Fuel cell electrode plate, fuel single cell and fuel cell stack

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention disclose a fuel cell plate, a fuel single cell, and a fuel cell stack. The fuel cell plate includes a reaction zone provided with a fuel gas inlet and a fuel gas outlet. The fuel single cell includes an anode plate, a cathode plate, and a membrane electrode assembly. The anode plate includes an anode reaction zone, and a first fuel gas inlet and a first fuel gas outlet are provided on the anode reaction zone. The cathode plate is disposed opposite to the anode plate and includes a cathode reaction zone, and a second fuel gas inlet and a second fuel gas outlet are provided on the cathode reaction zone. The membrane electrode assembly is sandwiched between the anode plate and the cathode plate, and a third fuel gas inlet that is opposite to and communicates with each of the first fuel gas inlet and the second fuel gas inlet, and a third fuel gas outlet that is opposite to and communicates with each of the first fuel gas outlet and the second fuel gas outlet are provided on the membrane electrode assembly. The fuel single cell of the present invention has a simple structure, a small volume, a light weight, and a high power generation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell manufacturing, and in particular, to a fuel cell plate, a fuel single cell, and a fuel cell stack having the fuel single cell. Background Art

[0002] Fuel cells, especially hydrogen fuel cells, are mainly used in fuel cell powered vehicles in the new energy vehicle series, new energy fuel cell powered locomotives, aircraft, household decentralized power supplies and other fields. A fuel cell is usually composed of a stack formed by laminating multiple fuel single cells. A fuel single cell generally includes a power generation body and a separator. The power generation body includes an electrolyte membrane and electrode catalyst layers disposed on both sides of the electrolyte membrane. In a fuel cell stack, a current collector plate, an insulating plate, and an end plate are sequentially laminated at both ends of the stack, and a connecting device is used to connect a pair of end plates respectively located on both sides of the stack to keep it in a laminated state.

[0003] The fuel single cell needs to have a fuel gas flow path, an oxidation gas flow path, and a coolant flow path. Among them, the fuel gas flow path needs to have a sealing property. The fuel cells in the related art have the disadvantages of large volume and heavy weight, which are not conducive to the miniaturization and light weight of fuel cells. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell plate, which has a simple structure, small volume, and light weight. An embodiment of the present invention also provides a fuel single cell, which has a simple structure, small volume, and light weight. An embodiment of the present invention also provides a fuel cell stack, which has a small volume and light weight.

[0005] The fuel cell plate according to an embodiment of one aspect of the present invention includes a reaction area, and a fuel gas inlet and a fuel gas outlet that penetrate the fuel cell plate in the thickness direction of the fuel cell plate are provided on the reaction area, and the fuel gas inlet and the fuel gas outlet are arranged at intervals.

[0006] According to an embodiment of another aspect of the present invention, a fuel single cell includes: an anode plate including an anode reaction region, on which a first fuel gas inlet and a first fuel gas outlet are provided and penetrate through the anode plate in the thickness direction of the anode plate, and the first fuel gas inlet and the first fuel gas outlet are arranged at intervals; a cathode plate which is arranged opposite to the anode plate and includes a cathode reaction region, on which a second fuel gas inlet and a second fuel gas outlet are provided and penetrate through the cathode plate in the thickness direction of the anode plate, and the second fuel gas inlet and the second fuel gas outlet are arranged at intervals; a membrane electrode assembly which is clamped between the anode plate and the cathode plate, and on which a third fuel gas inlet and a third fuel gas outlet are provided and penetrate through the membrane electrode assembly in the thickness direction of the anode plate, and the third fuel gas inlet is opposite to and communicated with each of the first fuel gas inlet and the second fuel gas inlet in the thickness direction of the anode plate, and the third fuel gas outlet is opposite to and communicated with each of the first fuel gas outlet and the second fuel gas outlet in the thickness direction of the anode plate.

[0007] For the fuel single cell according to the above embodiment of the present invention, the fuel gas inlet and the fuel gas outlet are both arranged in the anode reaction region (cathode reaction region) of the anode plate (cathode plate) to realize the inlet and outlet of the fuel gas. Compared with the technical solution in the related art that the fuel gas inlet and the fuel gas outlet are provided on a separate manifold region (flow distribution region) independent of the anode reaction region (cathode reaction region), the fuel single cell of the embodiment of the present invention does not need to separately create a manifold region, simplifies the structure of the fuel single cell, and reduces the volume and weight of the fuel single cell. Or, when the volumes of the fuel single cells are the same, compared with the fuel single cell in the related art, the proportion of the active area (reaction area) of the fuel single cell of the present invention is larger, so that the power generation efficiency of the fuel single cell of the present invention is higher. It should be noted here that the active area is the area of the anode reaction region / cathode reaction region participating in the anode reaction / cathode reaction as the active area (reaction area).

[0008] In addition, when stacking and assembling a plurality of fuel single cells, the fuel gas inlet and the fuel gas outlet can also be used as positioning holes. Specifically, by inserting a positioning rod into the fuel gas inlet and / or the fuel gas outlet and removing the positioning rod after the assembly is completed, the assembly positioning of a plurality of fuel single cells can be realized. Such an assembly method facilitates the positioning during the stacking of the fuel single cells, reduces the assembly difficulty, and improves the assembly accuracy. Compared with the technical solution in the related art that it is necessary to provide a notch or a separate positioning hole on the fuel single cell, the structure of the fuel single cell is simplified, the volume of the fuel single cell is further reduced, and it is convenient to realize the miniaturization and light weight of the fuel single cell.

[0009] Therefore, the fuel single cell according to the embodiments of the present invention has the advantages of a streamlined structure, small size, light weight, high power generation efficiency, etc.

[0010] In addition, the fuel single cell according to the present invention further has the following additional technical features:

[0011] In some embodiments, the fuel single cell further includes an anode sealing ring. An anode sealing groove is provided at the outer edge of the side surface of the anode plate adjacent to the cathode plate, and the anode sealing ring is fitted in the anode sealing groove.

[0012] In some embodiments, the fuel single cell further includes a first sealing ring and a second sealing ring. The first sealing ring penetrates through the cathode plate through the second fuel gas inlet, and the first end of the first sealing ring abuts against the membrane electrode assembly. The second sealing ring penetrates through the cathode plate through the second fuel gas outlet, and the first end of the second sealing ring abuts against the membrane electrode assembly.

[0013] In some embodiments, the membrane electrode assembly includes an anode gas path diffusion layer, a membrane electrode, and a cathode gas path diffusion layer that are stacked on top of each other in the thickness direction of the anode plate. The anode gas path diffusion layer faces the anode plate, and the cathode gas path diffusion layer faces the cathode plate. The third fuel gas inlet includes a first section, a second section, and a third section that are sequentially connected. The third fuel gas outlet includes a fourth section, a fifth section, and a sixth section that are sequentially connected. The first section and the fourth section penetrate through the anode gas path diffusion layer in the thickness direction of the anode plate. The second section and the fifth section penetrate through the membrane electrode in the thickness direction of the anode plate. The third section and the sixth section penetrate through the cathode gas path diffusion layer in the thickness direction of the anode plate.

[0014] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the third section is larger than the cross-sectional area of the second section, and the cross-sectional area of the sixth section is larger than the cross-sectional area of the fifth section. The first end of the first sealing ring passes through the third section to abut against the side surface of the membrane electrode facing the cathode gas path diffusion layer, and the first end of the second sealing ring passes through the sixth section to abut against the side surface of the membrane electrode facing the cathode gas path diffusion layer.

[0015] In some embodiments, a first anode flow channel region, a second anode flow channel region, and a third anode flow channel region are sequentially and spacedly arranged along the length direction of the anode plate in the anode reaction region. The first fuel gas inlet is located between the first anode flow channel region and the second anode flow channel region in the length direction of the anode plate. The first fuel gas outlet is located between the second anode flow channel region and the third anode flow channel region in the length direction of the anode plate. A first anode flow channel is provided in the first anode flow channel region, a second anode flow channel is provided in the second anode flow channel region, and a third anode flow channel is provided in the third anode flow channel region. At least a part of the second anode flow channel extends along the length direction of the anode plate. A plurality of spaced protrusions are provided on the first anode flow channel region, and the first anode flow channel is formed between the plurality of protrusions. Alternatively, at least a part of the first anode flow channel extends along the length direction of the anode plate. A plurality of spaced convex portions are provided on the third anode flow channel region, and the third anode flow channel is formed between the plurality of convex portions. Alternatively, at least a part of the third anode flow channel extends along the length direction of the anode plate.

[0016] In some embodiments, a first distribution flow channel and a second distribution flow channel both extending along the width direction of the anode plate are further provided on the anode plate. The first distribution flow channel is communicated with the first fuel gas inlet, and the second distribution flow channel is communicated with the first fuel gas outlet.

[0017] A fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of another aspect of the present invention includes: a plurality of fuel single cells as described in any one of the above embodiments. The plurality of fuel single cells are stacked on top of each other along the thickness direction of the anode plate. Among adjacent fuel single cells, the cathode plate of one fuel single cell is adjacent to the anode plate of another fuel single cell; a first current collector plate and a second current collector plate. The plurality of fuel single cells are connected between the first current collector plate and the second current collector plate along the thickness direction of the anode plate. Each of the first current collector plate and the second current collector plate includes a conductive portion and an insulating portion oppositely arranged along the thickness direction of the anode plate. The conductive portions of the first current collector plate and the second current collector plate both face the fuel single cells.

[0018] The fuel cell stack according to the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of small volume, light weight, high power generation efficiency, and simple assembly.

[0019] In some embodiments, among adjacent fuel single cells, the second ends of the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring of one fuel single cell both abut against the anode plate of another fuel single cell.

[0020] In some embodiments, the fuel cell stack further includes an additional cathode plate disposed at one end of the plurality of fuel single cells in the thickness direction of the anode plate, and the additional cathode plate is adjacent to the anode plate among the plurality of fuel single cells.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, become apparent in part from the following description, or be learned through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is an exploded schematic view of a fuel single cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a fuel single cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a partially enlarged schematic view of

[0025] Figure 4 is a schematic view of an anode plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 is a schematic view of a membrane electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 is Figure 5 a partially enlarged schematic view of

[0028] Figure 7 is Figure 6 a cross-sectional view of

[0029] Figure 8 is a schematic view of a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] REFERENCE SIGNS:

[0031] Fuel single cell 100;

[0032] Anode plate 110; Anode reaction zone 111; First fuel gas inlet 112; First fuel gas outlet 113; First anode flow channel zone 114; First anode flow channel 1141; Protrusion 1142; Second anode flow channel zone 115; Second anode flow channel 1151; Flow channel ridge 1152; Third anode flow channel zone 116; Third anode flow channel 1161; Convex portion 1162; First distribution flow channel 117; Second distribution flow channel 118;

[0033] Cathode plate 120; Cathode reaction zone 121; Second fuel gas inlet 122; Second fuel gas outlet 123;

[0034] Membrane electrode assembly 130; Third fuel gas inlet 131; Third fuel gas outlet 132; Anode gas path diffusion layer 133; First section 1331; Membrane electrode 134; Second section 1341; Cathode gas path diffusion layer 135; Third section 1351;

[0035] Anode sealing ring 140; Anode sealing groove 150; First sealing ring 160; Second sealing ring 170;

[0036] Fuel cell stack 200; First current collector plate 210; Second current collector plate 220; Connecting member 230; First end plate 231; Second end plate 232; Fastening bolt 233. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0038] Reference is made below to Figures 1 to 8 describe a fuel cell plate, a fuel single cell, and a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] A fuel cell plate according to an embodiment of one aspect of the present invention includes a reaction zone, and a fuel gas inlet and a fuel gas outlet that penetrate the fuel cell plate in the thickness direction of the fuel cell plate are provided on the reaction zone, and the fuel gas inlet and the fuel gas outlet are arranged at intervals.

[0040] By providing the fuel gas inlet and the fuel gas outlet in the reaction zone of the fuel cell plate according to the embodiment of the present invention, the structure of the fuel cell plate is streamlined, with a small volume and a light weight.

[0041] A fuel single cell 100 according to an embodiment of another aspect of the present invention includes an anode plate 110, a cathode plate 120, and a membrane electrode assembly 130.

[0042] The anode plate 110 includes an anode reaction zone 111, and a first fuel gas inlet 112 and a first fuel gas outlet 113 are provided on the anode reaction zone 111. The first fuel gas inlet 112 and the first fuel gas outlet 113 penetrate the anode plate 110 in the thickness direction of the anode plate 110 (such as Figure 1 the left - right direction in []) and are arranged at intervals. It should be noted here that the anode reaction zone 111 is a part of the anode plate 110 that can participate in the anode reaction.

[0043] The cathode plate 120 is arranged opposite to the anode plate 110 and includes a cathode reaction zone 121. A second fuel gas inlet 122 and a second fuel gas outlet 123 are provided on the cathode reaction zone 121. The second fuel gas inlet 122 and the second fuel gas outlet 123 penetrate the anode plate 110 in the thickness direction of the anode plate 110 (such asFigure 1 penetrate the cathode plate 120 in the left - right direction (in the figure) and are arranged at intervals. Here, the relative arrangement of the cathode plate 120 and the anode plate 110 means that the cathode plate 120 and the anode plate 110 are arranged in the thickness direction of the anode plate 110. It should be noted here that the cathode reaction zone 121 is a part of the cathode plate 120 that can participate in the cathode reaction.

[0044] The membrane - electrode assembly 130 is sandwiched between the anode plate 110 and the cathode plate 120. That is to say, the anode plate 110, the membrane - electrode assembly 130, and the cathode plate 120 are stacked on top of each other in the thickness direction of the anode plate 110. It can be understood that the thickness directions of the anode plate 110, the membrane - electrode assembly 130, and the cathode plate 120 are the same.

[0045] The membrane - electrode assembly 130 is provided with a third fuel - gas inlet 131 and a third fuel - gas outlet 132, and both the third fuel - gas inlet 131 and the third fuel - gas outlet 132 penetrate the membrane - electrode assembly 130 in the thickness direction of the anode plate 110. The third fuel - gas inlet 131 is opposite to and communicates with each of the first fuel - gas inlet 112 and the second fuel - gas inlet 122 in the thickness direction of the anode plate 110. The third fuel - gas outlet 132 is opposite to and communicates with each of the first fuel - gas outlet 113 and the second fuel - gas outlet 123 in the thickness direction of the anode plate 110.

[0046] The fuel gas can enter the gas path between the anode reaction zone 111 and the membrane - electrode assembly 130 through the first fuel - gas inlet 112, or through the second fuel - gas inlet 122 and the third fuel - gas inlet 131 to supply the fuel required for the anode reaction. The fuel gas can flow out of the fuel single - cell 100 through the first fuel - gas outlet 113, or through the second fuel - gas outlet 123 and the third fuel - gas outlet 132. The oxidant gas can enter the gas path between the cathode reaction zone 121 and the membrane - electrode assembly 130 through the oxidant - gas inlet on the cathode plate 120 to participate in the cathode reaction. The fuel gas and the oxidant gas undergo an electrochemical reaction through the membrane - electrode assembly 130 to convert chemical energy into electrical energy.

[0047] For example, the fuel single - cell 100 of the embodiment of the present invention can be a hydrogen fuel single - cell. The fuel gas of the hydrogen fuel single - cell is hydrogen, and the oxidant gas is oxygen. Of course, usually, the oxidant gas supplied to the cathode is air. Air not only provides the oxygen required for the cathode reaction but also can serve as a coolant to provide the cooling air required for heat dissipation of the fuel single - cell 100.

[0048] According to the fuel single cell of the embodiment of the present invention, the fuel gas inlet and the fuel gas outlet are both arranged in the anode reaction area (cathode reaction area) of the anode plate (cathode plate) to realize the inlet and outlet of the fuel gas. Compared with the technical solution in the related art where the fuel gas inlet and the fuel gas outlet are opened on a separate manifold area (distribution area) independent of the anode reaction area (cathode reaction area), the fuel single cell of the embodiment of the present invention does not need to separately create a manifold area, simplifies the structure of the fuel single cell, and reduces the volume and weight of the fuel single cell.

[0049] Alternatively, in the case of the same volume of the fuel single cell, compared with the fuel single cell in the related art, the proportion of the active area (reaction area) of the fuel single cell of the present invention is larger, so that the power generation efficiency of the fuel single cell of the present invention is higher. It should be noted here that the active area is the area of the anode reaction area / cathode reaction area participating in the anode reaction / cathode reaction as the active area (reaction area).

[0050] In addition, when stacking and assembling multiple fuel single cells, the fuel gas inlet and the fuel gas outlet can also be used as positioning holes. Specifically, by inserting a positioning rod into the fuel gas inlet and / or the fuel gas outlet and removing the positioning rod after assembly, the assembly positioning of multiple fuel single cells can be achieved. Such an assembly method facilitates the positioning during the stacking of fuel single cells, reduces the assembly difficulty, and improves the assembly accuracy. Compared with the technical solution in the related art that requires setting cuts or separate positioning holes on the fuel single cell, it simplifies the structure of the fuel single cell, further reduces the volume of the fuel single cell, and facilitates the miniaturization and light weight of the fuel single cell.

[0051] Therefore, the fuel single cell of the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, light weight, high power generation efficiency, etc.

[0052] In order to make the technical solution of the present application easier to understand, the following takes the thickness directions of the anode plate 110, the cathode plate 120, and the membrane electrode assembly 130 all along the left-right direction (the thickness directions of the anode plate 110, the cathode plate 120, and the membrane electrode assembly 130 are all consistent with the left-right direction), and the length directions of the anode plate 110, the cathode plate 120, and the membrane electrode assembly 130 all along the up-down direction (the length directions of the anode plate 110, the cathode plate 120, and the membrane electrode assembly 130 are all consistent with the up-down direction) as an example to further describe the technical solution of the present application. The up-down direction and the left-right direction are as Figure 1 shown by the arrows. The anode plate 110, the cathode plate 120, and the membrane electrode assembly 130 all have long sides extending along their length directions and wide sides extending along their width directions, and the length direction is perpendicular to the width direction. The length direction, the width direction, and the thickness direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0053] As Figure 1As shown, in a fuel single cell 100 provided by the present application, the anode plate 110 has a first side (the right side of the anode plate 110) adjacent to the cathode plate 120 and a second side (the left side of the anode plate 110) away from the cathode plate 120, and the first side and the second side are opposite to each other in the thickness direction (left - right direction) of the anode plate 110. The cathode plate 120 has a third side (the left side of the cathode plate 120) adjacent to the anode plate 110 and a fourth side (the right side of the cathode plate 120) away from the anode plate 110, and the third side and the fourth side are opposite to each other in the left - right direction. The membrane - electrode assembly 130 has a fifth side (the left side of the membrane - electrode assembly 130) adjacent to the anode plate 110 and a sixth side (the right side of the membrane - electrode assembly 130) adjacent to the cathode plate 120, and the fifth side and the sixth side are opposite to each other in the left - right direction.

[0054] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 shown, the fuel single cell 100 of the embodiment of the present invention further includes an anode sealing ring 140, and the anode sealing ring 140 is arranged at the outer edge of the side (the first side) of the anode plate 110 adjacent to the cathode plate 120. Further, as Figure 4 shown, an anode sealing groove 150 is provided at the outer edge of the side (the first side) of the anode plate 110 adjacent to the cathode plate 120, and the anode sealing ring 140 is fitted in the anode sealing groove 150. The anode sealing groove 150 prevents the fuel gas flowing between the anode plate 110 and the membrane - electrode assembly 130 from leaking out of the fuel single cell 100. The setting of the anode sealing groove 150 is beneficial to the positioning of the anode sealing ring 140 and prevents the anode sealing ring 140 from moving and deforming.

[0055] Among them, arranging the anode sealing ring 140 at the outer edge of the first side of the anode plate 11 means that the anode sealing ring 140 abuts against the outer edge of the first side of the anode plate 110, so as to confine the fuel gas between the anode plate 110 and the membrane - electrode assembly 130.

[0056] Arranging the anode sealing ring 140 at the outer edge of the first side of the anode plate 110 can maximize the area of the anode reaction zone 111. In other words, arranging the anode sealing ring 140 at the outer edge of the first side of the anode plate 11 can reduce the area of the non - reaction region of the anode plate 110 to the greatest extent, streamline the structure of the fuel single cell 100, and reduce the volume and weight of the fuel single cell 100. Or rather, arranging the anode sealing ring 140 at the outer edge of the first side of the anode plate 11 can increase the reaction zone area of the anode plate 110 to the greatest extent, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the fuel single cell 100.

[0057] Optionally, a circular sealing groove (not shown) that mates with the anode sealing ring 140 is provided on the fifth side surface (the left side surface of the membrane electrode assembly 130) of the membrane electrode assembly 130. One end of the anode sealing ring 140 is within the anode sealing groove 150, and the other end of the anode sealing ring 140 is fitted within this circular sealing groove.

[0058] Optionally, the anode sealing ring 140 is adhesively bonded to the first side surface of the anode plate 110. Further optionally, the anode sealing ring 140 can be made of silicone rubber or fluororubber.

[0059] In some embodiments, the fuel single cell 100 of the embodiments of the present invention further includes a first sealing ring 160 and a second sealing ring 170. The first sealing ring 160 passes through the cathode plate 120 via the second fuel gas inlet 122, and the first end of the first sealing ring 160 abuts against the membrane electrode assembly 130. The second sealing ring 170 passes through the cathode plate 120 via the second fuel gas outlet 123, and the first end of the second sealing ring 170 abuts against the membrane electrode assembly 130. The first sealing ring 160 and the second sealing ring 170 are used to seal the gas path of the fuel gas to prevent the fuel gas from entering between the membrane electrode assembly 130 and the cathode plate 120. The fuel gas can flow through the vent holes on the first sealing ring 160 and the second sealing ring 170.

[0060] As an example, as Figure 1 shown, the first fuel gas inlet 112 is located above the first fuel gas outlet 113, the second fuel gas inlet 122 is located above the second fuel gas outlet 123, and the third fuel gas inlet 131 is located above the third fuel gas outlet 132. The first sealing ring 160 is located above the second sealing ring 170. The first end of the first sealing ring 160 is its left end, the first end of the second sealing ring 170 is its left end, and the first ends of the first sealing ring 160 and the second sealing ring 170 both abut against the sixth side surface (the right side surface) of the membrane electrode assembly 130.

[0061] As an example, the cross-section of each of the first fuel gas inlet 112, the first fuel gas outlet 113, the second fuel gas inlet 122, the second fuel gas outlet 123, the third fuel gas inlet 131, and the third fuel gas outlet 132 is circular. The first sealing ring 160 and the second sealing ring 170 are annular. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the first fuel gas inlet 112, the first fuel gas outlet 113, the second fuel gas inlet 122, the second fuel gas outlet 123, the third fuel gas inlet 131, and the third fuel gas outlet 132 may be of other suitable shapes (such as square), and the first sealing ring 160 and the second sealing ring 170 are structures that cooperate with the first fuel gas inlet 112, the first fuel gas outlet 113, the second fuel gas inlet 122, the second fuel gas outlet 123, the third fuel gas inlet 131, and the third fuel gas outlet 132.

[0062] In some embodiments, the membrane electrode assembly 130 includes an anode gas path diffusion layer 133, a membrane electrode 134, and a cathode gas path diffusion layer 135 that are stacked on top of each other in the thickness direction of the anode plate 110. That is to say, the membrane electrode 134 is located between the anode gas path diffusion layer 133 and the cathode gas path diffusion layer 135. Taking Figure 5 the illustrated membrane electrode assembly 130 as an example, the anode gas path diffusion layer 133 is located on the left side of the membrane electrode 134, and the cathode gas path diffusion layer 135 is located on the right side of the membrane electrode 134.

[0063] The anode gas path diffusion layer 133 faces the anode plate 110, and the cathode gas path diffusion layer 135 faces the cathode plate 120. That is to say, the anode gas path diffusion layer 133 is located on the side of the membrane electrode 134 close to the anode plate 110, and the cathode gas path diffusion layer 135 is located on the side of the membrane electrode 134 close to the cathode plate 120.

[0064] The third fuel gas inlet 131 includes a first section 1331, a second section 1341, and a third section 1351 that are connected in sequence. The third fuel gas outlet 132 includes a fourth section, a fifth section, and a sixth section (not shown) that are connected in sequence. The first section 1331 and the fourth section penetrate the anode gas path diffusion layer 133 in the thickness direction (left - right direction) of the anode plate 110. The second section 1341 and the fifth section penetrate the membrane - electrode 134 in the left - right direction. The third section 1351 and the sixth section penetrate the cathode gas path diffusion layer 135 in the left - right direction. That is to say, the first section 1331 of the third fuel gas inlet 131 and the fourth section of the third fuel gas outlet 132 are provided on the anode gas path diffusion layer 133. The second section 1341 of the third fuel gas inlet 131 and the fifth section of the third fuel gas outlet 132 are provided on the membrane - electrode 134. The third section 1351 of the third fuel gas inlet 131 and the sixth section of the third fuel gas outlet 132 are provided on the cathode gas path diffusion layer 135. The first section 1331, the second section 1341, and the third section 1351 are connected in sequence to form the third fuel gas inlet 131, and the fourth section, the fifth section, and the sixth section are connected in sequence to form the third fuel gas outlet 132.

[0065] In some embodiments, as Figures 5 to 7 shown, the cross - sectional area of the third section 1351 of the third fuel gas inlet 131 is larger than the cross - sectional area of the second section 1341. The cross - sectional area of the sixth section of the third fuel gas outlet 132 is larger than the cross - sectional area of the fifth section. The first end of the first sealing ring 160 passes through the third section 1351 to abut against the side of the membrane - electrode 134 facing the cathode gas path diffusion layer 135. The first end of the second sealing ring 170 passes through the sixth section to abut against the side of the membrane - electrode 134 facing the cathode gas path diffusion layer 135.

[0066] Since the cross - sectional area of the third section 1351 of the third fuel gas inlet 131 is larger than the cross - sectional area of the second section 1341, at a position adjacent to the second section 1341 on the membrane - electrode 134, a part of the side of the membrane - electrode 134 facing the cathode gas path diffusion layer 135 does not abut against the cathode gas path diffusion layer 135 in the left - right direction. Therefore, after the first end of the first sealing ring 160 passes through the third section 1351 opened on the cathode gas path diffusion layer 135, it can abut against this part of the side of the membrane - electrode 134 facing the cathode gas path diffusion layer 135.

[0067] Since the cross - sectional area of the sixth section of the third fuel gas inlet 131 is larger than the cross - sectional area of the fifth section, at a position adjacent to the fifth section on the membrane - electrode 134, a part of the side of the membrane - electrode 134 facing the cathode gas path diffusion layer 135 does not abut against the cathode gas path diffusion layer 135 in the left - right direction. Therefore, after the first end of the second sealing ring 170 passes through the sixth section opened on the cathode gas path diffusion layer 135, it can abut against this part of the side of the membrane - electrode 134 facing the cathode gas path diffusion layer 135.

[0068] Therefore, the first sealing ring 160 and the second sealing ring 170 can prevent fuel gas from diffusing into the cathode gas path diffusion layer 135.

[0069] As an example, as Figures 5 to 7 shown, the second section 1341 and the third section 1351 of the third fuel gas inlet 131, and the fifth section and the sixth section of the third fuel gas outlet 132 are all circular through holes, and the axes of the second section 1341 and the third section 1351 are on the same straight line, and the axes of the fifth section and the sixth section are on the same straight line. Both the first sealing ring 160 and the second sealing ring 170 are circular rings. The diameter of the second section 1341 of the third fuel gas inlet 131 is R1, and the diameter of the third section 1351 is R2. The diameter of the first sealing ring 160 is R3. Then R1 < R3 < R2. The diameter of the fifth section of the third fuel gas inlet 131 is R4, and the diameter of the sixth section is R5. The diameter of the second sealing ring 170 is R6. Then R4 < R6 < R5.

[0070] It should be noted that the shapes and cross-sectional areas of the first section 1331 of the third fuel gas inlet 131 and the fourth section of the third fuel gas outlet 132 are not specifically limited.

[0071] In some embodiments, the anode reaction zone 111 is provided with a first anode flow channel zone 114, a second anode flow channel zone 115, and a third anode flow channel zone 116 that are sequentially arranged at intervals along the length direction (vertical direction) of the anode plate 110. The first fuel gas inlet 112 is located between the first anode flow channel zone 114 and the second anode flow channel zone 115 in the length direction of the anode plate 110. The first fuel gas outlet 113 is located between the second anode flow channel zone 115 and the third anode flow channel zone 116 in the length direction of the anode plate 110. As Figure 1 shown, the first anode flow channel zone 114, the second anode flow channel zone 115, and the third anode flow channel zone 116 are arranged from top to bottom in sequence.

[0072] In a specific embodiment, each of the first anode flow channel zone 114, the second anode flow channel zone 115, and the third anode flow channel zone 116 is provided on a part of the first side surface of the anode plate 110 corresponding to the anode reaction zone 111. That is to say, the first anode flow channel zone 114, the second anode flow channel zone 115, and the third anode flow channel zone 116 are provided on the first side surface of the anode plate 110. The first anode flow channel zone 114, the second anode flow channel zone 115, and the third anode flow channel zone 116 are used to guide the fuel gas.

[0073] Optionally, as Figure 1As shown, the length of the second anode flow channel region 115 in the length direction of the anode plate 110 is greater than the length of each of the first anode flow channel region 114 and the third anode flow channel region 116 in the length direction of the anode plate 110. Such a setting is beneficial to the better circulation of the fuel gas, facilitating the full reaction of the fuel gas, and can improve the reaction rate of the fuel gas.

[0074] A first anode flow channel 1141 is provided in the first anode flow channel region 114. A second anode flow channel 1151 is provided in the second anode flow channel region 115. A third anode flow channel 1161 is provided in the third anode flow channel region 116.

[0075] As an example, at least a part of the second anode flow channel 115 extends along the length direction of the anode plate 110. Specifically, as Figure 1 shown, a plurality of spaced-apart flow channel ridges 1152 are provided on the second anode flow channel region 115. The flow channel ridges 1152 extend along the length direction of the anode plate 110. The second anode flow channel 115 is formed between two adjacent flow channel ridges 1152. A plurality of second anode flow channels 115 are formed in the second anode flow channel region 115. The second anode flow channels 115 extend along the length direction of the anode plate 110.

[0076] In other embodiments, the main part of the second anode flow channel 115 extends along the length direction of the anode plate 110.

[0077] As an example, as Figure 1 shown, a plurality of spaced-apart protrusions 1142 are provided on the first anode flow channel region 114. The first anode flow channel 1141 is formed between the plurality of protrusions 1142. That is to say, the fuel gas can flow in the first anode flow channel 1141 formed between two adjacent protrusions 1142. In other embodiments, at least a part of the first anode flow channel 1141 extends along the length direction of the anode plate 110.

[0078] As an example, as Figure 1 shown, a plurality of spaced-apart convex portions 1162 are provided on the third anode flow channel region 116, and the third anode flow channel 1161 is formed between the plurality of convex portions 1162. That is to say, the fuel gas can flow in the first anode flow channel 1141 formed between two adjacent convex portions 1162. In other embodiments, at least a part of the third anode flow channel 1161 extends along the length direction of the anode plate 110.

[0079] In some embodiments, the anode plate 110 is further provided with a first distribution flow channel 117 and a second distribution flow channel 118 both extending along the width direction of the anode plate 110. The first distribution flow channel 117 communicates with the first fuel gas inlet 112, and the second distribution flow channel 118 communicates with the first fuel gas outlet 113. The first distribution flow channel 117 and the second distribution flow channel 118 are used for distributing the fuel gas. The first distribution flow channel 117 is conducive to better dispersing the fuel gas on the first anode flow channel region 114, the second anode flow channel region 115, and the third anode flow channel region 116, promoting the anode reaction of the fuel gas, and improving the service performance of the fuel single cell 100. The second distribution flow channel 118 is conducive to the collection of the fuel gas, enabling the fuel gas to flow out more smoothly from the first fuel gas outlet 113. The first distribution flow channel 117 and the second distribution flow channel 118 make the structure of the anode plate 110 more reasonable.

[0080] As an example, each of the first distribution flow channel 117 and the second distribution flow channel 118 is provided on the first side surface of the anode plate 110. The first distribution flow channel 117 is located between the first anode flow channel region 114 and the second anode flow channel region 115 in the length direction of the anode plate 110. The second distribution flow channel 118 is located between the second anode flow channel region 115 and the third anode flow channel region 116 in the length direction of the anode plate 110, making the structure of the anode plate 110 more reasonable.

[0081] In a specific embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the first distribution flow channel 117 has a first sub-distribution flow channel 1171 and a second sub-distribution flow channel 1172. The first sub-distribution flow channel 1171 and the second sub-distribution flow channel 1172 are respectively located on both sides of the first fuel gas inlet 112 in the width direction of the anode plate 110, and both the first sub-distribution flow channel 1171 and the second sub-distribution flow channel 1172 communicate with the first fuel gas inlet 112. That is, the first fuel gas inlet 112 is located between the first sub-distribution flow channel 1171 and the second sub-distribution flow channel 1172 in the width direction of the anode plate 110. The structure of the second distribution flow channel 118 can be similar to that of the first distribution flow channel 117, which will not be elaborated here. Such a setting makes the structure of the anode plate 110 more reasonable.

[0082] In some embodiments, each of the anode plate 110 and the cathode plate 120 is formed by stamping and / or rolling a metal thin plate material. As an example, as Figure 4 shown, the anode plate 110 has a plurality of protrusions 1142, a plurality of convex portions 1162 formed by stamping, and a first anode flow channel 1141 extending along the length direction of the anode plate 110.

[0083] In some embodiments, as Figure 1As shown, the cathode plate 120 is a wavy plate. That is, the cross-section of the cathode plate 120 is wavy. A cathode flow channel is formed on the third side surface of the cathode plate 120 for the circulation of the oxidant gas. A coolant flow channel is formed on the fourth side surface of the cathode plate 120 for the circulation of the coolant. As an example, at least part of the cathode flow channel extends along the width direction of the anode plate 110. Designing at least part of the cathode flow channel to extend along the width direction of the anode plate 110 can enable the fuel gas and the oxidant gas to flow substantially perpendicular to each other during operation, and the distribution of water and heat generated in the reaction is more uniform, thereby contributing to improving the performance and service life of the fuel cell.

[0084] As Figure 8 shown, the fuel cell stack 200 according to another embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of fuel single cells 100 in the above embodiments. The plurality of fuel single cells 100 are stacked on top of each other in the thickness direction of the anode plate 110. Among adjacent fuel single cells 100, the cathode plate 120 of one fuel single cell 100 is adjacent to the anode plate 110 of another fuel single cell 100. That is to say, the cathode plate 120 of one fuel single cell 100 is adjacent to the anode plate 110 of another fuel single cell 100 adjacent thereto. Or rather, the anode plate 110 of one fuel single cell 100 is adjacent to the cathode plate 120 of another fuel single cell 100 adjacent thereto. Thus, the plurality of fuel single cells 100 are stacked on top of each other in the above order.

[0085] The fuel cell stack 200 further includes a first current collector plate 210 and a second current collector plate 220. The plurality of fuel single cells 100 are connected between the first current collector plate 210 and the second current collector plate 220 in the thickness direction of the anode plate 110. That is, the plurality of fuel single cells 100 are sandwiched between the first current collector plate 210 and the second current collector plate 220 in the thickness direction of the anode plate 110.

[0086] Each of the first current collector plate 210 and the second current collector plate 220 includes a conductive portion and an insulating portion arranged opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the anode plate 110. The conductive portions of the first current collector plate 210 and the second current collector plate 220 both face the fuel single cell 100. In other words, the conductive portions of the first current collector plate 210 and the second current collector plate 220 are arranged opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the anode plate 110, so that the plurality of fuel single cells 100 located between the first current collector plate 210 and the second current collector plate 220 can contact and conduct electricity with the conductive portions of the first current collector plate 210 and the second current collector plate 220. The first current collector plate 210 and the second current collector plate 220 are used for current collection.

[0087] The fuel cell stack according to this embodiment of the present invention includes the fuel single cells in the above embodiment. Since the fuel cell stack has relatively high requirements for volume and weight, the reduction in the volume and weight of the fuel single cells is beneficial to the development of the fuel cell stack towards miniaturization and light weight. In addition, the improvement in the power generation efficiency of the fuel single cells is beneficial to the improvement of the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell stack. Moreover, when assembling multiple fuel single cells, since the fuel gas inlet and fuel gas outlet on the fuel single cells can be used as positioning holes, the assembly difficulty of the fuel cell stack is reduced and the assembly accuracy of the fuel cell stack is improved.

[0088] Thus, the fuel cell stack according to the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of small volume, light weight, high power generation efficiency, and simple assembly.

[0089] As an example, each of the first current collector plate 210 and the second current collector plate 220 has a first side and a second side that are opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the anode plate 110. The first side, as the side of the conductive part, becomes the conductive side, and the second side, as the side of the insulating part, becomes the insulating side. The first side (conductive side) of the first current collector plate 210 and the first side (conductive side) of the second current collector plate 220 both face the fuel single cell 100.

[0090] In some embodiments, each of the first current collector plate 210 and the second current collector plate 220 is an insulating plate. Gold is plated on the first side of the first current collector plate 210 to form the conductive side, and gold is plated on the first side of the second current collector plate 220 to form the conductive side. The second side of the first current collector plate 210 and the second side of the second current collector plate 220 become insulating sides due to the insulating properties of the insulating plate itself. It should be noted that the insulating plate is a plate-like structure made of insulating material with insulating properties, and the insulating material is not limited here. Those skilled in the art can select appropriate insulating materials according to actual needs.

[0091] In this embodiment, the current collector plate is an integrally formed plate with a conductive side and an insulating side. Compared with the technical solution in the related art that generally uses a combination of a conductive current collector plate and an insulating plate, in this application, the current collector plate and the insulating plate are integrated into an integrally formed plate, reducing the number of assembled parts and reducing the overall weight of the fuel cell stack 200.

[0092] In some other embodiments, each of the first current collector plate 210 and the second current collector plate 220 is a conductive plate. An insulating layer may be plated or an insulating film may be adhered to the second side surfaces of the first current collector plate 210 and the second current collector plate 220 to form insulating side surfaces. The first side surfaces of the first current collector plate 210 and the second current collector plate 220 become conductive side surfaces due to the conductive characteristics of the conductive plates themselves. It should be noted that the conductive plate is a plate-like structure made of a conductive material with conductive characteristics, and the conductive material is not limited herein. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable conductive material according to actual needs. Optionally, the conductive plate is a metal plate.

[0093] In some embodiments, among adjacent fuel cells 100, the second ends of the first sealing ring 160 and the second sealing ring 170 of one fuel cell 100 are both in contact with the anode plate 110 of another fuel cell 100. Therefore, when the fuel gas passes through the first sealing ring 160 and the second sealing ring 170, it will not flow between the adjacent anode plate 110 and cathode plate 120.

[0094] In some embodiments, the fuel cell stack 200 of the embodiment of the present invention further includes an additional cathode plate (not shown in the figure). The additional cathode plate is provided at one end of the plurality of fuel cells 100 in the thickness direction of the anode plate 110, and the additional cathode plate is adjacent to the anode plate 110 in the plurality of fuel cells 100. That is to say, the plurality of fuel cells 100 stacked on each other have a first end and a second end opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the anode plate 110. The first end is the anode plate 110, and the other end is the cathode plate 120. At this first end, that is, at the anode plate 110, an additional cathode plate is provided. Optionally, the additional cathode plate is the cathode plate 120 in the above embodiment. The additional cathode plate can be used as a dummy cell to improve the heat dissipation effect of the anode plate 110 at the first end.

[0095] Optionally, the fuel cell stack 200 of the embodiment of the present invention can be a hydrogen fuel cell.

[0096] In some embodiments, the fuel cell stack 200 of the embodiment of the present invention further includes a connecting member 230. The connecting member 230 includes a first end plate 231, a second end plate 232, and a plurality of fastening bolts 233. The first current collector plate 210, the second current collector plate 220, and the plurality of fuel cells 100 are located between the first end plate 231 and the second end plate 232 in the thickness direction of the anode plate 110. The plurality of fastening bolts 233 connect the first end plate 231 and the second end plate 232. The connecting member 230 is used to press-fit the first current collector plate 210, the second current collector plate 220, and the plurality of fuel cells 100.

[0097] When assembling the fuel cell stack 200 according to the embodiments of the present invention, the anode plate 110 and the cathode plate 120 can be first made into an integral bipolar separator by welding (or bonding). Then, the bipolar separator, the anode sealing ring 140, the membrane electrode assembly 130, the first sealing ring 160, and the second sealing ring 170 are repeatedly stacked and assembled together in sequence. It is also possible to use the anode plate 110 and the cathode plate 120 as separate components. During assembly, the anode plate 110, the anode sealing ring 140, the membrane electrode assembly 130, the first sealing ring 160, the second sealing ring 170, and the cathode plate 120 are assembled into a fuel single cell 100 in sequence first, and then the fuel cell stack 200 is assembled and encapsulated by repeatedly stacking the fuel single cells 100.

[0098] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0099] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0100] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "mounted", "connected", "coupled", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communicable with each other; it may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0101] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, a first feature being "on" or "under" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Further, a first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. A first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0102] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, without conflicting, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0103] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel single cell, characterized in that, Comprising a fuel cell plate and a membrane electrode assembly, The fuel cell plate includes a reaction zone, on which a fuel gas inlet and a fuel gas outlet are provided, penetrating the fuel cell plate in the thickness direction of the fuel cell plate, and the fuel gas inlet and the fuel gas outlet are arranged at intervals; The fuel cell plate includes an anode plate and a cathode plate; the anode plate includes an anode reaction zone, on which a first fuel gas inlet and a first fuel gas outlet are provided, penetrating the anode plate in the thickness direction of the anode plate, and the first fuel gas inlet and the first fuel gas outlet are arranged at intervals; the cathode plate is arranged opposite to the anode plate and includes a cathode reaction zone, on which a second fuel gas inlet and a second fuel gas outlet are provided, penetrating the cathode plate in the thickness direction of the anode plate, and the second fuel gas inlet and the second fuel gas outlet are arranged at intervals; The membrane electrode assembly is clamped between the anode plate and the cathode plate, and a third fuel gas inlet and a third fuel gas outlet are provided on the membrane electrode assembly, penetrating the membrane electrode assembly in the thickness direction of the anode plate, and the third fuel gas inlet is opposite to and communicated with each of the first fuel gas inlet and the second fuel gas inlet in the thickness direction of the anode plate, and the third fuel gas outlet is opposite to and communicated with each of the first fuel gas outlet and the second fuel gas outlet in the thickness direction of the anode plate; The anode reaction zone is provided with a first anode flow channel zone, a second anode flow channel zone and a third anode flow channel zone which are arranged at intervals in sequence along the length direction of the anode plate, the first fuel gas inlet is located between the first anode flow channel zone and the second anode flow channel zone in the length direction of the anode plate, and the first fuel gas outlet is located between the second anode flow channel zone and the third anode flow channel zone in the length direction of the anode plate, A first anode flow channel is provided in the first anode flow channel zone, a second anode flow channel is provided in the second anode flow channel zone, a third anode flow channel is provided in the third anode flow channel zone, and at least a part of the second anode flow channel extends along the length direction of the anode plate, A plurality of spaced protrusions are provided on the first anode flow channel zone, and the first anode flow channel is formed between the plurality of protrusions, or at least a part of the first anode flow channel extends along the length direction of the anode plate, A plurality of spaced convex portions are provided on the third anode flow channel zone, and the third anode flow channel is formed between the plurality of convex portions, or at least a part of the third anode flow channel extends along the length direction of the anode plate; The anode plate is further provided with a first distribution flow channel and a second distribution flow channel which both extend along the width direction of the anode plate, the first distribution flow channel is communicated with the first fuel gas inlet, and the second distribution flow channel is communicated with the first fuel gas outlet; A cathode flow channel is formed on the side of the cathode plate close to the membrane electrode assembly for the circulation of the oxidant gas, and both the second fuel gas inlet and the second fuel gas outlet are located in the cathode flow channel zone.

2. The fuel single cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further comprising: An anode sealing ring, an anode sealing groove is provided at the outer edge of the side of the anode plate adjacent to the membrane electrode assembly, and the anode sealing ring is fitted in the anode sealing groove; A first sealing ring and a second sealing ring, the first sealing ring penetrates through the cathode plate through the second fuel gas inlet, and the first end of the first sealing ring abuts against the membrane electrode assembly, the second sealing ring penetrates through the cathode plate through the second fuel gas outlet, and the first end of the second sealing ring abuts against the membrane electrode assembly.

3. The fuel single cell according to claim 2, wherein, The membrane electrode assembly includes an anode gas path diffusion layer, a membrane electrode and a cathode gas path diffusion layer stacked on each other in the thickness direction of the anode plate, the anode gas path diffusion layer is opposite to the anode plate, the cathode gas path diffusion layer is opposite to the cathode plate, the third fuel gas inlet includes a first section, a second section and a third section connected in sequence, the third fuel gas outlet includes a fourth section, a fifth section and a sixth section connected in sequence, the first section and the fourth section penetrate through the anode gas path diffusion layer in the thickness direction of the anode plate, the second section and the fifth section penetrate through the membrane electrode in the thickness direction of the anode plate, and the third section and the sixth section penetrate through the cathode gas path diffusion layer in the thickness direction of the anode plate.

4. The fuel single cell according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cross-sectional area of the third section is larger than the cross-sectional area of the second section, the cross-sectional area of the sixth section is larger than the cross-sectional area of the fifth section, the first end of the first sealing ring passes through the third section to abut against the side of the membrane electrode facing the cathode gas path diffusion layer, and the first end of the second sealing ring passes through the sixth section to abut against the side of the membrane electrode facing the cathode gas path diffusion layer.

5. A fuel cell stack, characterized in that, Comprising: A plurality of fuel single cells as described in any one of claims 2-4, the plurality of fuel single cells are stacked on each other in the thickness direction of the anode plate, in adjacent fuel single cells, the cathode plate of one fuel single cell is adjacent to the anode plate of another fuel single cell; A first current collector plate and a second current collector plate, the plurality of fuel single cells are connected between the first current collector plate and the second current collector plate in the thickness direction of the anode plate, each of the first current collector plate and the second current collector plate includes a conductive part and an insulating part arranged opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the anode plate, and the conductive parts of the first current collector plate and the second current collector plate both face the fuel single cells.

6. The fuel cell stack according to claim 5, characterized in that, In adjacent fuel single cells, the second ends of the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring of one fuel single cell both abut against the anode plate of another fuel single cell.

7. The fuel cell stack according to claim 5, characterized in that, It further includes an additional cathode plate, the additional cathode plate is arranged at one end of the plurality of fuel single cells in the thickness direction of the anode plate, and the additional cathode plate is adjacent to the anode plates of the plurality of fuel single cells.

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