A fruit tree cultivation cellar in arid and cold regions and a cultivation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a fruit cultivation cellar in arid and cold regions and a cultivation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fruit cultivation. The cellar body is 2-3 meters wide and 0.6-0.8 meters deep. An inner ditch with a width of 0.6-0.8 meters and a depth of 0.4-0.6 meters is provided at the bottom of the cellar. Organic fertilizer and straw are placed in the inner ditch, and soil is covered on the inner ditch to form a covering soil layer; baffles are provided on both sides of the cellar body, two columns are provided on the upper part of both ends of the cellar body, steel wires are installed on the top of the columns, the steel wires connect the two columns, and a V-shaped protective layer is provided above the cellar body with the steel wires as support. When the present invention uses the cultivation cellar for fruit tree cultivation, it helps to gather the heat of the earth's core, and at the same time, a protective layer composed of straw mats, felt, and plastic films is provided. In winter, the temperature inside the protective layer can be increased by 10-15°C relative to the outside, so as to protect the fruit trees from overwintering safely; in addition, it can prevent the late spring cold that occurs in arid and cold regions during the fruit tree flowering season.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and in particular relates to a fruit tree cultivation cellar in arid and cold regions and a cultivation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The average temperature of the coldest month in arid and cold regions is around -10℃, the lowest temperature is -30℃, and the thickness of the frozen soil layer is 0.8-1 meter. The cold weather seriously affects the growth and population distribution of fruit trees. Open-air cultivation will cause the branches of fruit trees to withdraw, seriously affecting the yield and quality. Many fruit trees cannot safely overwinter in this area. In this area, the use of protected land (greenhouse) planting and covering (straw curtains) are commonly used technical measures for fruit trees to overwinter in order to protect fruit trees from frost damage; however, the construction and maintenance costs of protected land (greenhouses) are too high, and fruit farmers are generally reluctant to adopt them. They are more willing to use the operation method of covering (straw curtains) to protect fruit trees from wintering safely, but the operation process is complicated and seriously affects the shape of the tree. In production, in order to meet the needs of cultivation, fruit trees are pruned into fan-shaped or creeping shapes to reduce the workload of covering (straw curtains); and too much snow in winter can easily break branches. So far, the height of fruit trees such as peach, fig, pomegranate, etc. cultivated in arid and cold regions does not exceed 1.5 meters, and most of them are planted in a creeping state, with abnormal tree shape, which seriously affects the fruit yield and quality. Therefore, it is urgent to provide a low-cost and safe wintering cultivation method for fruit trees in arid and cold regions. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a fruit tree cultivation cellar in arid and cold regions and a cultivation method thereof.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A fruit tree cultivation cellar for arid and cold regions comprises a cellar body, which is 2-3 meters wide and 0.6-0.8 meters deep. An inner ditch with a width of 0.6-0.8 meters and a depth of 0.4-0.6 meters is provided at the bottom of the cellar, in which organic fertilizer and straw are placed, and soil is covered above the inner ditch to form a covering soil layer; baffles are provided on both sides of the cellar body, two columns are provided at the upper part of both ends of the cellar body, steel wires are installed on the top of the columns, and the steel wires connect the two columns; a V-shaped protective layer is provided above the cellar body with the steel wires as support.

[0006] Furthermore, the protective layers are straw mats, felt and thick plastic films from inside to outside.

[0007] A fruit tree cellar cultivation method in arid and cold regions comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Determination of the cultivation area: Select an area with an extreme low temperature above -30°C;

[0009] (2) Design requirements for semi-underground planting trenches: trench width 2-3 meters, trench depth 0.6-0.8 meters, topsoil 0.3-0.4 meters placed on one side, other soil placed on the other side; dig an inner trench 0.6-0.8 meters wide and 0.4-0.6 meters deep from the center of the planting trench, and place organic fertilizer and straw in the inner trench, with organic fertilizer 0.1-0.2 meters thick placed in the lower layer, and straw 0.05-0.1 meters thick placed in the upper layer, and backfill with 0.3-0.4 meters of topsoil until the inner trench is filled, and continue to backfill the remaining topsoil to form a covering layer;

[0010] (3) Baffle setting: Baffles are placed on both sides of the planting ditch, 0.1-0.2 meters above the ground to prevent the soil on both sides from sliding down;

[0011] (4) Fruit tree planting: The spacing between plants is 1.5-2.5 meters, and three-year-old grafted seedlings are planted with soil balls;

[0012] (5) Installing columns: Install one column at each end of the cellar. The column should be more than 3 meters high, with its bottom fixed and buried in the ground. The column should be more than 2.5 meters above the bottom of the ditch. Install a steel wire at the top of the column to connect the two columns.

[0013] (6) Winter protection: After winter, cover the steel wire with a protective layer to form a V-shaped protective layer, and then cover the position where the protective layer contacts the ground to ensure the stability of the triangular structure formed by the protective layer and the ground;

[0014] (7) Early spring: After the snow at the bottom of the protective layer melts, remove the protective layer;

[0015] (8) Spring pruning: Branches that are broken or damaged due to compression of the protective layer need to be pruned in time.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (4), the tree shape is a dwarfed open shape, and the tree height is less than 2.5 meters.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (5), the bottom of the column is fixed with concrete.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (5), the pillars and the fruit trees are in a straight line.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (6), the inner angle of the V-shaped protective layer is greater than 60 degrees.

[0020] Furthermore, when a late spring cold snap occurs, cover with plastic film in advance to form a protective layer, and remove the protective layer after the late spring cold snap is over.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present invention adopts a semi-underground planting ditch, which is helpful to gather the heat from the earth's core. At the same time, a protective layer composed of straw mats, felt and plastic film is arranged. In winter, the temperature inside the protective layer can be increased by 10-15°C relative to the outside, thereby protecting the fruit trees from wintering safely. In addition, arid and cold regions often experience late spring cold during the fruit tree flowering season. The low temperature causes the flower buds and buds of the fruit trees to be severely frozen and damaged. By knowing the arrival time of the late spring cold through the weather forecast and covering the protective film in advance, frost damage can be effectively prevented. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fruit tree cultivation cellar of the present invention.

[0024] in:

[0025] 1 column 2 protective layer

[0026] 3 baffles 4 covering soil layer

[0027] 5 straw 6 organic fertilizer

[0028] 7 fruit trees 8 steel wire

[0029] Figure 2 It is a stereoscopic diagram of the internal structure of the fruit tree cultivation cellar of the present invention.

[0030] in:

[0031] 1 column 7 fruit trees

[0032] 8 steel wire 9 cultivation cellar DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Example 1

[0034] A fruit tree cellar cultivation method in arid and cold regions comprises the following steps:

[0035] (1) The cultivation area is determined. Areas with extremely low temperatures below -30°C are not suitable for this method.

[0036] (2) The design requirements for the semi-underground planting trench are as follows: the trench is 2 meters wide and 0.7 meters deep. When the planting trench is excavated, the 0-0.4-meter surface soil is piled on one side, and the 0.4-0.7-meter underground soil is piled on the other side. An inner trench with a width of 0.7 meters and a depth of 0.5 meters is dug downward from the center of the planting trench, and the excavated soil is piled together with the 0.4-0.7-meter underground soil. Organic fertilizer and straw are placed. A layer of 0.1-meter thick organic fertilizer (sheep manure, cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, etc.) is first spread in the inner trench, and then a layer of 0.05-meter thick straw is spread on top. The straw is required to be hollow and have a thickness of more than 0.5 cm, such as sunflower stalks and corn stalks, while wheat stalks and cotton stalks do not meet the requirements. Backfill the top 0.4 meters of soil until the inner trench is filled, and continue to backfill the remaining topsoil to form a covering layer.

[0037] (3) Baffle setting: Place color steel plates or PVC plates (2-3 cm thick, as long as they can support the soil on both sides and prevent it from sliding down) on both sides of the planting ditch as baffles. The baffles should be 0.2 meters above the ground to prevent the soil on both sides from sliding down.

[0038] (4) For fruit tree planting, three-year-old grafted seedlings are planted with soil balls, with a spacing of 2 meters between plants. The tree shape is a dwarf open shape, and the tree height is controlled within 2.5 meters. Drip irrigation is used for irrigation. Since organic fertilizer and straw are laid underground, there is no need to worry about soil salinization, and there is no need to flood with water to wash away salt and alkali.

[0039] (5) Install the columns, which are 3 meters high and fixed at the bottom with a 40 cm cube or cylinder of concrete. They are buried 0.5 meters underground and 2.5 meters above the bottom of the ditch. Install steel wires at the top of the columns, connecting the two columns, and use a tensioner to straighten and tighten them.

[0040] (6) Winter protection: After winter, three layers of protection are covered on the steel wire, namely straw mat, felt and thick plastic film, to seal and protect the fruit trees. The top layer of plastic film is to prevent snow accumulation. In arid and cold areas, the snowfall thickness is generally 30-40cm or even greater. The uneven surface of the felt is prone to snow accumulation and collapse. After covering, use a covering machine to cover the lower end of the protective layer in contact with the ground to ensure the stability of this triangular structure.

[0041] (7) In the spring, after the snow at the bottom of the protective layer melts, remove the protective layer. Be careful not to let the snow (water) enter the planting ditch, as this will easily lower the ground temperature.

[0042] (8) Spring pruning: branches that are broken or damaged due to compression of the protective layer need to be pruned in time to ensure yield.

[0043] (9) Prevent late spring frost. Late spring frost is very serious in drought-stricken and cold regions, occurring basically once every 2-3 years. The consequences are very serious, and sometimes the harvest is completely lost. Before the late spring frost arrives, cover the trees with plastic film to form a simple protective layer to prevent snow and cold currents from harming the fruit trees. After the late spring frost is over, remove the protective layer.

[0044] (10) Management measures: The tree shape is pruned into a dwarf open shape, with a tree height of about 2.5 meters. Other water and fertilizer management measures are basically the same as conventional management measures.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] A fruit tree cellar cultivation method in arid and cold regions comprises the following steps:

[0047] (1) The cultivation area is determined. Areas with extremely low temperatures below -30°C are not suitable for this method.

[0048] (2) The design requirements for the semi-underground planting trench are: 3 meters wide and 0.6 meters deep; when digging the planting trench, 0-0.3 meters of surface soil is piled on one side, and 0.3-0.6 meters of underground soil is piled on the other side. Dig an inner trench with a width of 0.8 meters and a depth of 0.6 meters downward from the center of the planting trench, and pile the excavated soil together with the 0.3-0.6 meters of underground soil; place organic fertilizer and straw, first spread a 0.2 meter thick layer of organic fertilizer (sheep manure, cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, etc.) in the inner trench, and then spread a 0.1 meter thick layer of straw on top. The straw is required to be hollow and have a thickness of more than 0.5 cm, such as sunflower stalks and corn stalks, while wheat stalks and cotton stalks do not meet the requirements. Backfill the top 0.3 meters of soil until the inner trench is filled, and continue to backfill the remaining topsoil to form a covering layer.

[0049] (3) Baffle setting: Place color steel plates or PVC plates (2-3 cm thick, as long as they can support the soil on both sides and prevent it from sliding down) on both sides of the planting ditch as baffles. The baffles should be 0.1 meters above the ground to prevent the soil on both sides from sliding down;

[0050] (4) For fruit tree planting, three-year-old grafted seedlings are planted with soil balls, with a spacing of 2 meters between plants. The tree shape is a dwarf open shape, and the tree height is controlled within 2.5 meters. Drip irrigation is used for irrigation. Since organic fertilizer and straw are laid underground, there is no need to worry about soil salinization, and there is no need to flood with water to wash away salt and alkali.

[0051] (5) Install the columns, which are 3 meters high and fixed at the bottom with 30 cm cube or cylinder concrete, buried 0.5 meters underground and 2.5 meters above the bottom of the ditch; install steel wire at the upper end of the column, connect the two columns, and straighten and tighten it with a tensioner.

[0052] (6) Winter protection: After winter, three layers of protection are covered on the steel wire, namely straw mat, felt and thick plastic film, to seal and protect the fruit trees. The top layer of plastic film is to prevent snow accumulation. In arid and cold areas, the snowfall thickness is generally 30-40cm or even greater. The uneven surface of the felt is prone to snow accumulation and collapse. After covering, use a covering machine to cover the lower end of the protective layer in contact with the ground to ensure the stability of this triangular structure.

[0053] (7) In the spring, after the snow at the bottom of the protective layer melts, remove the protective layer. Be careful not to let the snow (water) enter the planting ditch, as this will easily lower the ground temperature.

[0054] (8) Spring pruning: branches that are broken or damaged due to compression of the protective layer need to be pruned in time to ensure yield.

[0055] (9) Prevent late spring frost. Late spring frost is very serious in drought-stricken and cold regions, occurring basically once every 2-3 years. The consequences are very serious, and sometimes the harvest is completely lost. Before the late spring frost arrives, cover the trees with plastic film to form a simple protective layer to prevent snow and cold currents from harming the fruit trees. After the late spring frost is over, remove the protective layer.

[0056] (10) Management measures: The tree shape is pruned into a dwarf open shape, with a tree height of about 2.5 meters. Other water and fertilizer management measures are basically the same as conventional management measures.

[0057] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fruit cultivation cellar for arid and cold regions, characterized in that: It comprises a cellar body, which is 2-3 meters wide and 0.6-0.8 meters deep. An inner ditch with a width of 0.6-0.8 meters and a depth of 0.4-0.6 meters is provided at the bottom of the cellar, in which organic fertilizer and straw are placed, and soil is covered on the inner ditch to form a covering soil layer; baffles are provided on both sides of the cellar body, two columns are provided on the upper part of both ends of the cellar body, steel wires are installed on the top of the columns, and the steel wires connect the two columns, and a V-shaped protective layer is provided above the cellar body with the steel wires as support; The inner angle of the V-shaped protective layer is greater than 60 degrees.

2. The arid and cold region fruit cultivation cellar according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective layers are straw mats, felt and thick plastic film from inside to outside.

3. A method for cultivating fruit trees in a cellar in arid and cold regions, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Determination of the cultivation area: Select an area with an extreme low temperature above -30°C; (2) Design requirements for semi-underground planting trenches: trench width 2-3 meters, trench depth 0.6-0.8 meters, topsoil placed on one side, other soil placed on the other side; dig an inner trench 0.6-0.8 meters wide and 0.4-0.6 meters deep from the center of the planting trench, and place organic fertilizer and straw in the inner trench, with organic fertilizer 0.1-0.2 meters thick placed in the lower layer, and straw 0.05-0.1 meters thick placed in the upper layer, and backfill the topsoil until the inner trench is filled, and continue to backfill the remaining topsoil to form a covering layer; (3) Baffle setting: Baffles are placed on both sides of the planting ditch, 0.1-0.2 meters above the ground to prevent the soil on both sides from sliding down; (4) Fruit tree planting: The spacing between plants is 1.5-2.5 meters, and three-year-old grafted seedlings are planted with soil balls; (5) Installing pillars: Install one pillar at each end of the cellar. The height of the pillar should be more than 3 meters. The bottom of the pillar should be fixed and buried in the ground. The height of the pillar should be more than 2.5 meters above the bottom of the ditch. Install a steel wire on the top of the pillar to connect the two pillars. Straighten and tighten the steel wire. (6) Winter protection: After winter, a protective layer is covered on the steel wire to form a V-shaped protective layer, and then the position where the protective layer contacts the ground is covered to ensure the stability of the triangular structure formed by the protective layer and the ground; (7) Remove the film in spring: After the snow at the bottom of the protective layer melts, remove the protective layer; (8) Spring pruning.

4. The method for cultivating fruit trees in arid and cold regions according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step (2), the thickness of the surface soil is 0.3-0.4 meters.

5. The method for cultivating fruit trees in arid and cold regions according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step (4), the tree shape is a dwarfed open shape, and the tree height is controlled to be below 2.5 meters.

6. The method for cultivating fruit trees in arid and cold regions according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step (5), the bottom of the column is fixed with concrete.

7. The method for cultivating fruit trees in arid and cold regions according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (5), the pillar and the fruit tree are in a straight line.

8. The method for cultivating fruit trees in arid and cold regions according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step (6), the inner angle of the V-shaped protective layer is greater than 60 degrees.

9. The method for cultivating fruit trees in arid and cold regions according to claim 3, characterized in that: When a late spring cold snap occurs, cover the plants with plastic film in advance to form a protective layer. After the late spring cold snap is over, remove the protective layer.

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