A testing device and method for fishes passing through a dam in a mountain river

Abstract

The present invention relates to a testing device and a testing method for fishes passing through a dam in a mountain river. The testing device comprises a horseshoe-shaped swimming pool (1), a motor (2), a linkage shaft (3), a propeller (4), and a frequency converter (5); the motor (2) is electrically connected to the frequency converter (5); the rotating shaft of the motor (2) is connected to the propeller (4) through the linkage shaft (3); the horseshoe-shaped swimming pool (1) comprises four parts, namely, a curved area A (6), a curved area B (7), a straight area A (8), and a straight area B (9); and so on. The present invention has a reasonable and effective structural arrangement, is easy to manufacture, saves time and effort in repairing and replacing parts, and saves manufacturing costs; the present invention simulates a stable testing environment, guarantees the test results of the tested fishes, and the test results can be used in the fish passing facilities constructed for the fishes passing through the dam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of a testing device structure and method for fish passing through a dam in a dam fish passing facility. Background Art

[0002] Generally, dam fish-passing facilities are large-scale projects built between the upstream and downstream of the dam, which are very expensive. However, different dam bodies have different sizes, and the fish upstream and downstream of the dam are affected by the differences in the ecological environment in the area where they are located, resulting in very different local fish species composition. Therefore, when constructing fish-passing facilities, it is necessary to find some indicators and parameters that affect the construction of the project. The present invention provides a set of testing devices and methods for fish passing through dams in fish lift projects, which overcomes this problem. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and defects and provides a testing device and a testing method for fishes passing through dams in mountain rivers.

[0004] The present invention is implemented by the following technical solution.

[0005] A test device for fishes passing through a dam in a mountain river, the test device comprising a horseshoe-shaped swimming pool 1, a motor 2, a linkage shaft 3, a propeller 4, and a frequency converter 5;

[0006] The motor 2 is electrically connected to the frequency converter 5;

[0007] The rotating shaft of the motor 2 is connected to the propeller 4 via a linkage shaft 3;

[0008] The horseshoe-shaped swimming pool 1 includes four parts: a curve area A6, a curve area B7, a straight area A8, and a straight area B9;

[0009] In the counterclockwise direction, they are respectively arranged as a straight area A8, a curved area A6, a straight area B9, and a curved area B7; the straight area A8, the curved area A6, the straight area B9, and the curved area B7 are connected end to end;

[0010] The propeller 4 is installed in the straight area A8, and stirs the water flow to flow along the straight area A8, the curved area A6, the straight area B9, and the curved area B7 in sequence;

[0011] The test area 10 for fish crossing the dam is set in the straight area B9;

[0012] Concentric arc plates 11 matching the curves are provided in the curve area A6 and the curve area B7. A water channel 12 is formed between adjacent arc plates 11. The width of the water channel decreases from the near center to the far center.

[0013] Furthermore, the present invention provides an outwardly protruding backflow slow-flow structure 23 on the outer side wall of the test area 10, and the backflow slow-flow structure 23 is composed of a movable transfer plate vertical to the bottom of the test area 10;

[0014] The test area 10 includes a fixing hole 22 disposed at the bottom thereof; a removable flow control structure 20 is disposed on the fixing hole 22; the fixing hole 22 and the removable flow control structure 20 are arranged irregularly;

[0015] It comprises a removable plate slot 21, which is inserted at the bottom of the test area 10 and parallel to the water flow direction; the removable plate slot 21 divides the test area 10 into several independent areas.

[0016] Furthermore, the curve area A6 and the curve area B7 of the present invention are arranged in a semicircular shape; an oxygenation system 19 is arranged at a position close to the exit of the curve area A6.

[0017] Furthermore, a watertight jacket is arranged outside the linkage shaft 3 of the present invention, and the watertight jacket passes through the curve area B7 and is arranged in the straight area B9, and the linkage shaft 3 rotates in the watertight jacket; a roller sleeve 13 and a support rod 14 are arranged transversely in front and behind the propeller 4; the central axis of the roller sleeve 13 is on the same horizontal line as the center of the propeller 4. The roller sleeve 13 is a structure with a rotating shaft at the center and a thicker sleeve on the outside, which can be provided with holes or without holes, and the purpose is to eliminate the large water waves generated when the propeller 4 rotates.

[0018] Furthermore, in the present invention, grid plates A15 are respectively provided at the end of the straight area A8 and the end of the curved area A6; and a grid plate B18 is fixedly provided at the end of the straight area B9.

[0019] Furthermore, the present invention arranges a flow stabilizing plate 16 at the front end of the straight area B9, and the flow stabilizing plate 16 is arranged as a plurality of vertical plug plates 17 arranged downstream along the water flow direction.

[0020] Furthermore, in the present invention, the size of the grid on the grid plate A15 is smaller than the size of the grid on the grid plate B18; the test area 10 is arranged between the grid plate A15 and the grid plate B18, and the length of the test area 10 is not less than 1 m.

[0021] Furthermore, the present invention sets a dissolved oxygen meter and a temperature meter in the horseshoe-shaped swimming pool 1.

[0022] A method for testing the swimming ability of fish, the testing method of the present invention includes two characteristics: the current tendency characteristic and the ability to resist the flow;

[0023] The flow characteristics are based on the response flow speed.

[0024] The induced flow velocity refers to the flow velocity value that can cause fish to produce a tactic response. The tactic response is indicated by the change in the direction of fish movement.

[0025] The ability to overcome current is divided into three categories according to the different intrinsic movement metabolism patterns of fish and the different apparent movement durations, which are expressed in terms of speed: sustained swimming speed, prolonged swimming speed and burst speed.

[0026] Sustained swimming speed: fish can maintain sustained swimming mode for a considerable period of time without feeling tired, and the duration is calculated as >200min;

[0027] Endurance swimming speed: The endurance swimming speed of fish is between the sustained swimming speed and the surging swimming speed, which can be maintained for 20s to 200min and ends with fatigue.

[0028] Burst swimming speed is the maximum speed that fish can reach, and it is maintained for a very short time, <20s.

[0029] Furthermore, in the test method of the present invention, the burst swimming ability is divided into burst swimming speed and sprint swimming speed;

[0030] Among them, burst swimming speed refers to the maximum swimming speed that fish can reach in a very short time (<2s);

[0031] The sprint swimming speed refers to the maximum swimming speed reached by fish in a short period of time (<20s).

[0032] Furthermore, the testing method of the present invention comprises:

[0033] Using a horseshoe-shaped swimming pool, fish move in a specific swimming area, artificially control the water flow speed, and calculate the fish swimming speed and water flow speed based on the water flow speed;

[0034] For individuals, place the test fish alone in the still water of the tank, and then gradually increase the flow rate until the test fish turns to the countercurrent direction. At this time, the flow rate is the induced flow rate of the individual test fish;

[0035] Increasing flow rate method:

[0036] Before the experiment, the fish body length and weight were tested and the fish were placed in the swimming area of ​​the experimental device. The initial flow rate of the experimental device was set to 1bl / s (bl is the body length of the fish), the flow gradient was 1bl / s, and the time gradient was 15min;

[0037] Dissolved oxygen and temperature were tested every 5 min. When fish were fatigued (criterion: fish reached the grid at the end of the swimming area and could not swim), the fish were removed from the sealed area and their weight was tested.

[0038] Since the fish always swims in the swimming zone, it is assumed that the swimming speed of the fish is equal to the water flow speed;

[0039] The critical swimming speed Ucrit is calculated as Ucrit = Up + (tf / ti) × Ut, where: Up (bl / s) is the swimming speed of the fish during the entire time period, Ut (bl / s) is the speed gradient, tf (min) is the time it takes for the fish to increase its speed for the last time until it becomes fatigued, and ti (min) is the time gradient;

[0040] Since the cross-sectional area of ​​the fish is smaller than 10% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the swimming zone, the retention effect is neglected, i.e., there is no need to correct the critical swimming speed;

[0041] Sustained swimming speed range, 0 to 80% critical swimming speed;

[0042] Endurance swimming speed range, 80% critical swimming speed ~ rush speed;

[0043] Burst swimming speed range, burst speed ~10bl / s (body length / second).

[0044] The beneficial effects of the present invention are that the structural setting of the present invention is reasonable and effective, and the manufacturing is convenient, and the maintenance and replacement of parts is time-saving and labor-saving, and the manufacturing cost is saved; the method of the present invention is comprehensive and has new innovative content and technical upgrades compared with some existing methods; the present invention simulates a stable testing environment and guarantees the test results of the tested fish, and the tested results can be used in the fish lifting machine project built for the fish crossing the dam.

[0045] The present invention is further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 2 Another structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 3 This is a correlation diagram between the flow velocity v and the frequency f of the frequency modulator of the present invention.

[0049] The numbers in the figure are: horseshoe-shaped swimming pool (1), motor (2), linkage shaft (3), propeller (4), frequency converter (5), curve area A (6), curve area B (7), straight area A (8), straight area B (9), test area (10), curved plate (11), water channel (12), roller sleeve (13), support rod (14), grille plate A (15), flow stabilizing plate (16), vertical plug plate (17), grille plate B (18), oxygenation system (19), unloadable flow control structure (20), unloadable plug plate slot (21), fixing hole (22), return bay slow flow structure (23). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 shown.

[0051] A test device for fishes passing through a dam in a mountain river, the test device comprising a horseshoe-shaped swimming pool 1, a motor 2, a linkage shaft 3, a propeller 4, and a frequency converter 5;

[0052] The motor 2 is electrically connected to the frequency converter 5;

[0053] The rotating shaft of the motor 2 is connected to the propeller 4 via a linkage shaft 3;

[0054] The horseshoe-shaped swimming pool 1 includes four parts: a curve area A6, a curve area B7, a straight area A8, and a straight area B9; the advantage of the horseshoe-shaped swimming pool 1 is that it can change the direction of the water flow velocity within a limited range and is not easy to generate turbulent waves; the semicircular structure can minimize wave agitation.

[0055] In the counterclockwise direction, they are respectively arranged as a straight area A8, a curved area A6, a straight area B9, and a curved area B7; the straight area A8, the curved area A6, the straight area B9, and the curved area B7 are connected end to end;

[0056] The propeller 4 is installed in the straight area A8, and stirs the water flow to flow along the straight area A8, the curved area A6, the straight area B9, and the curved area B7 in sequence;

[0057] The test area 10 for fish crossing the dam is set in the straight area B9; the test area 10 is set in the second straight area, and there are sufficient methods and distances for handling the incoming water in the front section;

[0058] Concentric arc plates 11 matching the curves are arranged in the curve areas A6 and B7, and water channels 12 are formed between adjacent arc plates 11, and the width of the water channel decreases from the near center to the far center. Such an arrangement can control the water flow speed in each water channel to be as uniform as possible.

[0059] Furthermore, the present invention provides an outwardly protruding backflow slow-flow structure 23 on the outer side wall of the test area 10, and the backflow slow-flow structure 23 is composed of a movable transfer plate vertical to the bottom of the test area 10;

[0060] The test area 10 includes a fixing hole 22 disposed at the bottom thereof; a removable flow control structure 20 is disposed on the fixing hole 22; the fixing hole 22 and the removable flow control structure 20 are arranged irregularly;

[0061] It comprises a removable plate slot 21, which is inserted at the bottom of the test area 10 and parallel to the water flow direction; the removable plate slot 21 divides the test area 10 into several independent areas.

[0062] Furthermore, the curve area A6 and the curve area B7 of the present invention are arranged in a semicircular shape; an oxygenation system 19 is arranged at a position close to the exit of the curve area A6.

[0063] Furthermore, a waterproof jacket is arranged on the outer side of the linkage shaft 3 of the present invention, and the waterproof jacket passes through the curved area B7 and is arranged in the straight area B9, and the linkage shaft 3 rotates in the waterproof jacket; a roller sleeve 13 and a support rod 14 are respectively arranged laterally in front and behind the propeller 4; the central axis of the roller sleeve 13 is on the same horizontal line as the center of the propeller 4.

[0064] Furthermore, the present invention provides grid plates A15 at the end of the straight area A8 and the end of the curved area A6, respectively; and a grid plate B18 is fixedly provided at the end of the straight area B9. The function of the grid plate A15 is also to eliminate the large water waves generated by the incoming water.

[0065] Furthermore, the present invention sets a flow stabilizer 16 at the front end of the straight area B9, and the flow stabilizer 16 is set as a plurality of vertical plugs 17 set downstream along the water flow direction. The setting of the plurality of vertical plugs 17 can ensure that the incoming water line is parallel to the side wall of the straight area.

[0066] Furthermore, the size of the grid on the grid plate A15 of the present invention is smaller than the size of the grid on the grid plate B18; the test area 10 is set between the grid plates A15 and B18, and the length of the test area 10 is not less than 1m. The length of the test area 10 needs to satisfy that the test fish is in a relatively stable test site.

[0067] Furthermore, the present invention sets a dissolved oxygen meter and a temperature meter in the horseshoe-shaped swimming pool 1. The dissolved oxygen meter and the temperature meter monitor the dissolved oxygen content and temperature value of the test environment at any time, so that the test fish are in a relatively superior environment, paving the way for the test results.

[0068] Test Method

[0069] Swimming ability index

[0070] There are two types of indicators that characterize the swimming ability of fish: one is the flow tendency, and the other is the ability to overcome the flow.

[0071] Flow-taxis refers to the tendency of fish to flow and their sensitivity to it.

[0072] Flow resistance refers to the ability of fish to overcome water flow at a certain speed.

[0073] These two swimming ability indicators are important reference data in the design of fish passing facilities, and are also one of the key directions of research on fish passing facilities and fish behavior at home and abroad.

[0074] Specifically, the flow-seeking characteristics of fish are used to design the minimum flow velocity that occurs in the migration route; and the flow rate of fish is used to control the flow velocity design of fish passing facilities.

[0075] (1) Tidal characteristics

[0076] The flow characteristics are indexed by the response flow speed.

[0077] The induced flow velocity refers to the flow velocity value that can cause fish to produce a tactic response. The tactic response is indicated by the change in the direction of fish movement.

[0078] In the design process of fish-passing facilities, the induced flow velocity is not only an important parameter for the design of the inlet fish-attracting flow velocity, but also a reference for the design of the minimum flow velocity that occurs in the fish-passing facilities and the fish migration routes.

[0079] (2) Flow capacity

[0080] According to the different internal movement metabolism patterns of fish and the different apparent movement durations, the flow resistance of fish is divided into three categories, which are expressed in terms of speed: sustained swimming speed, prolonged swimming speed and burst speed. The difference between these three speeds of some fish is reflected by the change in the slope of the swimming time and speed relationship graph.

[0081] ①Sustained swimming speed

[0082] Fish can maintain continuous swimming mode for a considerable period of time without feeling fatigue, and the duration is calculated as >200min.

[0083] At this time, the fish uses aerobic metabolism to provide energy to slowly contract the red muscle fibers, thereby propelling the fish forward.

[0084] ② Endurance swimming speed

[0085] The endurance swimming speed of fish is between the sustained swimming speed and the breakthrough swimming speed. It can be maintained for 20s to 200min and ends with fatigue.

[0086] At this speed, the energy consumed by fish is obtained through both aerobic metabolism and anaerobic metabolism. Anaerobic metabolism provides higher energy, but it is easy to accumulate a large amount of lactic acid, which makes fish feel tired. Among them, the maximum endurance swimming speed is called the critical swimming speed.

[0087] ③Burst swimming speed

[0088] The burst swimming speed is the maximum speed that fish can reach, and it is maintained for a very short time, less than 20 seconds. At this speed, fish obtain greater energy through anaerobic metabolism, achieve short-term burst swimming speed, and also accumulate waste products such as lactic acid.

[0089] According to the different swimming time, explosive swimming ability is divided into burst swimming speed and sprint swimming speed.

[0090] Among them, burst swimming speed refers to the maximum swimming speed reached by fish in a very short time (<2s), which is used during predation and emergency avoidance.

[0091] The sprint swimming speed refers to the maximum swimming speed reached by fish in a short period of time (<20s).

[0092] The swimming speed is an important parameter in the design of fish passing facilities.

[0093] Generally, fish slow down or speed up by adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the swing of their body and tail fin to maintain the accelerated-gliding swimming mode, which can reduce the energy consumed by fish. Fish often use sustained swimming speed for exercise (such as migration), use endurance swimming speed in difficult areas, and use burst swimming speed when hunting and escaping. The sustained movement of fish is considered to be the exercise of fish's "marathon" aerobic metabolism. Its sustained swimming speed is the maximum speed at which fish can swim stably for 6 hours without exhaustion. Endurance swimming is a swimming exercise that combines aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of fish. The duration of endurance swimming speed is generally 20s to 200min. The duration of endurance swimming speed is related to the species of fish, individual size, water temperature, and the cycle of burst swimming and sustained swimming.

[0094] Test content

[0095] In order to comprehensively study the swimming ability of fish, this experiment intends to test the fish's current-seeking characteristics and ability to overcome currents. The test indicators are: induced flow velocity, critical swimming speed, and breakthrough swimming speed.

[0096] Test environment

[0097] (1) Test time

[0098] April to June is the period when fish activities are vigorous.

[0099] (2) Test location

[0100] The test site is a fish breeding and release station at a hydropower station.

[0101] The test horseshoe swimming pool was placed in the fish rearing area of ​​the release station.

[0102] The water used in the test fish holding pond and experimental device is fish breeding circulating water, which ensures that the water temperature and the physical and chemical properties of the water are relatively stable during the test.

[0103] During the test, water temperature and dissolved oxygen were monitored in real time. The water temperature ranged from 11.1 to 18.7°C, and the dissolved oxygen ranged from 6.33 to 8.84 mg / L.

[0104] By adjusting the motor operating frequency (f, Hz), the flow velocity (v, m / s) in the horseshoe swimming pool is gradually increased. The flow velocity in the horseshoe swimming pool is tested every time the motor frequency increases by 5Hz, and a standard curve is made ( Figure 2 ).

[0105] The relationship between flow velocity v and frequency modulator f (v=-0.0177+0.05129f, 5 <f<50)

[0106] Test Method

[0107] Currently, there are four methods for testing fish swimming ability:

[0108] (1) Fish move in a straight line in a still water horseshoe-shaped swimming pool. Bait is delivered at both ends, and the fish move back and forth. An underwater camera is used to film the fish's movement behavior and the movement distance and time are used to estimate the fish's swimming speed and swimming ability.

[0109] Test Method

[0110] Currently, there are four methods for testing fish swimming ability:

[0111] (1) Fish move in a straight line in a still water horseshoe-shaped swimming pool. Bait is delivered at both ends, and the fish move back and forth. An underwater camera is used to film the fish's movement behavior and the movement distance and time are used to estimate the fish's swimming speed and swimming ability.

[0112] (2) Using a large diameter still water horseshoe-shaped swimming pool, fish follow the movement of visual markers, and the moving speed of the visual markers ranges from 0 to 4.5 m / s.

[0113] (3) The fish move in a circular horseshoe-shaped swimming pool. The water flow in the horseshoe-shaped swimming pool is artificially controlled and set. The swimming speed and swimming ability of the fish are estimated based on the position of the fish movement and the water flow rate.

[0114] (4) Use a horseshoe-shaped swimming pool in which fish move in a specific swimming area, artificially control the water flow speed, and calculate the fish swimming speed and water flow speed based on the water flow speed.

[0115] This test uses the fourth method.

[0116] (1) Induction flow rate test method

[0117] The induced flow rate test generally uses the water flow rate corresponding to when the fish adjusts its swimming direction as an indicator, and there are two testing methods.

[0118] The first test method: Test on a group, place a large number of fish (more than 10 fish) in a horseshoe-shaped swimming pool, and gradually increase the flow rate until half of the test fish turn back to the upstream direction. At this time, the flow rate is the induced flow rate of the test fish group.

[0119] The second test method: For individuals, the test fish are placed alone in the still water of a horseshoe-shaped swimming pool, and the flow rate is then gradually increased until the test fish turns in the upstream direction. At this time, the flow rate is the induced flow rate of the individual test fish.

[0120] This test uses the second test method.

[0121] (2) Critical swimming speed test method

[0122] There are two test methods for measuring critical swimming speed: "fixed flow rate method" and "increasing flow rate method".

[0123] ① Fixed flow rate method

[0124] In the fixed flow test, the fish are placed in a constant flow rate that does not change during the entire experiment. The fish are first allowed to adapt to the horseshoe swimming pool for a period of time, and then the flow rate is adjusted to a specific required flow rate, and this flow rate increase must be completed within a specified time. This procedure is repeated several times at different sub-maximal flow rates. In the test of fish swimming ability, in order to avoid differences caused by the influence of individual environment and physiology. Fixed swimming speed tests use a large number of fish of the same size and the same conditions, and require observation for a considerable period of time. Therefore, in recent years, the incremental flow method, which is less time-consuming and has a small sample size, has been used.

[0125] ②Increasing flow rate method

[0126] Before starting the experiment, the fish body length and weight were tested and the fish were placed in the swimming area of ​​the experimental device. The initial flow rate of the experimental device was set to 1bl / s (bl is the body length of the fish), the flow gradient was 1bl / s, and the time gradient was 15min.

[0127] The dissolved oxygen and temperature were tested every 5 min. When the fish were fatigued (criterion: the fish reached the grid at the end of the swimming area and could not swim), the fish were removed from the sealed area and their body weight was tested.

[0128] Since the fish always swims in the swimming area, it is assumed that the swimming speed of the fish is equal to the water flow speed.

[0129] The calculation formula for the critical swimming speed Ucrit is Ucrit = Up + (tf / ti) × Ut, where: Up (bl / s) is the swimming speed that the fish can swim during the entire time period, Ut (bl / s) is the speed gradient, tf (min) is the time it takes for the fish to increase its speed for the last time until it becomes fatigued, and ti (min) is the time gradient.

[0130] Since the cross-sectional area of ​​the fish is smaller than 10% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the swimming zone, the retention effect is neglected, i.e., there is no need to correct for the critical swimming speed.

[0131] The increasing flow rate method takes a relatively short time, has strong controllability, and requires a smaller number of fish to obtain statistically significant values. Therefore, the increasing flow rate method is selected to test the critical swimming speed.

[0132] (3) Explosive swimming speed test method

[0133] Because bursts of swimming speed are only maintained for a short time and the fish's responses are inconsistent, it is difficult to accurately measure such a short period of time. Fish cannot always maintain a certain speed, and they use a "burst-and-slide" swimming mode when swimming at high speeds. Until now, there have been few methods to measure this behavior.

[0134] Some use electric shock to obtain the theoretical value of muscle contraction time; some measure the fish jumping height to estimate its take-off speed, which is considered to be the maximum burst swimming speed of the fish, and the formula V = (2gh) 1 / 2 Calculated; some international scholars also believe that the burst swimming speed can be obtained by using the incremental flow rate method with the smallest time interval and the largest flow rate step. The essence of the burst swimming speed test is the incremental flow rate test method with the largest flow rate step adjusted within the smallest time step.

[0135] Burst swimming speed is divided into burst swimming speed and sprint swimming speed.

[0136] Burst swimming speed refers to the maximum swimming speed that fish can reach in a very short time (<2s).

[0137] The sprint swimming speed refers to the maximum swimming speed reached by fish in a short period of time (<20s).

[0138] In this test, the “increasing flow rate method” with a time step of 20s was used to test the breakthrough speed index value.

[0139] The increasing velocity method test is the same as the critical velocity test method, with a time step of 20s.

[0140] The calculation formula for the thrust swimming speed Uthrust is Uthrust = Up + (tf / ti) × Ut, where: Up (bl / s) is the swimming speed that the fish can swim during the entire time period, Ut (bl / s) is the speed gradient, tf (min) is the time it takes for the fish to increase its speed for the last time until it is fatigued, and ti (min) is the time gradient.

[0141] Since the cross-sectional area of ​​the fish is smaller than 10% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the swimming zone, the retention effect is neglected, i.e., there is no need to correct for the critical swimming speed.

[0142] (4) Comprehensive evaluation of swimming speed

[0143] In swimming speed tests, some scholars have proposed using the half-tolerance (TLm) method to calculate the critical swimming speed, that is, when 50% of the test fish are fatigued, it is considered that the average sustained swimming speed has been reached. This 50% principle is often used in statistical analysis of swimming speed.

[0144] Therefore, this test uses the half-tolerance (TLm) method to calculate the critical swimming speed and burst swimming speed test values, that is, if 50% of the tested fish can overcome a certain flow rate value, then this flow rate value is called the swimming speed index of this fish.

[0145] In summary, the comprehensive evaluation method of swimming ability is:

[0146] Sustained swimming speed range, 0 to 80% critical swimming speed;

[0147] Endurance swimming speed range, 80% critical swimming speed ~ rush speed;

[0148] Burst swimming speed range, burst speed ~10bl / s (body length / second).

[0149] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A testing device for fishes passing through a dam in a mountain river, characterized in that: The testing device comprises a horseshoe-shaped swimming pool (1), a motor (2), a linkage shaft (3), a propeller (4), and a frequency converter (5); The motor (2) is electrically connected to the frequency converter (5); The rotating shaft of the motor (2) is connected to the propeller (4) via a linkage shaft (3); The horseshoe-shaped swimming pool (1) comprises four parts: a curve area A (6), a curve area B (7), a straight area A (8), and a straight area B (9); In the counterclockwise direction, they are respectively arranged as a straight area A (8), a curve area A (6), a straight area B (9), and a curve area B (7); the straight area A (8), the curve area A (6), the straight area B (9), and the curve area B (7) are connected end to end; The propeller (4) is installed in the straight area A (8) and stirs the water flow in the direction of the straight area A (8), the curved area A (6), the straight area B (9), and the curved area B (7); The test area (10) for fish crossing the dam is set within the straight area B (9); Concentric arc plates (11) matching the curves are arranged in the curve area A (6) and the curve area B (7), and water channels (12) are formed between adjacent arc plates (11), with the width of the water channels decreasing from the near center to the far center; The bend area A (6) and the bend area B (7) are arranged in a semicircular shape; an oxygen enrichment system (19) is arranged near the exit of the bend area A (6); an outwardly protruding return bay slow flow structure (23) is arranged on the outer side wall of the test area (10), and the return bay slow flow structure (23) is composed of a movable transfer plate perpendicular to the bottom of the test area (10); It comprises a fixing hole (22) arranged at the bottom of the test area (10); a removable flow-blocking regulating structure (20) is arranged on the fixing hole (22); and the fixing hole (22) and the removable flow-blocking regulating structure (20) are arranged irregularly; It comprises a removable plate slot (21), which is inserted at the bottom of the test area (10) and parallel to the water flow direction; the removable plate slot (21) divides the test area (10) into a plurality of independent areas; A grating plate A (15) is provided at the end of the straight area A (8) and the end of the curved area A (6), respectively; a grating plate B (18) is fixedly provided at the end of the straight area B (9); A flow stabilizing plate (16) is arranged at the front end of the straight area B (9), wherein the flow stabilizing plate (16) is configured as a plurality of vertical plug plates (17) arranged downstream along the direction of the water flow.

2. A test device for fishes passing through a dam in a mountain river according to claim 1, characterized in that: A watertight jacket is arranged on the outside of the linkage shaft (3), the watertight jacket passes through the curved area B (7) and is arranged in the straight area B (9), and the linkage shaft (3) rotates in the watertight jacket; a roller sleeve (13) and a support rod (14) are arranged transversely in front of and behind the propeller (4), respectively; the central axis of the roller sleeve (13) and the center of the propeller (4) are on the same horizontal line.

3. A test device for fishes passing through a dam in a mountain river according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the grid on the grid plate A (15) is smaller than the size of the grid on the grid plate B (18); the test area (10) is arranged between the grid plate A (15) and the grid plate B (18); and the length of the test area (10) is not less than 1 m.

4. A testing device for fishes passing through a dam in a mountain river according to claim 1, characterized in that: A dissolved oxygen meter and a temperature meter are installed in the horseshoe-shaped swimming pool (1).

5. A method for testing the swimming ability of fish using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The test method includes two characteristics: the tendency to flow and the ability to overcome the flow; The rheotactic property is based on the induced flow velocity; The induced flow velocity refers to the flow velocity value that can cause fish to produce a tactic response. The tactic response is indicated by the change in the direction of fish movement. The ability to overcome current is divided into three categories according to the different intrinsic movement metabolism patterns of fish and the different apparent movement durations, which are expressed in terms of speed: continuous swimming speed, endurance swimming speed and burst swimming speed; Sustained swimming speed: fish can maintain sustained swimming mode for a considerable period of time without feeling fatigue, and the duration is calculated as >200min; Endurance swimming speed: The endurance swimming speed of fish is between the sustained swimming speed and the surging swimming speed, which can be maintained for 20s~200min and ends with fatigue; Burst swimming speed is the maximum speed that fish can reach, and it is maintained for a very short time, <20s.

6. The method for testing the swimming ability of fish according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the test method, the burst swimming ability is divided into burst swimming speed and sprint swimming speed; Among them, burst swimming speed refers to the maximum swimming speed that fish can reach in a very short time <2s; The sprint swimming speed refers to the maximum swimming speed that fish can reach in a short period of time (<20s).

7. The method for testing the swimming ability of fish according to claim 5, characterized in that: The test method includes: Using a horseshoe-shaped swimming pool, fish move in a specific swimming area, artificially control the water flow speed, and calculate the fish swimming speed and water flow speed based on the water flow speed; For individuals, place the test fish alone in the still water of the tank, and then gradually increase the flow rate until the test fish turns to the countercurrent direction. At this time, the flow rate is the induced flow rate of the individual test fish; Increasing flow rate method: Before starting the experiment, the fish body length and weight were tested and the fish were placed in the swimming area of ​​the experimental device. The initial flow rate of the experimental device was set to 1 bl / s, bl was the body length of the fish, the flow gradient was 1 bl / s, and the time gradient was 15min; The dissolved oxygen and temperature were tested every 5 minutes. When the fish were tired, they were removed from the sealed area and their weight was tested. The criteria for judging fish fatigue were: the fish reached the end grid of the swimming area and could not swim. Since the fish always swims in the swimming zone, it is assumed that the swimming speed of the fish is equal to the water flow speed; The critical swimming speed Ucrit is calculated as Ucrit=Up+(tf / ti)×Ut. Where: Up (bl / s) is the swimming speed of the fish during the entire time period. Ut (bl / s) is the velocity gradient, tf (min) is the time it takes for the fish to accelerate to fatigue for the last time. ti(min) is the time gradient; Since the cross-sectional area of ​​the fish is smaller than 10% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the swimming zone, the retention effect is neglected, i.e., there is no need to correct the critical swimming speed; Sustained swimming speed range, 0~80% critical swimming speed; Endurance swimming speed range, 80% critical swimming speed ~ rush speed; Burst swimming speed range, thrust speed ~10bl / s body length / sec.

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