Antenna structure

Abstract

The present invention provides an antenna structure, which includes an antenna housing and an antenna device arranged inside the antenna housing, the antenna device includes a bottom plate and N antennas arranged on the bottom plate, N is an integer greater than 4 and less than 9, the upper surface of the bottom plate is respectively provided with first to eighth positions, the N antennas are respectively placed at N positions from the first position to the eighth position, no more than one antenna is placed at each position, and the working frequency band of the antenna includes at least one of the following: 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, WiFi and V2X frequency bands. By setting eight positions for placing N antennas on the bottom plate, each of the N antennas can select any one of the eight positions during the placement process, which increases the flexibility of antenna placement. At the same time, the antenna can be compatible with the communication effects of 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, WiFi and V2X, and antennas with different working frequency bands can be selected in different usage environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna structure. Background Art

[0002] An antenna is a device used to transmit or receive radio waves and is widely used in systems such as radio and television, point-to-point radio communications, radar, and space exploration.

[0003] In order to ensure the isolation between antennas, most existing multi-band antennas are achieved by increasing the size of the antenna and occupying more space, resulting in an antenna structure that is not compact enough and low space utilization. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide an antenna structure to solve the problem that the multi-band antenna structure in the prior art is not compact enough and has low space utilization.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] An antenna structure includes an antenna housing and an antenna device arranged inside the antenna housing, wherein the antenna device includes a bottom plate and N antennas arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate, where N is an integer greater than 4 and less than 9, wherein:

[0007] The bottom plate has a first side and a second side opposite to each other, a third side and a fourth side opposite to each other, a first connecting line connecting the third side and the fourth side, and a first plane passing through the first connecting line and perpendicular to the bottom plate;

[0008] The upper surface of the bottom plate is respectively provided with first to eighth positions, and the N antennas are respectively placed at N positions from the first position to the eighth position, and no more than one antenna is placed at each position;

[0009] The first position is adjacent to the intersection of the first side and the third side, the second position is adjacent to the intersection of the first side and the fourth side, and the third position is adjacent to the first side and located between the first position and the second position;

[0010] The fourth position is adjacent to the intersection of the second side and the third side, the fifth position is adjacent to the intersection of the second side and the fourth side, and the sixth position is adjacent to the second side and located between the fourth position and the fifth position;

[0011] The seventh position is adjacent to the third side and is located between the first position and the fourth position, and the eighth position is adjacent to the fourth side and is located between the second position and the fifth position;

[0012] When the antenna is placed at the first position, the second position, the fourth position, and the fifth position, the antenna is parallel or approximately parallel to the first plane; when the antenna is placed at the third position, the sixth position, the seventh position, and the eighth position, the antenna is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the first connecting line;

[0013] The operating frequency band of the antenna includes at least one of the following: 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, WiFi and V2X frequency bands.

[0014] The beneficial effect of this technical solution is that by setting eight positions for placing N antennas on the bottom plate, each of the N antennas can select any one of the eight positions during the placement process, thereby increasing the flexibility of antenna placement. The eight positions are all adjacent to the four edges of the bottom plate, and a certain distance is maintained between each position. Under the premise of ensuring isolation, the antenna structure is made more compact, the bottom plate space is fully utilized, and the layout is more reasonable.

[0015] In some optional embodiments, the operating frequency bands of the N antennas include 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, WiFi and V2X frequency bands. The beneficial effect of this technical solution is that the antenna can achieve communication effects compatible with 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, WiFi and V2X, and antennas with different operating frequency bands can be selected in different usage environments.

[0016] In some optional embodiments, the number of the antennas is 8, of which 4 antennas operate at 5G frequency bands and the other 4 antennas operate at 4G frequency bands. The beneficial effect of this technical solution is that the antenna can achieve a communication effect compatible with 4G and 5G.

[0017] In some optional embodiments, the number of the antennas is 8, of which 4 antennas operate at 5G frequency bands and the other 4 antennas operate at WiFi frequency bands. The beneficial effect of this technical solution is that the antenna can achieve a communication effect compatible with 5G and WiFi.

[0018] In some optional embodiments, the antenna includes a substrate and a radiator disposed on the substrate, the upper portion of the radiator is close to the upper end of the substrate, the lower portion of the radiator is approximately a parabola opening upward, and the lower portion of the radiator is adjacent to the lower end of the substrate and is provided with a radiating arm extending downward. The technical solution has the beneficial effect of reducing the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna, increasing the isolation between antennas, and improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna.

[0019] In some optional embodiments, the bottom plate is a rectangular bottom plate, and the aspect ratio of the bottom plate is between 2: 1 and 1: 1. The beneficial effect of this technical solution is that the layout of N antennas on the bottom plate can be more reasonable, meeting the isolation requirements between antennas.

[0020] In some optional embodiments, the length-to-width ratio of the bottom plate is between 5:3 and 4:3. The beneficial effect of this technical solution is that the isolation between antennas can be improved, and the antenna main body structure is more compact.

[0021] In some optional embodiments, the length of the bottom plate is 400 mm and the width is 260 mm. The beneficial effect of this technical solution is that, under the premise of ensuring the isolation between antennas, the antenna main body structure is further improved to make it more compact.

[0022] In some optional embodiments, the antenna device further includes a positioning module, a first WiFi antenna, and a second WiFi antenna disposed on the upper surface of the bottom plate, the positioning module is adjacent to the center of the bottom plate, the first WiFi antenna is parallel or approximately parallel to the first plane and is located between the seventh position and the positioning module, and the second WiFi antenna is parallel or approximately parallel to the first plane and is located between the eighth position and the positioning module. The beneficial effect of this technical solution is that the positioning module can provide positioning services, and the WiFi antenna can provide backup wireless network communication services.

[0023] In some optional embodiments, the antenna structure is a rail transit antenna. The beneficial effect of this technical solution is that the antenna structure is applicable to subways, light rails, high-speed railways or other rail transit vehicles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna radiator and an antenna substrate provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a voltage standing wave ratio test result diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a diagram of isolation test results between a first antenna and a second antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Among them: 10, bottom plate; 101, first side; 102, second side; 103, third side; 104, fourth side; 105, first connecting line; 11, first antenna; 111, substrate; 112, radiator; 12, second antenna; 13, third antenna; 14, fourth antenna; 15, fifth antenna; 16, sixth antenna; 17, seventh antenna; 18, eighth antenna; 20, positioning module; 21, first WiFi antenna; 22, second WiFi antenna; 30, antenna housing; 31, coaxial line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. It should be noted that, under the premise of no conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form a new embodiment.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna structure, which includes an antenna housing 30 and an antenna device arranged inside the antenna housing 30. The antenna housing 30 may be made of plastic material, such as ABS or PC. The antenna structure is particularly used as a rail transit antenna, and is suitable for subways, light rails, high-speed railways or other rail transit vehicles.

[0032] The antenna device includes a base plate 10 and N antennas arranged on the upper surface of the base plate 10, where N is an integer greater than 4 and less than 9. The base plate 10 has a first side 101 and a second side 102 opposite to each other, a third side 103 and a fourth side 104 opposite to each other, a first connecting line 105 connecting the third side 103 and the fourth side 104, and a first plane passing through the first connecting line 105 and perpendicular to the base plate 10. Specifically, the base plate 10 can be a base plate 10 with a regular shape, and the first connecting line 105 can be the central axis of the base plate 10. The base plate 10 can also be a PCB (Printed Circuit Board, also known as a printed circuit board, which is a support for electronic components and a carrier for electrical connection of electronic components) board, such as a double-sided FR-4 board.

[0033] The upper surface of the base plate 10 is provided with first to eighth positions respectively, and N antennas are placed at N positions from the first to eighth positions respectively, with no more than one antenna placed at each position, and the number of antennas placed can be adjusted according to the specific use environment.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first position is adjacent to the intersection of the first side 101 and the third side 103, the second position is adjacent to the intersection of the first side 101 and the fourth side 104, the third position is adjacent to the first side 101 and is located between the first position and the second position, the fourth position is adjacent to the intersection of the second side 102 and the third side 103, the fifth position is adjacent to the intersection of the second side 102 and the fourth side 104, the sixth position is adjacent to the second side 102 and is located between the fourth position and the fifth position, the seventh position is adjacent to the third side 103 and is located between the first position and the fourth position, and the eighth position is adjacent to the fourth side 104 and is located between the second position and the fifth position. By setting eight positions for placing N antennas on the bottom plate 10, each of the N antennas can select any one of the eight positions during the placement process, which increases the flexibility of antenna placement; the eight positions are adjacent to the four edges of the bottom plate 10, and a certain distance is maintained between each position, which increases the isolation between antennas and makes the overall layout reasonable.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, when the antenna is placed at the first position, the second position, the fourth position, and the fifth position, the antenna may be parallel or approximately parallel to the first plane, and when the antenna is placed at the third position, the sixth position, the seventh position, and the eighth position, the antenna may be perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the first connecting line 105. Through the above-mentioned placement of the antenna, the antenna is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the antenna at the adjacent position during the placement process, thereby increasing the isolation between the antennas and reducing the mutual influence between the antennas.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, the base plate 10 may be a rectangular base plate 10. Specifically, the aspect ratio of the base plate 10 may be between 2:1 and 1:1. The first side 101 and the second side 102 may be the longer sides of the base plate 10. By setting the base plate 10 to the above-mentioned form, the layout of N antennas on the base plate 10 can be more reasonable, thereby meeting the isolation requirements between the antennas.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, the length-to-width ratio of the bottom plate 10 may be between 5:3 and 4:3. Specifically, the length of the bottom plate 10 may be 400 mm, the width may be 260 mm, and the height may be 84 mm. By providing the bottom plate 10 of the above shape, the isolation between the antennas can be better, and the antenna main body structure is more compact.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, the operating frequency bands of the N antennas include at least one of the following: 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, WiFi, and V2X bands. Specifically, the operating frequency bands of the N antennas may include six frequency bands, namely, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, WiFi, and V2X bands, which are 698-7200MHz. Among them, the 5G frequency band may be the 5G FR1 frequency band of all countries and regions in the world. By setting the antenna in the above form, the antenna can achieve a communication effect compatible with 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, WiFi, and V2X, and antennas with different operating frequency bands can be selected in different usage environments.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, the number of antennas may be 8, i.e., N=8, and the N antennas include a first antenna 11 to an eighth antenna 18, wherein the operating frequency bands of four antennas may be 5G frequency bands, which are used for 5G MIMO (i.e., Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, multiple-input multiple-output technology, which refers to the use of multiple transmitting antennas and receiving antennas at the transmitting end and the receiving end respectively, and the signals are transmitted and received through the multiple antennas at the transmitting end and the receiving end, thereby improving the communication quality), and the operating frequency bands of the other four antennas may be 4G frequency bands, which are used for 4G MIMO. By setting the antennas in the above-mentioned form, the antennas can achieve communication effects compatible with 4G and 5G, while improving the communication quality.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, the number of antennas may be 8, i.e., N=8, and the N antennas include a first antenna 11 to an eighth antenna 18, wherein the operating frequency bands of 4 antennas may be 5G frequency bands for use in 5G MIMO, and the operating frequency bands of the other 4 antennas may be WiFi frequency bands for use in WiFi MIMO. By setting the antennas in the above-mentioned form, the antennas can achieve communication effects compatible with 5G and WiFi, while improving the communication quality.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figures 3 to 5 The antenna includes a substrate 111 and a radiator 112 arranged on the substrate 111, the upper part of the radiator 112 is close to the upper end of the substrate 111, the lower part of the radiator 112 is approximately a parabola opening upward, and the lower part of the radiator 112 is adjacent to the lower end of the substrate 111 and is provided with a radiating arm extending downward. By setting the antenna in the above form, the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna can be reduced, the isolation between antennas can be increased, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna can be improved, and the radiation efficiency is greater than 50%.

[0042] In a specific implementation, the number of antennas may be 8, i.e., N=8, the N antennas include the first antenna 11 to the eighth antenna 18, the operating frequency bands of the N antennas may include six frequency bands, namely, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, WiFi, and V2X, which are 698-7200 MHz. A network analyzer is used to test any antenna, and the voltage standing wave of the antenna is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, it can be seen that within the working frequency band of the antenna, the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna is less than 3.0, and less than 2.0 in the rest of the frequency bands except the edge of the frequency band. In the figure: Tr1 refers to track 1, S11 refers to the forward reflection channel, SWR refers to the Y-axis display standing wave ratio, the X-axis displays the frequency, Ref refers to the reference standing wave ratio, Start is the starting frequency, Stop is the ending frequency, and IFBW is the intermediate frequency bandwidth, which refers to the bandwidth of the intermediate frequency filter inside the network analyzer receiver.

[0043] Select any two adjacent antennas for isolation test, such as the first antenna 11 and the second antenna 12. The isolation between the antennas is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, it can be seen that the isolation of the antenna in the low frequency band, such as 698-960MHz, is greater than 10dB, and the isolation of the antenna in the other frequency bands is greater than 20dB. In the figure: Tr2 refers to track 2, S12 refers to the reverse transmission channel, Log Mag refers to the Y-axis displaying the amplitude in logarithmic form, the X-axis displays the frequency, Ref refers to the reference amplitude, Start is the starting frequency, Stop is the ending frequency, and IFBW is the intermediate frequency bandwidth, which refers to the bandwidth of the intermediate frequency filter inside the network analyzer receiver. The isolation between other antennas will be higher because the distance between them is not less than the distance between the first antenna 11 and the second antenna 12. Figure 5 The isolation between the first antenna 11 and the second antenna 12 is shown to be greater.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present invention, the substrate 111 can be a double-sided FR-4 board, the antenna can be in an ultra-wideband form, and the antenna can also be fed using a microstrip line feeding method. By setting the antenna in the above form, the antenna can have a wider frequency band and better electrical performance.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figure 2 The antenna device may further include a positioning module 20, a first WiFi antenna 21 and a second WiFi antenna 22 arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate 10. Specifically, the positioning module 20 may be a GNSS antenna, and the GNSS antenna may be a dual-feed antenna. The operating frequency band of the positioning module 20 may include GPS L1, Beidou B1 and Glonass G1 frequency bands, which are 1559-1610 MHz. By arranging the positioning module and the WiFi antenna on the bottom plate 10, the positioning module may provide positioning services, and the WiFi antenna may provide backup wireless network communication services.

[0046] In some embodiments of the present invention, continue to refer to Figure 2 The positioning module 20 is located near the center of the base plate 10, the first WiFi antenna 21 is parallel or approximately parallel to the first plane and is located between the seventh position and the positioning module 20, the second WiFi antenna 22 is parallel or approximately parallel to the first plane and is located between the eighth position and the positioning module 20. Specifically, the operating frequency band of the WiFi antenna can be 2.4-2.5GHz or 5.15-5.85GHz. By setting the positioning module 20 near the center of the base plate 10, the symmetry is good, and the circular polarization performance of the positioning module 20 can be improved. The WiFi antenna is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the adjacent antennas, which can enhance the isolation between the WiFi antenna and the N antennas.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The antenna device may also include a radio frequency connector and a coaxial line 31. The bottom plate 10 is provided with a through hole for the coaxial line 31 to pass through. Specifically, the radio frequency connector may be any one of FAKRA, SMA, SMB, and IPEX. The radio frequency connector may establish an electrical connection with other external devices. In a specific embodiment, the radio frequency connector is an SMA connector, and the N antennas, the WiFi antenna, and the positioning module 20 disposed on the bottom plate 10 are connected to the coaxial line 31 through the radio frequency connector.

[0048] The present invention is explained from the viewpoints of purpose of use, efficiency, progress and novelty, and its practical progress meets the functional enhancement and use requirements emphasized by the Patent Law. The above description and drawings of the present invention are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Therefore, all structures, devices, features, etc. that are similar or identical to the present invention, that is, all equivalent replacements or modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention, should fall within the scope of protection of the patent application of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna structure, characterized in that: The antenna structure includes an antenna housing and an antenna device arranged inside the antenna housing, and the antenna device includes a bottom plate and N antennas arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate, where N is an integer greater than 4 and less than 9, wherein: The bottom plate has a first side and a second side opposite to each other, a third side and a fourth side opposite to each other, a first connecting line connecting the third side and the fourth side, and a first plane passing through the first connecting line and perpendicular to the bottom plate; The bottom plate is a rectangular bottom plate; The upper surface of the bottom plate is respectively provided with first to eighth positions, and the N antennas are respectively placed at N positions from the first to the eighth positions, and no more than one antenna is placed at each position; The first position is adjacent to the intersection of the first side and the third side, the second position is adjacent to the intersection of the first side and the fourth side, and the third position is adjacent to the first side and located between the first position and the second position; The fourth position is adjacent to the intersection of the second side and the third side, the fifth position is adjacent to the intersection of the second side and the fourth side, and the sixth position is adjacent to the second side and located between the fourth position and the fifth position; The seventh position is adjacent to the third side and between the first position and the fourth position, and the eighth position is adjacent to the fourth side and between the second position and the fifth position; so that the eight positions are adjacent to the four edges of the bottom plate, and a certain distance is maintained between each position; When the antenna is placed at the first position, the second position, the fourth position and the fifth position, the antenna is parallel or approximately parallel to the first plane; when the antenna is placed at the third position, the sixth position, the seventh position and the eighth position, the antenna is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the first connecting line, so that the antenna is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the antenna at the adjacent position during the placement process; The operating frequency band of the antenna includes at least one of the following: 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, WiFi and V2X frequency bands.

2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating frequency bands of the N antennas include 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, WiFi and V2X frequency bands.

3. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the antennas is 8, of which 4 antennas operate at 5G frequency bands, and the other 4 antennas operate at 4G frequency bands.

4. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the antennas is 8, of which 4 antennas operate at 5G frequency bands, and the other 4 antennas operate at WiFi frequency bands.

5. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna includes a substrate and a radiator arranged on the substrate, the upper part of the radiator is close to the upper end of the substrate, the lower part of the radiator is approximately a parabola opening upward, and the lower part of the radiator is adjacent to the lower end of the substrate and is provided with a radiating arm extending downward.

6. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length-to-width ratio of the base plate is between 2:1 and 1:

1.

7. The antenna structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The aspect ratio of the base plate is between 5:3 and 4:

3.

8. The antenna structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The length of the bottom plate is 400 mm and the width is 260 mm.

9. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna device also includes a positioning module, a first WiFi antenna and a second WiFi antenna arranged on the upper surface of the base plate, the positioning module is adjacent to the center of the base plate, the first WiFi antenna is parallel or approximately parallel to the first plane and is located between the seventh position and the positioning module, and the second WiFi antenna is parallel or approximately parallel to the first plane and is located between the eighth position and the positioning module.

10. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna structure is a rail transit antenna.

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