A disaster simulation device and experimental method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a simulated disaster device and an experimental method, which relate to the field of building structure experimental devices and methods. The key points of the technical solution include a reaction force stand, which is a groove-type test stand; the groove-type test stand is provided with a placement component for placing a test piece and surrounding the test piece, and the groove-type test stand includes groove rails located on both sides of the placement component; the groove rails are also provided with a detachable load component, the load component includes a support component connected to the groove rails and a load component bolted to the support component; the support component is provided with anchor bolts and is anchored to the reaction force stand; the load component is connected with a downward pressing device for applying pressure to the top of the test piece in the placement component, and a reaction force is generated after the downward pressing device acts on the test piece, and the reaction force is transmitted to the reaction force stand through the support component, and the technical effect is that the reaction force generated when pressure is applied to the test piece can be balanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of earthquake-resistant experimental equipment, and in particular to a disaster simulation device and an experimental method. Background Art

[0002] In order to study the response of the structure under the action of earthquake, corresponding experimental research is essential. The earthquake resistance test recorded in the "Building Seismic Test Code" mainly includes four test sections, namely, quasi-static test, quasi-dynamic test, simulated earthquake vibration table test and on-site structural dynamic characteristics test. At present, there are various devices produced on the market for quasi-dynamic test and simulated earthquake vibration table test, but there are few experimental devices for quasi-static test.

[0003] The existing experimental device for quasi-static test cannot balance the reaction force generated by the test piece when pressure is applied, which leads to errors and inaccuracies in the experimental results. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a disaster simulation device and an experimental method, which have the advantage of being able to balance the reaction force generated when a test piece is pressed.

[0005] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A disaster simulation device includes a reaction platform, which is a groove test platform; the groove test platform is provided with a storage component for placing a test piece and surrounding the test piece, and the groove test platform includes groove rails located on both sides of the storage component; the groove rails are also provided with a detachable load component, the load component includes a support component connected to the groove rails and a load component bolted to the support component; the support component is provided with anchor bolts and anchored to the reaction platform; the load component is connected to a downward pressure device for applying pressure to the top of the test piece in the storage component, and the downward pressure device generates a reaction force after acting on the test piece, and the reaction force is transmitted to the reaction platform through the support component.

[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, the load assembly, the slot test bench, the downward pressure device and the anchor bolts form a vertical reaction force device. At the same time, the vertical reaction force device has sufficient rigidity, bearing capacity and stability, and the vertical reaction force device does not change the stress state of the specimen. Therefore, when the downward pressure device applies force to the specimen, the downward pressure device transfers the reaction force to the support component. The support component is anchored to the slot test bench through the anchor bolts, so that the support component transfers the reaction force to the slot test bench. Through the anchoring of the anchor bolts, not only can the load assembly be prevented from shifting during the experiment and causing inaccurate experimental results, but the reaction force can also be concentratedly transferred to the slot test bench. The slot test bench is suitable for components with larger experimental tonnage, so the slot test bench can balance the reaction force generated when the load is applied to the specimen, so that the test results are more accurate.

[0008] Further configuration: the storage assembly includes a bottom steel plate placed on the trough test bench, a protective component that provides support for the test piece after rupture, and a reinforcing component that reinforces the protective component; the protective component is connected above the bottom steel plate.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the protective component and the reinforcement component can provide a better supporting effect on the broken specimen.

[0010] Further configuration: the protective component includes a steel plate fence arranged on the bottom steel plate, and an opening window is provided on the steel plate fence; the reinforcement component includes a plurality of reinforcement plates arranged on the steel plate fence.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the steel plate fence and the reinforcement plate not only have good support, but also have better economic performance; the opening window is convenient for observing the internal situation of the steel plate fence.

[0012] Further configuration: the support component includes a bottom fixing plate on the groove rail, at least three bottom frame columns are connected to the bottom fixing plate, and an upper fixing plate is connected to the bottom frame column; a plurality of upper frame columns are connected to the upper fixing plate, and a top connecting plate is connected to the upper frame column; threaded holes are provided on both sides of the top connecting plate.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the support component has sufficient rigidity, bearing capacity and stability through the arrangement of the bottom frame column and the upper frame column, plays a good supporting role, and will not change the stress state of the specimen; the threaded hole can facilitate the connection with the load component.

[0014] It is further configured that: the bottom fixing plate, the upper fixing plate and the top connecting plate are made of steel plates; the bottom frame column and the upper frame column are made of Q235H steel.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, Q235H steel has the advantages of high structural strength, light structural weight and high structural stability.

[0016] Further configuration: the anchor bolt is a movable anchor bolt, and the material of the movable anchor bolt is Q235 steel; one end of the anchor bolt embedded in the groove rail is J-shaped or L-shaped, and the other end is fastened to the bottom fixing plate.

[0017] By adopting the above technical scheme, the movable anchor bolt is a detachable anchor bolt, which is convenient for fixing heavy mechanical equipment with strong vibration and impact at work; the movable anchor bolt is made of Q235 steel, which is convenient for making threads; the end of the movable anchor bolt buried in the groove rail is J-shaped or L-shaped, and the movable anchor bolt and the groove rail are more stable. The force is concentratedly transmitted to the groove type test bench through the movable anchor bolt, so that the reaction force generated by the support component during the experiment can be balanced by the groove type test bench, and the support component is anchored by the movable anchor bolt, which can also prevent the load component from being offset and reduce the experimental error.

[0018] Further configuration: the load component includes a crossbeam, and a number of columns are connected at both ends of the crossbeam; there are reinforcement support plates on both sides of the bottom end of the column, and connecting steel plates are connected on both sides of the upper end of the reinforcement support plates; the connecting steel plates are connected with bolts, and nuts are connected to the bolts in the threaded holes.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the arrangement of the crossbeam and the column makes the load component have sufficient rigidity, bearing capacity and stability. At the same time, the reinforcement support plates are arranged on both sides of the column to make the contact area between the column and the top connecting plate larger, so that the reaction force received by the load bracket can be concentratedly transmitted to the support component and when the load component is connected to the support component by bolts, the structure of the load component is made more stable, and at the same time, the stress state of the specimen is not changed, thereby reducing the experimental error.

[0020] Further configuration: the crossbeam is made of Q235H steel; the columns and reinforcement support plates are made of channel steel.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, Q235H steel has the advantages of high structural strength, light structural weight and high structural stability; channel steel has the advantage of changing the force structure of the object.

[0022] Further configuration: the pressing device includes a test machine and a fixing component for fixing the test machine to the crossbeam; the test machine includes a loading jack and an oil pump console; the fixing component includes a first connecting plate connected to the upper end of the test machine, a plurality of studs are connected to the first connecting plate, and the studs are connected to a second connecting plate.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the experimental machine can be fixed at any position of the beam according to the experimental needs and has sufficient load-bearing capacity safety reserve.

[0024] Another object of the present invention is to provide an experimental method for simulating a disaster device.

[0025] S1. Preparation stage.

[0026] S1.1 Place the specimen on the bottom steel plate and locate the specimen at the midpoint in the length direction;

[0027] S2. Adjustment phase:

[0028] S2.1 According to the location of the specimen, slide the test machine in the width direction to determine the test midpoint;

[0029] S2.2 Secure the testing machine to the load component using the fixings.

[0030] S3 Experimental Phase:

[0031] S3.1 Slowly perform push-over analysis or reciprocating cyclic loading pressure on the specimen using the preset loading history of the test machine;

[0032] S3.2 Observe the experimental process through the opening window and record the experimental data.

[0033] S4 Ending Phase:

[0034] After the experiment, turn off the experimental machine.

[0035] By using this experimental method and this simulated disaster device, the experimental data can be made more accurate.

[0036] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. The storage component can provide a support when the specimen falls to the surroundings after breaking, preventing the broken specimen from injuring the experimenter and ensuring safety during the experiment.

[0038] 2. When the specimen is too large to be placed directly in the storage component, the specimen can be placed in the storage component through the detachable connection of the load component; at the same time, when no experiment is performed, the load component can be separated from the support component and placed on one side to avoid fatigue damage and deformation of the steel in the support component when no experiment is performed. It is also convenient to check whether the steel in the load component has fatigue damage and deformation, thereby reducing the occurrence of experimental errors.

[0039] 3. The movable anchor bolt is a detachable anchor bolt, so according to the height of the specimen, the support components of different heights can be replaced to adapt to the height of the specimen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of this embodiment;

[0041] Figure 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of this embodiment;

[0042] In the figure, 1. trough test bench; 10. storage assembly; 11. bottom steel plate; 12. protection component; 13. reinforcement component; 121. steel plate fence; 122. opening window; 131. reinforcement plate; 20. load assembly; 21. support component; 22. load component; 3. trough rail; 211. bottom fixing plate; 212. bottom frame column; 213. anchor bolt; 214. upper frame column; 215. top connecting plate; 216. upper fixing plate; 217. bolt hole; 221. cross beam; 222. channel steel; 223. reinforcement support plate; 224. connecting steel plate; 225. bolt; 226. nut; 31. test machine; 321. first connecting plate; 322. stud; 323. second connecting plate; 32. fixing component; 30. pressing device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0044] A preferred implementation:

[0045] A disaster simulation device and experimental method, such as Figure 1 As shown, a simulated disaster device includes a reaction pedestal for balancing the reaction force generated by the load applied to the specimen. The reaction pedestal is arranged on the ground in the laboratory and is a concrete structure. The reaction pedestal in the device is a groove test pedestal 1. The design value of the pull-out resistance of the groove test pedestal is 500KN / m. The thickness of the groove test pedestal is 2m. The groove test pedestal 1 is suitable for testing components with larger tonnage and the loading point position of the test can be arbitrarily changed along the groove direction of the pedestal.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, there is a placement component 10 on the trough test bench 1 for placing and surrounding the test piece, and the placement component 10 includes a bottom steel plate 11 arranged on the trough test bench 1, a protective component 12 to prevent the test piece from falling to the surroundings after breaking, and a reinforcing component 13 to reinforce the protective component 12.

[0047] The protective component 12 includes a steel plate fence 121 arranged around the bottom steel plate 11. The steel plate fence 121 is welded to the bottom steel plate 11 around. The steel plate fence 121 can prevent broken pieces from injuring people and disrupting the experimental environment when the specimen collapses during the experiment. During the experiment, the experimental process can be observed and monitored through an opening window 122 on the steel plate fence 121. The opening window 122 is on one side of the steel plate fence 121, and the opening window 122 is vertically arranged to penetrate the steel plate fence 121, so that all conditions inside the steel plate fence 121 can be observed.

[0048] The reinforcement member 13 includes a plurality of reinforcement plates 131 (in Figure 2 As shown in FIG. 1 , the reinforcement plates on the four sides of the steel plate fence 121 are welded to form a rectangle.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the slot test bench 1 is provided with a load assembly 20, so that the test piece can be easily placed in the protective component 12 through the load assembly 20. The load assembly 20 includes a support component 21 connected to both sides of the slot test bench 1 and a load component 20 detachably connected to the support component 21.

[0050] like Figure 2As shown, the support component 21 is arranged on the groove rails 3 on both sides of the groove test bench 1. The groove rails 3 are longitudinal multi-span continuous frame structures made of steel sections and buried in the concrete of the groove test bench. The design value of the groove rails 3 is q=400KN / m. The support component 21 includes a bottom fixing plate 211 on each side of the groove rail 3, the bottom fixing plate 211 is placed along the groove direction, and the material of the bottom fixing plate 211 is Q235 steel plate; at least three bottom frame columns 212 are connected to the bottom fixing plate 211, the material of the bottom frame column 212 is Q235H steel, and the bottom frame column 212 and the bottom fixing plate 211 are connected by welding; the bottom frame columns 212 are connected to both ends of the bottom fixing plate 211, and the remaining bottom frame columns 212 are evenly placed in the middle of the bottom frame columns 212 at both ends, so that the bottom frame columns 212 can better balance the force; the upper end of the bottom frame column 212 is connected to an upper fixing plate 216, the upper fixing plate 216 has the same shape as the bottom fixing plate, the material of the upper fixing plate 216 is Q235 steel plate, and the upper fixing plate 216 and the bottom frame column 212 are connected by welding, so that the support component 21 has a stable lower support. The upper fixing plate 216 is symmetrically connected to two upper frame columns 214 along the groove direction. The upper frame column 214 and the upper fixing plate 216 are connected by welding. The material of the upper frame column 214 is Q235H steel. There is a top connecting plate 215 on the upper frame column 214. The two ends of the top connecting plate 215 are respectively connected to the upper frame column 214. The material of the top connecting plate 215 is Q235 steel plate. The two ends of the top connecting plate 215 are connected to the upper frame column 214 by welding. The top connecting plate 215 is symmetrically provided with threaded holes, so that the support component 21 has a trapezoidal structure, which has better stability and can concentrate the force to be transmitted to the lower support. There are at least two anchor bolts 213 on the groove rail 3, and the anchor bolts 213 are connected to the groove rail 3 by anchoring; the bottom fixing plate 211 is bolted to the groove rail 3 by the anchor bolts 213, and the anchor bolts 213 are symmetrically arranged along the groove direction on the bottom fixing plate 211; the anchor bolts 213 are a kind of movable anchor bolts, which are a kind of detachable anchor bolts, which are convenient for fixing heavy mechanical equipment with strong vibration and impact at work. The movable anchor bolt is made of Q235 steel, d=65mm, which is convenient for making threads. One end of the movable anchor bolt buried in the groove rail 3 is J-shaped or L-shaped, so that the groove rail 3 anchors the support component 21, so that the reaction force generated by the load applied to the support component 21 during the experiment can be balanced by the groove test bench 1, so that the experimental results are more accurate.

[0051] The load component 22 includes a crossbeam 221, the material of the crossbeam 221 is Q235H steel, and the crossbeam span L=1.5m; the two ends of the crossbeam 221 are vertically fixedly connected to the tops of two groups of columns 222, the material of the columns 222 is channel steel, and two columns 222 symmetrically arranged along the groove direction relative to the crossbeam 221 are a group, so that the load component 22 has better stability; the bottom of each group of columns 222 has reinforcement support plates 223 on both sides along the groove direction, and the reinforcement support plates 223 are made of channel steel; the reinforcement support plates 223 are symmetrically arranged relative to the columns 222 in the vertical direction, and the reinforcement support plates 223 and the columns 22 The connection method is welding, so that each group of columns 222 is more stable and has a larger contact area with the top connecting plate 215; the columns 222 are symmetrically provided with connecting steel plates 224 on both sides along the groove direction, the connecting steel plates 224 are against the columns 222, and the connecting steel plates 224 are fixed to the two ends of the reinforcing support plate 223, and the reinforcing support plate 223 is fixed with bolts 225, and the bolts 225 are connected with nuts 226. The bolts 225 can pass through the bolt holes 217 and are threadedly connected with the nuts 226, so that the load component 22 can be connected to the support component 21, so that the load assembly 20 is more evenly stressed as a whole.

[0052] Q235H steel has the advantages of high structural strength, light weight and high structural stability; channel steel has the advantage of changing the force structure of objects.

[0053] The crossbeam 221 is provided with a pressing device 30 for simulating a disaster system for testing. The pressing device 30 includes a test machine 31 (on Figure 1 ) and a fixing component 32 that can fix the experimental machine 31 at any position of the crossbeam 221. The experimental machine 31 includes a loading jack and an oil pump console, and the maximum applied pressure value of the loading jack is 200 (t). The fixing component 32 includes a first connecting plate 321 connected to the jack, and a second connecting plate 323 is slidably connected to the crossbeam 221. The first connecting plate 321 and the second connecting plate 323 are connected by a plurality of studs 322, so that the experimental machine 31 can be fixed at any horizontal position of the crossbeam 221, so that the range of experiments that can be performed is wider.

[0054] Design data analysis:

[0055] The load components 20 are all made of Q235 steel. The tensile, compressive and bending design strength values ​​of Q235 steel are f = 200 (N / mm²). After calculation, the maximum allowable load design value P = 2100 (KN). The maximum pressure applied value of the experimental instrument 31 is 200 (t), which meets the experimental requirements.

[0056] The anchor bolt 213 is made of Q235 steel, and the design value of the tensile strength of Q235 steel is ft = 554 (KN). The experimental device uses at least 4 anchor bolts 213. Based on the calculation of at least 4 anchor bolts 213, the maximum load of the experimental machine is 200 (t), and the tensile force borne by each bolt is 500 (KN). 500 (KN) < 554 (KN), which meets the design requirements.

[0057] The design value q of the groove rail 3 is 400 KN / m, which can meet the tensile strength of the anchor bolt 213, thereby balancing the reaction force generated by the test machine 31 when applying the maximum load, making the test result more accurate.

[0058] Each node in the experimental device is welded to make each node a rigid node, so the slope between each component in the load assembly 20 is continuous. At the same time, the experimental device is mainly used for testing vertical static loads. There is no large horizontal load, so there is no need to consider horizontal loads.

[0059] A method for simulating a disaster device experiment.

[0060] S1. Preparation stage:

[0061] S1.1 Place the test piece on the bottom steel plate 11 and determine the midpoint position of the test piece in the length direction;

[0062] The load component 22 is lifted by a crane, and then the bolts 225 are passed through the bolt holes 217 and threadedly engaged with the nuts 226 , so that the load component 22 is connected to the support component 21 .

[0063] S2. Adjustment phase:

[0064] S2.1 According to the location of the test piece, slide the test machine 31 in the width direction to determine the test midpoint;

[0065] S2.2 The first connecting plate 321 and the second connecting plate 323 are fastened to the crossbeam 221 by tightening the studs 322 , so that the testing machine 31 is fixed to the load component 22 through the fixing component 32 .

[0066] S3 Experimental Phase:

[0067] S3.1 Slowly perform push-over analysis or reciprocating cycle loading pressure on the specimen through the preset loading history of the test machine 31;

[0068] S3.2 Observe the experimental process through the opening window 122 and record the experimental data.

[0069] S4 Ending Phase:

[0070] S4.1 Turn off the experimental machine 31 after the experiment.

[0071] The above-mentioned embodiments are merely explanations of the present invention and are not limitations of the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications to the embodiments without any creative contribution as needed. However, such modifications are protected by the patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A disaster simulation device, characterized in that: It includes a reaction pedestal for balancing the reaction force generated by the load applied to the test piece. The reaction pedestal is set on the floor of the laboratory and is a concrete structure. The reaction pedestal in the device is a slot-type test pedestal. The design value of the pull-out resistance of the slot-type test pedestal is 500KN / m. The thickness of the slot-type test pedestal is 2m, and the loading point position of the experiment can be arbitrarily changed along the slot of the pedestal. The slot-type test bench (1) is provided with a placement component (10) for placing a test piece and surrounding the test piece, and the slot-type test bench comprises slot rails (3) located on both sides of the placement component (10); The groove rail (3) is also provided with a detachable load component (20), the load component (20) comprising a support component (21) connected to the groove rail (3) and a load component (22) bolted to the support component (21); The support component (21) is provided with anchor bolts (213) and is anchored to the reaction base; The load component (22) is connected to a pressing device (30) for applying pressure to the top of the test piece in the object assembly, and the pressing device (30) generates a reaction force after acting on the test piece, and the reaction force is transmitted to the reaction force pedestal through the support component (21); The support component (21) comprises a bottom fixing plate (211) on the groove rail (3), at least three bottom frame columns (212) are connected to the bottom fixing plate (211), and an upper fixing plate (216) is connected to the bottom frame column (212); a plurality of upper frame columns (214) are connected to the upper fixing plate (216), and a top connecting plate (215) is connected to the upper frame column (214); threaded holes are provided on both sides of the top connecting plate (215); the load component (22) comprises a crossbeam (221), and a plurality of columns are connected to both ends of the crossbeam (221); reinforcement support plates (223) are provided on both sides of the bottom end of the column, and connection steel plates (224) are connected on both sides of the upper end of the reinforcement support plate (223); bolts (225) are connected to the connection steel plate (224), and nuts (226) are connected between the bolts (225) and the threaded hole bolts (225); The storage assembly (10) comprises a bottom steel plate (11) placed on a trough-type test bench (1), a protective component (12) for providing support for the test piece after rupture, and a reinforcing component (13) for reinforcing the protective component (12); The protective component (12) is connected above the bottom steel plate (11); The protective component (12) comprises a steel plate fence (121) arranged on the bottom steel plate (11), and an opening window (122) is provided on the steel plate fence (121); The reinforcing component (13) comprises a plurality of reinforcing plates (131) arranged on the steel plate fence (121); The anchor bolt (213) is a movable anchor bolt made of Q235 steel; one end of the anchor bolt (213) embedded in the groove rail (3) is in a J shape or an L shape, and the other end is fastened to the bottom fixing plate (211).

2. A disaster simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom fixing plate (211), the upper fixing plate (216) and the top connecting plate (215) are made of steel plates; The bottom frame column (212) and the upper frame column (214) are made of Q235H steel.

3. The disaster simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crossbeam (221) is made of Q235H steel; The upright column and the reinforcing support plate (223) are made of channel steel (222).

4. The disaster simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing device (30) comprises a test machine (31) and a fixing component (32) for fixing the test machine (31) and the crossbeam (221); The experimental machine (31) includes a loading jack and an oil pump console; The fixing component (32) comprises a first connecting plate (321) connected to the upper end of the experimental machine (31), a plurality of studs (322) are connected to the first connecting plate (321), and the studs (322) are connected to a second connecting plate (323).

5. An experimental method using the disaster simulation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: S1. Preparation stage: S1.1 Place the test piece on the bottom steel plate (11) and determine the midpoint position of the test piece in the length direction; S2. Adjustment phase: S2.1 According to the location of the test piece, slide the test machine (31) in the width direction to determine the test midpoint; S2.2 fix the test machine (31) to the load component (22) via the fixing component (32); S3 Experimental Phase: S3.1 Slowly perform push-over analysis or reciprocating cyclic loading pressure on the specimen using a preset loading history of the testing machine (31); S3.2 observe the experimental process through the opening window (122) and record the experimental data; S4 Ending Phase: S4.1 After the experiment, turn off the experimental machine (31).

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