A hollow tic-tac-toe turbulent flow concrete facing block, its mold and forming method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete revetment block, its mold and forming method. The revetment block includes a cross-shaped base block, a first turbulent flow weir, two second turbulent flow weirs, and a drainage groove formed between the first turbulent flow weir and the second turbulent flow weirs. The first turbulent flow weir is located on one side of the cross-shaped base block, and the two second turbulent flow weirs are adjacent and located on the opposite side of the cross-shaped base block. This revetment block has good wave dissipation performance and wide applications. It is suitable for both the revetment of riverbanks and river shores, and the revetment of sloping breakwaters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, and particularly to a hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing block, its mold and forming method. Background Art

[0002] Breakwaters, revetments, etc. play a very important role in harbor and coastal protection projects, and are usually used to maintain the stability of harbor basins and waters and prevent coastal erosion. In port engineering, the cost of breakwaters accounts for about 20%-40%. The hydrodynamic performance of the facing blocks will directly affect the protection effect of the breakwater and determine the stability of the overall structure of the breakwater. Therefore, concrete facing blocks with good stability, small reflection, small wave run-up height, convenient construction and low manufacturing cost are of great significance to breakwater construction. There are about more than 130 existing concrete special-shaped blocks. According to the shape and structure of the concrete special-shaped blocks, they can be divided into rod group type blocks, hollow type blocks, and solid type blocks.

[0003] The working principle of the hollow type block is: through the formation of cavities, internal turbulent energy dissipation and reduction of wave buoyancy are achieved, and the wave upthrust and down-drag force are reduced, thereby stabilizing the block; the protrusions on the top surface and side surface of the block can increase the bite force and surface roughness between the blocks, improve the stability of the facing layer, and reduce the wave run-up. The traditional special-shaped facing blocks have been developed for a long time, but their wave dissipation ability still needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing block in view of the problem of poor wave dissipation ability of the existing hollow type blocks. This facing block has a small self-weight, good wave dissipation performance, and relatively stable structure, and has a significant effect on reducing the wave run-up height and the influence of wave reflection.

[0005] Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a breakwater facing composed of the spliced hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing blocks. As a commonly used wave protection structure in offshore coastal engineering, it is widely used in coastal engineering and has an important position.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a mold for manufacturing the hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing block, and the facing block can be obtained by a casting method.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for processing the hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing block using the mold, which is simple and fast.

[0008] The technical solutions adopted to achieve the object of the present invention are as follows:

[0009] A hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing block, comprising a cross-shaped base block, a first turbulent flow weir, two second turbulent flow weirs, and a drainage channel formed between the first turbulent flow weir and the second turbulent flow weirs. The first turbulent flow weir is located on one side of the cross-shaped base block, and the two second turbulent flow weirs are adjacent to each other and located on the opposite side of the cross-shaped base block. Among them:

[0010] The cross-shaped base block includes a square structure and eight docking blocks fixedly connected thereto. A main groove is formed at the center of the square structure, and drainage pipes communicating with the main groove are formed on all four side walls. A groove with a semi-circular cross-section is formed on the outer side of each docking block;

[0011] The four corners of the square structure are respectively a first node, a second node, a third node, and a fourth node adjacent to each other in sequence. Among them, the first turbulent flow weir is fixed on the top surface of the side wall between the third node and the fourth node, and one of the second turbulent flow weirs is fixed on the top surfaces of the side wall and the docking block connected to the second node, and the other second turbulent flow weir is fixed on the top surfaces of the side wall and the docking block connected to the first node.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the first turbulent flow weir is a frustum of a pyramid structure. The top surface and the bottom surface of the first turbulent flow weir are square, the front and rear two side surfaces are trapezoidal vertical surfaces, and the left and right two side surfaces are square inclined surfaces.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the second turbulent flow weir includes a cuboid located at the corresponding node and four right triangular prism structures respectively located on the corresponding side walls and docking blocks. One right-angled surface of the right triangular prism structure is attached to the side surface of the cuboid, and the inclined surfaces of the right triangular prism structures respectively form the four inclined side surfaces of the second turbulent flow weir.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the drainage pipes are located on the central axes of the side walls of the square structure.

[0015] In the above technical solution, the docking block on the right side of the fourth node, the fourth node, the side wall between the fourth node and the third node, the third node, and the docking block on the left side of the third node are connected in sequence to form the transverse structure of the cross-shaped base block. The docking block in front of the first node, the first node, the side wall between the first node and the fourth node, the fourth node, and the docking block behind the fourth node are connected in sequence to form the longitudinal structure of the cross-shaped base block.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the facing block is a concrete structure or a reinforced concrete structure.

[0017] A mold for processing the hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing block, comprising a base part, a base portion, and four round tubes for fixing the base portion on the base part. Among them:

[0018] The base part includes a flat plate for accommodating the base portion and forming plates respectively hinged on four sides of the flat plate. The shape and size of the forming surface of each forming plate are the same as those of the side wall of the corresponding hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing block. A positioning hole for the round tube to pass through is formed on each forming plate;

[0019] The bottom surface of the base portion is a planar structure matching the flat plate. The base portion includes a fixing frame and a forming portion fixed around the fixing frame. Fixing holes for the round tube to pass through are formed on four surfaces of the fixing frame. The shape and size of the fixing frame are the same as those of the main groove. The shape and size of the forming surface at the top of the forming portion are the same as those of the top of the hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing block.

[0020] The forming method for processing the hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing block by using the mold includes the following steps:

[0021] Step 1, unfold the base part, fix the base part, and place the base portion on the flat plate of the base part;

[0022] Step 2, fold up the four forming plates so that they are perpendicular to the flat plate;

[0023] Step 3, insert the four round tubes one by one into the positioning holes of the forming plates and the fixing holes on the corresponding fixing frames of the forming plates;

[0024] Step 4, apply a release agent inside the base part, outside the base portion, and outside the round tubes;

[0025] Step 5, pour the material

[0026] Step 6, after forming, draw out the round tubes, unfold the four forming plates to be horizontal, and take out the formed hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing block.

[0027] A breakwater facing is formed by splicing the above-mentioned hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing blocks.

[0028] In the above technical solution, the transverse structure of the cross-shaped base block of each hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing block is parallel to the wave crest line. After splicing, all the second turbulent flow dams are adjacent to each other in a straight line in turn, all the first turbulent flow dams are spaced in a straight line, and the semi-circular grooves on two adjacent docking blocks are docked to form a drainage pipeline.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0030] 1. The spoiler rib and the well-shaped base block (longitudinal and transverse structures) of the foundation are cast simultaneously with concrete, with stable structural connection. The self-weight of the structure meets the stability under the wave uplift force, and the connection between structures is stable, capable of withstanding the action of horizontal wave forces.

[0031] 2. Compared with the traditional surface layer, the new surface layer block has a greater roughness. The inclination angle design of the spoiler rib (the protruding part) helps to improve the stability of the surface layer block under the action of waves. In addition, during the rise and fall of the waves, the design of the spoiler rib (protrusion) on the surface layer affects the flow field, introducing more fluid into the main groove (central groove) of the block and discharging it through the pipeline, thus enhancing the wave dissipation performance of the surface layer block.

[0032] 3. The concrete surface layer block of the present invention has a simple structure, is convenient to manufacture, and has a low economic cost; it has a wide range of uses and is suitable for both the surface protection of riverbanks and the surface protection of sloping breakwaters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 Shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the surface layer block of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 Shown is the front view of the surface layer block.

[0035] Figure 3 Shown is the left view of the surface layer block.

[0036] Figure 4 Shown is the top view of the surface layer block.

[0037] Figure 5 Is the arrangement method of the sloping breakwater.

[0038] Figure 6 Is the structural schematic diagram of the sloping breakwater.

[0039] Figure 7 Is the structural schematic diagram of the base part.

[0040] Figure 8 Is the structural schematic diagram of the base part.

[0041] Figure 9 Is the matching structural schematic diagram of the base part and the base part.

[0042] Figure 10 Is the structural schematic diagram of the folded base part.

[0043] Figure 11 Is the structural schematic diagram of the base part, the base part and the round pipe.

[0044] Figure 12 Is the structural schematic diagram of the position of the surface protection on the cross-section of the sloping breakwater.

[0045] In the figure: 1 - first spoiler rib, 2 - second spoiler rib, 3 - docking block, 4 - main groove, 5 - drainage pipe, 6 - groove, 7 - third node, 8 - fourth node, 9 - second spoiler rib, 10 - forming part, 11 - round pipe, 12 - flat plate, 13 - forming plate, 14 - fixing frame, 15 - positioning hole, 16 - fixing hole. Detailed implementation mode

[0046] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0047] In the following embodiments, taking Figure 2 as the standard, the observer faces Figure 2 , with the left side of the observer being the left, the right side of the observer being the right, the side far from the observer being the front, the side close to the observer being the back, the main groove of the grid-shaped base block being the inside, and the outside of the square structure being the outside.

[0048] Embodiment 1

[0049] A hollow grid-shaped spoiler concrete facing block includes a grid-shaped base block, a first spoiler rib 1, two second spoiler ribs, and a diversion groove formed between the first spoiler rib 1 and the second spoiler ribs. The first spoiler rib 1 is located on one side of the grid-shaped base block, and the two second spoiler ribs are adjacent to each other on the opposite side of the grid-shaped base block. Among them:

[0050] The grid-shaped base block includes a square structure and eight docking blocks 3 fixedly connected thereto. A main groove 4 is formed at the center of the square structure, and drainage pipes 5 communicating with the main groove are formed on all four side walls. A groove 6 with a semi-circular cross-section is formed on the outside of each docking block 3;

[0051] The four corners of the square structure are respectively the first node, the second node, the third node 7, and the fourth node 8 adjacent to each other in sequence. Among them, the first spoiler rib 1 is fixed on the top surface of the side wall between the third node 7 and the fourth node 8, and one of the second spoiler ribs 2 is fixed on the top surface of the second node and the side wall and the docking block connected thereto, and the other second spoiler rib 9 is fixed on the top surface of the first node and the side wall and the docking block connected thereto.

[0052] The bottom surface of the hollow grid-shaped spoiler concrete facing block is a flat structure. The main groove is distributed at the center of the structure of the facing block. The main groove and the drainage pipe 5 are connected to form a drainage channel, and the capacity of the main groove meets the requirements of the diversion volume. A water-passing diversion groove is formed between the first spoiler rib and the two adjacent second spoiler ribs.

[0053] The armor block of the present invention has a relatively large surface roughness on the armor layer surface, is easy to stabilize, and reduces the wave run-up height. When the wave climbs along the armor layer, the second spoiler rib is designed to incline towards the shore, which can directly offset part of the wave energy and improve the stability of the armor block at the same time. The fluid passing through the area between the two second spoiler ribs flows into the main channel under the action of the first spoiler rib and flows longitudinally and laterally through the drainage pipes on the four side walls of the pipe, so as to slowly discharge the water body in the main channel. During the wave backflow process, due to the blocking effect of the two second spoiler ribs and the drainage of the drainage groove, the fluid continues to flow into the main channel. During the interaction between the wave and the armor block, a large amount of wave energy is consumed and the wave reflection is further reduced. The side inclination angle, height groove scale, and pipe diameter of the first spoiler rib and the two second spoiler ribs on the armor layer should be determined according to the wave scale and the stability of the armor block.

[0054] Embodiment 2

[0055] As a preferred mode, the first spoiler rib 1 is a frustum of a pyramid structure. The top surface and the bottom surface of the first spoiler rib are square (preferably rectangular), the front and rear two side surfaces are trapezoidal vertical surfaces, and the left and right two side surfaces are square inclined surfaces (preferably rectangular). Preferably, the gradient of the two square inclined surfaces is 2:1.

[0056] As a preferred mode, the second spoiler rib includes a cuboid located at the corresponding node and four right triangular prism structures respectively located on the corresponding side walls and docking blocks. One right-angled surface of the right triangular prism structure is attached to the side surface of the cuboid, and the inclined surfaces of the right triangular prism structure correspondingly form the four inclined side surfaces of the second spoiler rib. Preferably, the gradient of the left inclined side surface and the right inclined side surface of the second spoiler rib is 1:1.5, and the gradient of the front inclined side surface and the rear inclined side surface of the second spoiler rib is 1:1.

[0057] The second spoiler rib has four inclined side surfaces in the front, rear, left, and right directions. The left and right sides of the first spoiler rib are square inclined surfaces. Compared with the spoiler rib with a vertical side surface, such inclined side surfaces can increase the stability of the structure under the action of wave force and increase the roughness of the structure.

[0058] As a preferred mode, the drainage pipe is located on the central axis of the side wall of the "mouth" structure, so that the water in the main channel can flow out normally. The drainage pipe is a circular pipe with a diameter of 2 unit lengths, and the distance between the drainage pipe and the bottom surface of the grid-shaped base block is 1 unit length.

[0059] As a preferred embodiment, the docking blocks on the right side of the fourth node 8, the fourth node, the side walls between the fourth node and the third node, the third node, and the docking blocks on the left side of the third node are connected in sequence to form the transverse structure of the well-shaped base block. The transverse structure is 20×3×4 unit volumes. The docking blocks in front of the first node, the first node, the side walls between the first node and the fourth node, the fourth node, and the docking blocks behind the fourth node are connected in sequence to form the longitudinal structure of the well-shaped base block. The longitudinal structure is 13×4×4 unit volumes. The size of the main groove is 6×4×4 unit volumes.

[0060] As a preferred embodiment, the facing block is made of concrete structure or reinforced concrete structure. Steel bars can be optionally arranged in the well-shaped base block, and their models and sizes meet the bearing capacity requirements.

[0061] Embodiment 3

[0062] A sloping breakwater is composed of the facing blocks as described in Embodiment 1 or 2 spliced together. Among them, the transverse structure of the well-shaped base block of each facing block (one side of the well-shaped base block where the second spoiler rib is located is the transverse direction) is parallel to the wave crest line. After splicing, all the second spoiler ribs are adjacent to each other in a straight line, all the first spoiler ribs are spaced in a straight line, and the semi-circular grooves on adjacent two docking blocks are docked to form a drainage pipe.

[0063] When the wave interacts with the sloping breakwater structure, part of the energy is consumed by the breakwater, and the other part is reflected to form a reflected wave.

[0064] Embodiment 4

[0065] A mold for processing the hollow well-shaped spoiler concrete facing block includes a base part, a bottom part, and four round tubes 11 for fixing the bottom part on the base part. Among them:

[0066] The base part includes a flat plate 12 for accommodating the bottom part and forming plates 13 hinged to the four sides of the flat plate respectively. The shape and size of the forming surface of each forming plate 13 are the same as those of the side wall of the corresponding hollow well-shaped spoiler concrete facing block. A positioning hole 15 for the round tube 11 to pass through is formed on each forming plate 13;

[0067] The bottom surface of the bottom part is a plane structure matching the flat plate 12. The bottom part includes a fixing frame 14 and forming parts 10 fixed around the fixing frame 14. Fixing holes 16 for the round tube 11 to pass through are formed on the four surfaces of the fixing frame 14. The shape and size of the fixing frame 14 are the same as those of the main groove 4. The shape and size of the forming surface at the top of the forming part are the same as those of the top of the hollow well-shaped spoiler concrete facing block.

[0068] The forming method of the hollow grid flow-disturbing concrete facing block includes the following steps:

[0069] Step 1, unfold the base part, fix the base fixing part, and place the base part on the flat plate 12 of the base part;

[0070] Step 2, turn up four forming plates 13 upwards so that they are perpendicular to the flat plate 12;

[0071] Step 3, insert the four round tubes 11 one by one into the positioning holes of the forming plates 13 and the fixing holes on the corresponding fixing frames 14 of the forming plates 13;

[0072] Step 4, brush a certain amount of release agent inside the base part, outside the base part, and outside the round tubes 11;

[0073] Step 5, pour the material (usually concrete)

[0074] Step 6, after forming, draw out the round tubes 11, unfold the four forming plates 13 to be horizontal, and take out the formed hollow grid flow-disturbing concrete facing block.

[0075] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing block, characterized in that, it includes a cross-shaped base block, a first turbulent flow weir, two second turbulent flow weirs, and a drainage groove formed between the first turbulent flow weir and the second turbulent flow weirs. The first turbulent flow weir is located on one side of the cross-shaped base block, and the two second turbulent flow weirs are adjacent to each other on the opposite side of the cross-shaped base block, where: The cross-shaped base block includes a square structure and eight docking blocks fixedly connected thereto. A main groove is formed at the center of the square structure, and drainage pipes communicating with the main groove are formed on all four side walls. A groove with a semi-circular cross-section is formed on the outer side of each docking block; The four corners of the square structure are respectively the first node, the second node, the third node, and the fourth node adjacent to each other in sequence. Among them, the first turbulent flow weir is fixed on the top surface of the side wall between the third node and the fourth node. One of the second turbulent flow weirs is fixed on the top surface of the second node and the side wall and docking block connected thereto, and the other second turbulent flow weir is fixed on the top surface of the first node and the side wall and docking block connected thereto; The first turbulent flow weir is a frustum of a square pyramid structure. The top surface and the bottom surface of the first turbulent flow weir are square, the front and rear two side surfaces are trapezoidal vertical surfaces, and the left and right two side surfaces are square inclined surfaces; The second turbulent flow weir includes a cuboid located at the corresponding node and four right-angled triangular prism structures respectively located on the corresponding side walls and docking blocks. One right-angled surface of the right-angled triangular prism structure is attached to the side surface of the cuboid, and the inclined surfaces of the right-angled triangular prism structure respectively form the four inclined side surfaces of the second turbulent flow weir.

2. The hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing block according to claim 1, characterized in that, the drainage pipes are located on the central axis of the side walls of the square structure.

3. The hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing block according to claim 1, characterized in that, the docking block on the right side of the fourth node, the fourth node, the side wall between the fourth node and the third node, the third node, and the docking block on the left side of the third node are sequentially connected to form the transverse structure of the cross-shaped base block, and the docking block in front of the first node, the first node, the side wall between the first node and the fourth node, the fourth node, and the docking block behind the fourth node are sequentially connected to form the longitudinal structure of the cross-shaped base block.

4. The hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing block according to claim 1, characterized in that, the facing block is a concrete structure or a reinforced concrete structure.

5. A mold for processing the hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing block according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, it includes a base part, a base portion, and four round tubes for fixing the base portion on the base part, where: The base part includes a flat plate for accommodating the base portion and forming plates respectively hinged on the four sides of the flat plate. The shape and size of the forming surface of each forming plate are the same as those of the side wall of the corresponding hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete facing block, and positioning holes for the round tubes to pass through are formed on each forming plate; The bottom surface of the base part is a planar structure matching the flat plate. The base part includes a fixing frame and a forming part fixed around the fixing frame. Fixing holes for the round tubes to pass through are formed on four surfaces of the fixing frame. The shape and size of the fixing frame are the same as those of the main groove. The shape and size of the forming surface at the top of the forming part are the same as those of the top of the hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete armor block.

6. A forming method for processing the hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete armor block using the mold as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, it includes the following steps: Step 1, unfold the base part, fix the base fixing part, and place the base part on the flat plate of the base part; Step 2, turn up four forming plates upwards to make them perpendicular to the flat plate; Step 3, insert the four round tubes one by one into the positioning holes of the forming plates and the fixing holes on the corresponding fixing frames of the forming plates; Step 4, brush release agent inside the base part, outside the base part, and outside the round tubes; Step 5, pour materials Step 6, draw out the round tubes after forming, unfold the four forming plates to make them horizontal, and take out the formed hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete armor block.

7. A breakwater armor, characterized in that, it is assembled by the hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete armor blocks described in any one of claims 1 - 4.

8. The breakwater armor as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, the transverse structure of the cross-shaped base block of each hollow cross-shaped turbulent flow concrete armor block is parallel to the wave crest line. After assembly, all the second turbulent flow dams are adjacent to each other in a straight line in sequence, all the first turbulent flow dams are spaced in a straight line, and the semi-circular grooves on two adjacent docking blocks are docked to form a drainage pipeline.

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