A train fire opening fire overflow test device and test method

Abstract

One or more embodiments of the present specification provide a train fire open fire overflow test device and test method, including: a carriage body; an experimental window, arranged on the side of the carriage body, configured to be able to observe the interior of the carriage body; a vent, arranged on the experimental window, configured to open when the temperature inside the carriage body reaches a threshold; a measuring component, arranged on the outer side of the top of the carriage body corresponding to the vent, configured to be able to measure the overflow fire parameters overflowing through the vent; a fire simulation component, arranged in the carriage body, configured to be able to simulate a train fire scenario. One or more embodiments of the present specification establish a simulated carriage fire environment, and cause open fire overflow through the vent of the experimental window, thereby measuring the parameters of the open fire overflow, which can effectively simulate the flame overflow mechanism of the open fire overflow caused by window rupture when a fire occurs in the carriage, and thus can more effectively protect against train fires.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] One or more embodiments of the present specification relate to the field of train safety technology, and in particular, to a train fire opening overflow test device and test method. Background Art

[0002] When a high-speed train catches fire, it is easy for the windows to be damaged and form openings due to human factors and thermal deformation of windows, thus forming an opening fire overflow or opening overflow fire. The flames and the toxic smoke they produce will spread outside the carriage through the openings formed after the glass falls off, expanding the scale of the fire, which may cause greater loss of life and property.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art for a device that can study the flame overflow mechanism of window rupture and opening fire overflow when a fire occurs in a train compartment, so as to better prevent and control the opening fire overflow when a fire occurs in a train compartment. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of one or more embodiments of this specification is to provide a train fire opening fire overflow test device and test method.

[0005] Based on the above purpose, one or more embodiments of this specification provide a train fire opening fire overflow test device, including:

[0006] Carriage body;

[0007] An experimental window, disposed on a side of the carriage body, configured to be able to observe the interior of the carriage body;

[0008] A vent, disposed on the experimental window, configured to open when the temperature inside the vehicle body reaches a threshold value;

[0009] a measuring assembly, disposed at a position corresponding to the vent on the outer side of the top of the carriage body, and configured to measure parameters of overflow fire overflowing through the vent;

[0010] The fire simulation component is arranged in the carriage body and is configured to simulate a train fire scenario.

[0011] In some embodiments, the measuring component comprises:

[0012] A bracket is arranged perpendicular to the top plane of the carriage body;

[0013] At least two temperature measuring couples are arranged on the bracket and are configured to measure the temperature of the overflow fire at different heights outside the top of the carriage body.

[0014] In some embodiments, a slide rail is disposed on the top of the carriage body, the bracket is disposed on the slide rail, and the bracket is configured to be able to slide on the slide rail.

[0015] In some embodiments, the carriage body is provided with at least two speed measuring units next to the experimental window;

[0016] The velocity measuring unit is configured to measure the wind velocity at the experimental window to determine the fire neutral surface.

[0017] In some embodiments, a temperature sensor is provided in the carriage body;

[0018] The temperature sensor is communicatively connected to the vent, and is configured to sense the temperature inside the vehicle body and indicate that the vent is open.

[0019] In some embodiments, the vents are adjustable in size.

[0020] In some embodiments, the fire simulation assembly includes: a detachable burner disposed at the bottom of the carriage body.

[0021] In some embodiments, the end surface of the carriage body is connected with a streamlined front and a streamlined rear.

[0022] In some embodiments, moving wheels are provided at the bottom of the carriage body and are configured to drive the carriage body to move to simulate the running state of a train.

[0023] Based on the same concept, one or more embodiments of this specification also provide a train fire opening fire overflow test method, including:

[0024] Turning on a fire simulation component located in the carriage body to simulate a fire in the carriage body;

[0025] When the temperature inside the vehicle body reaches a threshold, the vents on the experimental window are opened;

[0026] The overflow fire parameters overflowing through the ventilation opening are measured by the measuring assembly.

[0027] From the above, it can be seen that one or more embodiments of this specification provide a train fire open fire overflow test device and test method, including: a car body; an experimental window, arranged on the side of the car body, configured to be able to observe the interior of the car body; a vent, arranged on the experimental window, configured to open when the temperature inside the car body reaches a threshold; a measuring component, arranged on the outer side of the top of the car body corresponding to the vent, configured to be able to measure the overflow fire parameters overflowing through the vent; a fire simulation component, arranged in the car body, configured to be able to simulate a train fire scenario. One or more embodiments of this specification establish a simulated car fire environment, and cause open fire overflow through the vent of the experimental window, thereby measuring the parameters of the open fire overflow, which can effectively simulate the flame overflow mechanism of the open fire overflow caused by window rupture when a fire occurs in the car, and thus can more effectively protect against train fires. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate one or more embodiments of the present specification or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only one or more embodiments of the present specification. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a train fire opening fire overflow test device proposed in one or more embodiments of this specification;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the specific structure of a single carriage body of a train fire open fire overflow test device proposed in one or more embodiments of this specification;

[0031] Figure 3 A flow chart of a train fire opening overflow test method proposed in one or more embodiments of the present specification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this specification more clear, this specification is further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this specification should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present disclosure belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the present disclosure do not represent any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Including" or "comprising" and similar words mean that the elements, objects or method steps appearing before the word cover the elements, objects or method steps listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements, objects or method steps. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0034] As described in the background technology section, open fire overflow (Spill fire plume) is a common combustion phenomenon in the combustion process of chamber fire. For a typical chamber fire, it can be roughly divided into four stages according to the combustion process and fire development. In the initial stage, the fire plume continues to spread from the ignition point to the surrounding area. During this process, the combustion of the fire plume continuously draws air from the inside of the chamber. When the fuel-air mass ratio inside the chamber is lower than the chemical equivalence ratio required for the full combustion of the fuel, the combustion will be incomplete, accompanied by smoke accumulation on the ceiling. The thermal feedback of the smoke layer and the fire plume will further accelerate the pyrolysis and combustion of the bottom and surrounding combustibles, and may induce the occurrence of flashover, causing all combustibles inside the chamber to participate in the combustion. At this time, the chamber fire will reach the full development stage, and the internal combustion intensity and smoke production rate will reach the peak. At this stage, the oxygen drawn into the chamber from the bottom by the fire plume inside the chamber is not enough to maintain the combustion of the combustibles, so the combustion will spontaneously obtain air from the outside. At the same time, the buoyancy pressure difference caused by the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor will also drive smoke and fire plumes to overflow from openings such as windows or doors. The overflowing hot plume contains unburned or incompletely burned combustible gases, which mix with fresh air at the opening, resulting in further combustion. This kind of fire plume that overflows from the inside to the outside of the chamber opening and is accompanied by intense combustion is called fire overflow. The windows of high-speed trains are in a sealed state, and there are many combustibles such as luggage and seats in the carriages, and the people are dense. At the beginning of the fire, passengers evacuated to adjacent carriages in an emergency. During the evacuation process, passengers may break the window glass to escape, and artificial window breaking may cause smoke overflow; in addition, there is a temperature difference between the inside and outside of the train carriage glass, and the glass may be deformed by heat and break and fall off, forming vents, thereby forming open fire overflow. The flame and the toxic smoke it produces spread to the outside of the carriage through the opening, expanding the scale of the fire and causing greater loss of life and property to the society.

[0035] In view of the above-mentioned actual situation, one or more embodiments of the present specification propose a train fire open fire overflow experimental device, which establishes a simulated car fire environment and causes open fire overflow through the vents of the experimental windows, thereby measuring the parameters of the open fire overflow. It can effectively simulate the flame overflow mechanism of the open fire overflow caused by window breakage when a fire occurs in the car, and thus can more effectively protect against train fires.

[0036] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a train fire opening overflow test device provided by one or more embodiments of the present specification, including:

[0037] Carriage body 100;

[0038] The experimental window 110 is provided on the side of the carriage body 100 and is configured to be able to observe the interior of the carriage body 100;

[0039] The vent 111 is provided on the experimental window 110 and is configured to open when the internal temperature of the carriage body 100 reaches a threshold value;

[0040] The measuring component 120 is disposed at a position corresponding to the vent 111 on the top outer side of the carriage body 100 and is configured to measure the overflow fire parameters overflowing through the vent 111;

[0041] The fire simulation component 130 is disposed in the carriage body 100 and is configured to simulate a train fire scenario.

[0042] The main body of the carriage is a rectangular box structure similar to a train carriage. Figure 2 In the schematic structure of the carriage body shown in the figure, the carriage body is a rectangular parallelepiped consisting of length (100-A), width (100-B) and height (100-C), wherein the two sides consisting of length and width are the top surface and the ground of the carriage body, the two sides consisting of length and height are the side surfaces of the carriage body, and the two sides consisting of width and height are the end surfaces of the carriage body. It can be known from common knowledge that in the train carriage structure, the end surfaces are generally used to connect with other train carriages, the bottom surface is in contact with the track through wheels to achieve movement, and the side surfaces are generally provided with structures such as entry and exit doors.

[0043] Afterwards, an experimental window is set on the side of the carriage body to observe the situation inside the carriage body. Through this window, the specific situation of the fire in the carriage body can be observed. At the same time, this experimental window can only occupy part of the side area of ​​the carriage body. The specific shape and size of the experimental window are not limited here. At the same time, the entire side of the carriage body can also be made into a transparent window to observe the inside of the carriage body. A vent is set on the experimental window. The vent is closed under normal conditions, and it will open when the temperature in the carriage body reaches a certain temperature to form an open fire overflow. The shape of the vent can be round, square, diamond or irregular, etc., to simulate the situation where passengers damage the window. At the same time, in order to determine whether the size of the vent will affect the open fire overflow, the vent can be designed as an adjustable vent that can change the size, or the experimental window can be designed as a detachable experimental window, and the experiment can be carried out by matching experimental windows with different vent sizes.

[0044] Afterwards, the measurement component is designed for open fire overflow, and in the test experiment for fire, the measured indicators are mainly indicators such as temperature, wind speed, wind direction, gas composition, etc. For open fire overflow, the main indicators that need to be measured are the temperature gradient and / or wind direction formed above the flame or smoke after it comes out through the opening, so it is necessary to set the measurement component at the position corresponding to the vent on the outside of the top of the car body. The measurement component can be composed of a vertical bracket and thermocouples and other measurement components set at different heights on the bracket, so as to measure the temperature changes at different heights above the vent, the wind speed and wind direction changes and other parameters, and analyze the smoke composition; at the same time, the measurement component can also be set as a component extending toward the outside of the side to measure the horizontal changes of the smoke or flame after it comes out of the vent, etc.

[0045] Finally, the fire simulation component is arranged inside the carriage body, and can be arranged at the bottom of the carriage body or distributed in various places inside the carriage body. As long as it can achieve the purpose of simulating fire, it itself can be a burner or other components.

[0046] From the above, it can be seen that one or more embodiments of this specification provide a train fire open fire overflow test device, including: a carriage body; an experimental window, arranged on the side of the carriage body, configured to be able to observe the interior of the carriage body; a vent, arranged on the experimental window, configured to open when the temperature inside the carriage body reaches a threshold; a measuring component, arranged on the outer side of the top of the carriage body corresponding to the vent, configured to be able to measure the overflow fire parameters overflowing through the vent; a fire simulation component, arranged in the carriage body, configured to be able to simulate a train fire scenario. One or more embodiments of this specification establish a simulated carriage fire environment, and cause open fire overflow through the vent of the experimental window, thereby measuring the parameters of the open fire overflow, which can effectively simulate the flame overflow mechanism of the open fire overflow caused by window rupture when a fire occurs in the carriage, and thus can more effectively protect against train fires.

[0047] In some application scenarios, in order to accurately determine the critical flue gas backflow. Figure 2 As shown, the measuring component 120 includes:

[0048] The bracket 121 is arranged perpendicular to the top plane of the carriage body 100;

[0049] At least two temperature measuring couples 122 are disposed on the bracket 121 and are configured to measure the temperature of the overflow fire at different heights on the outside of the top of the carriage body 100 .

[0050] Among them, by monitoring the temperature in the space above the vent, the temperature at different heights of the temperature cloud of the open fire overflow can be obtained, so that the flow direction change node of the smoke can be determined, and the critical smoke counterflow node can be determined, and then the data of the open fire overflow can be collected. Afterwards, the temperature measuring thermocouple can be set perpendicular to the plane where the side of the car body is located, and can be set at a certain angle to the plane where the side of the car body is located, so as to accurately capture the smoke cloud or temperature cloud when the car body moves.

[0051] In some application scenarios, in order to enable the measurement component to move on the top of the carriage body, the position of the measurement component can be adjusted according to factors such as external wind direction. Figure 2 As shown, a slide rail 123 is disposed on the top of the carriage body 100 , and the bracket 121 is disposed on the slide rail 123 . The bracket 121 is configured to be able to slide on the slide rail 123 .

[0052] Of course, there is usually not only one experimental window on the main body of the carriage, and the movable measurement components can realize measurement on different experimental windows. At the same time, the main body of the carriage itself can contain multiple sub-carriages, such as Figure 1As shown, the measuring assembly can also move between different sub-carriages. The measuring assembly slides on the slide rail through the motor, and then the measuring assembly can be stably parked at a specific position through structures such as fixed card slots.

[0053] In some application scenarios, in order to facilitate the study of the height of the neutral surface of the open fire overflow. Figure 2 As shown, the carriage body 100 is provided with at least two speed measuring units 112 next to the experimental window 110;

[0054] The velocity measuring unit 112 is configured to measure the wind velocity at the experimental window 110 to determine the fire neutral surface.

[0055] Among them, in theoretical analysis, there is an ideal neutral surface for indoor fire openings. On this horizontal neutral surface, the pressure difference between the inside of the combustion chamber and the external environment is zero. High-temperature gases and flames rush out of the room from the outside at the upper part of the neutral surface, and continue to burn after contacting the outdoor air; while fresh ambient air flows from the outdoor environment into the combustion chamber below the neutral surface, providing oxygen for the combustion in the combustion chamber. Furthermore, the neutral surface of the opening fire overflow can be determined by measuring the wind speed and direction at different heights, so as to study the opening fire overflow. Of course, in specific application scenarios, the main body of the carriage is generally in motion, so as to more realistically simulate the state of a fire on a train, and the speed measuring unit will discard the wind direction and speed affected by the movement of the train, and only measure the wind speed and direction on the plane perpendicular to the side of the main body of the carriage, which is parallel to the end face of the main body of the carriage.

[0056] In some application scenarios, in order to measure the internal temperature of the vehicle body and accurately determine the time to open the vents. Figure 1 As shown, a temperature sensor 101 is provided in the carriage body 100;

[0057] The temperature sensor 101 is in communication with the vent 111 and is configured to sense the temperature inside the vehicle body 100 and instruct the vent 111 to open.

[0058] The temperature sensor is an instrument that can accurately sense the outside temperature, which can be a bimetallic thermometer, a glass liquid thermometer, a pressure thermometer, a resistance thermometer, a thermistor, a thermocouple, etc. When the temperature inside the main body of the vehicle reaches a certain temperature, for example, 600 degrees Celsius, the vent is notified to open.

[0059] In some application scenarios, in order to facilitate the study of the influence of the opening size factor on the overflow of the compartment fire, the size of the ventilation opening is adjustable.

[0060] In some application scenarios, in order to better simulate the situation of a train fire, the fire simulation component includes: a detachable burner arranged at the bottom of the carriage body.

[0061] Among them, under normal circumstances, according to statistics, a train fire usually spreads from the bottom of the train or near the bottom. Therefore, when conducting a train fire simulation, in order to be closer to reality, the burner is set on the bottom surface inside the train body, and the detachable burner can be easily repaired and replaced. At the same time, the shape of the burner can be any shape, and can be designed into different shapes according to different fire causes in specific application scenarios.

[0062] In some application scenarios, in order to form an airflow organization around the train close to natural wind, train wind or smoke exhaust ventilation in tunnels, the influence of different wind fields on the overflow of open fires is studied. Figure 1 As shown, the end surface of the carriage body 100 is connected with a streamlined front end 102 and a streamlined rear end 103 .

[0063] The streamlined front and rear of the car can create a wind field environment closer to a real train next to the main body of the car, so that regardless of whether the main body of the car is moving, it can simulate the external environment of the train under different circumstances.

[0064] In some application scenarios, in order to enable the carriage to move, a fire scene that occurs while the train is running can be simulated. Figure 1 As shown, the bottom of the carriage body 100 is provided with moving wheels 104, which are configured to drive the carriage body 100 to move to simulate the running state of a train.

[0065] Based on the same inventive concept, one or more embodiments of this specification also provide a train fire opening fire overflow test method, such as Figure 3 As shown, including:

[0066] Step 301, start the fire simulation component located in the vehicle body to simulate a fire in the vehicle body.

[0067] Step 302, when the temperature inside the vehicle body reaches a threshold, the vents on the experimental window are opened.

[0068] Step 303: measuring the overflow fire parameters overflowing through the ventilation opening by means of a measuring component.

[0069] The method of the above embodiment is applied to the corresponding train fire open fire overflow test device in the above embodiment. The description of the specific contents of the above steps and the corresponding beneficial effects have been involved in the embodiment of the above train fire open fire overflow test device, so they will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0070] A person skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present disclosure (including the claims) is limited to these examples; under the concept of the present disclosure, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may also be combined, and there are many other variations of different aspects of one or more embodiments of the present specification as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity. Therefore, any omission, modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of one or more embodiments of the present specification shall be included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A train fire opening fire overflow test device, characterized in that: include: Carriage body; An experimental window is provided on the side of the carriage body and is configured to be able to observe the interior of the carriage body; wherein the experimental window is multiple; A vent is provided on the experimental window, the size of the vent is adjustable, and the vent is configured to open when the temperature inside the vehicle body reaches a threshold value, and to form overflow fires of different forms through the vent with adjustable size; a measuring assembly, disposed at a position corresponding to the vent on the outer side of the top of the carriage body, and configured to measure parameters of overflow fire overflowing through the vent; A fire simulation component, disposed in the carriage body, configured to simulate a train fire scenario; The measuring component comprises: A bracket is arranged perpendicular to the top plane of the carriage body; At least two thermocouples are disposed on the bracket and are configured to measure the temperature of the overflow fire at different heights outside the top of the carriage body; A slide rail is arranged on the top of the carriage body, the bracket is arranged on the slide rail, and the bracket is configured to be able to slide on the slide rail so that the at least two temperature measuring couples can measure different experimental windows.

2. The experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carriage body is provided with at least two speed measuring units beside the experimental window; The velocity measuring unit is configured to measure the wind velocity at the experimental window to determine the fire neutral surface.

3. The experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A temperature sensor is provided in the carriage body; The temperature sensor is communicatively connected to the vent, and is configured to sense the temperature inside the vehicle body and indicate that the vent is open.

4. The experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fire simulation component comprises a detachable burner arranged at the bottom of the carriage body.

5. The experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end surface of the carriage body is connected with a streamlined front end and a streamlined rear end.

6. The experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the carriage body is provided with moving wheels, which are configured to drive the carriage body to move to simulate the running state of a train.

7. A train fire open fire overflow test method using the train fire open fire overflow test device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: include: Turning on a fire simulation component located in the carriage body to simulate a fire in the carriage body; When the temperature inside the vehicle body reaches a threshold, the vents on the experimental window are opened; The overflow fire parameters overflowing through the ventilation opening are measured by the measuring assembly.

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