Wall elements

Abstract

The present invention relates to a wall element (1) for a noise protection wall, wherein: the wall element (1) has a main body (2) and at least one outer side (4); and the main body (2) has a support portion (7) facing the at least one outer side (4); at least one solar panel (3) is arranged on the support portion (7) and connected to the main body (2); the solar panel (3) is inclined relative to the vertical (8) in the direction of the upper surface (9) of the wall element (1); the main body (2) has at least one sound absorbing surface (10) on at least one outer side (4), which can be directly reached by incoming sound; the sound absorbing surface (10) is inclined relative to the vertical (8) and / or relative to the longitudinal direction of the wall element (1) at least in some parts; the area of ​​the sound absorbing surface (10) is at least equal to the area of ​​the visible surface of the wall element (1).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a wall element for a noise protection wall, wherein the wall element has a main body and at least one outer side, wherein the main body has a support portion facing the at least one outer side, wherein at least one solar panel is arranged on the support portion and is connected to the main body, wherein the solar panel is inclined relative to the vertical direction in the direction of the upper side of the wall element, and wherein the main body on the at least one outer side has at least one sound-absorbing surface that can be directly reached by incoming sound. Background Art

[0002] The connection between noise protection components and photovoltaic modules and the associated overall advantages have been known for some time. The basic problem with this connection is that the surface of photovoltaic modules is usually acoustically reflective and is therefore diametrically opposed to the desired properties of noise protection components.

[0003] A circumvention of this problem is described, for example, in DE 93 18 768 U1. The photovoltaic laminate is arranged on its rear side parallel to the extension plane of the noise protection component. The front side of the noise protection component thus remains unused for energy generation. In addition, in a vertical arrangement of the noise protection component, the optimum efficiency of the photovoltaic module is not achieved, since the photovoltaic module is then also arranged vertically.

[0004] In another case, i.e. not for wall elements but for existing noise protection walls, a solution to these problems is known from DE 20 2011 004 458 U1. Disclosed therein is a noise protection system in which a plurality of solar modules are arranged in an inclined manner on a noise protection wall. In this case, the solar modules are connected to the support structure independently of the noise protection elements actually provided, so that the solar modules and the noise protection elements can be replaced independently of one another. However, this leads to the disadvantage that the total expenditure for the assembly of the noise protection wall is significantly higher than the total expenditure for a conventional noise protection wall (without solar modules).

[0005] In order to eliminate this disadvantage, a combined wall element has long been known from KR 2018 0022124 A1, which combines two functions, namely sound absorption and photovoltaics. As a result, the expenditure for the construction of a corresponding noise protection wall is only slightly higher than the expenditure for a conventional noise protection wall and essentially only includes the production of the electrical connections. However, a disadvantage of such a wall element is its complex structure and the associated large number of components required and ultimately high production costs.

[0006] DE 196 02 779 A1 discloses a wall element of the initially mentioned type which at least partially avoids or mitigates the above-mentioned disadvantages. In this case, the wall element is formed by a prefabricated component, wherein the solar modules are fastened to lugs integrally formed thereon. The surface of the prefabricated component which is directly accessible to horizontally penetrating sound (i.e. the surface not covered by the solar modules) is small compared to the entire visible surface.

[0007] DE 297 06 785 U1 discloses a noise protection wall in which a horizontal noise protection element is fastened between two vertically mounted supports. The noise protection wall is covered with rectangular non-isosceles prisms and are stacked in a self-supporting manner in guides on the supports. The smaller prism leg side of each prism is formed by a solar panel and is arranged so that it points upwards, while the longer prism leg side is constructed as a noise protection arrangement and is arranged to face downwards.

[0008] EP 1788155 A2 discloses an eco-noise protection wall of lightweight design with vertical supports anchored in a foundation and wedge-shaped sound-absorbing elements comprising sound-absorbing sound-absorbing material and a roof for protection against weather influences. In this case, the sound-absorbing material consists of natural and renewable raw materials made of straw, stalks or fibers of plant origin.

[0009] The solutions known from KR 2018 0022124 A1 and DE 196 02 779 A1 attempt to solve the initially mentioned basic problem of the poor sound absorption of the individual elements due to the use of solar modules, so that the sound is in each case transferred to the chamber behind the solar module in order to be absorbed there. In practice, however, such a transfer does not work sufficiently and therefore the increasingly stringent requirements on the sound absorption level of noise protection walls cannot be met. Summary of the invention

[0010] The object of the present invention is to eliminate or at least reduce this disadvantage.

[0011] The invention provides a wall element of the initially mentioned type, wherein the sound absorbing surface is inclined at least in some sections relative to the vertical and / or relative to the longitudinal direction of the wall element, wherein the area of ​​the sound absorbing surface is at least equal to the area of ​​the elevation view of the wall element (or elevation view area). In this case, the sound absorbing surface is a part of the surface of the wall element on its outer side, other than the surface of at least one solar panel, which can be reached directly by the incoming sound, i.e. without the sound being reflected or deflected beforehand. Therefore, the part of the surface of the wall element for the incoming sound covered by the solar panel cannot be attributed to the sound absorbing surface. The area of ​​the elevation view of the wall element corresponds to the area of ​​the contour of the wall element in a side view of the outer side. Therefore, more precisely, the area of ​​the elevation view of the outer side refers to, i.e., in the viewing direction normal to the vertical and normal to the longitudinal extension of the wall element on at least one outer side. Since the sound absorbing surface is inclined at least in some sections, its area is greater than the area of ​​its own elevation view. The relative difference between the two areas depends on the inclination angle. In the case of an inclination angle of 45°, the ratio of the elevation area to the surface area is approximately 1:1.4 (square root of 1:2). It can be concluded from this that if approximately 71% of the elevation is formed by the sound-absorbing surface inclined at 45° and the solar panels occupy the remaining 29% of the elevation, the area of ​​the sound-absorbing surface is at least equal to the area of ​​the elevation of the wall element. The outer side can be the side facing the sound. In this case, the vertical is the axis extending between the lower side and the upper side of the wall element. The designation "vertical" is not limited to the use of wall elements, which can accordingly also be used for noise protection walls positioned obliquely without departing from the subject matter of claim 1. In the case of a generally vertically positioned noise protection wall made of the wall elements described herein, the vertical corresponds to the absolute vertical of the noise protection wall. The vertical is, for example, normal to the longitudinal direction of the wall element. The elevation area defined above then corresponds to the area of ​​the wall element projected into the plane spanned by the vertical and longitudinal directions.

[0012] The incoming sound (sound introduction) can of course reach the sound absorbing surface directly, but not necessarily horizontally (usually in the vertical direction). Since most of the sound introduction takes place from a relatively small solid angle area, it is advantageous if the area of ​​those parts of the sound absorbing surface that can be reached directly by the sound from the noise introduction area is (total) at least equal to the area of ​​the elevation view of the wall element, wherein the noise introduction area comprises an angular range between the normal in the vertical direction and an inclination of 70° to the normal in the direction of the underside of the wall element. Alternatively, the above conditions for the area of ​​the parts of the sound absorbing surface can already be met in the noise introduction area with the following angular range: the angular range between the normal in the vertical direction (hereinafter, the normal is briefly designated as 0°) and an inclination of 60° to the normal in the direction of the underside of the wall element, or in the angular range between 0° and 50°, or in the angular range between 0° and 30°, or in the angular range between 0° and 20°, or in the angular range between 0° and 10°.

[0013] The area of ​​the sound absorbing surface may correspond to about 1.2 times or more the area of ​​the elevation of the wall element. Due to the larger sound absorbing surface, the sound absorption properties of the wall element are further improved and with a given sound absorbing material, such as a body, a better sound absorption (i.e. more sound or sound energy is absorbed) may be achieved. Optionally, the area of ​​those parts of the sound absorbing surface which the sound entering from the noise introduction area can directly reach corresponds to (on the whole) at least 1.2 times the area of ​​the elevation of the wall element.

[0014] Furthermore, the body can have an upper support surface and a lower support surface for stacking a plurality of wall elements in a stacking direction, wherein the support surface is at least partially arranged substantially normal to the vertical direction. The support surface enables a plurality of wall elements to be arranged adjacent to one another in the vertical direction, so that noise protection walls of different heights can be formed depending on the number of rows of wall elements.

[0015] According to a further exemplary embodiment, in a viewing direction normal to the solar panel, the sound absorbing surface is at least mostly covered by the solar panel. Assuming light entry normal to the solar panel (corresponding to optimum efficiency), the sound absorbing surface is at least mostly located in the shadow of the solar panel. This arrangement of solar panel and sound absorbing surface enables a particularly high utilization of incoming solar energy. In this case, it is irrelevant whether the sound absorbing surface passes through the solar panel of the same wall element or through the solar panel of an adjacent or neighboring wall element arranged vertically above it.

[0016] Optionally, the sound absorbing surface can be arranged in a noise protection wall comprising wall elements completely within the shadow line between the upper edge of the lower solar panel and the lower edge of the upper solar panel. In this way, it can be avoided that the contour of the sound absorbing surface adversely affects the efficiency of the solar panel by shading.

[0017] In this regard, according to a particular embodiment of the body, on at least one outer side outside the solar panel, the body can have at least one elevation for enlarging the sound absorption surface, wherein the outer edge of the elevation is in contact with the shadow line or is located within the shadow line. With such an elevation, such elevation inside the shadow line can be optimally utilized to enlarge the sound absorption surface without adversely affecting the efficiency of a solar panel (the same or an adjacent wall element) that may be arranged thereunder.

[0018] Alternatively or additionally, the distance between adjacent solar panels in the vertical direction of the noise protection wall including the wall elements can be selected so that the shadow line between these solar panels is arranged substantially normally on the front side of at least one solar panel. In this arrangement, assuming that light enters the solar panels normally (equivalent to optimal efficiency), the upper solar panel does not cast any shadow on the lower solar panel. Thus, optimal utilization of the available photovoltaic area can be achieved.

[0019] Furthermore, in the side view from the outside, the distance between adjacent solar panels in the vertical direction can be greater than or equal to the distance between the upper and lower edges of the solar panels. In other words, in this configuration, the solar panels occupy 50% or less of the elevation. As a result, very flat inclination angles (less than 30°) of the sound absorbing surface and the accompanying very sharp edges (less than 60°) can be avoided, which can have a limiting effect on the material that can be used for the body without compromising its structural integrity.

[0020] The body can, for example, consist essentially of a sound-absorbing material. The sound-absorbing material can be suitable for forming a support structure for the solar panel. A sound-absorbing material is understood here to be a material having a sound absorption of, for example, at least 4 dB. The sound-absorbing material can, for example, be wood concrete (or "woodcrete", German: "Holzbeton"). Within the framework of the present disclosure, the body can also consist of another sound-absorbing material, for example of porous concrete. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In the following, the invention will be explained in further detail with reference to particularly preferred exemplary embodiments which should not, however, be restricted thereto and with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings show in detail:

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing a first embodiment of the disclosed wall element;

[0023] Figure 2 schematically shows a vertical section through a first embodiment of the disclosed wall element;

[0024] Figure 3Schematically shows a vertical section of a noise protection wall with wall elements arranged on both sides;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing a wall module with wall elements arranged on both sides; and

[0026] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a noise protection wall is shown with wall elements arranged on both sides. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Figure 1 and Figure 2 A wall element 1 for a noise protection wall is shown. The wall element 1 comprises a body 2 made of wood concrete and a solar panel 3. The wall element 1 has an outer side 4 (also the front side). The body 2 has two protrusions 5, 6 or projections on the outer side 4. The first protrusion 5 forms a support 7 towards the outer side 4, on which the solar panel 3 is arranged and connected to the body 2. The solar panel 3 is inclined relative to the vertical 8 in the direction of the upper side 9 of the wall element 1.

[0028] In addition, the body 2 has a sound-absorbing surface 10 on the outer side 4, which can be directly reached by incoming sound from a noise introduction area corresponding to an angle range 34 from the normal (i.e. parallel to the normal 32) or up to an inclination 33 of 45° below the normal 32 to the vertical 8. The second protrusion 6 is arranged on the outer side of the solar panel 3, more precisely beside or near the solar panel 3, and serves to enlarge the sound-absorbing surface 10, wherein the outer edge 11 of the protrusion 6 is in contact with the shadow line 12 below the solar panel 3, so that the protrusion 6 is located within the shadow line. In the viewing direction normal to the solar panel 3, the sound-absorbing surface 10 is completely covered by the solar panel 3.

[0029] Due to the geometry of the second protrusions 6 (having a triangular profile), the sound absorbing surface 10 is substantially divided into three parts 13, 14 and 15, which are inclined or normal to the vertical direction 8 of the wall element 1. The area of ​​the sound absorbing surface 10 is larger than the area of ​​the protrusions of the wall element 1, for example by a factor of about 1.2.

[0030] The body 2 comprises an upper support surface 16 and a lower support surface 17 for stacking a plurality of wall elements 1 in a stacking direction (compare Figure 3 ). The support surfaces 16 , 17 are in most cases arranged substantially normal to the vertical direction 8 .

[0031] In the possible embodiment described, the sound absorbing surface 10 has, in addition to the three inclined or horizontal portions 13, 14 and 15, a fourth portion 18 arranged parallel to the vertical direction between the two protrusions 5, 6, which should avoid a potentially problematic acute angle in manufacturing between the two protrusions 5, 6. For the same reason, the tip (outer edge) of the first protrusion 5 is inclined.

[0032] Figure 3 A noise protection wall 19 is shown, in which a plurality of wall elements 22 are arranged one above the other on both sides 20, 21. Each wall element 22 is composed of two modules 23, 24, wherein each module 23, 24 corresponds to a Figure 1 and Figure 2 The wall element 1 of the embodiment of the present invention is a wall element 1 of the embodiment of the present invention, and the two modules 23, 24 comprise a common continuous body 25, so that the two modules 23, 24 together form a wall element 22 (and therefore have two solar panels respectively). The noise protection wall 19 comprises a supporting core 26, for example made of reinforced concrete or a frame lightweight structure between steel columns (the column spacing is 165, 200 or 500 cm), and a base area 27 made of concrete.

[0033] The distance between adjacent solar panels 3 of the noise protection wall 19 in the vertical direction is selected so that the shadow line 12 between these solar panels 3 is substantially normal to the outer side of the solar panels 3 arranged in parallel in this example. In a side view of the outer side 4 (not shown, but recognizable from the depicted contour), the distance between adjacent solar panels 3 in the vertical direction (e.g. 14 cm) is greater than or equal to the distance between the upper edge 28 and the lower edge 29 of the solar panel 3 (e.g. 11 cm). In each case, the sound absorbing surface 10 of the wall element 22 is arranged completely within the shadow line 12 between the upper edge 28 of the lower solar panel 3 and the lower edge 29 of the upper solar panel 3.

[0034] The wall elements 22 are stacked (module height is e.g. 25 cm and corresponding element height is e.g. 50 cm) so that the bearing surfaces 16, 17 of adjacent wall elements 22 are in contact with each other. The width of the solar panel 3 is e.g. 16.5 cm. The individual wall elements 22 are connected to the supporting core 26, e.g. by gluing or screwing.

[0035] Figure 4The portion of the noise protection wall 19 corresponding to the wall module is schematically shown. The wall module comprises a portion of a core 26. A wall element 22 having a continuous body 25 is arranged on both sides 20, 21 of the core portion. In this case, each strip element comprises two modules 23, 24, each of which is equipped with a solar panel 3. The wall module depicted here has a dimension of about 50 cm in the vertical direction 8 (height), for example. Therefore, each module 23, 24 or each row of modules is about 25 cm high. In this case, the solar panel 3 is about 16.5 cm wide. Alternatively, a wall module of such a height can be provided with three rows of modules, wherein the solar panel has a width of about 12.5 cm. However, it is also feasible to provide a wall module with only one row of modules (for example with a height of 25 cm).

[0036] Figure 5 Shown with Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a noise protection wall 19 with comparable wall elements arranged on both sides. The noise protection wall 19 is divided in the longitudinal direction into sections each of which is delimited, supported and anchored to the ground by steel columns 30. Noise protection wall sections 31 adjacent in the longitudinal direction are arranged on the sides. Figure 5 It is shown with dotted lines in order to show the continuity of the noise protection wall by repeating or juxtaposing multiple noise protection wall parts row by row.

Claims

1. A wall element (1) for a noise protection wall, wherein: The wall element (1) comprises a body (2) and at least one outer side (4), wherein the body (2) comprises a support portion (7) facing the at least one outer side (4), wherein at least one solar panel (3) is arranged on the support portion (7) and connected to the body (2), wherein the solar panel (3) is inclined relative to the vertical (8) in the direction of the upper side (9) of the wall element (1), wherein the body (2) comprises at least one sound absorbing surface (10) on at least one outer side (4) which can be directly reached by incoming sound, characterized in that the sound absorbing surface (10) is inclined at least in some parts relative to the vertical (8) and / or relative to the longitudinal direction of the wall element (1), wherein the area of ​​the sound absorbing surface (10) is at least equal to the area of ​​the elevation view of the wall element (1), wherein the area of ​​the elevation view of the wall element (1) corresponds to the area of ​​the wall element projected into a plane spanned by the vertical and longitudinal directions.

2. Wall element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The area of ​​those parts of the sound absorbing surface (10) that can be directly reached by sound from a noise introduction zone is at least equal to the area of ​​the elevation view of the wall element (1), wherein the noise introduction zone includes an angular range between a vertical normal and an inclination of 70° to the normal in the direction of the underside of the wall element.

3. The wall element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The area of ​​the sound absorbing surface (10) corresponds to approximately 1.2 times or more the area of ​​the elevation view of the wall element (1).

4. The wall element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The body (2) has an upper supporting surface (16) and a lower supporting surface (17) for stacking a plurality of wall elements (1) in a stacking direction, wherein the supporting surfaces (16, 17) are at least partially arranged substantially normal to the vertical direction (8).

5. Wall element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that In a viewing direction normal to the solar panel (3), the sound absorbing surface (10) is at least largely covered by the solar panel (3).

6. Wall element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The sound absorbing surface (10) is arranged in a noise protection wall comprising wall elements completely within a shadow line (12) between an upper edge (28) of a lower solar panel and a lower edge (29) of an upper solar panel.

7. Wall element (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that On at least one outer side (4) outside the solar panel (3), the main body (2) has at least one protrusion (6) for expanding the sound absorption surface, wherein the outer edge (11) of the protrusion (6) is in contact with the shadow line (12) or is located within the shadow line (12).

8. Wall element (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that The distance between adjacent solar panels (3) in the vertical direction (8) of the noise protection wall including the wall element (1) is selected so that the shadow line (12) between these solar panels (3) is arranged essentially normally on the front side of at least one solar panel (3).

9. Wall element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that In the elevation view of the outer side (4), the distance between adjacent solar panels (3) in the vertical direction (8) is greater than or equal to the distance between the upper edge (28) and the lower edge (29) of the solar panel (3).

10. The wall element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The main body (2) is basically composed of sound absorbing material.

11. Wall element (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that The main body (2) consists essentially of wood concrete.

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