Method for charging an electrical energy storage system, electrical energy storage system, and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for charging an electrical energy storage system, an electrical energy storage system, and a vehicle having an electrical energy storage device, the electrical energy storage devices being respectively assigned to a group of electrical energy storage devices, wherein the method comprises method steps which follow one another in time: wherein in a first method step, the charge state of the electrical energy storage devices is detected; wherein in a second method step, it is determined which electrical energy storage device has the highest charge state and which electrical energy storage device has the lowest charge state; wherein in a third method step, it is checked whether the electrical energy storage device with the lowest charge state and the electrical energy storage device with the highest charge state are assigned to the same group; wherein in a fourth method step, the electrical energy storage system is charged according to a first variant if the electrical energy storage device with the highest charge state and the electrical energy storage device with the lowest charge state are assigned to the same group; and further comprising a fifth method step, a sixth method step, and a seventh method step.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for charging an electrical energy storage system, an electrical energy storage system and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] CN 106585409 A describes a battery management system.

[0003] WO 2018 / 190796 A1 describes a charging system for a plurality of batteries.

[0004] CN 105644386 A describes an electric vehicle having a battery management system.

[0005] CN 1038026787 A describes a battery management system for an electric vehicle. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In a method for charging an electrical energy storage system, wherein the electrical energy storage system has electrical energy storage devices each assigned to a group of electrical energy storage devices, the core of the invention is that the method has method steps that follow one another in time: in a first method step, the charge state of the electrical energy storage devices is detected, in a second method step, it is determined which electrical energy storage device has the highest charge state and which electrical energy storage device has the lowest charge state, in a third method step, it is checked whether the electrical energy storage device with the lowest charge state and the electrical energy storage device with the highest charge state belong to the same group of electrical energy storage devices, in a fourth method step, if the electrical energy storage device with the highest charge state and the electrical energy storage device with the lowest charge state are assigned to the same group of electrical energy storage devices, If the electric energy accumulators with a low state of charge are assigned to the same group of electric energy accumulators, the electric energy accumulator system is charged according to a first variant, wherein, in a fifth method step, if the electric energy accumulator with the highest state of charge and the electric energy accumulator with the lowest state of charge are assigned to different groups of electric energy accumulators, it is checked whether all electric energy accumulators are to be charged to a maximum state of charge, wherein, in a sixth method step, if not all electric energy accumulators are to be charged to a maximum state of charge, the electric energy accumulator system is charged according to the second variant, wherein, in a seventh method step, if all electric energy accumulators are to be charged to a maximum state of charge, the electric energy accumulator system is charged according to the third variant.

[0007] The present invention is based on the concept of a charging method that can be adapted to different requirements for operating strategies, in particular charging times and / or charging strategies, such as whether an energy storage device should be replaced. This is advantageous for energy storage systems whose energy storage devices may have different states of charge. The states of charge of the energy storage devices can be gradually equalized during the method. This allows for premature termination of the method when the energy storage devices of a group of energy storage devices have the same state of charge.

[0008] Advantageously, all electrical energy storage devices of the electrical energy storage system can be charged by means of a single, in particular integrated, charging device.

[0009] Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0010] According to one advantageous embodiment, the energy accumulators of a group are assigned to the same drive axle of the vehicle and / or to the same electric motor of the vehicle and / or are of the same design and / or are arranged in series. Charging parameters can be adapted for different groups of energy accumulators. Energy accumulators of a group can be charged simultaneously.

[0011] Advantageously, in the fourth method step, the energy storage device with the lowest state of charge is charged until it reaches the same state of charge as the energy storage device with the highest state of charge. Subsequently, the energy storage devices of the other group of energy storage devices are charged until they reach the state of charge of the energy storage device with the highest state of charge. This allows the energy storage devices of the group that must absorb the greatest amount of energy to equalize the states of charge of the energy storage devices to be charged first. This ensures that the energy storage device system has the highest possible overall state of charge when the charging process is prematurely interrupted. Furthermore, the energy storage device balancing effort can be reduced.

[0012] Advantageously, the electrical energy storage devices of the group not currently being charged can be cooled and / or relaxed.

[0013] Furthermore, it is advantageous that, in a sixth method step, the electric energy storage device with the lowest state of charge is charged until it has reached the state of charge of the electric energy storage device with the highest state of charge in its assigned electric energy storage device group. Subsequently, the electric energy storage devices of another electric energy storage device group are charged until they have reached the state of charge of the electric energy storage device with the highest state of charge in their group, starting with the electric energy storage device with the lowest state of charge in this group. Subsequently, all electric energy storage devices are charged simultaneously until they have reached the state of charge of the electric energy storage device with the highest state of charge of all electric energy storage devices. By charging the electric energy storage device with the lowest state of charge first, deep discharge of the electric energy storage device can be avoided when the electric energy storage device system is discharged after premature interruption of the charging process. During charging according to the second variant, equalization of the state of charge of the electric energy storage devices within a group is important. Only when the state of charge of all electric energy storage devices in the group is equalized is the electric energy storage device charged to the state of charge of the electric energy storage device with the highest state of charge.

[0014] Furthermore, it is advantageous if, in the seventh method step, the electrical energy storage device with the lowest state of charge is charged until it has reached the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device with the highest state of charge within the group, wherein all electrical energy storage devices of the group are then charged until they have reached the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device with the highest state of charge of all electrical energy storage devices, wherein the electrical energy storage device with the lowest state of charge of the electrical energy storage device of the other group is then charged until it has reached the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device with the highest state of charge of all electrical energy storage devices. This requires fewer interruptions in the charging process to replace the electrical energy storage device to be charged. Compared to the second variant, the electrical energy storage device system can be charged to the maximum state of charge more quickly.

[0015] According to another advantageous embodiment, when a group of electric energy storage devices comprises more than two electric energy storage devices, charging of all electric energy storage devices of the group begins with the electric energy storage device with the lowest state of charge in the group, and once the electric energy storage device with the lowest state of charge has reached the charge state of the corresponding electric energy storage device with the higher state of charge, the electric energy storage device with the higher state of charge is charged. Thus, electric energy storage devices with the same state of charge can be charged simultaneously.

[0016] Advantageously, in an eighth method step following the fourth method step, the sixth method step, or the seventh method step, all electrical energy storage devices are charged to a maximum state of charge and / or the method for charging the electrical energy storage device system is terminated. Depending on the available charging time and / or the operating strategy, the electrical energy storage devices are charged to a maximum state of charge or not.

[0017] According to another advantageous embodiment, if the electrical energy storage system has more than two groups of electrical energy storage devices, after the fourth method step, the sixth method step, or the seventh method step, the electrical energy storage device having the lowest state of charge at that time and the electrical energy storage device having the second highest state of charge at that time are determined, and the method for these electrical energy storage devices is continued with the third method step. The method can therefore be used for electrical energy storage devices having any number of groups of electrical energy storage devices.

[0018] The core of the invention for an electrical energy storage system is that the electrical energy storage system has electrical energy storage devices each assigned to a group of electrical energy storage devices, wherein the electrical energy storage system is provided for charging by means of the above-described method or a method according to one of the claims relating to the method.

[0019] The invention is based on the fact that these electrical energy storage devices can be grouped according to their properties or requirements for charging parameters.

[0020] Advantageously, the electrical energy accumulators of a group of electrical energy accumulators are of identical design and / or are arranged in series connection.

[0021] The core of the invention for a vehicle is that the vehicle has an electrical energy storage system as described above or according to one of the claims relating to an electrical energy storage system.

[0022] The present invention is based on the fact that a charging strategy for an electrical energy storage device of a vehicle can be adapted to the operating strategy of the vehicle.

[0023] For example, for a vehicle traveling a predetermined route with predetermined stopping times, different variants of the method may be selected depending on the vehicle's state of charge and operating strategy.

[0024] Advantageously, the energy accumulators of a group of energy accumulators are assigned to the same drive axle and / or the same electric motor of the vehicle.

[0025] The above-mentioned embodiments and improvements can be combined with each other as desired. Other possible embodiments, improvements, and implementations of the present invention also include combinations of features not explicitly mentioned above or below in connection with the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. In particular, those skilled in the art will also add individual aspects as improvements or supplements to the corresponding basic form of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The present invention is explained in the following paragraphs with the aid of exemplary embodiments, from which further inventive features can be derived, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these exemplary embodiments. These exemplary embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In these drawings:

[0027] Figure 1A schematic diagram showing a first embodiment of a vehicle 1 according to the invention is shown,

[0028] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a vehicle 101 according to the present invention, and

[0029] Figure 3 A flow chart of a method 200 according to the invention for charging at least two electrical energy storage devices ( 6 , 9 , 106 , 109 ) is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Figure 1 A powertrain of a vehicle 1 according to the invention is shown.

[0031] Vehicle 1 has:

[0032] - First drive axle 3,

[0033] - Second drive axle 7,

[0034] - Third drive axle 14,

[0035] - Fourth drive axle 8,

[0036] - first transmission mechanism 2,

[0037] - second transmission mechanism 13,

[0038] - a first electric motor 4,

[0039] - a second electric motor 12,

[0040] - a third electric motor 15,

[0041] - a fourth electric motor 19,

[0042] - an electrical energy storage system having three first electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c) and three second electrical energy storage devices (9a, 9b, 9c),

[0043] - First inverter (Umrichter) 5,

[0044] - a second inverter 10,

[0045] - a third inverter 16,

[0046] - a fourth inverter 18, and

[0047] - Control unit 17.

[0048] The electric energy accumulators (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c) of the electric energy accumulator system are each assigned to a group of electric energy accumulators (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c). The first electric energy accumulator (6a, 6b, 6c) forms a first group of electric energy accumulators (6a, 6b, 6c). The second electric energy accumulator (9a, 9b, 9c) forms a second group of electric energy accumulators (9a, 9b, 9c).

[0049] The first electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c) are arranged in series connection.

[0050] The first electrical energy storage devices ( 6 a , 6 b , 6 c ) are preferably designed in the same manner, in particular they have the same storage capacity and / or the same maximum voltage and / or the same maximum charging current and / or the same maximum discharging current.

[0051] The second electrical energy storage devices (9a, 9b, 9c) are arranged in series connection.

[0052] The second electrical energy storage devices ( 9 a , 9 b , 9 c ) are preferably designed in the same manner, in particular they have the same storage capacity and / or the same maximum voltage and / or the same maximum charging current and / or the same maximum discharging current.

[0053] Preferably, the first electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c) and the second electrical energy storage device (9a, 9b, 9c) are designed in a different manner. For example, the first electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c) is designed as an electrical high-energy storage device and the second electrical energy storage device (9a, 9b, 9c) is designed as an electrical high-power storage device.

[0054] The first drive axle 3 can be connected, in particular coupled, to the first electric motor 4 and / or the fourth electric motor 19 via the first transmission 2 . The first drive axle 3 can be driven by the first electric motor 4 and / or the fourth electric motor 19 .

[0055] The second drive axle 7 can be connected, in particular coupled, to the second electric motor 12 and / or the third electric motor 15 via the second transmission 13 . The second drive axle 7 can be driven by the second electric motor 12 and / or the third electric motor 15 .

[0056] The third drive axle 14 can be connected, in particular coupled, to the second electric motor 12 and / or the third electric motor 15 via the second transmission 13 . The third drive axle 14 can be driven by the second electric motor 12 and / or the third electric motor 15 .

[0057] The fourth drive axle 8 can be connected, in particular coupled, to the first electric motor 4 and / or the fourth electric motor 19 via the first transmission 2 . The fourth drive axle 8 can be driven by the first electric motor 4 and / or the fourth electric motor 19 .

[0058] Alternatively, the first drive axle 3 and the fourth drive axle 8 and / or the second drive axle 7 and the third drive axle 14 are designed integrally, for example as a front axle and / or a rear axle of the vehicle 1 .

[0059] The first transmission 2 and / or the second transmission 13 are designed as a coupling transmission and / or a superposition transmission and / or a differential transmission.

[0060] The first electric motor 4 is electrically conductively connected to a first inverter 5. The first electric motor 4 is fed by the first inverter 5. The first inverter 5 is electrically conductively connected to a first energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c). The first inverter 5 is configured to generate an AC voltage for the first electric motor 4 from the DC voltage of the first energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c).

[0061] The second electric motor 12 is electrically conductively connected to the second inverter 10. The second electric motor 12 is fed by the second inverter 10. The second inverter 10 is electrically conductively connected to the second electrical energy storage device (9a, 9b, 9c). The second inverter 10 is configured to generate an AC voltage for the second electric motor 12 from the DC voltage of the second electrical energy storage device (9a, 9b, 9c).

[0062] The third electric motor 15 is electrically conductively connected to a third inverter 16. The third electric motor 15 is fed by the third inverter 16. The third inverter 16 is electrically conductively connected to the second energy storage device (9a, 9b, 9c). The third inverter 16 is configured to generate an AC voltage for the third electric motor 15 from the DC voltage of the second energy storage device (9a, 9b, 9c).

[0063] A fourth electric motor 19 is electrically conductively connected to a fourth inverter 18. The fourth electric motor 19 is fed by the fourth inverter 18. The fourth inverter 18 is electrically conductively connected to the first electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c). The fourth inverter 18 is configured to generate an AC voltage for the fourth electric motor 19 from the DC voltage of the first electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c).

[0064] An electrical energy storage system is electrically conductively connected to an external charging station by means of a charging device (not shown in the figures) integrated into vehicle 1. The charging device is configured to charge a first electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c) and / or a second electrical energy storage device (9a, 9b, 9c). For this purpose, a switching unit is arranged between the charging device and the electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c). The switching unit is configured to electrically conductively connect the charging device to one or more electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c). For this purpose, the switching unit comprises a switching element.

[0065] A control unit 17 is connected to the electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c), the inverters (5, 10, 16, 18), the charging device, and the switching unit in a signal-conducting manner, in particular via a data bus, for example, a CAN bus. Preferably, the control unit 17 is connected to the charging device via the switching unit. The control unit 17 is configured to detect and evaluate the operating state, in particular the charging state, of the respective electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c) and to actuate the switching unit and / or the charging device as a function of the operating state of the respective electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c).

[0066] Preferably, the control unit 17 is designed as a central control unit of the vehicle 1. As the central control unit of the vehicle 1, the control unit 17 is connected to sensors and operating interfaces of the vehicle 1 in a signal-conducting manner.

[0067] exist Figure 2 A second embodiment of a vehicle 101 according to the invention is shown in FIG.

[0068] In addition to the electrical energy storage system of vehicle 1 according to the first exemplary embodiment, the electrical energy storage system of vehicle 101 according to the invention according to the second exemplary embodiment has a third electrical energy storage device ( 109 a , 109 b , 109 c ) and a fourth electrical energy storage device ( 106 a , 106 b , 106 c ).

[0069] The third electrical energy accumulators (109a, 109b, 109c) are arranged in series connection and form a third group of electrical energy accumulators (109a, 109b, 109c).

[0070] The third electrical energy storage devices ( 109 a , 109 b , 109 c ) are preferably designed in the same manner, in particular they have the same storage capacity and / or the same maximum voltage and / or the same maximum charging current and / or the same maximum discharging current.

[0071] The fourth electrical energy accumulators (106a, 106b, 106c) are arranged in series connection and form a fourth group of electrical energy accumulators (106a, 106b, 106c).

[0072] The fourth electrical energy storage devices ( 106 a , 106 b , 106 c ) are preferably designed in the same manner, in particular they have the same storage capacity and / or the same maximum voltage and / or the same maximum charging current and / or the same maximum discharging current.

[0073] Preferably, the first electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c) is designed differently from the second electrical energy storage device (9a, 9b, 9c) and / or the third electrical energy storage device (109a, 109b, 109c) and / or the fourth electrical energy storage device (106a, 106b, 106c). For example, the first electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c) and / or the fourth electrical energy storage device (106a, 106b, 106c) is designed as an electrical high-energy storage device, and the second electrical energy storage device (9a, 9b, 9c) and / or the third electrical energy storage device (109a, 109b, 109c) is designed as an electrical high-power storage device.

[0074] The first electrical energy storage device ( 6 a , 6 b , 6 c ) is electrically conductively connected to the first electric motor 4 , wherein a first inverter 5 is interposed between the first electrical energy storage device ( 6 a , 6 b , 6 c ) and the first electric motor 4 .

[0075] The second electrical energy storage device ( 9 a , 9 b , 9 c ) is electrically conductively connected to the second electric motor 12 , wherein a second inverter 10 is interposed between the second electrical energy storage device ( 9 a , 9 b , 9 c ) and the second electric motor 12 .

[0076] The third electrical energy storage device ( 109 a , 109 b , 109 c ) is electrically conductively connected to the third electric motor 15 , wherein a third inverter 16 is interconnected between the third electrical energy storage device ( 109 a , 109 b , 109 c ) and the third electric motor 15 .

[0077] The fourth electrical energy storage device ( 106 a , 106 b , 106 c ) is electrically conductively connected to the fourth electric motor 19 , wherein a fourth inverter 18 is interposed between the fourth electrical energy storage device ( 106 a , 106 b , 106 c ) and the fourth electric motor 19 .

[0078] exist Figure 31 shows a time flow chart of a method 200 according to the present invention for charging an electrical energy storage system. The electrical energy storage system comprises electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c), each of which is assigned to a group of electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c), in particular a first group of electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c), a second group of electrical energy storage devices (9a, 9b, 9c), a third group of electrical energy storage devices (109a, 109b, 109c), or a fourth group of electrical energy storage devices (106a, 106b, 106c).

[0079] In a first method step 201 , the charge state of the electrical energy storage device ( 6 a , 6 b , 6 c , 9 a , 9 b , 9 c , 106 a , 106 b , 106 c , 109 a , 109 b , 109 c ) is detected.

[0080] In a second method step 202 , it is determined which electrical energy storage device ( 6 a , 6 b , 6 c , 9 a , 9 b , 9 c , 106 a , 106 b , 106 c , 109 a , 109 b , 109 c ) has the highest state of charge and which electrical energy storage device ( 6 a , 6 b , 6 c , 9 a , 9 b , 9 c , 106 a , 106 b , 106 c , 109 a , 109 b , 109 c ) has the lowest state of charge.

[0081] In a third method step 203 , it is checked whether the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with the lowest state of charge and the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with the highest state of charge are assigned to the same group of electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c).

[0082] A group of electrical energy stores (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) comprises electrical energy stores (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) which are assigned to the same drive axle (3, 7, 8, 14) of vehicle 1 and / or the same electric motor (4, 12, 15, 19) of vehicle 1 and / or are designed in the same manner and / or are arranged in a series circuit.

[0083] If the electrical energy storage device with the highest state of charge (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) and the electrical energy storage device with the lowest state of charge (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are assigned to the same group of electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c), then in a fourth method step 204, the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with the lowest state of charge is charged until it has the same state of charge as the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with the highest state of charge. Subsequently, the electric energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) of another group of electric energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are charged until they reach the highest state of charge, starting with the electric energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the lowest state of charge in the group, and one As soon as the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with the lowest state of charge has reached the charge state of the corresponding electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with the higher state of charge, the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with the higher state of charge is charged.

[0084] If the electrical energy storage device with the highest state of charge (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) and the electrical energy storage device with the lowest state of charge (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are assigned to different groups of electrical energy storage devices, Energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c), in a fifth method step it is checked whether all electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are to be charged to a maximum state of charge.

[0085] If not all electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are to be charged to the maximum state of charge, then in a sixth method step 206 the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the lowest state of charge is charged. 9c) until the electric energy storage device has reached the charge state of the electric energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the highest charge state among the electric energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) of the group assigned to it. The electric energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) of the other group of electric energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are then charged until the electric energy storage device has reached the highest charge level in its group. The charge states of the electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) of the group, starting with the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with the lowest charge state within the group. Subsequently, all electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are charged simultaneously until they have reached the charge state of the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the highest charge state of all electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c).

[0086] If all electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are to be charged to a maximum state of charge, then in a seventh method step 207 the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the lowest state of charge is charged until it has reached the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the highest state of charge within the group. All electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) of the group are then charged until they have reached the charge state of the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the highest charge state of all the electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c). The electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the lowest state of charge at that moment is then charged until it has reached the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the highest state of charge of all the electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c). This is done until all electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) have reached the charge state of the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the highest charge state.

[0087] In an eighth method step 208 , which follows the fourth method step 204 or the sixth method step 206 or the seventh method step 207 , all electrical energy storage devices ( 6 a, 6 b, 6 c, 9 a, 9 b, 9 c, 106 a, 106 b, 106 c, 109 a, 109 b, 109 c) are charged simultaneously to a maximum state of charge and / or the method for charging the electrical energy storage devices ( 6 a, 6 b, 6 c, 9 a, 9 b, 9 c, 106 a, 106 b, 106 c, 109 a, 109 b, 109 c) is terminated.

[0088] The maximum charge state of the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) is the charge state up to which the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) can be charged to the maximum extent without being damaged thereby. If the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) has reached its maximum charge voltage, the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) has a maximum charge state.

[0089] If the electrical energy storage system has more than two groups of electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c), then after the fourth method step 204 or the sixth method step 206 or the seventh method step 207, before all electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are charged to a maximum state of charge, the electrical energy storage device with the lowest state of charge at that time is determined. energy accumulator (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) and the electrical energy accumulator (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the second highest state of charge at this moment, and continuing the method for the electrical energy accumulator (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with a third method step 203.

[0090] An electrical energy storage device is understood here to be a rechargeable energy storage device, in particular an energy storage device having electrochemical energy storage cells and / or an energy storage module having at least one electrochemical energy storage cell and / or an energy storage pack having at least one energy storage module. The energy storage cells can be designed as lithium-based battery cells, in particular lithium-ion battery cells. Alternatively, the energy storage cells can be designed as lithium polymer battery cells, nickel metal hydride battery cells, lead-acid battery cells, lithium-air battery cells, or lithium-sulfur battery cells.

[0091] In this case, a vehicle is understood to be a land vehicle, in particular a car or bus or truck or mobile working machine or unmanned transport system, or a water vehicle or an aircraft. The vehicle can be designed to be autonomously controllable.

Claims

1. A method (200) for charging an electrical energy storage system having electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) each assigned to a group of electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c), the method comprising method steps that follow one another in time: wherein in a first method step (201) the charge state of the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) is detected, wherein in a second method step (202) it is determined which electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) has the highest state of charge and which electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) has the lowest state of charge, In a third method step (203), it is checked whether the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with the lowest state of charge and the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with the highest state of charge are assigned to the same group of electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c), wherein in a fourth method step (204), the electric energy storage system is charged according to a first variant if the electric energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with the highest state of charge and the electric energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with the lowest state of charge are assigned to the same group of electric energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c), in, In a fifth method step (205), if the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with the highest state of charge and the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with the lowest state of charge 9c) are assigned to different groups of electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c), it is checked whether all electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are to be charged to a maximum state of charge, wherein, in a sixth method step (206), the electrical energy storage system is charged according to a second variant if not all electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are to be charged to a maximum state of charge, In this case, in a seventh method step (207), if all electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are to be charged to a maximum charge state, the electrical energy storage system is charged according to a third variant.

2. The method (200) according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The electric energy accumulators (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) of a group of electric energy accumulators (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are assigned to the same drive axle (3, 7, 8, 14) of the vehicle (1, 101) and / or the same electric motor (4, 12, 15, 19) of the vehicle (1, 101) and / or are designed in the same manner and / or are arranged in series connection.

3. The method (200) according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In a fourth method step (204), the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with the lowest state of charge is charged until it has the same state of charge as the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with the highest state of charge, wherein a further group of electrical energy storage devices (6a, The electric energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) of the electric energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are charged until they reach the charge state of the electric energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the highest charge state.

4. The method (200) according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In a sixth method step (206), the electric energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the lowest state of charge is charged until it has reached the state of charge of the electric energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the highest state of charge among the electric energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) of the group assigned to it. 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c), wherein the electric energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) of the other group of electric energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are subsequently charged until the electric energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are charged. The state of charge of the electric energy accumulator (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the highest state of charge in its group is reached, starting with the electric energy accumulator (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the lowest state of charge in the group, wherein all electric energy accumulators (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are then charged simultaneously. b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are charged until the electrical energy storage device has reached the charge state of the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the highest charge state of all the electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c).

5. The method (200) according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In a seventh method step (207), the electric energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with the lowest state of charge is charged until it has reached the electric energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with the highest state of charge within the group. a state of charge, wherein all electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) of the group are subsequently charged until the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) has reached the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the highest state of charge , 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c), wherein the electric energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) of the other group of electric energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the lowest state of charge is then charged. 6c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are charged until these energy storage devices have reached the charge state of the energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the highest charge state of all energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c).

6. The method (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that When a group of electric energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) comprises more than two electric energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c), in order to charge all the electric energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) of a group, the electric energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the smallest state of charge in the group is charged. 6c, 109a, 109b, 109c) and as soon as the electrical energy storage device with the lowest state of charge (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) has reached the state of charge of the corresponding electrical energy storage device with a higher state of charge (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) the electrical energy storage device with the higher state of charge (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) is charged.

7. The method (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that In an eighth method step (208) following the fourth method step (204) or the sixth method step (206) or the seventh method step (207), all electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are charged to a maximum state of charge and / or the method for charging the electrical energy storage device system is terminated.

8. The method (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that If the electrical energy storage system has more than two groups of electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c), then after the fourth method step (204) or the sixth method step (206) or the seventh method step (207), the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 109c) having the lowest state of charge at that time is determined. 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) and an electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) having the second highest state of charge at that moment, and continuing the method for the electrical energy storage device (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) with a third method step (203).

9. An electrical energy storage system, wherein the electrical energy storage system is configured to be operated by means of a method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, It is characterized in that The electrical energy storage system comprises electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c), which are each assigned to a group of electrical energy storage devices (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c).

10. The electrical energy storage system according to claim 9, It is characterized in that The electrical energy accumulators (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) of a group of electrical energy accumulators (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are designed of the same type and / or are arranged in series connection.

11. A vehicle (1, 101) having an electrical energy storage system according to claim 9 or 10.

12. The vehicle (1, 101) according to claim 11, It is characterized in that The electric energy accumulators (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) of a group of electric energy accumulators (6a, 6b, 6c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 106a, 106b, 106c, 109a, 109b, 109c) are assigned to the same drive axle (3, 7, 8, 14) and / or the same electric motor (4, 12, 15, 19) of the vehicle (1, 101).

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