Naked-eye 3D display device

Abstract

The present invention provides a naked-eye three-dimensional display device. The naked-eye three-dimensional display device includes: a display component comprising a display unit array formed by a plurality of display unit arrays; and a viewing angle controller comprising a micro-prism block array formed by a plurality of micro-prism block arrays. The micro-prism blocks of the micro-prism block array are divided into multiple groups, and the angle combination of the first angle and the second angle of each micro-prism block is pre-set so that the output light from the same group of micro-prism blocks converges to the same viewpoint, while the output light from different groups of micro-prism blocks converges to different viewpoints. In this way, by setting the angles of the inclined surfaces of each micro-prism block, multiple different viewpoints are formed, thereby achieving different three-dimensional display effects at different viewing angles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a naked-eye three-dimensional display device. Background Art

[0002] As one of the primary sources of information for humans, vision is extremely important in daily life. Unlike natural scenery, traditional display devices can only present two-dimensional images. This flat, flat information, lacking depth, has, to a certain extent, limited human exploration and understanding of the vast world. Research shows that almost 50% of the human brain is used to process visual information, and the presentation of two-dimensional images reduces brain utilization. Glasses-free 3D (three-dimensional, 3D) displays have enormous application value in film and television, gaming, education, automotive, aviation, medical care, and the military. For example, in the military, 3D image visualization is required in every aspect, from mechanical manufacturing and battlefield analysis to military command and remote operation, significantly improving work efficiency. Therefore, 3D display has been hailed as the "next-generation display technology," becoming a key research area and a technology that many display companies are vying to develop.

[0003] The mechanisms and methods for achieving naked-eye 3D display based on parallax barriers, cylindrical lens arrays, spatiotemporal multiplexing, or integrated light fields all utilize optical elements with periodic microstructures or nanostructures to phase-control the display light field, projecting image information from different perspectives as nearly parallel beams. Despite significant progress in autostereoscopic display technology, naked-eye 3D display technology has yet to successfully enter the flat-panel display field. Display issues such as vertigo (convergence-mediation contradictions), image crosstalk / ghosting, and reduced resolution, as well as device structural issues such as ultra-thinness and light efficiency, urgently need to be addressed.

[0004] Both the visually impaired method and the micro-lenticular lens grating method are based on the parallax principle, which has been around for over 100 years. Companies both domestically and internationally have continuously demonstrated prototypes of glasses-free 3D displays based on this principle. However, issues such as image crosstalk, which can easily cause visual fatigue, have hindered the adoption of glasses-free 3D displays in consumer electronics.

[0005] Chinese patent CN 105959672 B discloses a naked-eye 3D display device based on active light-emitting display technology. It proposes using a directional phase plate containing a nano-grating pixel structure to modulate the wavefront of the incident image to form a multi-view 3D image. However, the pixels of the phase plate must be perfectly aligned with the pixels of the display screen, which is a complex process and difficult to achieve precise alignment. Furthermore, the nano-grating modulated light uses its -1st order light to converge the viewpoint, and its theoretical maximum diffraction efficiency is only 40%, resulting in low light utilization.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to propose an improved solution to overcome the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] An object of the present invention is to provide a naked-eye three-dimensional display device, which can achieve different three-dimensional display effects under different viewing angles.

[0008] To achieve the purpose of the invention, according to one aspect of the invention, a naked-eye three-dimensional display device is provided. The naked-eye three-dimensional display device includes: a display component, comprising a display unit array formed by a plurality of display unit arrays; a viewing angle controller, comprising a micro-prism block array formed by a plurality of micro-prism block arrays, wherein each micro-prism block corresponds to a display unit and includes a first surface proximal to the display unit and a second surface distal to the display unit. Light from the display unit enters the micro-prism block through the first surface of the micro-prism block and then exits the prism block through the second surface of the micro-prism block. The second surface of the micro-prism block forms a first angle with the first surface in a first direction, and the second surface of the micro-prism block forms a second angle with the first surface in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The light emitted from the second surface of the micro-prism block has an exit angle relative to the light display surface of the display unit that is related to the first angle and the second angle. The microprism blocks of the microprism block array are divided into multiple groups, and the angle combination of the first angle and the second angle of each microprism block is set in advance so that: the outgoing light rays of the same group of microprism blocks converge into the same viewpoint, and the outgoing light rays of different groups of microprism blocks converge into different viewpoints.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the micro-prism blocks in the present invention can project the light from the display units to a specified direction according to the settings. In this way, the light from the same group of display units is propagated through the corresponding micro-prism blocks and converges to the same viewpoint, and the light from different groups of display units is propagated through the corresponding micro-prism blocks and converges to different viewpoints, thereby achieving different three-dimensional display effects at different viewing angles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a display assembly in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0011] Figure 2 is a schematic side structural diagram of a display assembly in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 3 It is a two-dimensional plane schematic diagram of the light path of a point light source;

[0013] Figure 4 The optical path principle diagram of plane spf mapping plane xoz;

[0014] Figure 5 The optical path principle diagram of plane spf mapping plane yoz;

[0015] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a naked-eye three-dimensional display device in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A top view of the aperture array diaphragm in FIG;

[0017] Figure 8 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the light propagation effect of the aperture of the aperture array diaphragm;

[0018] Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the naked-eye three-dimensional display device of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure for adding a shielding device at the junction of micro-prism blocks;

[0020] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of each group of micro-prism blocks in the micro-prism block array in the naked-eye 3D display device of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 12 A design process of a viewing angle controller is shown;

[0022] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the display assembly in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 14 This is the light effect principle diagram of the grating structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined purpose of the invention, the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0025] By adjusting the angle of the inclined surface of the micro-prismatic blocks, the present invention can control the angle of light emitted from the micro-prismatic blocks. Based on this principle, light from the same group of display units can be propagated through corresponding micro-prismatic blocks to converge to the same viewpoint, while light from different groups of display units can be propagated through corresponding micro-prismatic blocks to converge to different viewpoints, thereby achieving different three-dimensional display effects at different viewing angles.

[0026] First embodiment

[0027] In a first embodiment, the present invention may provide a display component, which may be a display pixel or a display unit. Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a display assembly in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the display assembly in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 and 2 As shown, the display assembly 100 includes a display unit 110 and a microprism block 120 .

[0028] The microprism block 120 includes a first surface 121 proximal to the display unit 110 and a second surface 122 distal to the display unit 110. Light ray n from the display unit 110 enters the microprism block 120 through the first surface 121 and then exits the microprism block 120 through the second surface 122. The second surface 122 forms a first angle θ1 with the first surface 121 in a first direction x, and the second surface 122 forms a second angle θ2 with the first surface in a second direction y perpendicular to the first direction x. The angle of exit of the light ray exiting from the second surface is related to the first angle θ1 and the second angle θ2. Specifically, the first angle and the second angle of the microprism block are set to a predetermined angle combination, so that the light ray exiting the microprism block has a predetermined angle of exit.

[0029] Figure 1 and 2 In the embodiment, the first surface 121 of the micro-prism block is parallel to the light-displaying surface of the display unit 110, and the second surface 122 is an inclined surface relative to the first surface 121. In another embodiment, the micro-prism block can also be arranged upside down, that is, the second surface (the surface away from the display unit) of the micro-prism block is parallel to the light-displaying surface of the display unit, and the first surface (the surface close to the display unit) is an inclined surface relative to the second surface.

[0030] The micro prism block controls the angle of light emitted from the second surface by the refraction principle. Figure 1 As shown, the angle of the light emitted from the second surface 122 can be defined by two parameters, one parameter is the direction of the emitted light on the plane xoy, and the other is the angle of the emitted light relative to the plane xoy. The wavelength of the emitted light is N times less than the side length of the microprism block, and N is greater than or equal to 2. For example, the wavelength range of red light is: 625~740nm, then the side length of the microprism block can be more than 3.7um. Figure 1 and 2 In the embodiment, the incident light of the microprism block, that is, the light emitted from the display unit 110 may be perpendicular to the first surface 121 or may not be perpendicular to the first surface 121.

[0031] In one embodiment, the display unit is one or more luminous pixels, which may be LED pixels or LCD pixels. In this case, the display unit may be one or several pixels in the display screen of an electronic product, and the content displayed by the LED pixels or LCD pixels may be actively changed. In another embodiment, the display unit may also be one or more reflective pixels, which do not actively emit light themselves, but light projected from the outside onto the reflective pixels will be reflected by the reflective pixels. In this case, the display unit may be one or several pixels in a static image. The display unit may also be referred to as a display pixel.

[0032] The following is combined Figure 1-5 The principle of controlling the emission angle of the emitted light by the microprism block will be described in detail.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the surface of the display unit is located in the plane xoy, and the normal direction n is parallel to the z-axis. The lower surface (i.e., the first surface) of the microprism block is parallel to the display unit, and the upper surface (i.e., the second surface) forms a certain angle with the xoy plane, that is, the upper surface is an inclined surface. In another embodiment, the microprism block can also be turned upside down, that is, the upper surface of the microprism block is parallel to the display unit, and the lower surface forms a certain angle with the xoy plane. The first angle of inclination formed by the inclined surface of the microprism block and the surface xoy in the plane xoz is θ1, and the second angle of inclination formed with the surface xoy in the plane yoz is θ2. The normal direction of the inclined surface is set to n', and the lowest point sag of the inclined surface is h. The five variables of the inclined surface parameters (θ1, θ2, h) and the pixel position (x, y) of the microprism block can fully express the light field information and realize the control of the emitted light. The lowest point sag h of the inclined surface can be 0 or a height other than 0. The lowest point sag h of the inclined surface does not affect the emission angle of the emitted light.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the plane is formed by the normal direction n of the plane where the display unit 110 is located and the normal direction n' of the inclined surface of the micro-prism block.

[0035] When the wavelength λ of the incident light wave is much smaller than the size P of a single pixel (such as the side length of the microprism block) (P ≥ 2λ), its emission direction follows Snell's law:

[0036] n1sinα=n2sinβ

[0037] Where n1 is the refractive index of the incident medium, Figure 2 Where n is the refractive index of the microprism block; n2 is the refractive index of the output medium. Figure 2where is the refractive index of air, α and β are the incident angle and the exit angle of the light on the second surface 122, respectively.

[0038] Therefore, by changing θ1 and θ2, any angle n' relative to the xoy plane within the hemisphere along the z-axis can be achieved. That is, the surface composed of the normal direction n of the xoy plane and the normal direction n' of the inclined surface can rotate around the normal direction n of the xoy plane. The output angle can then be controlled by the Snell's law formula to achieve independent control of the two angle variables (θ, φ). Combined with the pixel position (x, y) control, at least four variables can be independently controlled to achieve control of the output light.

[0039] In naked eye 3D display, Figure 3 As shown, in order to make the light emitted by the point light source converge to the specified convergence point, it is necessary to calculate the first angle and the second angle of the micro-prism block corresponding to each display pixel, thereby determining the surface shape of each display unit.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, a point light source is located at s(xs, ys, zs). The light emitted by it passes through the center point p(xp, yp, 0) of the structured surface (i.e., the inclined surface of the microprism block). p is set at the center of a microprism block and at half the height of the microprism block. After refraction, it converges at point f(xf, yf, zf). Here, it is assumed that the normal of the plane formed by the three-dimensional coordinates s, p, and f is exactly perpendicular to the normal of the structured surface. The structured surface is in air, the refractive index of the entire structured surface is n, the refractive index of air is 1, the total thickness of the photoresist and substrate is t, the height of the microprism block is h, and the inclination angle of each small microprism block is θ. Φ and δ are the angles between the incident and outgoing light rays and the lines perpendicular to the structured surface, respectively. θ and β, Ψ and σ are the incident and refraction angles on either side of the structured incident and exiting surfaces, respectively. sp and fp are the perpendicular distances from the light source s and the focal point f to the structured surface, respectively.

[0041] Plane derivation based on known conditions:

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] According to Snell's law, the incident surface of the structure:

[0045] nsinβ=sina=sin(φ+θ)

[0046]

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] Exit surface:

[0050]

[0051] Θθ=β+ψ

[0052] ∴

[0053] ∴Substitute (2) into (1)

[0054]

[0055] As can be seen from the above formula, the tilt angle θ of the microprism block can be obtained by simply obtaining the structural refractive index n, angles A, B, and pf, where A, B, and pf can all be obtained through three point light sources s, pixel position p, and focusing point f in two-dimensional space.

[0056] In fact, in the three-dimensional space, the light source s(xs,ys,zs), the pixel point p(xp,yp,0) on the structural surface and the focusing point f(xf,yf,zf) are not perpendicular to the normal of the plane spf and have a certain angle with each other.

[0057] Here, the plane spf is mapped to the two x0z planes and 0yz planes perpendicular to the structural plane xy0, which can be understood as the phase modulation of the incident light on the x-axis and the y-axis by the prism slope respectively.

[0058] like Figure 4 As shown, we can get:

[0059]

[0060] By solving the above implicit function, we can obtain the inclination angle θ1 (i.e., the first angle) formed by the inclined surface of the microprism block and the surface xoy in the xoz plane.

[0061] like Figure 5 As shown, we can get:

[0062]

[0063] By solving the above implicit function, we can obtain the inclination angle θ2 (i.e., the second angle) formed by the inclined surface of the microprism block and the surface xoy at yoz.

[0064] When the light source is emitted by a flat-panel display such as an LCD or LED, the incident light can be approximately considered parallel, with angles Ax and Ay both being 90°. The formula is:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Second embodiment

[0068] In a second embodiment, the present invention may provide a naked-eye three-dimensional display device. Figure 6 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a naked-eye three-dimensional display device in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 As shown, the naked-eye 3D display device 600 includes a display component 610 and a viewing angle controller 620 .

[0069] The display component 610 includes a display unit array formed by an array of multiple display units. The display component 610 can be a display screen such as an LED or LCD. In this case, the display screen emits light, which is visible to the human eye. In this case, each display unit of the display component 610 is a light-emitting pixel. In another embodiment, the display component 610 can also be a static image that does not actively emit light and requires reflected light to be visible. In this case, each display unit is a reflective pixel, not a light-emitting pixel.

[0070] exist Figure 6 In the example, only six display units are shown, namely 610-1 to 610-6. Obviously, there can be hundreds, thousands, tens of thousands or more display units. The viewing angle controller 620 includes a micro-prism block array formed by arranging a plurality of micro-prism blocks. Figure 6 In the embodiment, only six micro-prismatic blocks, 620-1 to 620-6, are shown as examples. Obviously, there may be hundreds, thousands, tens of thousands, or even more micro-prismatic blocks. Each micro-prismatic block and a corresponding display unit can constitute the display assembly 100 described in the first embodiment. For details about each micro-prismatic block, each display unit, and how the two work together, please refer to the description of the display assembly 100. The repeated content will not be repeated here.

[0071] Each display unit can be referred to as a pixel. From another perspective, the combination of each display unit and the corresponding microprism block can also be referred to as a pixel.

[0072] like Figure 6As shown, the first surfaces (surfaces close to the display unit) of the micro-prism blocks 620-1 to 620-6 are planar, and the second surfaces are inclined relative to the first surfaces. The first surfaces of the micro-prism blocks 620-1 to 620-6 are coplanar. As described above, in another embodiment, the viewing angle controller 620 can also be flipped over, with the inclined surfaces facing the display unit. In this case, the second surfaces (surfaces away from the display unit) of the micro-prism blocks are planar, and the first surfaces (surfaces close to the display unit) are inclined relative to the second surfaces. In this case, the second surfaces of the micro-prism blocks are coplanar.

[0073] The micro-prism blocks of the micro-prism block array are divided into multiple groups, and the angle combination of the first angle and the second angle of each micro-prism block is pre-set so that: the outgoing light of the micro-prism blocks of the same group converges to the same viewpoint, and the outgoing light of the micro-prism blocks of different groups converges to different viewpoints. Figure 6 As shown, the microprism blocks are divided into three groups: microprism blocks 620-1 and 620-4 form a group, with the outgoing light rays converging into viewpoint 1; microprism blocks 620-2 and 620-5 form a group, with the outgoing light rays converging into viewpoint 2; and microprism blocks 620-3 and 620-6 form a group, with the outgoing light rays converging into viewpoint 3. In actual use, the microprism blocks can be divided into at least three groups, for example, hundreds or thousands of groups. The more groups of microprism blocks there are, the more independent viewpoints there are; each group of microprism blocks can also contain hundreds, thousands, or even more microprism blocks. The display unit array is configured to simultaneously display multiple images with different viewing angles. The display units corresponding to each group of microprism blocks display an image with one viewing angle, while the display units corresponding to different groups of microprism blocks display images with different viewing angles. Because the viewpoints in the present invention are formed by the convergence of the outgoing light rays, they have high clarity, no crosstalk, and are less likely to cause dizziness in the viewer. The micro-prism block in the present invention controls the emission direction of light through the principle of refraction, and has a high light utilization rate compared to the nano-grating light modulation method in the prior art.

[0074] More specifically, the first angle and the second angle of each microprism block are set to a predetermined angle combination, so that the light emitted by each microprism block has a predetermined output angle, and thus the output light of the same group of microprism blocks converges to the same viewpoint, and the output light of different groups of microprism blocks converges to different viewpoints.

[0075] When viewing from one viewpoint, you can see an image of one viewing angle displayed by the display unit corresponding to a group of microprism blocks corresponding to that viewpoint. When viewing from different viewpoints, you can see images of different viewing angles displayed by the display units corresponding to different groups of microprism blocks. For example, Figure 6 From the viewpoint 1, you can see the first perspective images displayed by the display units 610-1 and 610-4. Figure 6From the viewpoint 2, you can see the images of the second perspective displayed by the display units 610-2 and 610-5. Figure 6 When viewed from viewpoint 3, images of the third perspective displayed by display units 610-3 and 610-6 can be seen.

[0076] Since there is a certain distance between the two eyes of a person, they are located at two different viewpoints. In this way, the user can see 3D images with the naked eye. As the person moves, the eyes of the person are always located at two different viewpoints. For example, Figure 6 As shown, the user's right eye is at viewpoint 1 and the left eye is at viewpoint 2, and they see a 3D image composed of the image from the first perspective and the image from the second perspective (the two images have a perspective difference). After the user moves to the left, the user's right eye is at viewpoint 2 and the left eye is at viewpoint 3, and they see a 3D image composed of the image from the second perspective and the image from the third perspective. As shown above, the naked-eye 3D display device of the present invention can actually have hundreds or thousands of viewpoints, and can obtain continuous parallax images without crosstalk, realizing fatigue-free naked-eye 3D display.

[0077] For microprism block 620-1, since its predetermined convergence viewpoint is already determined, the incident direction and exit angle of its light rays are also determined. This calculation yields the first and second angles of the inclined surfaces on microprism block 620-1. The first and second angles of the inclined surfaces of microprism blocks 620-2 through 620-6 are then calculated one by one. Ultimately, it is determined that the light rays from microprism blocks 620-1 and 620-4 are directed toward viewpoint 1, the light rays from microprism blocks 620-2 and 620-5 are directed toward viewpoint 2, and the light rays from microprism blocks 620-3 and 620-6 are directed toward viewpoint 3.

[0078] like Figure 6 As shown, the naked-eye 3D display device further includes an aperture array diaphragm 630 located between the display unit 610 and the viewing angle controller 620. The aperture array diaphragm 630 includes apertures arranged in an array, each aperture corresponding to a display unit. Light emitted by a display unit passes through the corresponding aperture and is transmitted to the corresponding microprism block. The aperture array diaphragm 630 can collimate the light emitted by the display unit 610. Figure 7 for Figure 6 A top view of the aperture array diaphragm in . Figure 7 As shown, the aperture 631 is a square column. In other embodiments, the aperture can also be a circular column or a polygonal column. Figure 8 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the light propagation effect of the aperture array diaphragm. Figure 8In the embodiment, the diameter of the aperture 631 facing the display unit is smaller than the diameter of the aperture 631 facing the microprism block, which can improve the light shaping effect. Of course, in other embodiments, the diameters of the apertures can also be the same.

[0079] Figure 9 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the naked eye three-dimensional display device of the present invention. Figure 9 As shown, the naked eye three-dimensional display device includes a display component 910 and a viewing angle controller 620. The structure and principle of the viewing angle controller 620 are similar to those of FIG. Figure 6 The structure and principle of the viewing angle controller 620 are the same.

[0080] Figure 9 The display component 910 used in the naked eye three-dimensional display device is not a parallel light source, such as Figure 6 The display unit array is composed of multiple display unit arrays, such as LED display screens or LCD display screens, but a point light source, such as a projection display unit.

[0081] The projection display unit can be viewed as a point light source s(xs, ys, zs). The pixel array projected by the projection display unit corresponds to each microprism block on the viewing angle controller 620. The viewing angle controller 620 is filled with microprism blocks (also called structural pixels) p(xp, yp, 0) that modulate the light's outgoing direction according to the angle of the incident light. The microprism blocks at each pixel converge light to the designed viewpoint position f(xf, yf, zf). The microprism block's tilt surface parameter vector height h is fixed. Based on the basic formula for point light source, pixel, viewpoint position, and free angle, the tilt surface parameters θ1 and θ2 of each microprism block structure can be derived. The observer's eyes see different viewpoints, and different viewpoints correspond to two corresponding images with parallax, thus producing a 3D effect.

[0082] like Figure 10 As shown, at the junction of the microprism blocks, light crosstalk between different microprism blocks can be reduced by adding a shielding device 640. The shielding device 640 can be a separate device located above or below the viewing angle controller, or integrated (embedded) on the viewing angle controller.

[0083] To further understand the working principle of the microprism block array, Figure 11 The structure examples of each group of micro prism blocks in the micro prism block array in the naked eye three-dimensional display device of the present invention are shown. Figure 11As shown, the micro-prism blocks in the micro-prism block array 620 are divided into four groups. The first group is marked as 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d. The first group converges light to obtain viewpoint 1. At viewpoint 1, the observer can observe the first parallax image composed of the micro-prism blocks 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d being illuminated by the corresponding display unit group. The second group is marked as 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d. The second group converges light to obtain viewpoint 2. At viewpoint 2, the observer can observe the micro-prism blocks 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d being illuminated by the corresponding display unit group. The second parallax image is formed by the illuminated units. The third group is labeled 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d. This third group of converging rays forms viewpoint 3. At viewpoint 3, the observer can see the third parallax image formed by the microprism blocks 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d being illuminated by the corresponding display unit groups. The fourth group is labeled 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d. This fourth group of converging rays forms viewpoint 4. At viewpoint 4, the observer can see the fourth parallax image formed by the microprism blocks 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d being illuminated by the corresponding display unit groups. It can be seen that the individual microprism blocks in each group of microprism blocks are also arranged in an array, that is, the individual microprism blocks in each group of microprism blocks are arranged in at least two rows and at least two columns. Because the individual microprism blocks in each group of microprism blocks are in different positions, but the outgoing light rays need to be converged to a single viewpoint, the outgoing light rays of each microprism block in each group of microprism blocks have different directions. The microprism blocks in each row of the microprism block array are divided into at least two different groups of microprism blocks, and the microprism blocks in each column of the microprism block array are divided into at least two different groups of microprism blocks.

[0084] The design process of the viewing angle controller 620 is introduced below. Figure 12 A design process of a viewing angle controller is shown.

[0085] If combined Figure 6 and Figure 12 As shown in FIG, in 3D display design, the screen position, viewpoint distribution (including the number of viewpoints, viewpoint interval, visible range, etc.) and incident light distribution are generally determined first according to application requirements, such as Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the incident light is parallel light, such as Figure 9As shown, the incident light is incident from a point light source. Afterwards, the viewpoint allocation method of the screen pixels is determined according to the pixel size and arrangement of the display screen, that is, which pixels are grouped together and which viewpoint corresponds to each group of pixels. Thus, the relative position relationship between the display screen and the viewpoint distribution is determined, and then the direction and position of the incident light and the outgoing light of the screen pixels are calculated one by one. Here, the direction of the outgoing light of the screen pixel refers to the outgoing angle of the outgoing light of the microprism block corresponding to the display unit. Based on the direction of the incident light and the outgoing angle of the outgoing light, according to Snell's (refraction) law, the normal direction, inclination angle and sagittal height of the inclined surface of the microprism block on the corresponding pixel of the viewing angle controller can be calculated. The inclined surface defined by the normal direction and inclination angle here is consistent with the inclined surface defined by the first angle and the second angle, except that the parameters used are different, but the physical meaning is the same. Thus, the morphological parameters of the viewing angle control device are obtained. Finally, according to the actual processing requirements, it is decided whether to cut the inclined surface, and finally the preparation and processing of the viewing angle controller is realized.

[0086] Figure 13 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the display assembly in another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 As shown, the display assembly 200 includes a display unit 210 and a microprism block 220. The microprism block 220 includes a first surface 221 proximal to the display unit 210 and a second surface 222 distal to the display unit 210. Light ray n from the display unit 210 enters the microprism block 220 through the first surface 221 and then exits the microprism block 120 through the second surface 222. The second surface 222 forms a first angle θ1 with the first surface 221 in a first direction x, and the second surface 222 forms a second angle θ2 with the first surface in a second direction y perpendicular to the first direction x. The angle of light emitted from the second surface is related to the first angle θ1 and the second angle θ2. Specifically, the first angle and the second angle of the microprism block are set to a predetermined angle combination so that the light emitted from the microprism block has a predetermined angle of exit.

[0087] Figure 13 The structure of the display component 200 is similar to Figure 1 The structure of the display component 100 is basically the same, except that the display component 200 further includes a grating structure arranged on the second surface 222. Through the unique angle selectivity and wavelength selectivity of the grating, a preset color can be seen at a specific angle.

[0088] The principle of the grating structure can be found in Figure 14 , the structure of the diffraction grating with a structure scale at the nanometer level in the XY plane and the XZ plane. According to the grating equation, the period and orientation angle of the diffraction grating pixel 101 satisfy the following relationship:

[0089] (1)tanφ1=sinφ / (cosφ-nsinθ(Λ / λ))

[0090] (2) sin 2 (θ1)=(λ / Λ) 2 +(n sinθ) 2 -2nsinθcosφ(λ / Λ)

[0091] Here, light is incident on the XY plane at a certain angle. θ1 and φ1 represent the diffraction angle (the angle between the diffracted light and the positive z-axis) and azimuth (the angle between the diffracted light and the positive x-axis) of diffracted light 202, respectively. θ and λ represent the incident angle (the angle between the incident light and the positive z-axis) and wavelength of light source 201, respectively. ∧ and φ represent the period and orientation angle (the angle between the groove direction and the positive y-axis) of nano-diffraction grating 101, respectively. n represents the refractive index of the light wave in the medium. In other words, once the wavelength and angle of incidence of the incident light, as well as the diffraction angle and azimuth of the diffracted light, are specified, the period and orientation angle of the desired nano-grating can be calculated using the above two formulas. For example, if 650nm red light is incident at a 60° angle, the diffraction angle of the light is 10° and the diffraction azimuth is 45°. The corresponding nano-diffraction grating period is 550nm and the orientation angle is -5.96°. In this way, by designing the period and orientation angle of the prism structure and the grating structure, it is possible to express matching colors at the desired viewpoint position. This can reduce the need for processing accuracy of the prism tilt or the grating period. At the same time, the diffraction efficiency of the grating at a specific observation position can be changed by changing information such as the groove depth and duty cycle of the grating, thereby expressing brightness information. The pixelated prism structure is made of transparent material, and the ambient light is refracted and reflected after reaching the prism structure. At this time, the light has weak wavelength selectivity. After the light passes through the designed pixelated prism structure and the grating on the inclined surface, it presents a colorful 3D image to the human eye.

[0092] Furthermore, it should be noted that if the display unit 210 is a luminous pixel, and the light emitted by the luminous pixel is inherently colored, the display assembly can display a color image even without a grating structure on the second surface. Of course, if a grating structure is additionally provided, the color of the light emitted by the display unit 210 can be further changed, thereby enhancing the lighting effect.

[0093] As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion of elements other than the listed elements and may also include additional elements not specifically listed.

[0094] In this document, directional terms such as front, back, top, and bottom are defined based on the positions of components in the accompanying drawings and relative to each other, and are intended only for clarity and convenience in describing the technical solution. It should be understood that the use of these directional terms should not limit the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0095] In the absence of conflict, the above embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0096] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A naked-eye three-dimensional display device, characterized in that: It includes: Display components; A viewing angle controller includes a microprism block array formed by arranging a plurality of microprism blocks, wherein each microprism block includes a first surface close to the display component and a second surface away from the display component. Light from the display component enters the microprism block through the first surface of the microprism block and then exits the prism block through the second surface of the microprism block. The second surface of the microprism block forms a first angle with the first surface in a first direction, and the second surface of the microprism block forms a second angle with the first surface in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The exit angle of the light emitted from the second surface of the microprism block is related to the first angle and the second angle. The microprism blocks of the microprism block array are divided into at least three groups, and the angle combination of the first included angle and the second included angle of each microprism block is pre-set so that: the outgoing light rays of the microprism blocks of the same group converge to the same viewpoint, and the outgoing light rays of the microprism blocks of different groups converge to different viewpoints. The first included angle and the second included angle of each microprism block are set to a predetermined angle combination so that the light rays emitted by each microprism block have a predetermined exit angle, thereby making the outgoing light rays of the microprism blocks of the same group converge to the same viewpoint. The display component includes a display unit array formed by arranging a plurality of display unit arrays, wherein the display unit array is configured to simultaneously display a plurality of images with different viewing angles, wherein the display units corresponding to each group of microprism blocks display an image with one viewing angle, and the display units corresponding to different groups of microprism blocks display images with different viewing angles. The micro-prism blocks in each group of micro-prism blocks are arranged in at least two rows and at least two columns. Since the micro-prism blocks in each group of micro-prism blocks are in different positions, the directions of the outgoing light rays of the micro-prism blocks in each group of micro-prism blocks are different, so that the outgoing light rays are converged to one viewpoint. A grating structure is provided on the second surface of each microprism block, and the preset color can be seen at a specific angle through the unique angle selectivity and wavelength selectivity of the grating.

2. The naked-eye 3D display device according to claim 1, wherein: The naked-eye three-dimensional display device also includes: an aperture array diaphragm located between the display component and the viewing angle regulator, the aperture array diaphragm including apertures arranged in an array, each aperture corresponding to a display unit, and light emitted by a display unit is transmitted to the corresponding microprism block through the corresponding aperture.

3. The naked-eye 3D display device according to claim 2, wherein: The diameter of the side of the aperture facing the display unit is smaller than the diameter of the side of the aperture facing the microprism block, The shape of the aperture is a circular column, a square column or a polygonal column.

4. The naked-eye 3D display device according to claim 1, wherein: The first surface of the micro-prism block is a plane, the second surface is an inclined surface relative to the first surface, and the first surfaces of the micro-prism blocks are coplanar; or, The second surface of the micro-prism block is a plane, the first surface is an inclined surface relative to the second surface, and the second surfaces of the micro-prism blocks are coplanar.

5. The naked-eye 3D display device according to claim 1, wherein: The micro prism block controls the angle of light emitted from the second surface through the principle of refraction. N times the wavelength of the emitted light is less than the side length of the microprism block, and N is greater than or equal to 2.

6. The naked-eye 3D display device according to claim 1, wherein: The display unit is one or more luminous pixels or one or more reflective pixels, The light-emitting pixels are LED pixels or LCD pixels, Alternatively, the display component is a point light source.

7. The naked-eye 3D display device according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes: A shielding device is provided at the junction of each microprism block. The shielding device is a separate component located above or below the viewing angle regulator, or is integrated on the viewing angle regulator.

Images