Microwave regulation and control multi-channel frequency hopping method and device based on Rydberg atoms

Abstract

The invention discloses a Rydberg atom-based microwave regulation multi-channel frequency hopping device, which comprises an atomic gas chamber, probe light enters and passes through the atomic gas chamber from one end of the atomic gas chamber and then is reflected to a photoelectric detector through a polarization splitting prism, and coupled light is reflected by a reflector and then is transmitted to the photoelectric detector. The coupling light passes through the polarization splitting prism and enters the atomic gas chamber from the other end of the atomic gas chamber, and the coupling light reflected by the reflector and the probe light are overlapped in optical path and opposite in propagation direction; a local oscillator microwave signal generator and an auxiliary microwave signal generator are arranged on one side of the atomic gas chamber, the local oscillator microwave signal generator and the auxiliary microwave signal generator emit microwave signals into the atomic gas chamber, and the other side of the atomic gas chamber receives radio frequency signals to be measured; the invention further discloses a microwave regulation and control multi-channel frequency hopping method based on the Rydberg atoms. By reasonably configuring the frequency of the auxiliary microwave signal and the frequency of the local oscillation microwave signal, flexible frequency hopping of cesium Rydberg atoms in six different channels is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of atomic and molecular optical physics research, specifically relating to a microwave-controlled multi-channel frequency hopping method based on Rydberg atoms, and also to a microwave-controlled multi-channel frequency hopping device based on Rydberg atoms, suitable for frequency hopping communication. Background Technology

[0002] In existing technologies, frequency-hopping communication, as an important means of anti-interference and spectrum management, has been widely used in modern communication systems. In recent years, the development of quantum technology has provided new technical approaches for frequency-hopping communication, with Rydberg atoms attracting significant attention due to their high sensitivity, strong anti-interference capabilities, and flexible spectrum manipulation characteristics. However, existing Rydberg atom frequency-hopping technology mainly relies on the manipulation of atomic energy levels by laser fields, which has significant technical limitations: when a laser excites an atom to a certain Rydberg state, frequency hopping can only be achieved within two channels, greatly limiting the system's communication capacity and flexibility. Furthermore, the generation, control, and stabilization of laser fields typically require complex optical systems, which not only increases system complexity but also makes the system extremely sensitive to external environments (such as temperature and vibration), affecting the stability and reliability of the communication system.

[0003] Although existing technologies have attempted to optimize frequency hopping communication by utilizing the quantum properties of Rydberg atoms, they have not yet been able to effectively overcome the limitation on the number of channels, and the system implementation is quite difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the prominent problems of existing frequency hopping communication technologies based on Rydberg atoms, such as the limited number of frequency hopping channels, system complexity, and high environmental sensitivity. It proposes a microwave-controlled multi-channel frequency hopping device based on Rydberg atoms and a microwave-controlled multi-channel frequency hopping method based on Rydberg atoms. The aim is to fully utilize the quantum properties of Rydberg atoms, overcome the drawbacks of existing laser control methods, achieve flexible multi-channel frequency hopping, and improve the spectral utilization and system reliability of frequency hopping communication.

[0005] The above-mentioned objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical means: A microwave-controlled multi-channel frequency-hopping device based on Rydberg atoms includes an atomic gas cell, a local oscillator microwave signal generator, an auxiliary microwave signal generator, a polarizing beam splitter, a photodetector, and a reflector. Probe light enters and passes through one end of the atomic gas cell, then is reflected by the polarizing beam splitter to the photodetector. Coupled light is reflected by the reflector, passes through the polarizing beam splitter, and enters the atomic gas cell from the other end. The coupled light inside the atomic gas cell coincides with the probe light and propagates in opposite directions. A local oscillator microwave signal generator and an auxiliary microwave signal generator are located on one side of the atomic gas cell. The local oscillator microwave signal generator and the auxiliary microwave signal generator emit microwave signals into the atomic gas cell, while the other side of the atomic gas cell receives the radio frequency signal to be measured.

[0006] The atomic gas chamber is a cesium atomic gas chamber.

[0007] The detection light is an 852nm laser, and the coupling light is a 509nm laser.

[0008] The local oscillator microwave signal generator emits local oscillator microwave signals of multiple frequencies, and the auxiliary microwave signal generator emits auxiliary microwave signals of multiple frequencies. The different frequencies of the local oscillator microwave signal and the auxiliary microwave signal are matched with different Rydberg atomic energy level transition frequencies.

[0009] A microwave-controlled multi-channel frequency hopping method based on Rydberg atoms, wherein the aforementioned microwave-controlled multi-channel frequency hopping device based on Rydberg atoms includes the following steps: Step 1: The probe light and the coupling light work together to excite the cesium atoms in the atomic gas cell to the first Rydberg state; Step 2: Use a local oscillator microwave signal generator to realize the upward or downward energy level transition of cesium atoms in the first Rydberg state; or first use an auxiliary microwave signal generator to realize the transition of cesium atoms in the first Rydberg state to the second or third Rydberg state, and then use a local oscillator microwave signal generator to realize the upward or downward energy level transition of cesium atoms in the second or third Rydberg state, thereby realizing multi-channel frequency hopping of cesium atoms in the Rydberg state.

[0010] The method of using a local oscillator microwave signal generator to achieve upward or downward energy level transitions of cesium atoms in the first Rydberg state is based on the following steps: After a cesium atom is excited to the first Rydberg state, the local oscillator microwave signal generator is turned on. The local oscillator microwave signal generator emits either a first local oscillator microwave signal or a second local oscillator microwave signal. The first local oscillator microwave signal enables the cesium atom to transition from the first Rydberg state to the first lower energy level Rydberg state; the second local oscillator microwave signal enables the cesium atom to transition from the first Rydberg state to the first upper energy level Rydberg state.

[0011] The first Rydberg state is 51D, the first lower energy level Rydberg state is 52P, and the first upper energy level Rydberg state is 49F; the first local oscillator microwave signal is K. L1 K L1 The frequency is -5.36GHz; the second local oscillator microwave signal is K. L2 K L2 The frequency is 24.6 GHz.

[0012] The process of first using an auxiliary microwave signal generator to achieve the transition of cesium atoms from the first Rydberg state to the second or third Rydberg state, and then using a local oscillator microwave signal generator to achieve the upward or downward energy level transition of cesium atoms in the second or third Rydberg state, is based on the following steps: After the cesium atom is excited to the first Rydberg state, the auxiliary microwave signal generator is turned on. The auxiliary microwave signal generator emits a first auxiliary microwave signal or a second auxiliary microwave signal to excite the cesium atom from the first Rydberg state to the second Rydberg state or the third Rydberg state. Then turn on the local oscillator microwave signal generator, which will emit a third, fourth, fifth, or sixth local oscillator microwave signal. The third local oscillator microwave signal enables the energy level transition of cesium atoms from the second Rydberg state to the second upper Rydberg state; The fourth local oscillator microwave signal enables the energy level transition of cesium atoms from the second Rydberg state to the second lower energy level Rydberg state; The fifth local oscillator microwave signal enables the energy level transition of cesium atoms from the third Rydberg state to the third upper Rydberg state; The sixth local oscillator microwave signal enables the energy level transition of cesium atoms from the third Rydberg state to the third lower energy level Rydberg state.

[0013] The first Rydberg state is 51D; the second Rydberg state is 53P, the second upper Rydberg state is 52D, and the second lower Rydberg state is 53S; the third Rydberg state is 51P, the third upper Rydberg state is 50D, and the third lower Rydberg state is 51S.

[0014] The first auxiliary microwave signal is K A1 K A1 The frequency is set to 50.79 GHz, and the second auxiliary microwave signal is K. A2 K A2 The frequency is set to -65.09GHz; The third local oscillator microwave signal is K. L3 K L3 The frequency is 5.04 GHz; The fourth local oscillator microwave signal is K. L4K L4 The frequency is -27.10 GHz; The fifth local oscillator microwave signal is K. L5 K L5 The frequency is 5.70 GHz; The sixth local oscillator microwave signal is K. L6 K L6 The frequency is -30.69GHz.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The device uses microwave signals to achieve frequency hopping. Microwave signals are easier to generate, control, and integrate, which can greatly simplify system complexity, reduce sensitivity to the environment, and improve the stability and reliability of the communication system. 2. Microwave field modulation can make full use of the rich energy level structure of Rydberg atoms. By using local oscillator microwaves or auxiliary microwaves and local oscillator microwaves, it can realize fast and flexible frequency hopping of multi-channel radio frequency signals, improve communication efficiency and spectrum resource utilization, and provide an innovative, efficient and reliable frequency hopping communication solution for the communication field. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a microwave-controlled multichannel frequency-hopping device based on Rydberg atoms. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the frequency hopping energy levels for a microwave-controlled multichannel frequency hopping method based on Rydberg atoms; Among them, 1-Local oscillator microwave signal generator, 2-Auxiliary microwave signal generator, 3-Atomic gas cell, 4-Polarization beam splitter, 5-Photodetector, 6-Reflector. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To facilitate understanding and implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0018] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, a microwave-controlled multi-channel frequency hopping device based on Rydberg atoms includes: a local oscillator microwave signal generator 1, an auxiliary microwave signal generator 2, an atomic gas cell 3, a polarizing beam splitter 4, a photodetector 5, and a reflector 6.

[0019] The probe light enters and passes through one end of the atomic gas cell 3, then is reflected by the polarizing beam splitter prism 4 to the photodetector 5, which reads the probe spectral signal. The coupling light, after being reflected by the mirror 6, passes through the polarizing beam splitter prism 4 and enters the atomic gas cell 3 from the other end. The coupling light entering the atomic gas cell 3 coincides with the probe light entering the atomic gas cell 3, but their propagation directions are opposite. A local oscillator microwave signal generator 1 and an auxiliary microwave signal generator 2 are located on one side of the atomic gas cell 3. These generators emit microwave signals that enter the atomic gas cell 3, exciting the Rydberg atoms and achieving energy level transitions. The other side of the atomic gas cell 3 receives the radio frequency signal to be measured.

[0020] Local oscillator microwave signal generator 1 emits local oscillator microwave signals of multiple frequencies, and auxiliary microwave signal generator 2 emits auxiliary microwave signals of multiple frequencies. The different frequencies of the local oscillator microwave signals and auxiliary microwave signals are matched with different Rydberg atomic energy level transition frequencies.

[0021] In this embodiment, atomic chamber 3 is a cesium atomic chamber.

[0022] Furthermore, the probe light is an 852nm laser, and the coupling light is a 509nm laser.

[0023] Example 2: A microwave-controlled multi-channel frequency hopping method based on Rydberg atoms, utilizing the microwave-controlled multi-channel frequency hopping device based on Rydberg atoms described in Example 1, includes the following steps: Step 1: The probe light and the coupled light work together to excite the cesium atoms in atomic cell 3 to the first Rydberg state; The 852nm probe light passes through the cesium atom gas cell, exciting the cesium atoms from the 6S state (ground state) to the 6P state (first excited state), and then is reflected by the polarization beam splitter 4 to the photodetector 5. The 509nm coupling light is reflected by the mirror 6 and passes through the polarization beam splitter 4 into the rubidium atom gas cell. The optical paths of the 509nm coupling light and the 852nm probe light coincide and their propagation directions are opposite, further exciting the cesium atoms to the first Rydberg state. In this embodiment, the first Rydberg state is the 51D state.

[0024] Step 2: Use the local oscillator microwave signal generator 1 to realize the upward or downward energy level transition of the cesium atom in the first Rydberg state; or first use the auxiliary microwave signal generator 2 to realize the transition of the cesium atom in the first Rydberg state to the second or third Rydberg state, and then use the local oscillator microwave signal generator 1 to realize the upward or downward energy level transition of the cesium atom in the second or third Rydberg state, thereby realizing the multi-channel frequency hopping of the cesium atom in the Rydberg state.

[0025] Step 2.1: Use the local oscillator microwave signal generator 1 to realize the upward or downward energy level transition of cesium atoms in the Rydberg state; When both the local oscillator microwave signal generator 1 and the auxiliary microwave signal generator 2 are turned off, cesium atoms are excited to the first Rydberg state (51D state) by the 852nm probe light and the 509nm coupling light. The local oscillator microwave signal generator 1 is then turned on, and a first local oscillator microwave signal is applied. In this embodiment, the first local oscillator microwave signal is K. L1 K L1 The frequency is -5.36 GHz (-5.36 GHz represents the downward energy level transition of the cesium atom in the Rydberg state, with a frequency of 5.36 GHz; all frequencies with negative signs mentioned below have the same meaning), realizing the energy level transition of the cesium atom from the first Rydberg state to the first lower Rydberg state. In this embodiment, the first lower Rydberg state is the 52p state. When the local oscillator microwave signal generator 1 applies a second local oscillator microwave signal to the cesium atom gas cell, in this embodiment, the second local oscillator microwave signal is K... L2 K L2 The frequency is 24.6 GHz, enabling energy level transitions of cesium atoms from the first Rydberg state to the first upper Rydberg state. In this embodiment, the first upper Rydberg state is the 49F state. By transmitting local oscillator microwaves of different frequencies through the local oscillator microwave signal generator 1, frequency hopping of cesium atoms in the Rydberg state can be achieved in the two channels 51D→52P and 51D→49F.

[0026] Step 2.2: First, use the auxiliary microwave signal generator 2 to realize the transition of cesium atoms in the first Rydberg state to the second or third Rydberg state, and then use the local oscillator microwave signal generator 1 to realize the upward or downward energy level transition of cesium atoms in the second or third Rydberg state. When both the local oscillator microwave signal generator 1 and the auxiliary microwave signal generator 2 are turned off, cesium atoms are excited to the first Rydberg state (51D state) by the 852nm probe light and the 509nm coupling light.

[0027] First, turn on the auxiliary microwave signal generator 2, and then turn on the local oscillator microwave signal generator 1. By first applying the auxiliary microwave signal, the cesium atoms are excited from the first Rydberg state (51D state) to the second or third Rydberg state. In this embodiment, the second Rydberg state is the 53P state and the third Rydberg state is the 51P state. Then, the local oscillator microwave signal is applied to realize the frequency hopping of the Rydberg atoms in different channels.

[0028] The auxiliary microwave signal generator 2 transmits a first auxiliary microwave signal. In this embodiment, the first auxiliary microwave signal is K. A1 K A1 With the frequency set to 50.79 GHz, cesium atoms are emitting an auxiliary microwave signal K... A1Under the action of the generator, the signal is excited from the first Rydberg state (51D state) to the second Rydberg state (53P state); the local oscillator microwave signal generator 1 emits a third local oscillator microwave signal, which in this embodiment is K. L3 K L3 At a frequency of 5.04 GHz, an energy level transition of cesium atoms from the second Rydberg state (53P state) to the second upper Rydberg state is achieved. In this embodiment, the second upper Rydberg state is the 52D state, thereby enabling frequency hopping of cesium atoms in the Rydberg state within the 53P→52D channel. After the cesium atom is excited from the first Rydberg state (51D state) to the second Rydberg state (53P state), the local oscillator microwave signal generator 1 emits a fourth local oscillator microwave signal. In this embodiment, the fourth local oscillator microwave signal is K... L4 K L4 The frequency is -27.10 GHz, which realizes the energy level transition of cesium atoms from the second Rydberg state (53P state) to the second lower energy level Rydberg state. In this embodiment, the second lower energy level Rydberg state is the 53S state, thereby realizing the frequency hopping of cesium atoms in the Rydberg state in the 53P→53S channel.

[0029] The auxiliary microwave signal generator 2 transmits a second auxiliary microwave signal. In this embodiment, the second auxiliary microwave signal is K. A2 K A2 The frequency was set to -65.09 GHz, and cesium atoms were emitted in the second auxiliary microwave signal (K... A2 Under the action of ), it is excited from the first Rydberg state (51D state) to the third Rydberg state (51P state); the local oscillator microwave signal generator 1 emits the fifth local oscillator microwave signal. In this embodiment, the fifth local oscillator microwave signal is K. L5 K L5 The frequency is 5.70 GHz, realizing the energy level transition of cesium atoms from the third Rydberg state (51P state) to the third upper Rydberg state. In this embodiment, the third upper Rydberg state is the 50D state, thereby realizing frequency hopping of cesium atoms in the Rydberg state within the 51P→50D channel. After the cesium atom is excited from the first Rydberg state (51D state) to the third Rydberg state (51P state), the local oscillator microwave signal generator 1 emits the sixth local oscillator microwave signal. In this embodiment, the sixth local oscillator microwave signal is K. L6 K L6 The frequency is -30.69 GHz, which realizes the energy level transition of cesium atoms from the third Rydberg state (51P state) to the third lower energy level Rydberg state. In this embodiment, the third lower energy level Rydberg state is the 51S state, thereby realizing the frequency hopping of cesium atoms in the Rydberg state in the 51P→51S channel.

[0030] like Figure 2The diagram shown illustrates the energy level frequency hopping of the Rydberg atom based on this invention. By rationally configuring the frequencies of the auxiliary microwave signal and the local oscillator microwave signal, this invention enables flexible frequency hopping of the cesium Rydberg atom in six different channels, specifically including: the 51D→52P channel, the 51D→49F channel, the 53P→52D channel, the 53P→53S channel, the 51P→50D channel, and the 51P→51S channel.

[0031] In summary, this invention achieves flexible frequency hopping of multi-channel radio frequency signals (received signals under test) through precise control of the Rydberg atomic energy levels using microwave fields. It solves the problems of complex frequency setting equipment, high cost, poor environmental adaptability, and limited number of frequency hopping channels in Rydberg atomic laser frequency hopping technology. It provides an efficient, stable, and reliable frequency hopping communication solution for the field of quantum communication, with significant technical advantages and broad application prospects.

[0032] The specific examples described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific examples or use similar methods to replace them, without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A microwave controlled multichannel frequency hopping device based on Rydberg atoms, comprising an atomic cell (3), characterized in that, The application also comprises a local microwave signal generator (1), an auxiliary microwave signal generator (2), a polarization beam splitter prism (4), a photodetector (5) and a mirror (6); the probe light enters the atomic cell (3) from one end and passes through the atomic cell (3), and then is reflected to the photodetector (5) through the polarization beam splitter prism (4); the coupling light is reflected by the mirror (6), passes through the polarization beam splitter prism (4) and enters the atomic cell (3) from the other end of the atomic cell (3); the coupling light and the probe light in the atomic cell (3) coincide and propagate in opposite directions; the local microwave signal generator (1) and the auxiliary microwave signal generator (2) are arranged on one side of the atomic cell (3); the local microwave signal generator (1) and the auxiliary microwave signal generator (2) emit microwave signals into the atomic cell (3); and the other side of the atomic cell (3) receives the RF signal to be measured.

2. The microwave manipulation multi-channel frequency hopping device based on Rydberg atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The atomic cell (3) is a cesium atomic cell.

3. The microwave manipulation multi-channel frequency hopping device based on Rydberg atoms according to claim 2, characterized in that, The probe light is 852nm laser, and the coupling light is 509nm laser.

4. The microwave manipulation multi-channel frequency hopping device based on Rydberg atoms according to claim 3, characterized in that, The local microwave signal generator (1) emits local microwave signals of multiple frequencies, and the auxiliary microwave signal generator (2) emits auxiliary microwave signals of multiple frequencies; different frequencies of the local microwave signals and the auxiliary microwave signals are matched with different Rydberg atomic energy level transition frequencies.

5. A method for microwave control multi-channel frequency hopping based on Rydberg atoms, using the microwave control multi-channel frequency hopping device based on Rydberg atoms according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: the probe light and the coupling light are used to excite the cesium atoms in the atomic cell (3) to a first Rydberg state; Step 2: the local microwave signal generator (1) is used to realize the up energy level transition or the down energy level transition of the cesium atoms in the first Rydberg state; or the auxiliary microwave signal generator (2) is used to realize the transition of the cesium atoms in the first Rydberg state to a second Rydberg state or a third Rydberg state, and then the local microwave signal generator (1) is used to realize the up energy level transition or the down energy level transition of the cesium atoms in the second Rydberg state or the third Rydberg state, so as to realize the multi-channel frequency hopping of the cesium atoms in the Rydberg state.

6. The microwave manipulation multi-channel frequency hopping method based on Rydberg atoms according to claim 5, characterized in that, The realization of the up energy level transition or the down energy level transition of the cesium atoms in the first Rydberg state by the local microwave signal generator (1) is based on the following steps: After the cesium atoms are excited to the first Rydberg state, the local microwave signal generator (1) is turned on, the local microwave signal generator (1) emits a first local microwave signal or a second local microwave signal, the first local microwave signal realizes the transition of the cesium atoms from the first Rydberg state to a first lower energy level Rydberg state, and the second local microwave signal realizes the transition of the cesium atoms from the first Rydberg state to a first upper energy level Rydberg state.

7. The microwave manipulation multi-channel frequency hopping method based on Rydberg atoms according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first Rydberg state is a 51D state, the first lower-energy Rydberg state is a 52P state, and the first upper-energy Rydberg state is a 49F state; the first local oscillator microwave signal is K L1 , and the frequency of K L1 is -5.36 GHz; the second local oscillator microwave signal is K L2 , and the frequency of K L2 is 24.6 GHz. 8.The method of claim 5, wherein the method is characterized by, The realization of the transition of the cesium atoms in the first Rydberg state to the second Rydberg state or the third Rydberg state by the auxiliary microwave signal generator (2) and the realization of the up energy level transition or the down energy level transition of the cesium atoms in the second Rydberg state or the third Rydberg state by the local microwave signal generator (1) are based on the following steps: After the cesium atoms are excited to the first Rydberg state, the auxiliary microwave signal generator (2) is turned on, the auxiliary microwave signal generator (2) emits a first auxiliary microwave signal or a second auxiliary microwave signal to excite the cesium atoms from the first Rydberg state to the second Rydberg state or the third Rydberg state. Then the local microwave signal generator (1) is turned on, and the local microwave signal generator (1) emits a third local microwave signal or a fourth local microwave signal or a fifth local microwave signal or a sixth local microwave signal; The third local microwave signal realizes the energy level transition of the cesium atom from the second Rydberg state to the second upper energy level Rydberg state; The fourth local microwave signal realizes the energy level transition of the cesium atom from the second Rydberg state to the second lower energy level Rydberg state; The fifth local microwave signal realizes the energy level transition of the cesium atom from the third Rydberg state to the third upper energy level Rydberg state; The sixth local microwave signal realizes the energy level transition of the cesium atom from the third Rydberg state to the third lower energy level Rydberg state.

9. The microwave manipulation multi-channel frequency hopping method based on Rydberg atoms according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first Rydberg state is a 51D state; The second Rydberg state is a 53P state, the second upper energy level Rydberg state is a 52D state, and the second lower energy level Rydberg state is a 53S state; The third Rydberg state is a 51P state, the third upper energy level Rydberg state is a 50D state, and the third lower energy level Rydberg state is a 51S state.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the microwave control is based on Rydberg atoms. The first auxiliary microwave signal is K A1 , K A1 The frequency is set to 50.79GHz, and the second auxiliary microwave signal is K A2 , K A2 The frequency is set to -65.09GHz; The third local oscillator microwave signal is K. L3 K L3 The frequency is 5.04 GHz; The fourth local microwave signal is K L4 , the frequency of K L4 is -27.10 GHz; The fifth local microwave signal is K L5 , the frequency of K L5 is 5.70 GHz; The sixth local microwave signal is K L6 , the frequency of K L6 is -30.69 GHz.

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