Crushing tooth assembly and crusher

Abstract

The present invention relates to a crushing tooth assembly and a crusher. The crushing tooth assembly includes a connecting shaft and a plurality of crushing tooth groups. Each crushing tooth group includes a bushing and a plurality of crushing teeth fixed on the outer periphery of the bushing. The plurality of crushing tooth groups are sleeved side by side and circumferentially fixed on the connecting shaft. The crusher includes a mining machine boom, a fixed seat, a swing arm, and a crushing tooth assembly. The fixed seat is fixed on the boom. One end of the swing arm is provided with a tubular structure extending forward and backward. The tubular structure is hinged on the fixed seat. The front and rear ends of the rotating shaft are respectively rotatably supported at the front and rear ends of the inner cavity of the tubular structure. The front and rear ends of the connecting shaft are respectively rotatably supported on the front and rear arm brackets located at the other end of the swing arm. The front part of the rotating shaft is drivingly connected to the front part of the connecting shaft through a transmission system located in the inner cavity of the front arm bracket. The crushing teeth of the present invention can be partially replaced, so the use cost can be reduced. The crusher has a compact structure and can be used for a bauxite mining machine for mining thin ore layers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a crushing tooth assembly for a crusher on a mining machine and a crusher adopting the crushing tooth assembly. Background Art

[0002] For crushers used on mining machines, since they need to crush high-hardness rock blocks, the crushing teeth are prone to damage. Most of the crusher drums with existing structures are of integral structures. The damage of the crushing teeth often leads to the scrapping of the entire drum, so the use and maintenance costs of the crusher are relatively high.

[0003] In addition, in order to adapt to the mining of thinner ore seams or high-grade thin ore seams, for example, the rocker arms of a high-power (high torque) cutting system are usually adopted on bauxite mining machines. The rocker arms are of low height, compact structure and high power density. The cutting motors arranged in the rocker arm housing occupy a relatively large space in the front-back direction, resulting in insufficient space between the cutting motors and the cable trough to arrange a conventional crushing device. However, in the actual mining of mining machines, a large amount of high-hardness bauxite rocks often appear. These bauxite rocks need to pass under the position where the cutting motors of the rocker arms are located after entering the conveyor. However, many of them are large-sized rocks and cannot pass through, and finally pile up, resulting in the inability of the conveyor to convey, and it is necessary to stop the machine for manual cleaning, which is time-consuming and laborious and also affects the production capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a crushing tooth assembly and a crusher, wherein the crushing teeth support partial replacement, the use cost is relatively low, the structure of the crusher is compact, and it can be applied to mining machines for mining thinner ore seams or high-grade ore seams.

[0005] The main technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0006] A crushing tooth assembly includes a connecting shaft and a plurality of crushing tooth groups. Each crushing tooth group includes a bushing and a plurality of crushing teeth fixed on the outer periphery of the bushing. The crushing teeth are circumferentially uniformly distributed. The plurality of crushing tooth groups are sleeved on the connecting shaft side by side, and there are multiple flat key connections between the crushing tooth groups and the connecting shaft, and the multiple flat keys are circumferentially uniformly distributed.

[0007] The specifications and performance parameters of the crushing teeth within the same crushing tooth group are the same, and the specifications and performance parameters of the crushing teeth between different crushing tooth groups are the same or different.

[0008] A crusher, comprising a mining machine rocker arm, a fixed seat, a swing arm, an oil cylinder and the crushing tooth assembly. The housing of the mining machine rocker arm is an L-shaped structural unit including a cylinder body and a boom. The fixed seat, the swing arm and the oil cylinder are installed inside the corner of the L-shape. The fixed seat is fixedly connected to the cylinder body. The housing of the swing arm includes a front boom, a rear boom and a tubular structure. The tubular structure extends forward and backward. The front boom and the rear boom both extend left and right and one end of each is connected to the front and rear parts of the tubular structure respectively. The housing of the swing arm is horizontally hinged to the fixed seat front and back with the tubular structure as the axis. One end of the oil cylinder is hinged to the fixed seat and the other end is hinged to the housing of the swing arm. A rotary shaft is arranged in the inner cavity of the tubular structure. The front and rear ends of the rotary shaft are respectively rotationally supported at the front and rear ends of the inner cavity of the tubular structure. The inner cavity of the front boom communicates with the front inner cavity of the tubular structure. The front and rear ends of the connecting shaft are respectively rotationally supported on the front boom and the rear boom. The front part of the rotary shaft is in transmission connection with the front part of the connecting shaft through a transmission system located in the inner cavity of the front boom. The front end of the rotary shaft is provided with an internal spline. The rear end of a transmission gear in the boom is provided with an internal spline. The transmission gear and the rotary shaft are simultaneously spline-connected to the front and rear parts of a spline shaft.

[0009] The front part of the rotary shaft is provided with an external gear. The front part of the connecting shaft is provided with an external spline. The transmission system is a fixed-axis gear transmission system. According to the transmission direction, its first gear is externally meshed with the external gear on the rotary shaft, and its last gear is sleeved on the connecting shaft and is spline-connected to the front part of the connecting shaft.

[0010] The main housing of the housing of the swing arm is outside the rear boom. A spacer plate is provided or not provided between the rear boom and the main housing in the front and rear directions.

[0011] The fixed seat may include an end plate, a front support plate and a rear support plate. One end of the front support plate and the rear support plate are respectively detachably and fixedly connected to the front and rear side edges of the end plate, and the other end extends in suspension. The front and rear ends of the tubular structure are respectively supported on the front support plate and the rear support plate. The front part of the tubular structure and the rear part of the boom are positioned and connected through a circular stop structure. The circular stop structure is coaxial with the rotary shaft.

[0012] The crusher preferably further includes a mechanical protection structure. The mechanical protection structure includes a bracket and a plurality of rollers installed on the bracket. The bracket is fixed on the front boom. The rollers are circumferentially spaced in an arc-shaped area with the axis of the connecting shaft as the axis. The axes of the rollers extend horizontally front and back. The position of the rollers is lower than that of the connecting shaft. The maximum distance from the edge of the roller to the axis of the connecting shaft is greater than the radius of the cutting circle of the crushing teeth.

[0013] The bracket can be U-shaped. The arrangement area of the roller is at the position of a quarter arc on one side of the symmetry center line of the U-shape, and a part of the wheel edge of the roller is exposed outside the radial outer edge of the semi-circular part of the U-shape.

[0014] The mechanical protection structure is preferably symmetric front and back.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] The crushing tooth assembly can replace the traditional crushing drum, and the structure becomes very simple and compact. When a certain crushing tooth is damaged, only the crushing tooth and its sleeve need to be replaced, and the maintenance is simple and convenient, and the manufacturing cost and use cost are lower.

[0017] Due to the actual distribution characteristics of the block size of the rock blocks on the conveying trough of the conveyor in the front-back direction, crushing teeth and corresponding sleeves with different parameters can be installed at different positions in the front and back of the connecting shaft, so that crushing can be carried out more targeted, and a better crushing effect can be achieved with a more reasonable investment.

[0018] No power device is provided on the swing arm which is the main body of the crusher, and only a power input end is provided, which greatly reduces the volume of the swing arm, especially the space occupied in the front-back direction, making it possible to apply such a swing arm to a mining machine with a low body. And the structure of the swing arm itself also becomes simple.

[0019] Since a transmission gear of the cutting transmission system of the mining machine is used as the power device to provide power for the swing arm, and the swing arm is installed inside the L-shaped corner of the rocker arm of the mining machine, it not only saves the installation space but also solves the power source problem, so that a crushing mechanism can also be installed on a mining machine used for mining thin ore layers or high-grade thin ore layers. Therefore, large-size rock blocks can be effectively crushed, enabling the rock blocks to pass smoothly under the rocker arm of the mining machine and avoiding accumulation.

[0020] The transmission from the cutting transmission system to the transmission system of the swing arm is connected through a spline shaft, which realizes overload protection and improves the stability of the transmission. And the floating connection of the spline can improve the centering of the swing arm housing and the transmission gear, so the stability of the transmission is improved.

[0021] Since the swing arm housing is provided with a split detachable connection structure, the split crusher can be adapted to conveyors of various different widths by setting or not setting pads in the front-back direction between the rear arm frame and the main housing, increasing or decreasing the thickness of the pads, etc.

[0022] Due to the setting of the mechanical protection structure, when the swing arm swings downward, the mechanical protection structure can first contact the top surface of the front side groove rib of the conveyor, so the lowest height of the crushing teeth is limited, and the crushing teeth can be effectively prevented from damaging the conveyor directly below them. Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the crushing tooth assembly of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 is a radial sectional view of an embodiment of the crushing tooth assembly of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is a radial sectional view of another embodiment of the crushing tooth assembly of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an assembly formed by the swing arm and the crushing tooth assembly;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an assembly formed by the swing arm, the fixed seat, the oil cylinder and the crushing tooth assembly;

[0028] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the crusher;

[0029] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the state of the crusher when the rocker arm of the shearer swings downward and the crusher approaches the conveyor.

[0030] Reference numerals:

[0031] 11. Fixed seat; 12. Housing of the swing arm; 121. Front arm frame; 122. Rear arm frame; 124. Transmission system; 1241. Rotating shaft; 1242. Connecting shaft; 125, 125'. Crushing tooth groups; 1251. Bush; 1252. Flat key; 1253. Crushing tooth; 126. Protective cover; 127. Tubular structure; 13. Oil cylinder; 14. Mechanical protection structure; 141. Bracket; 143. Roller;

[0032] 2. Rocker arm of the mining machine;

[0033] 3. Spline shaft;

[0034] 9. Conveyor; 91. Top surface of the front side trough rib. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] The present invention discloses a crushing tooth assembly, as Figure 1-7As shown in the figure, it includes a connecting shaft 1242 and several crushing tooth groups 125. Each of the crushing tooth groups includes a bushing 1251 and a plurality of crushing teeth 1253 fixed on the outer periphery of the bushing. The crushing teeth can be installed on the bushing through crushing tooth seats. Each crushing tooth seat is provided with a crushing tooth, and all the crushing teeth are circumferentially evenly distributed in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction. A plurality of the crushing tooth groups are sleeved on the connecting shaft side by side through their respective bushings. The bushings of the crushing tooth groups and the connecting shaft are connected by a plurality of flat keys 1252. The plurality of flat keys are circumferentially evenly distributed, with reliable circumferential fixation and convenient axial installation and disassembly of the bushings. When a certain crushing tooth is damaged, only the damaged crushing tooth and its corresponding bushing need to be replaced, and the maintenance is simple and convenient.

[0036] The specifications and performance parameters of the crushing teeth in the same crushing tooth group are the same, and the specifications and performance parameters of the crushing teeth between different crushing tooth groups can be the same or different. When this crushing tooth assembly is used on a crusher, the crushing teeth are located above the conveying trough of the conveyor 9, and the extending direction of the connecting shaft is consistent with the width direction of the conveying trough. According to the actual distribution characteristics of the block size of the rock blocks in the width direction of the conveying trough, crushing teeth and corresponding bushings with different parameters can be installed at different positions in the front and rear of the connecting shaft to obtain a better crushing effect.

[0037] The present invention also discloses a crusher, which includes a mining machine rocker arm 2, a fixed seat 11, a swing arm, an oil cylinder 13 and the crushing tooth assembly. The housing of the mining machine rocker arm is an L-shaped structural unit including two parts, a cylinder body and an arm frame. The cylinder body extends forward and backward, and the arm frame extends left and right. The cylinder body is located behind one end of the arm frame. The fixed seat, the swing arm and the oil cylinder are installed inside the corner of the L-shape. The fixed seat is fixedly connected to the side surface of the cylinder body. The housing 12 of the swing arm includes a front arm frame 121, a rear arm frame 122 and a tubular structure 127. The tubular structure extends forward and backward. Both the front arm frame and the rear arm frame extend left and right, and one end of each of them is connected to the front part and the rear part of the tubular structure respectively. The housing of the swing arm is horizontally hinged to the fixed seat before and after with the tubular structure as the axis. One end of the oil cylinder is hinged to the fixed seat, and the other end is hinged to the housing of the swing arm. A rotary shaft 1241 is arranged in the inner cavity of the tubular structure. The front and rear ends of the rotary shaft are respectively rotationally supported at the front and rear ends of the inner cavity of the tubular structure through bearings. The inner cavity of the front arm frame communicates with the front inner cavity of the tubular structure. The front and rear ends of the connecting shaft are respectively rotationally supported on the front arm frame and the rear arm frame. The rotary shaft and the connecting shaft are parallel. The front and rear arm frames play a role of limiting the shaft sleeve before and after. The front part of the rotary shaft is drivingly connected to the front part of the connecting shaft through a transmission system 124 located in the inner cavity of the front arm frame. The front end of the rotary shaft is provided with an internal spline, and the rear end of a transmission gear 22 in the arm frame is provided with an internal spline. The transmission gear and the rotary shaft are simultaneously spline-connected to the front part and the rear part of a spline shaft 3. Due to the floating characteristics of the spline connection, the housing 12 of the swing arm and the transmission gear 22 can have centering, thus improving the stability of the transmission. In addition, when crushing overly hard rock blocks or getting stuck, the spline shaft breaks first, which can protect the cutting transmission system and the transmission system of the crushing mechanism in the front arm frame, so the reliability of the transmission can be improved.

[0038] As a part of the cutting transmission system of the mining machine rocker arm, the transmission gear provides a power source for the swing arm (specifically, the crushing tooth assembly). Therefore, the swing arm does not need to be separately equipped with a power device such as a motor or a hydraulic motor. Compared with the existing structure in which the power device is sequentially connected axially to the crusher drum, the front and rear dimensions of the crushing mechanism are greatly shortened. Compared with the existing structure in which the power device is arranged inside the crusher drum, the left and right and up and down dimensions of the swing arm of the present invention corresponding to the traditional crusher drum are also reduced accordingly. It can be seen that the structure of the present invention is more compact. Therefore, it becomes possible to apply the swing arm of the present invention to a mining machine for mining thin ore layers or high-grade thin ore layers. Moreover, since the present invention uses a crushing tooth assembly to replace the traditional crushing drum, the structure becomes very simple, and the manufacturing cost and the use cost are lower.

[0039] The front part of the rotary shaft is provided with an external gear, and the front part of the connecting shaft is provided with an external spline. The front and rear ends of the external spline on the connecting shaft are rotatably supported on the front and rear side walls of the front arm frame. The transmission system is a fixed-axis gear transmission system. According to the transmission direction, its first gear is externally meshed with the external gear on the rotary shaft, and its last gear is sleeved on the connecting shaft and is connected with the front spline of the connecting shaft.

[0040] The main body of the housing of the swing arm outside the rear arm frame is the main housing. A spacer plate may or may not be provided between the rear arm frame and the main housing in the front-back direction. The rear arm frame, the main housing, and the spacer plate can be positioned and connected by multiple pin shafts. When the spacer plate is provided, the distance between the front and rear arm frames is larger than that without the spacer plate, so that the crushing mechanism can adapt to a wider conveyor. Of course, it is necessary to replace the longer crushing tooth assembly at the same time, that is, the longer connecting shaft and additional shaft sleeves and crushing teeth are added on the connecting shaft.

[0041] The fixed seat is the installation basic structural member of the housing of the swing arm, which not only provides support for the housing of the swing arm, but also provides the axis for the housing of the swing arm to swing. The fixed seat includes an end plate, a front support plate, and a rear support plate, enclosing a C-shaped structure. One ends of the front support plate and the rear support plate are respectively detachably and fixedly connected to the front and rear side edges of the end plate, and the other ends extend. The front and rear ends of the tubular structure are respectively supported on the front support plate and the rear support plate. The front part of the tubular structure is positioned and connected with the rear part of the arm frame through a circular stop structure. The circular stop structure is coaxial with the rotary shaft to keep the axis of the housing of the swing arm fixed relative to the rocker arm of the mining machine when the housing of the swing arm swings.

[0042] Furthermore, a front wear-resistant sleeve may be provided between the front support plate and the tubular structure, and a rear wear-resistant sleeve may be provided between the rear support plate and the tubular structure. The front and rear wear-resistant sleeves are respectively in interference fit with the front and rear ends of the tubular structure, and are respectively in clearance fit with the front and rear support plates. The front and rear wear-resistant sleeves can reduce the wear of the tubular structure and extend the service life of the housing of the swing arm.

[0043] The housing of the swing arm and the fixed seat can both be vertically symmetric structures, so that the housing of the same swing arm and the same fixed seat can be used at the left rocker arm of the mining machine or at the right rocker arm of the mining machine.

[0044] The crusher further includes a mechanical protection structure 14. The mechanical protection structure includes a bracket 141 and a plurality of rollers 143 mounted on the bracket. The bracket is detachably fixed to the front arm frame. The rollers can rotate freely relative to the bracket. The rollers are circumferentially arranged at intervals within an arc-shaped area with the axis of the connecting shaft as the axis. The axes of the rollers extend horizontally before and after. The position of the rollers is lower than that of the connecting shaft. The maximum distance from the edge of the roller to the axis of the connecting shaft is greater than the radius of the cutting circle of the crushing teeth. When the crusher approaches the conveyor, the rollers first contact the top surface 91 of the front side trough rib of the conveyor. At this time, there is still a distance S between the cutting circle of the crushing teeth and the top surface of the front side trough rib (see Figure 7 ), and the distance to the conveying trough is even greater. Therefore, damage to the conveyor by the crushing teeth can be avoided.

[0045] Due to the arranged rollers, when the swing arm moves relatively in contact with the top surface of the front side trough rib of the conveyor, the mechanical protection structure and the conveyor are only in line contact, and the sliding wear of the contact area is small.

[0046] The bracket is U-shaped. The arrangement area of the rollers is biased towards the position of a quarter circle on one side of the symmetry center line of the U-shape. Part of the wheel edge of the roller is exposed outside the radial outer edge of the semi-circular part of the U-shape.

[0047] The mechanical protection structure is preferably symmetric front and back, so that the mechanical protection structure has interchangeability when installed on the left crusher and the right crusher of the mining machine.

[0048] A shield 126 is also installed on the housing of the swing arm. The shield covers above the crushing tooth assembly and is biased towards the rotation shaft to prevent the crushed rock blocks from splashing upwards. The shield can also be a symmetric structure front and back to maintain its interchangeability when installed on the crushers on the left and right sides of the mining machine.

Claims

1. A crusher, characterized in that: It includes a mining machine rocker arm, a fixed seat, a swing arm, a cylinder and a crushing tooth assembly, the crushing tooth assembly includes a connecting shaft and a plurality of crushing tooth groups, each of the crushing tooth groups includes a shaft sleeve and a plurality of crushing teeth fixed on the outer circumference of the shaft sleeve, each crushing tooth is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and a plurality of the crushing tooth groups are sleeved side by side on the connecting shaft, and the crushing tooth groups and the connecting shaft are connected at multiple flat keys, and the multiple flat keys are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The shell of the mining machine rocker arm is an L-shaped structural unit including a cylinder and an arm frame. The fixed seat, the swing arm and the cylinder are installed on the inner side of the L-shaped corner, and the fixed seat is fixedly connected to the cylinder. The shell of the swing arm includes a front arm frame, a rear arm frame and a tubular structure, the tubular structure extends front and back, and the front arm frame and the rear arm frame are both extended left and right and one end thereof is respectively connected to the front and rear of the tubular structure. The cam is connected to the front and rear arms of the vehicle frame, the housing of the swing arm is hinged on the fixed seat horizontally front and back with the tubular structure as the axis, one end of the oil cylinder is hinged on the fixed seat, and the other end is hinged on the housing of the swing arm, a rotating shaft is arranged in the inner cavity of the tubular structure, and the front and rear ends of the rotating shaft are respectively rotatably supported on the front and rear ends of the inner cavity of the tubular structure, the inner cavity of the forearm frame is communicated with the front inner cavity of the tubular structure, the front and rear ends of the connecting shaft are respectively rotatably supported on the forearm frame and the rear arm frame, the front part of the rotating shaft is transmission-connected with the front part of the connecting shaft through a transmission system located in the inner cavity of the forearm frame, the front end of the rotating shaft is provided with an internal spline, and the rear end of a transmission gear in the arm frame is provided with an internal spline, and the transmission gear and the rotating shaft are simultaneously spline-connected with the front and rear parts of a spline shaft.

2. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein: The front part of the rotating shaft is provided with an external gear, the front part of the connecting shaft is provided with an external spline, and the transmission system is a fixed-axis gear transmission system. According to the transmission direction, its first gear is externally meshed with the external gear on the rotating shaft, and its last gear is sleeved on the connecting shaft and connected with the front spline of the connecting shaft.

3. The crusher according to claim 2, wherein: The housing of the swing arm is mainly composed of the rear arm frame and a pad may or may not be arranged between the rear arm frame and the main housing in the front-to-back direction.

4. The crusher according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fixed seat includes an end plate, a front support plate and a rear support plate, one end of the front support plate and the rear support plate are respectively detachably fixedly connected to the front and rear sides of the end plate, and the other end is cantilevered, the front and rear ends of the tubular structure are respectively supported on the front support plate and the rear support plate, the front part of the tubular structure is positioned and connected to the rear part of the arm through a circular stop structure, and the circular stop structure is coaxial with the rotating axis.

5. The crusher according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: It also includes a mechanical protection structure, which includes a bracket and a plurality of rollers installed on the bracket, the bracket is fixed on the forearm frame, the rollers are circumferentially spaced in an arc area with the axis of the connecting shaft as the axis, the axis of the rollers extends horizontally front and back, the position of the rollers is lower than the connecting shaft, and the farthest distance from the edge of the roller to the axis of the connecting shaft is greater than the radius of the cutting circle of the crushing tooth.

6. The crusher according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bracket is U-shaped, the roller arrangement area is biased to the position of a quarter arc on one side of the symmetric center line of the U-shape, and the wheel edge of the roller is partially exposed outside the radial outer edge of the semicircular part of the U-shape.

7. The crusher according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mechanical protection structure is symmetrical front to back.

8. The crusher according to claim 5, characterized in that: A shield is also installed on the housing of the swing arm, and the shield covers above the crushing tooth assembly and is biased towards the rotary shaft.

9. The crusher according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: The specifications and performance parameters of the crushing teeth within the same crushing tooth group are the same, and the specifications and performance parameters of the crushing teeth between different crushing tooth groups are the same or different.

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