A device and method for detecting microplastics in air

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of microplastic detection technology, and specifically to a device and method for detecting microplastics in air, comprising an environmental data monitoring module, an atmospheric sample collection module, a sample processing module and a controller; the environmental data monitoring module comprises a plurality of environmental monitoring sensors for detecting environmental data, the output end of the environmental monitoring sensor is connected to the input end of the controller, the output end of the controller is connected to the input end of the atmospheric sample collection module for controlling the atmospheric sample collection module to work for sample collection, and the output end of the controller is simultaneously connected to the input end of the sample processing module for controlling the sample processing module to pre-process the sample. The device for detecting microplastics in air can realize selective sampling of the atmosphere to obtain the required atmospheric samples, and at the same time, can grade and screen microplastic particles to improve the accuracy of detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of microplastic detection, and in particular to a device and method for detecting microplastics in the air. Background Art

[0002] Microplastics usually refer to plastic fibers, particles or films with a particle size of less than 5mm, which are mainly divided into primary microplastics and secondary microplastics. Microplastic pollution is common in table salt, seafood, take-out food, and bottled water. Household activities such as clothing washing and the use of toiletries also emit a large amount of microplastics. The migration, transformation, fate and ecotoxicological effects of microplastics in the environment have attracted much attention. Existing related research mainly focuses on microplastic pollution in marine and nearshore waters and sediments. The latest research has found that microplastics also exist in the atmosphere and glaciers in remote areas, and the globalization trend of microplastic pollution is obvious. Atmospheric transmission is an important link in the global transmission and circulation of microplastics. At present, research on atmospheric microplastics is mostly concentrated in urban areas.

[0003] The pre-treatment methods for collecting and extracting microplastic samples, the challenges brought by the manual picking of particles to the operability of the method and the repeatability of the detection method; the limitations of detection efficiency, etc. The scientific community is currently working hard to find suitable and reliable methods to detect and quantify microplastics dispersed in environmental and biological samples. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for detecting microplastics in the air. The device for detecting microplastics in the air can realize selective sampling of the atmosphere to obtain the required atmospheric samples. At the same time, microplastic particles can be graded and screened to improve the accuracy of detection.

[0005] In order to achieve the above technical effects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A device for detecting microplastics in air comprises an environmental data monitoring module, an atmospheric sample collection module, a sample processing module and a controller; the environmental data monitoring module comprises a plurality of environmental monitoring sensors for detecting environmental data, the output end of the environmental monitoring sensor is connected to the input end of the controller, the output end of the controller is connected to the input end of the atmospheric sample collection module for controlling the atmospheric sample collection module to collect samples, and the output end of the controller is simultaneously connected to the input end of the sample processing module for controlling the sample processing module to pre-process the samples.

[0007] Furthermore, the device for detecting microplastics in the air includes a chassis, wherein the environmental monitoring sensor includes a wind speed and direction sensor arranged on the top of the chassis; the atmospheric sample collection module includes an air suction component and a liquid storage component arranged inside the chassis, a sample collection component arranged outside the chassis, and a plurality of connecting pipes for connecting the air suction component, the sample collection component and the liquid storage component; the sample processing module includes a nitrogen gas source arranged inside the shell, and the nitrogen gas source is connected to the atmospheric sample collection module through a connecting pipe.

[0008] Furthermore, the sample collection component includes a first container and a second container arranged on the outside of the chassis, and the suction component is connected to the first container through a negative pressure conduit; the liquid storage component includes a medicine storage tank arranged in the chassis, the medicine storage tank is connected to the first container through a first connecting pipe, the first container is connected to the second container through a second connecting pipe, the nitrogen gas source is connected to the second container through a third connecting pipe, the first container is also connected to the external environment through an injection line, and the first connecting pipe, the second connecting pipe, and the third connecting pipe are all provided with solenoid valves.

[0009] Furthermore, a sample box is fixedly installed on one side of the chassis, one side of the sample box is fixedly connected to the chassis, and a compartment door is hinged on the opposite side thereof, a mounting plate is provided at the bottom of the sample box, the mounting plate is slidably connected to the sample box and can be pulled outward, an electric heating plate is fixedly installed above the mounting plate, a temperature sensor is provided inside the electric heating plate, the electric heating plate and the temperature sensor are both electrically connected to the controller, and the lower surface of the second container abuts against the electric heating plate; a connecting plate is vertically provided on the side of the mounting plate close to the main chassis, the bottom end of the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the mounting plate, and an elastic clamp for fixing the first container and the second container is provided on the side of the mounting plate close to the compartment door.

[0010] Furthermore, the first container includes a first straight section and a second straight section parallel to each other, the bottom end of the first straight section is connected to the bottom end of the second straight section through a U-shaped section, the top end of the first straight section is detachably provided with a first sealing cover, the top end of the second straight section is detachably installed with a collecting tube, the top and bottom ends of the collecting tube are respectively provided with a first opening and a second opening, the interior of the collecting tube is provided with a filtering and collecting assembly for grading and screening microplastic particles, the filtering and collecting assembly includes a plurality of filtering membranes distributed in a vertical direction, and the filter membranes have a plurality of filter membranes disposed therein. The filter aperture gradually decreases from the first opening to the second opening, the bottom end of the collecting tube is detachably connected to the top end of the second straight section and the top end of the collecting tube is detachably provided with a second sealing cover, a fourth connecting pipe is also provided on the collecting tube, a liquid outlet branch is provided at the bottom of the U-shaped section and the liquid inlet end of the fourth connecting pipe is connected with the liquid outlet branch, the liquid outlet end of the fourth connecting pipe passes through the second sealing cover and is located above the filter collecting assembly, a micro-delivery pump is also provided on the fourth connecting pipe, and the micro-delivery pump is electrically connected to the controller.

[0011] Further, the collecting tube comprises a support, the bottom of the support is detachably connected to the second straight section, the top of the support is detachably mounted with a clamping cover, the second sealing cover is detachably mounted on the top of the clamping cover, a plurality of elastic mounting plates with arc-shaped inner walls are closely arranged at the top of the support, the elastic mounting plates are arranged on the inner side of the clamping cover, and the inner walls of the elastic mounting plates are vertically provided with a plurality of limiting protrusions protruding from the elastic mounting plates, the filtering and collecting assembly comprises a filter membrane assembly arranged on the inner side of the elastic mounting plate, the filter membrane assembly comprises a supporting grid and a filter membrane arranged above the supporting grid, the peripheries of the supporting grid and the filter membrane are connected by an elastic sealing ring, the elastic sealing ring is detachably mounted on the top of the limiting protrusion and the outer wall of the elastic sealing ring abuts against the elastic mounting plate.

[0012] Furthermore, a third sealing cover is provided on the top of the second container, and a plurality of first through holes for installing connecting pipes are provided on the first sealing cover and the third sealing cover, and a plurality of second through holes for connecting pipes to pass through are also provided on the edge of the top plate of the sample box, and an exhaust pipe is provided on the first sealing cover and the second sealing cover, and a one-way valve is installed on the exhaust pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, a clamping seat for fixing the sampling pipeline is fixedly installed on the top of the chassis, and the bottom of the clamping seat is fixedly connected to the casing. A shielding cover is also provided on the top of the clamping seat, and the shielding cover is used to close the sampling end of the sampling pipeline. A rotating shaft is fixedly installed on the bottom of the shielding cover, and the shielding cover is rotatably connected to the clamping seat through the rotating shaft. A driving motor is fixedly installed below the clamping seat, and a first gear is fixedly installed on the output end of the driving motor. The bottom end of the rotating shaft passes through the clamping seat and is fixedly connected to a second gear, and the second gear is meshed with the first gear.

[0014] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a method for detecting microplastics in the air, which uses the above-mentioned microplastic detection device to detect the content of microplastics in the air.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a device for detecting microplastics in the air, which obtains atmospheric samples by an absorption method by setting a first container. At the same time, a collecting tube is set at one end of the first container, and a fourth connecting pipe is set to pump the suspension in the first container into the collecting tube for grading and screening, so as to perform preliminary grading and screening of microplastic particles in the atmosphere while sampling the atmosphere, thereby reducing the operational steps of subsequent detection and helping to improve the accuracy of detection compared to manual screening.

[0017] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a device for detecting microplastics in the air, which collects the filtrate after filtering the suspension by setting a second container, and realizes automatic concentration of the filtrate through the cooperation of an electric heating plate and nitrogen purge, so that testers can detect other toxic and harmful substances in atmospheric samples. It has richer functions and can obtain richer environmental data, which is conducive to studying the correlation between plastic particles and other toxic and harmful substances in environmental gases.

[0018] In the third aspect, the method for detecting microplastics in the air provided by the present invention has a high degree of automation, can selectively and automatically capture microplastic particles in the atmosphere to obtain the required atmospheric samples, has high accuracy, and can realize automatic classification of samples during sampling, so as to improve the degree of automation of the detection process, improve detection efficiency and improve detection accuracy. In addition, other harmful substances in the atmosphere can be absorbed by the absorption liquid and automatically concentrated to obtain richer environmental detection data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall working principle of a device for detecting microplastics in air provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a device for detecting microplastics in the air provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 A top view of a device for detecting microplastics in the air provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at AA of a device for detecting microplastics in air provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a collection tube of a device for detecting microplastics in air provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 10, chassis, 11, wind speed and direction sensor, 12, sample box, 121, second through hole, 122, door, 20, nitrogen source, 21, third connecting pipe, 30, first container, 30a, first straight section, 301a, first cover, 30b, second straight section, 30c, U-shaped section, 31, sample inlet line, 32, first connecting pipe, 321, pharmaceutical storage tank, 33, exhaust pipe, 331, one-way valve, 34, liquid outlet branch, 40, second container, 41, first Three sealing covers, 42, second connecting pipe, 50, suction assembly, 51, negative pressure catheter, 60, mounting plate, 61, electric heating plate, 611, temperature sensor, 62, connecting plate, 621, elastic clamp, 70, collecting tube, 701, second sealing cover, 71, fourth connecting pipe, 72, support, 721, elastic mounting plate, 721a, limiting protrusion, 73, clamping cover, 74 filter membrane assembly, 741 supporting grid, 742 filter membrane, 743 elastic sealing ring, 81 clamping seat, 82 shielding cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 1-5As shown, the present embodiment provides a device for detecting microplastics in the air, comprising an environmental data monitoring module, an atmospheric sample collection module, a sample processing module and a controller. The environmental data monitoring module comprises a plurality of environmental monitoring sensors for detecting environmental data, and the output end of the environmental monitoring sensor is connected to the input end of the controller. The output end of the controller is connected to the input end of the atmospheric sample collection module to control the atmospheric sample collection module to collect samples. The output end of the controller is also connected to the input end of the sample processing module to control the sample processing module to pre-process the sample. Specifically, the microplastic detection device in the air includes a chassis 10, the environmental monitoring sensor includes a wind speed and direction sensor 11 arranged on the top of the chassis 10 to detect the wind direction and wind speed, so as to obtain the required atmospheric samples; the atmospheric sample collection module includes an air suction component 50 arranged inside the chassis 10, a liquid storage component, a sample collection component arranged outside the chassis 10, and a plurality of connecting pipes for connecting the air suction component 50, the sample collection component and the liquid storage component; the sample processing module includes a nitrogen gas source 20 arranged inside the shell, and the nitrogen gas source 20 is connected to the atmospheric sample collection module through a connecting pipe. More specifically, the sample collection component includes a first container 30 and a second container 40 arranged outside the chassis 10, wherein the first container 30 is used to absorb and separate solid impurities including microplastic particles, and the second container 40 is used to obtain other harmful impurities in the atmosphere that can be dissolved in the absorption liquid. The air suction component 50 is connected to the first container 30 through a negative pressure conduit 51. The air suction component 50 is a vacuum pump, which is electrically connected to the controller. The first container 30 is also connected to the external environment through a sampling pipeline 31. Specifically, the air inlet end of the sampling pipeline 31 is arranged outside the box body, and the air outlet end of the sampling pipeline 31 extends to the bottom of the first container 30. The liquid storage component includes a medicine storage tank 321 arranged in the chassis 10. The medicine storage tank 321 is used to store absorption liquid, and the absorption liquid is an alcohol solution. The medicine storage tank 321 is connected to the first container 30 through a first connecting pipe 32, so as to pump the absorption liquid in the medicine storage tank 321 into the first container 30, and make the absorption liquid submerge the air outlet end of the sampling pipeline 31 in the first container 30. In a specific implementation, when the controller controls the vacuum pump to suck air into the sampling pipe, the gas is ejected from the outlet end of the sampling pipe 31 and dispersed by impact through the inner wall of the first container 30, so that the gas entering the first container 30 through the air inlet pipe is quickly dispersed and absorbed by the absorption liquid, so that the microplastic particles are dispersed in the absorption liquid, which is convenient for subsequent processing and detection.

[0027] In this embodiment, the first container 30 is connected to the second container 40 through the second connecting pipe 42, so as to facilitate the delivery of the liquid in the first container 30 to the second container 40. In the specific implementation, the alcohol solution is used as the absorption liquid, and the organic pollutants adsorbed on the microplastic particles or other harmful substances contained in the atmosphere can be further eluted or absorbed while absorbing and dispersing the plastic particles, so as to facilitate the sampling and analysis of the solution to obtain more abundant environmental monitoring data. In order to facilitate the drying of the absorption liquid and reduce the post-processing steps during the detection, the nitrogen source is a nitrogen bottle, and the nitrogen source 20 is connected to the second container 40 through the third connecting pipe 21. The first connecting pipe 32, the second connecting pipe 42, and the third connecting pipe 21 are all provided with electromagnetic valves, and the electromagnetic valves and the delivery pump are electrically connected to the controller. In the specific implementation, the controller controls the operation of each electromagnetic valve to facilitate the delivery of nitrogen to the second container 40, so as to facilitate the drying of the absorption liquid in the second container 40.

[0028] In this embodiment, in order to facilitate the acquisition of the sampled samples for further testing, a sample box 12 is fixedly installed on one side of the case 10, and the first container 30 and the second container 40 are both placed in the medicine box. One side of the sample box 12 is fixedly connected to the case 10, and a door 122 is hinged on the opposite side to facilitate the removal of the first container 30 and the second container 40 in the sample box 12. At the same time, in order to facilitate the placement and removal of the first container 30 and the second container 40, a mounting plate 60 is provided at the bottom of the sample box 12, and the mounting plate 60 is slidably connected to the sample box 12 and can be pulled outward. At the same time, in order to facilitate the drying of the absorption liquid in the second container 40, an electric heating plate 61 is fixedly installed above the mounting plate 60, and a temperature sensor 611 is arranged inside the electric heating plate 61. The electric heating plate 61 and the temperature sensor 611 are both electrically connected to the controller, and the lower surface of the second container 40 is in contact with the electric heating plate 61. In a specific implementation, the controller can control the electric heating plate 61 to heat the second container 40, and the temperature of the electric heating plate 61 is kept at a set temperature through feedback from the temperature sensor 611. At the same time, in conjunction with the purging of the nitrogen gas source 20, the evaporation of the solvent in the second container 40 can be further accelerated, so as to reduce the steps of manual sample processing in the second container 40 and improve the accuracy and efficiency of detection. In addition, in order to facilitate the installation and fixation of the first container 30 and the second container 40, a connecting plate 62 is vertically provided on the side of the mounting plate 60 close to the main box 10, and the bottom end of the connecting plate 62 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 60, and an elastic clamp 621 for fixing the first container 30 and the second container 40 is provided on the side of the mounting plate 60 close to the warehouse door 122. In a specific implementation, the first container 30 and the second container 40 can be fixed by clamping them inside the elastic clamp 621.

[0029] In this embodiment, the first container 30 includes a first straight section 30a and a second straight section 30b which are parallel to each other. The bottom end of the first straight section 30a is connected to the bottom end of the second straight section through a U-shaped section 30c. The bottom end of the sampling pipeline 31 extends to the bottom of the first straight section, so as to absorb harmful substances in the atmosphere including microplastic particles. The top end of the first straight section 30a is detachably provided with a first cover 301a, and the top end of the second straight section is detachably installed with a collection tube 70. The top and bottom ends of the collection tube 70 are respectively provided with a first opening and a second opening. The inside of the collection tube 70 is provided with a filter collection assembly for grading and screening microplastic particles. The filter collection assembly includes a plurality of filter membranes distributed in the vertical direction, and the filter aperture of the filter membrane gradually decreases from the first opening to the second opening. The bottom end of the collection tube 70 is detachably connected to the top end of the second straight section 30b, and the top end of the collection tube 70 is detachably provided with a second cover 701. The collecting pipe 70 is also provided with a fourth connecting pipe 71, a liquid outlet branch 34 is provided at the bottom of the U-shaped section 30c, a three-way pipe is provided at the bottom of the liquid outlet branch 34, and the liquid inlet end of the fourth connecting pipe 71 is connected to one end of the liquid outlet branch 34, the liquid outlet end of the fourth connecting pipe 71 passes through the second cover 701 and is located above the filtering and collecting assembly, and a micro-transport pump is also provided on the fourth connecting pipe 71, and the micro-transport pump is electrically connected to the controller. The liquid inlet end of the second connecting pipe 42 is connected to the other end of the three-way pipe. In the specific implementation, the micro-transport pump is controlled by the controller to work so as to absorb the suspension at the bottom of the first container 30 and transport it to the collecting pipe 70, and the suspension passes through the filtering and collecting assembly in the collecting pipe 70 under the action of gravity and negative pressure. In this process, the suspension passes through a number of filter membranes with gradually decreasing filter apertures from top to bottom in turn, and the microplastic particles in the suspension can be graded and screened, which is conducive to further detecting the microplastic particles.

[0030] In this embodiment, the collecting pipe 70 includes a support 72, the bottom of which is detachably connected to the second straight section. Specifically, the support 72 and the second straight section can be connected by threads or the support 72 can be inserted into the inside of the second straight section to facilitate the removal or replacement of the collecting pipe 70. A pressing cover 73 is detachably mounted on the top of the support 72, the second sealing cover 701 is detachably mounted on the top of the pressing cover 73, and a receiving space for accommodating the filtering and collecting assembly is provided on the inner side of the pressing cover 73. Specifically, at least two elastic mounting plates 721 with curved inner walls are closely arranged on the top of the support 72, the elastic mounting plates 721 are all arranged on the inner side of the pressing cover 73, and all the elastic mounting plates 721 together form a hollow cylindrical structure, and the inner wall of each of the elastic mounting plates 721 is provided with a plurality of limiting protrusions 721a protruding from the elastic mounting plate 721 in the vertical direction. The filter collection assembly includes a filter membrane assembly arranged on the inner side of the elastic mounting plate 721, and the limiting protrusion 721a supports the filter membrane assembly, and the structure of the combination of several elastic mounting plates 721 facilitates the disassembly of the filter membrane assembly, so that the obtained microplastic particle sample is easy to take out. Specifically, the filter membrane assembly includes a support grid and a filter membrane arranged above the support grid, and the support grid is made of metal material, so that the filter membrane plays a good supporting role and avoids deformation of the filter membrane. The periphery of the support grid and the filter membrane is connected by an elastic sealing ring, and the elastic sealing ring is detachably mounted on the top of the limiting protrusion 721a and the outer wall of the elastic sealing ring is in contact with the elastic mounting plate 721. In the specific implementation, the filter membrane assembly is installed from top to bottom according to the filtration aperture from large to small, and then the pressing cover 73 is connected to the support 72, and finally the support 72 is connected to the second straight section, and the pressing cover 73 is connected to the second cover 701 respectively, so as to play a role in grading and screening plastic particles during operation.

[0031] In this embodiment, the third cover 41 is disposed on the top of the second container 40, and the first cover 301a and the third cover 41 are both provided with a plurality of first through holes for installing the communication pipes, and the edge of the top plate of the sample box 12 is also provided with a plurality of second through holes 121 for the communication pipes to pass through, so as to facilitate the installation of the communication pipes and the disassembly of the first container 30 and the second container 40. At the same time, the first cover 301a and the second cover 701 are both provided with an exhaust pipe 33, and a one-way valve 331 is installed on the exhaust pipe 33 to facilitate the one-way flow of gas.

[0032] In this embodiment, a clamping seat for fixing the sample introduction pipeline 31 is fixedly installed on the top of the chassis 10, and the bottom of the clamping seat is fixedly connected to the housing. A shielding cover is also provided on the top of the clamping seat, and the shielding cover is used to close the sample introduction end of the sample introduction pipeline 31. Specifically, a rotating shaft is fixedly installed on the bottom of the shielding cover, and the shielding cover is rotatably connected to the clamping seat through the rotating shaft. A driving motor is fixedly installed below the clamping seat, and a first gear is fixedly installed on the output end of the driving motor. The bottom end of the rotating shaft passes through the clamping seat and is fixedly connected to a second gear, and the second gear is meshed with the first gear. In specific implementation, the first gear is controlled to rotate by the controller, the first gear drives the second gear to rotate, and the second gear drives the rotating shaft and the shielding cover to rotate on a horizontal plane, so as to achieve shielding and exposure of the sample introduction end of the sample introduction pipeline 31, so as to facilitate selective sampling of atmospheric samples and improve the accuracy of detection.

[0033] In this embodiment, the present invention also provides a method for detecting microplastics in the air, which uses the above-mentioned microplastic detection device to detect the content of microplastics in the air, and the detection method includes the following steps:

[0034] S1: Connect the first container 30, the second container 40 and the collecting tube 70, install them in the sample box 12, and close the door 122 of the sample box 12.

[0035] S2: The controller controls the delivery pump to pump the absorption liquid in the reagent storage tank 321 into the first container 30, so that the liquid level in the first container 30 is higher than the outlet end of the injection pipeline 31 and lower than the top of the second straight section;

[0036] S3: Setting external sampling conditions such as sampling wind speed and sampling wind direction, and using the wind speed and wind direction sensor 11 to detect environmental conditions. When the environmental conditions meet the set conditions, the controller controls the air suction component 50 to work, and the external atmosphere is sucked into the first container 30 through the sampling pipeline 31, and the atmospheric sampling process begins;

[0037] S4: The controller controls the air suction component 50 to stop working and complete the sampling. Then, the controller controls the micro-transfer pump to transport the suspension at the bottom of the first container 30 to the top of the filter collection component of the collection pipe 70 through the fourth connecting pipe 71, so that the suspension passes through a plurality of filter membranes with gradually decreasing filter apertures from top to bottom, thereby playing a role in grading and screening the microplastic particles.

[0038] S5: The controller controls the micro-delivery pump to pump absorption liquid into the first container 30 to clean the first container 30, and the controller controls the micro-delivery pump to pump the cleaning liquid into the collection tube 70 to circulate and clean the microplastic particles. The above process is repeated 2-4 times, and the original suspension and the cleaning liquid fall to the bottom of the first container 30 after passing through the filtering and collecting assembly and mix into the filtrate.

[0039] S6: The controller controls the delivery pump to work and opens the solenoid valve on the second connecting pipe 42 to transfer the filtrate at the bottom of the first container 30 to the second container 40. The controller controls the electric heating plate 61 to heat and opens the solenoid valve of the controller to introduce nitrogen into the second container 40 for purging. The solvent in the second container 40 is concentrated to nearly dryness, and then the electric heating plate 61 and the solenoid valve are closed.

[0040] S7: Open the door 122, take out the first container 30, the second container 40 and the collection tube 70, and detect the solid sample and the liquid sample in the collection tube 70 and the second container 40 respectively.

[0041] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention. The techniques, shapes, and structural parts not described in detail in the present invention are all known technologies.

Claims

1. A device for detecting microplastics in the air, characterized by: It comprises an environmental data monitoring module, an atmospheric sample collection module, a sample processing module and a controller; the environmental data monitoring module comprises a plurality of environmental monitoring sensors for detecting environmental data, the output end of the environmental monitoring sensor is connected to the input end of the controller, the output end of the controller is connected to the input end of the atmospheric sample collection module for controlling the atmospheric sample collection module to work for sample collection, and the output end of the controller is simultaneously connected to the input end of the sample processing module for controlling the sample processing module to pre-process the sample; The invention comprises a chassis (10), wherein the environmental monitoring sensor comprises a wind speed and direction sensor (11) arranged on the top of the chassis (10); the atmospheric sample collection module comprises an air suction component (50) arranged inside the chassis (10), a liquid storage component, a sample collection component arranged outside the chassis (10), and a plurality of connecting pipes for connecting the air suction component (50), the sample collection component, and the liquid storage component; the sample processing module comprises a nitrogen gas source (20) arranged inside the housing, the nitrogen gas source (20) being connected to the atmospheric sample collection module via a connecting pipe; the sample collection component comprises a first container (30) and a second container (40) arranged outside the chassis (10), the sample collection component comprising ... The air inhalation component (50) is connected to the first container (30) through a negative pressure conduit (51); the liquid storage component includes a medicine storage tank (321) arranged in the chassis (10); the medicine storage tank (321) is connected to the first container (30) through a first connecting pipe (32); the first container (30) is connected to the second container (40) through a second connecting pipe (42); the nitrogen gas source (20) is connected to the second container (40) through a third connecting pipe (21); the first container (30) is also connected to the external environment through a sample injection line (31); and the first connecting pipe (32), the second connecting pipe (42), and the third connecting pipe (21) are all provided with electromagnetic valves. The first container (30) comprises a first straight section (30a) and a second straight section (30b) which are parallel to each other, the bottom end of the first straight section (30a) is connected to the bottom end of the second straight section through a U-shaped section (30c), the top end of the first straight section (30a) is detachably provided with a first sealing cover (301a), the top end of the second straight section is detachably provided with a collecting tube (70), the top end and the bottom end of the collecting tube (70) are respectively provided with a first opening and a second opening, the inside of the collecting tube (70) is provided with a filtering and collecting assembly for grading and screening microplastic particles, the filtering and collecting assembly comprises a plurality of filtering membranes distributed in a vertical direction, and the filtering pore size of the filtering membrane is determined by the first opening. The bottom end of the collecting pipe (70) is detachably connected to the top end of the second straight section (30b), and the top end of the collecting pipe (70) is detachably provided with a second sealing cover (701). A fourth connecting pipe (71) is also provided on the collecting pipe (70). A liquid outlet branch pipe (34) is provided at the bottom of the U-shaped section (30c), and the liquid inlet end of the fourth connecting pipe (71) is connected to the liquid outlet branch pipe (34). The liquid outlet end of the fourth connecting pipe (71) passes through the second sealing cover (701) and is located above the filtering and collecting assembly. A micro-delivery pump is also provided on the fourth connecting pipe (71), and the micro-delivery pump is electrically connected to the controller.

2. A device for detecting microplastics in air according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sample box (12) is fixedly mounted on one side of the chassis (10), one side of the sample box (12) is fixedly connected to the chassis (10), and a compartment door (122) is hingedly mounted on the opposite side thereof, a mounting plate (60) is disposed at the bottom of the sample box (12), the mounting plate (60) is slidably connected to the sample box (12) and can be pulled outward, an electric heating plate (61) is fixedly mounted above the mounting plate (60), a temperature sensor (611) is disposed inside the electric heating plate (61), and the electric heating plate (61) and the temperature sensor (611) are both electrically connected to the controller, and the lower surface of the second container (40) is in contact with the electric heating plate (61); a connecting plate (62) is vertically arranged on one side of the mounting plate (60) close to the main box (10), and the bottom end of the connecting plate (62) is fixedly connected to the mounting plate (60), and an elastic clamp (621) for fixing the first container (30) and the second container (40) is arranged on one side of the mounting plate (60) close to the compartment door (122).

3. A device for detecting microplastics in air as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The collecting pipe (70) comprises a support (72), the bottom of the support (72) is detachably connected to the second straight section, the top of the support (72) is detachably mounted with a pressing cover (73), the second sealing cover (701) is detachably mounted on the top of the pressing cover (73), a plurality of elastic mounting plates (721) with curved inner walls are closely arranged at the top of the support (72), the elastic mounting plates (721) are arranged on the inner side of the pressing cover (73), and the inner walls of the elastic mounting plates (721) are all A plurality of limiting protrusions (721a) protruding from the elastic mounting plate (721) are arranged in the vertical direction, and the filter collection assembly includes a filter membrane assembly arranged on the inner side of the elastic mounting plate (721), and the filter membrane assembly includes a support grid and a filter membrane arranged above the support grid, and the periphery of the support grid and the filter membrane is connected by an elastic sealing ring, and the elastic sealing ring is detachably mounted on the top of the limiting protrusion (721a) and the outer wall of the elastic sealing ring is in contact with the elastic mounting plate (721).

4. A device for detecting microplastics in air as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A third sealing cover (41) is provided on the top of the second container (40), and a plurality of first through holes for installing connecting pipes are provided on the first sealing cover (301a) and the third sealing cover (41). A plurality of second through holes (121) for connecting pipes to pass through are also provided on the edge of the top plate of the sample box (12), and an exhaust pipe (33) is provided on the first sealing cover (301a) and the second sealing cover (701), and a one-way valve (331) is installed on the exhaust pipe (33).

5. The device for detecting microplastics in air according to claim 1, characterized in that: A clamping seat for fixing the sample injection pipeline (31) is fixedly installed on the top of the chassis (10), and the bottom of the clamping seat is fixedly connected to the housing. A shielding cover is also provided on the top of the clamping seat, and the shielding cover is used to close the sample injection end of the sample injection pipeline (31). A rotating shaft is fixedly installed on the bottom of the shielding cover, and the shielding cover is rotatably connected to the clamping seat through the rotating shaft. A driving motor is fixedly installed below the clamping seat, and a first gear is fixedly installed on the output end of the driving motor. The bottom end of the rotating shaft passes through the clamping seat and is fixedly connected to a second gear, and the second gear is meshed with the first gear.

6. A method for detecting microplastics in the air, characterized in that: The microplastic content in the air is detected using the microplastic detection device as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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