A reconstructed ecosystem for the habitat needs of black-necked cranes
By designing the reconstruction ecosystem of floating islands and land foraging areas, the problem of high difficulty in construction and maintenance of artificial habitats of black-necked cranes is solved, providing a stable habitat and foraging environment, adapting to the ecological needs of black-necked cranes, and through Remote control equipment and water depth monitoring achieve optimal management of water level.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202110396942.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2021-04-13
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-20
- Estimated Expiration
- 2041-04-13
AI Technical Summary
When establishing artificial habitats for black-neck cranes, the existing technology faces problems such as complex underwater terrain, difficult construction, polluted water quality, high maintenance costs and regional drying or submersion caused by seasonal water level changes.
A reconstruction ecosystem including floating islands and land foraging areas was designed. The floating island adopts an oval floating carpet base, with wooden piles and gravel structures installed on the periphery, non-woven geotextiles are laid, drainage greening areas, water depth monitoring equipment, and remote control. Equipment and solar power generation devices, fixed-length wooden piles are installed at the bottom of the floating island to prevent stranding, and a variety of edible vegetation and invertebrate organisms are planted on both sides of the reservoir on the land foraging areas.
It effectively overcomes the problems of underwater construction difficulty and high maintenance costs, provides stable habitat and foraging areas, adapts to the ecological needs of black-necked cranes, reduces the risk of floating islands being stranded, and achieves it through remote control equipment and water depth monitoring. Optimized water level management.
Smart Images
Figure CN112956450B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of reservoir drawdown zone and shallow water area ecosystem transformation for black-necked crane habitat needs, and in particular to a reconstructed ecosystem for black-necked crane habitat needs. Background Art
[0002] The black-necked crane is the only crane in the world that grows and breeds on the plateau. It mainly inhabits plateaus, meadows, reservoir edges, swamps and reed marshes at an altitude of 2,500-5,000 meters, as well as lakeside meadow marshes and river valley marshes. It is a crane that lives in plateau freshwater wetlands. Every spring, it migrates to its breeding grounds in mid-to-late March. In autumn, starting from September, black-necked cranes migrate south in groups to overwinter, and arrive at the wintering grounds in mid-October. The migration period is relatively short and the location changes greatly.
[0003] At present, the only research on black-necked cranes is on an artificial wintering habitat for black-necked cranes and its construction method, which is to establish artificial habitats by using mortar-laid stone walls in floodplains, wide and shallow rivers, reservoirs and other areas. Although this has solved the current situation of insufficient habitats for black-necked cranes to a certain extent, it still faces some inevitable problems. For example, the underwater terrain in floodplains, wide and shallow rivers, reservoirs and other areas is complex and construction is difficult; the underwater construction of mortar-laid stone walls, whether it is a fixed wall or the construction process, is likely to pollute the water quality; the establishment of a large-scale artificial habitat for black-necked cranes on the water has a high cost of maintenance and management in the later stage; seasonal water level fluctuations may cause regional drying up or the artificial habitat to be submerged, etc. Summary of the invention
[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a reconstructed ecosystem oriented to the habitat needs of black-necked cranes, which overcomes the above problems or at least partially solves the above problems.
[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reconstructed ecosystem for the habitat needs of black-necked cranes, comprising a floating island and a land foraging area; the land foraging area is located on both sides of a reservoir; the floating island is located inside the reservoir, the base of the floating island is a floating carpet, the floating island is elliptical in shape as a whole, the long axis of the floating island is placed along the direction of the water flow, and vertical wooden stakes are installed on the bottom of the floating carpet along the four sides of the floating carpet.
[0006] According to a possible design, the outer part of the floating island is surrounded by outer gravel with a slope of 20 to 30 degrees, and gravel with a diameter larger than the aperture of the fishing net is placed in the fishing net. The fishing net fixes the overall shape of the outer gravel, and the floating blanket and the outer gravel form a containing cavity. The diameter of the containing cavity is small at the top and large at the bottom. The inner surface of the containing cavity is paved with non-woven geotextile, and the containing cavity is filled with bottom gravel, sand and soil of different particle sizes from bottom to top, and the upper surface of the soil is lower than the top of the outer gravel.
[0007] According to a possible design, the inner surface of the accommodating cavity is paved with a non-woven geotextile.
[0008] According to a possible design, a retaining board is formed by wooden boards at an angle of 140 to 160 degrees to the plane of the floating carpet at the inner position of the edges of the floating carpet.
[0009] According to one possible design, drainage green areas are set up in the gravel gaps on the outer part of the floating island.
[0010] According to one possible design, water depth monitoring equipment is installed at a central location on the bottom of the floating island.
[0011] According to one possible design, a waterproof remote control device is installed at the tail of the floating island.
[0012] According to one possible design, a solar power generation device is installed inside the floating island.
[0013] According to one possible design, the long axis of the floating island is 60m and the short axis is 30m.
[0014] According to a possible design, two layers of non-woven geotextiles are laid on the inner surface of the accommodating cavity.
[0015] The bottom of the floating island provided by the present invention adopts wooden stakes of fixed length, which can effectively prevent the floating island from being stranded due to the underwater terrain being too high or the water depth being too shallow, and the foraging ground of the black-necked crane is moved to the ground, so as to reasonably utilize the land area. At the same time, in terms of vegetation planting, the food preference of the black-necked crane and the regional vegetation planting characteristics are fully considered, and a variety of edible vegetation are provided for the black-necked crane to choose, and invertebrate organisms are provided for the black-necked crane to forage.
[0016] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented according to the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.
[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a reconstructed ecosystem for the habitat needs of black-necked cranes provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a floating island provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 3 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a floating island provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
[0021] Description of reference numerals:
[0022] 1- floating island, 2- terrestrial foraging area, 3- habitat, 4- drainage greening area, 5- remote control equipment, 6- wooden piles, 7- water depth monitoring equipment, 8- solar power generation device, 9- retaining board, 10- outer gravel, 11- non-woven geotextile, 12- soil, 13- sand and gravel, 14- floating blanket, 15- bottom gravel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.
[0024] The terms "comprises" and "having" and any variations thereof in the description embodiments, claims and drawings of the present invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, including a series of steps or units.
[0025] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0026] like Figure 1-3 , the embodiment of the present invention provides a reconstructed ecosystem for the habitat needs of black-necked cranes, including a floating island 1 and a land foraging area 2;
[0027] The land foraging area 2 is located on both banks of the reservoir;
[0028] The floating island 1 is located inside the reservoir, and the base of the floating island 1 is a floating carpet 14 . The floating island 1 is elliptical in shape as a whole, and the long axis of the floating island 1 is placed along the direction of the water flow. Vertical wooden piles 6 are installed around the bottom of the floating carpet 14 .
[0029] In one example, the outer part of the floating island 1 is surrounded by outer gravel 10 with a slope of 20 to 30 degrees, and gravel with a diameter larger than the aperture of the fishing net is placed in the fishing net. The fishing net fixes the overall shape of the outer gravel 10, and the floating carpet 14 and the outer gravel 10 form a containing cavity, which is the habitat 3. The diameter of the containing cavity is small at the top and large at the bottom. The inner surface of the containing cavity is paved with a non-woven geotextile 11, and the containing cavity is filled with bottom gravel 15, sand and gravel 13, and soil 12 of different particle sizes from bottom to top. Among them, the upper surface of the soil 12 is lower than the top of the outer gravel 10, and the soil filling thickness is slightly lower than the highest height of the outer gravel fixed by the fishing net, in order to prevent rainwater from washing the soil into the river channel. Putting gravel with a diameter larger than the aperture of the fishing net into the fishing net can ensure the stability of the gravel so that it does not slide into the reservoir. The non-woven geotextile laid in the accommodating cavity can ensure that the water flows smoothly and the small-grained gravel and soil cannot pass through, preventing the water level from washing the soil into the reservoir and causing unnecessary siltation. The outer gravel 10 can timely discharge the water filled in the floating island during heavy rain or water storage. The floating island adopts an elliptical structure, which meets the requirements of the black-necked crane for the habitat.
[0030] In one example, two layers of non-woven geotextile 11 are laid on the inner surface of the accommodating cavity.
[0031] In one example, a retaining board 9 is formed by wooden boards at an angle of 140 to 160 degrees to the plane of the floating carpet at the inner edge of the four sides of the floating carpet. The length of the retaining board 9 is 10 cm. The retaining board 9, the floating carpet 14, and the outer gravel 10 pile form a funnel-shaped area. At the same time, a non-woven geotextile 11 is laid and fixed inside the wooden board to collect the soil lost from the inside of the floating island. Exemplarily, three layers of non-woven geotextile 11 are laid inside the wooden board. The retaining board 9 can effectively block the lost soil so that it does not flow into the reservoir and block the river. Exemplarily, the retaining board 9 is 150 degrees to the plane of the floating carpet.
[0032] In one example, the floating blanket 14 is made of closed-cell foam material, which has low density, low surface water absorption, acid resistance, alkali resistance, and aging resistance, and does not crack at low temperatures and does not flow at high temperatures.
[0033] In one example, the long axis of the floating island 1 is designed to be 60 m, the short axis is 30 m, and the thickness of the floating carpet 14 is 5 cm.
[0034] In one example, the outer projection width of the gravel is about 6m. Gravel has high strength, good frost resistance, common materials and low price. The gentle slope makes it convenient for black-necked cranes to stand and take water, and also ensures that water flows out from the inside of the floating island through the gaps.
[0035] In one example, a drainage greening area 4 is set in the gravel gaps on the outer part of the floating island 1. Specifically, low shrub vegetation is planted in the gravel gaps. On the one hand, it can improve the overall aesthetics of the floating island. On the other hand, the low shrub vegetation can play a certain role in preventing wind and sand, and provide shelter for black-necked cranes. The interior of the floating island is designed as a habitat for black-necked cranes. The habitat is elliptical as a whole, with a wide field of vision.
[0036] The present invention takes into account the influence of underwater micro-topography of the reservoir on the floating of the floating island. When the terrain is high, it may hinder the floating of the floating island, or when the underwater terrain is low and the water depth is large, it is not the best choice for the black-necked crane to roost at night. For this reason, vertical wooden piles 6 are installed around the bottom of the floating island 1. The length of the wooden piles 6 is consistent and is controlled at about 10 cm, ensuring that when the water depth is lower than 10 cm, the floating island 1 will not continue to move in the original direction, and the floating island will not be stranded due to water level problems.
[0037] In one example, a water depth monitoring device 7 is installed at the center of the bottom of the floating island 1, and an early warning range is set. When the water depth is within the preset range, such as greater than 30 cm or when the water depth is less than 10 cm, the device automatically starts a remote alarm, and the staff can arrive at the scene in time for processing. The minimum early warning range is set to 10 cm to prevent the floating island from being stranded, and the maximum is set to 30 cm because the black-necked crane will not choose a water depth of more than 30 cm as a habitat. The water depth monitoring device 7 can monitor the water depth in real time, providing a basis for adjusting the position of the floating island according to the water depth in the later stage, so that the water depth at the floating island is the optimal water depth for the black-necked crane to choose a habitat.
[0038] In one example, a waterproof remote control device 5 is installed at the tail of the floating island 1. The remote control device 5 includes a receiver, a steering gear and an electronic speed regulator. The receiver is a component used to process signals from the remote control. The receiver converts the received signals into pulses or digital signals and transmits them to the steering gear of the floating island, so that the floating island completes the command action. The steering gear converts the signals from the receiver into mechanical actions, such as changing direction, adding or subtracting throttle, etc. The electronic speed regulator serves as the power output control system of the floating island. There is also a remote control. The existence of the power device enables the staff on the shore to operate the remote control according to the real-time water depth detector data to remotely control the position of the floating island when the floating island remote alarm sounds, so as to select the optimal water depth for the black-necked crane habitat.
[0039] In one example, a solar power generation device 8 is arranged inside the floating island 1 to fully utilize the advantage of abundant sunlight in the plateau area to provide sufficient power energy for the water depth monitoring equipment and the remote control equipment 5 .
[0040] In one example, the land foraging area 2 is established in the coastal area of the floating island 1, and the foraging area is constructed within the range of 0 to 80m on both sides of the reservoir. Cyperus plants mainly grow in humid areas, are perennial or annual herbs, and are the main food of black-necked cranes. Cyperus plants are planted at 0 to 50m, and at 50 to 80m, the corresponding crops that black-necked cranes like to eat are selected for mixed planting according to the local crop planting conditions. The vegetation height is controlled within the range of 3-10cm, and the coverage is controlled within 40%-60%. At the same time, some invertebrates similar to earthworms are put into the area to loosen the soil to promote vegetation growth, and also provide meat for black-necked cranes.
[0041] In one example, the vegetation height of the terrestrial foraging area 2 ranges from 3 to 10 cm, and the coverage ranges from 40% to 60%. At the same time, some invertebrates such as earthworms are put into the area to loosen the soil to promote vegetation growth and also provide carnivorous organisms for the black-necked cranes.
[0042] The present invention moves the black-necked crane's foraging ground to the ground, rationally utilizes the land area, and fully considers the black-necked crane's food preference and regional vegetation planting characteristics in vegetation planting, provides a variety of edible vegetation for the black-necked crane to choose, and provides invertebrate for the black-necked crane to forage.
[0043] The invention has a wide range of applications, and can be particularly used in the drawdown zone and shallow water areas of reservoirs, and can also be transferred to the protection of other birds.
[0044] The above specific implementation methods further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific implementation methods of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A reconstructed ecosystem for the habitat needs of black-necked cranes, characterized in that: Includes floating islands (1) and terrestrial feeding areas (2); The terrestrial foraging area (2) is located on both banks of the reservoir; The floating island (1) is located inside the reservoir, the base of the floating island (1) is a floating carpet (14), the floating island (1) is elliptical in shape as a whole, the long axis of the floating island (1) is placed along the direction of the water flow, and vertical wooden piles (6) are installed at the bottom of the floating carpet (14) along the four sides of the floating carpet (14); A water depth monitoring device (7) is installed at the center of the bottom of the floating island (1), and an early warning range is set. When the water depth is within the preset range, the device automatically starts a remote alarm, and the staff can arrive at the scene in time for processing; the early warning range is set to a minimum of 10 cm to prevent the floating island from being stranded, and a maximum of 30 cm, because the black-necked crane will not choose a place with a water depth exceeding 30 cm as a habitat. The water depth monitoring device (7) can monitor the water depth in real time, providing a basis for adjusting the position of the floating island according to the water depth in the later stage, so that the water depth at the floating island is the optimal water depth for the black-necked crane to choose as a habitat; A waterproof remote control device (5) is installed at the tail of the floating island (1). The remote control device (5) includes a receiver, a steering gear and an electronic speed regulator. The receiver is a component used to process signals from the remote control. The receiver converts the received signals into pulses or digital signals and transmits them to the steering gear of the floating island, so that the floating island completes the command action. The steering gear converts the signals sent by the receiver into mechanical actions. The electronic speed regulator serves as a power output control system of the floating island. There is also a remote control. The existence of the remote control device (5) enables the staff on the shore to operate the remote control according to the real-time water depth detector data to remotely control the position of the floating island when the floating island remote alarm sounds, so as to select the optimal water depth for the black-necked crane habitat.
2. The reconstructed ecosystem for the habitat needs of black-necked cranes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer part of the floating island (1) is surrounded by outer gravels (10) with a slope of 20 to 30 degrees. Gravels with a diameter larger than the aperture of the fishing net are placed in the fishing net. The fishing net fixes the overall shape of the outer gravels (10). The floating blanket (14) and the outer gravels (10) form a receiving cavity. The diameter of the receiving cavity is small at the top and large at the bottom. The inner surface of the receiving cavity is paved with a non-woven geotextile (11). The receiving cavity is filled with bottom gravels (15), sand and gravel (13), and soil (12) of different particle sizes from bottom to top. The upper surface of the soil (12) is lower than the top of the outer gravels (10).
3. The reconstructed ecosystem for the habitat needs of black-necked cranes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner surface of the accommodating cavity is paved with a non-woven geotextile (11).
4. The reconstructed ecosystem for the habitat needs of black-necked cranes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A circle of retaining plates (9) is formed by wooden boards at an angle of 140 to 160 degrees to the plane of the floating carpet (14) at the inner side of the edges of the floating carpet (14).
5. The reconstructed ecosystem for the habitat needs of black-necked cranes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A drainage greening area (4) is provided in the gravel gaps at the outer portion of the floating island (1).
6. The reconstructed ecosystem for the habitat needs of black-necked cranes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A solar power generation device (8) is arranged inside the floating island (1).
7. The reconstructed ecosystem for the habitat needs of black-necked cranes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The long axis of the floating island (1) is 60m and the short axis is 30m.
8. The reconstructed ecosystem for the habitat needs of black-necked cranes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner surface of the accommodating cavity is paved with two layers of non-woven geotextiles (11).