A composite tool for non-metallic composite materials

Abstract

The present invention discloses a composite tool for non-metallic composite materials. The drilling edge first contacts the workpiece, and the tool head feeds axially, enabling the reaming edge to contact the drilled hole and further increasing the hole diameter. Then, the boring edge cuts the inner wall of the drilled hole. If a larger hole diameter needs to be drilled, it further feeds axially to enable the milling edge to cut. First, the drilling edge performs finish machining to form a preliminary shape, and the reaming edge gradually transitions to the boring edge for cutting, and the boring edge performs finish machining. The thickness to be cut during the transition from the drilling edge to the boring edge is very small, achieving higher machining accuracy. Similarly, only a small thickness needs to be cut during the transition from the boring edge to the milling edge, with higher accuracy compared to traditional drill bits. The boring edge and the milling edge of the present invention can not only drill two different hole diameters, but also be used as milling cutters for milling operations. This composite tool simultaneously has the functions of machining two hole diameters and milling operations, reducing the tool change frequency and improving the machining efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of processing of new composite materials, and more particularly to a composite tool for non-metallic composite materials. Background Art

[0002] With the wide application of new composite materials, higher requirements are put forward for the processing of non-metallic composite materials with high strength, light weight and corrosion resistance. For the drilling of difficult-to-process materials, the drilling of composite materials needs to meet the requirements of high precision, no splitting, no burrs and smooth hole walls.

[0003] When a common twist drill is used to process new composite materials, the drill bit drills a hole in one pass, and defects such as burrs and splitting are likely to appear at the exit, the hole-making precision is not high, and the tool is easily worn. In order to improve the processing precision, at least two processes are required, the first rough machining, and subsequent further grinding for finishing machining; when operating in a robotized assembly line, the tool needs to be frequently stopped and changed, which greatly reduces the processing efficiency.

[0004] For those skilled in the art, how to reduce the number of tool changes and improve the processing precision of composite materials is a technical problem that needs to be solved at present. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The core of the present invention is to provide a composite tool for non-metallic composite materials, which can improve the processing precision, processing quality and processing efficiency of composite materials. The specific solutions are as follows:

[0006] A composite tool for non-metallic composite materials includes a shank and a working part. The working part includes a drilling edge, a chip groove, a reaming edge, a finishing edge, a transition edge and a milling edge that are each symmetrically arranged about a center;

[0007] The drilling edge, the reaming edge, the finishing edge, the transition edge and the milling edge are sequentially distributed from front to back;

[0008] The outer diameter of the reaming edge is between the outer diameter of the drilling edge and the outer diameter of the finishing edge; the outer diameter of the milling edge is greater than the outer diameter of the finishing edge.

[0009] Optionally, the point angles of the drilling edge, the reaming edge and the finishing edge decrease successively;

[0010] The intersections of the cutting edges between the drilling edge and the reaming edge, between the reaming edge and the finishing edge, and between the transition edge and the milling edge form an outward convex obtuse angle;

[0011] The intersection of the cutting edges between the finishing edge and the transition edge forms an inward concave obtuse angle.

[0012] Optionally, the hole-expanding edge, the reaming edge, the transition edge, and the milling edge are respectively arranged on four spiral lines;

[0013] The drilling edge is arranged on two of the spiral lines, and relief edges are arranged on the other two spiral lines.

[0014] Optionally, the drilling edge forms a chisel edge at the drill tip, and the chisel edge is an arc that is centrosymmetric.

[0015] Optionally, the land width range of the reaming edge is 0.15 - 0.3 mm; the length range of the chisel edge is 0.1 - 0.3 mm.

[0016] Optionally, the point angle range of the drilling edge is 100 - 130°; the point angle range of the relief edge is 80 - 100°; the point angle range of the hole-expanding edge is 30 - 50°; the point angle range of the transition edge is 90 - 130°.

[0017] Optionally, the helix angle range of the spiral line is 5 - 20°.

[0018] Optionally, the clearance angle range of the drilling edge is 10 - 15°; the clearance angle range of the hole-expanding edge is 8 - 15°; the clearance angle range of the transition edge is 6 - 15°; the clearance angle range of the milling edge is 6 - 12°;

[0019] Optionally, the rake angle range of the chip flute is 3 - 5°.

[0020] Optionally, the outer diameter range of the drilling edge is 0.5 - 0.6d, where d is the diameter of the reaming edge.

[0021] The present invention provides a composite tool for non-metallic composite materials, which includes a shank and a working part. The working part includes a drilling edge, a chip flute, a reaming edge, a broaching edge, a transition edge, and a milling edge that are each centrosymmetrically arranged; the chip flute is used for chip removal. During machining, the drilling edge first contacts the workpiece and cuts on the workpiece to form a preliminary drill hole. The tool tip feeds axially to make the reaming edge contact the drill hole and further increase the hole diameter, and then the broaching edge cuts the inner wall of the drill hole; if a larger hole diameter needs to be drilled, further feed axially to make the milling edge cut; first, the drilling edge finely processes to form a preliminary shape, and gradually transitions from the reaming edge to the broaching edge for cutting, and the broaching edge performs fine machining. During the process of transitioning from the drilling edge to the broaching edge, the thickness to be cut by the broaching edge is very small, so higher machining accuracy can be achieved; similarly, when transitioning from the broaching edge to the milling edge, only a small thickness needs to be cut, and precise cutting machining can also be achieved, with higher accuracy compared to traditional drill bits. The broaching edge and the milling edge of the present invention can not only drill and process two different hole diameters, but can also be used as milling cutters to mill the side walls of the holes. This composite tool simultaneously has the functions of machining two hole diameters and milling operations, reducing the tool change frequency and improving the machining efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following described drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0023] Figure 1A It is a schematic structural diagram of a specific embodiment of the composite tool for non-metallic composite materials provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 1B It is a partial structural diagram of the front end part of the composite tool for non-metallic composite materials provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2A Figure 2B They are respectively the front view and the top view of a specific embodiment of the composite tool for non-metallic composite materials provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3A It is a cross-sectional view of the A-A part in FIG. 1;

[0027] Figure 3B It is a cross-sectional view of the B-B part in FIG. 1;

[0028] Figure 3C It is a cross-sectional view of the C-C part in FIG. 1;

[0029] Figure 3DIt is a sectional view of the D-D part in Figure 1.

[0030] The figure includes:

[0031] A shank 1, a working part 2, a drilling edge 21, a relief edge 211, a chisel edge 212, a chip flute 22, a reaming edge 23, a boring edge 24, a transition edge 25, and a milling edge 26. Specific embodiments

[0032] The core of the present invention lies in providing a composite tool for non-metallic composite materials, which can improve the machining accuracy and efficiency of drilling.

[0033] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the composite tool for non-metallic composite materials of the present invention will be introduced and described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] The composite tool for non-metallic composite materials of the present invention is used for machining non-metallic composite materials on robots or automated production lines, which are new types of difficult-to-machine materials. Figure 1A It is a structural schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the composite tool for non-metallic composite materials provided by the present invention. Figure 1B It is a partial structural diagram of the front end part of the composite tool for non-metallic composite materials provided by the present invention. Figure 2A Figure 2B They are respectively the front view and top view of a specific embodiment of the composite tool for non-metallic composite materials provided by the present invention. The composite tool for non-metallic composite materials of the present invention includes a shank 1 and a working part 2. The shank 1 is used for fixation in cooperation with a machine tool fixture. The working part 2 includes a drilling edge 21, a chip flute 22, a reaming edge 23, a boring edge 24, a transition edge 25, and a milling edge 26 that are respectively arranged in central symmetry. That is, the six structures of the drilling edge 21, the chip flute 22, the reaming edge 23, the boring edge 24, the transition edge 25, and the milling edge 26 are respectively centrally symmetrically distributed about themselves. Among the above six structures, each structure is provided with at least two. At least two drilling edges 21 are centrally symmetrically distributed, at least two chip flutes 22 are centrally symmetrically distributed, at least two reaming edges 23 are centrally symmetrically distributed, at least two boring edges 24 are centrally symmetrically distributed, at least two transition edges 25 are centrally symmetrically distributed, and at least two milling edges 26 are centrally symmetrically distributed. The milling edge 26 has the ability to machine circular holes and also has the ability to machine waist-shaped holes.

[0035] Due to the presence of the chip flute 22, the drilling edge 21, the reaming edge 23, the boring edge 24, the transition edge 25, and the milling edge 26 form cutting edges. The chip flute 22 is a concave structure formed by cutting, located between each cutting edge, providing a chip removal channel for cutting, enabling the chips to be discharged smoothly to the outside.

[0036] The drilling edge 21, reaming edge 23, broaching edge 24, transition edge 25, and milling edge 26 are distributed in sequence from front to back. Here, the front and back are in the feed direction during drilling. The end that first contacts the workpiece is the front end, and the end connected to the electric drill is the rear end.

[0037] The outer diameter dimension of the reaming edge 23 is between the outer diameter of the drilling edge 21 and the outer diameter of the broaching edge 24. The outer diameter of the drilling edge 21 is smaller than the outer diameter of the broaching edge 24, and the outer diameter of the milling edge 26 is larger than the outer diameter of the broaching edge 24. During forward feed machining, the drilling edge 21, reaming edge 23, broaching edge 24, transition edge 25, and milling edge 26 contact the workpiece in sequence for drilling machining, gradually increasing the hole diameter. The tangent of the cutting edge of the reaming edge 23 and the transition edge 25 forms an acute angle with the axis direction of the entire tool, that is, the reaming edge 23 and the transition edge 25 are inclined, playing a transitional role and making the transition smoother during the feed process.

[0038] Using the composite tool for non-metallic composite materials provided by the present invention can machine through holes with higher precision. The specific machining process is as follows: First, the drilling edge 21 contacts the workpiece to be machined, and a rough machining groove is drilled on the workpiece. The composite tool for non-metallic composite materials feeds axially, and the depth of the groove gradually increases. Gradually, the reaming edge 23 contacts the workpiece. Since the outer diameter of the reaming edge 23 is larger than the outer diameter of the drilling edge 21, the reaming edge 23 further cuts on the basis of the groove machined by the drilling edge 21. With the axial feed, gradually, the broaching edge 24 extends into the groove for machining. From the initial cutting by the drilling edge 21 to the cutting by the broaching edge 24 entering the groove, most of the material has been removed. The broaching edge 24 only needs to further perform a small amount of fine machining on the basis of the already machined groove, improving the hole-making precision and the flatness of the hole wall, preventing splitting and burrs at the inlet and outlet ends that often occur during the hole-making process of composite materials, improving the machining precision of the inner wall, and solving the problems such as splitting and burrs at the inlet and outlet ends that often occur during the hole-making process of composite materials by traditional twist drills.

[0039] If a larger hole diameter needs to be machined, continue to feed the tool forward to make the transition edge 25 contact the workpiece for cutting, and finally make the milling edge 26 cut the workpiece to machine a larger hole diameter using the milling edge 26; only a small thickness needs to be cut when transitioning from the broaching edge 24 machining a hole with a first size to the milling edge 26 machining a hole with a second size, improving the hole-making precision and the flatness of the hole wall, preventing splitting and burrs at the inlet and outlet ends that often occur during the hole-making process of composite materials, thereby ensuring the machining precision of the inner wall of the hole.

[0040] In addition to machining through holes with two different hole diameters, the reaming edge 24 and the milling edge 26 can also be used for milling operations, capable of making waist-shaped holes and machining the shape of workpieces. That is, the composite tool for the entire non-metallic composite material can not only machine through holes with different hole diameters, but also be used as a milling cutter, combining multiple different functions on one tool head, reducing the number of tool changes during the machining process, avoiding multiple positioning and repeated positioning caused by tool changes, and improving machining efficiency.

[0041] In addition to machining round holes, the composite tool of the present invention can also be used for machining waist-shaped holes or shape machining. The milling edge 26 is used to machine a waist-shaped hole or mill the surface shape of the workpiece, realizing integrated machining of drilling, reaming, and milling of composite materials. Using one tool to complete multiple machining operations avoids the influence of tool change or multiple tool changes during the machining process on machining efficiency, and also avoids the defect that multiple positioning and repeated positioning caused by tool change affect machining accuracy.

[0042] On the basis of the above solution, in the present invention, the point angles of the drilling edge 21, the reaming edge 23, and the reaming edge 24 decrease successively. The point angle is the angle formed by the tangent of the cutting edge. For example, Figure 1A the angle θ1 in represents the point angle of the reaming edge 23. The drilling edge 21, the reaming edge 23, and the reaming edge 24 each have their corresponding point angles.

[0043] Among the three structures of the drilling edge 21, the reaming edge 23, and the reaming edge 24, the point angle formed by the drilling edge 21 is the largest, and the point angle formed by the reaming edge 24 is the smallest. The point angle of the reaming edge 24 can be 0 degrees, that is, the cutting edge tangent of the reaming edge 24 can be set in parallel. At this time, the reaming edge 24 is used to machine a cylindrical through hole.

[0044] The intersections of the cutting edges between the drilling edge 21 and the reaming edge 23, between the reaming edge 23 and the reaming edge 24, and between the transition edge 25 and the milling edge 26 form outward convex obtuse angles. The drilling edge 21 itself does not drill a cylindrical groove of a certain size, but directly transitions from the drilling edge 21 to the reaming edge 23. The outward convex obtuse angle structure can achieve a smoother transition, and the resistance to forward feed during drilling is smaller. The intersection of the cutting edges between the reaming edge 24 and the transition edge 25 forms an inward concave obtuse angle to prevent the formation of sharp steps and reduce the resistance to feed transition from the reaming edge 24 to the milling edge 26.

[0045] It should be noted that the outer diameters of the drilling edge 21 and the reaming edge 23 gradually change axially from one end to the other end, which is a variable diameter structure. The reaming edge 24 and the milling edge 26 can adopt an equal diameter structure form or a variable diameter structure form. The outer diameters at the intersections of each cutting edge are equal.

[0046] Figure 1AThe included angle ω therein represents the angle formed by the cutting edges between the reaming edge 23 and the broaching edge 24, that is, the angle formed by the tangents at the junction of the reaming edge 23 and the broaching edge 24; obtuse angles are provided at the positions where the drilling edge 21, the reaming edge 23, and the broaching edge 24 meet pairwise, and there are no sharp parts at the positions where they transition pairwise between the three, enabling relatively smooth transitions and no obvious stress concentration at the tip angle.

[0047] Compared with the process of drilling a hole at one time with a traditional drill bit, the composite tool for non-metallic composite materials provided by the present invention divides the drilling process into a gradually transitioning cutting process, thus enabling higher-precision cutting processing.

[0048] The present invention provides a preferred setting scheme herein. The reaming edge 23, the broaching edge 24, the transition edge 25, and the milling edge 26 are respectively arranged on four spiral lines, that is, the reaming edge 23, the broaching edge 24, the transition edge 25, and the milling edge 26 each have four cutting edges respectively. The reaming edge 23, the broaching edge 24, the transition edge 25, and the milling edge 26 are arranged in sequence on the same spiral line; the drilling edge 21 is arranged on two of the spiral lines, and relief edges 211 are arranged on the other two spiral lines. The two drilling edges 21 are arranged in central symmetry, and the two relief edges 211 are arranged in central symmetry. The outer diameter of each part of the relief edge 211 is smaller than the outer diameter of the corresponding drilling edge 21 at the corresponding position. Therefore, the relief edge 211 does not contact the workpiece and plays a role of avoidance. A chip pocket 22 is formed between the relief edge 211 and the drilling edge 21 to achieve a better chip evacuation effect.

[0049] Due to the provision of two drilling edges 21, a web 212 is formed at the drill tip of the drilling edge 21. The web 212 is a centrally symmetric arc. The web corresponding to each drilling edge 21 is a section of a "C" - shaped structure, and the two drilling edges 21 are spliced to form a web 212 similar to an "S" shape; the web 212 is located at the very front end of the entire composite tool for non-metallic composite materials and contacts the workpiece first. The web 212 is formed by grinding the chip pocket 22, and the sharper the web 212, the better the cutting effect.

[0050] In addition to the above form of arranging four spiral lines, other structures can also be set, such as arranging three centrally symmetric spiral lines. At this time, the formed web 212 is spliced by three centrally symmetric "C" - shaped structures.

[0051] Specifically, the width range of the land of the broaching edge 24 corresponding to the present invention is 0.15 - 0.3 mm; the length range of the web 212 is 0.1 - 0.3 mm.

[0052] Specifically, in the present invention, the point angle range of the drilling edge 21 is 100 to 130°; the point angle range of the relief edge 211 is 80 to 100°; the point angle range of the reaming edge 23 is 30 to 50°; the point angle range of the transition edge 25 is 90 to 130°.

[0053] In the present invention, the helix angle range of the helix is 5 to 20°, and the helix angle is determined within the range of 5 to 20° according to the diameter of the milling edge 26.

[0054] Figure 3A It is a sectional view of part A-A in Fig. 1; Figure 3B It is a sectional view of part B-B in Fig. 1, showing the cross-section of the reaming edge 23; Figure 3C It is a sectional view of part C-C in Fig. 1, showing the cross-section of the drilling edge 21; Figure 3D It is a sectional view of part D-D in Fig. 1, showing the cross-section of the milling edge 26. Figure 3A R0.3 in it indicates that the radius of the arc at the bottom of the tool groove is 0.3 mm.

[0055] θ1 represents the point angle of the reaming edge, θ2 represents the point angle of the transition edge, β represents the helix angle, α11 represents the first clearance angle of the drilling edge, α12 represents the second clearance angle of the drilling edge, the first clearance angle is 10 to 15°, and the second clearance angle is 30 to 50°; f1 represents the land width of the drilling edge, γ1 represents the rake angle of the drilling edge, and the rake angle range is 12 to 18°; α21 represents the first clearance angle of the reaming edge, α22 represents the second clearance angle of the reaming edge, f2 represents the width of the reaming edge; α31 represents the first clearance angle of the reaming edge, α32 represents the second clearance angle of the milling edge, the first clearance angle is 10 to 15°, and the second clearance angle is 20 to 30°; f3 represents the width of the milling edge, γ2 represents the rake angle of the milling edge, and the rake angle range is 10 to 15°.

[0056] The clearance angle range of the drilling edge 21 is 10 to 15°; the clearance angle range of the reaming edge 23 is 8 to 15°; the clearance angle range of the transition edge 25 is 6 to 15°; the clearance angle range of the milling edge 26 is 6 to 12°; the rake angle range of the chip flute 22 is 3 to 5°.

[0057] The outer diameter range of the drilling edge 21 is 0.5 to 0.6d, where d is the diameter of the reaming edge 24, that is, the maximum range of the outer diameter of the drilling edge 21 is 0.5 to 0.6d.

[0058] The numerical ranges in the present invention all include the endpoint values.

[0059] The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to practice or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A composite tool for non-metallic composite materials, comprising a shank (1) and a working part (2), characterized in that, The working part (2) includes a drilling edge (21), a chip groove (22), a reaming edge (23), a boring edge (24), a transition edge (25) and a milling edge (26), which are respectively arranged in central symmetry; The drilling edge (21), the reaming edge (23), the boring edge (24), the transition edge (25) and the milling edge (26) are sequentially distributed from front to back; The outer diameter of the reaming edge (23) is between the outer diameter of the drilling edge (21) and the outer diameter of the boring edge (24); the outer diameter of the milling edge (26) is greater than the outer diameter of the boring edge (24); The point angles of the drilling edge (21), the reaming edge (23) and the boring edge (24) decrease successively; The intersections of the cutting edges between the drilling edge (21) and the reaming edge (23), between the reaming edge (23) and the boring edge (24), and between the transition edge (25) and the milling edge (26) form outward convex obtuse angles; The intersection of the cutting edges between the boring edge (24) and the transition edge (25) forms an inward concave obtuse angle; The reaming edge (23), the boring edge (24), the transition edge (25) and the milling edge (26) are respectively arranged on four spiral lines; The drilling edge (21) is arranged on two of the spiral lines, and relief edges (211) are arranged on the other two spiral lines; The point angle range of the drilling edge (21) is 100~130°; the point angle range of the relief edge (211) is 80~100°; the point angle range of the reaming edge (23) is 30~50°; the point angle range of the transition edge (25) is 90~130°; The helix angle range of the spiral line is 5~20°.

2. The composite tool for non-metallic composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drilling edge (21) forms a web (212) at the drill tip, and the web (212) is an arc in central symmetry.

3. The composite tool for non-metallic composite materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, The land width range of the boring edge (24) is 0.15~0.3mm; the length range of the web (212) is 0.1~0.3mm.

4. The composite tool for non-metallic composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clearance angle range of the drilling edge (21) is 10~15°; the clearance angle range of the reaming edge (23) is 8~15°; the clearance angle range of the transition edge (25) is 6~15°; the clearance angle range of the milling edge (26) is 6~12°.

5. The composite tool for non-metallic composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rake angle range of the chip groove (22) is 3~5°.

6. The composite tool for non-metallic composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer diameter range of the drilling edge (21) is 0.5~0.6d, where d is the diameter of the boring edge (24).

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