A ventilation system for an extra-long double-tunnel with horizontal driving and vertical ventilation, combined with a ventilation shaft module

Abstract

The present invention relates to a transverse-driving and longitudinal-elongating ventilation system for an extra-long double-tunnel combined with a ventilation shaft module. The extra-long double-tunnel includes two tunnels separated by a middle partition wall. The ventilation system includes at least one ventilation shaft module, which is arranged in the extra-long double-tunnel and divides the extra-long double-tunnel into at least two independent ventilation sections along the length direction. Both ends of each independent ventilation section have openings communicating with the external environment. Each independent ventilation section includes two tunnel sections separated by a middle partition wall, and at least one fan module for conducting the air paths of the two tunnel sections is arranged on the independent ventilation section. The tunnel section facing the air inlet of the fan module is the air inlet tunnel section, and the tunnel section facing the air outlet of the fan module is the air outlet tunnel section.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel ventilation, and particularly relates to a transverse-driving longitudinal ultra-long double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module. Background Art

[0002] With the modernization of China's transportation system, there are more and more highway and railway tunnels passing through mountains, underwater railway and highway tunnels passing through large rivers, and low-level subway (light rail) tunnels in urban underground spaces, etc. This has fundamentally changed people's transportation and logistics modes, and has fundamentally changed people's spatial concepts regarding cities and the distances between cities.

[0003] Currently, there are more and more tunnel projects, and the importance of the tunnel ventilation system as a life support system has become prominent as the designed length of the tunnel gets longer. The ventilation methods for highway tunnels can be divided into three basic modes: longitudinal, semi-transverse, and full-transverse, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. From the perspective of the fire prevention and smoke exhaust effects and the hygiene conditions inside the tunnel, the semi-transverse and full-transverse ventilation system solutions are more suitable. However, such solutions require the construction of a pilot tunnel parallel to the tunnel or the installation of air ducts on the tunnel dome as dedicated channels for supplying and / or exhausting air to the tunnel, resulting in higher costs in the aspects of construction, ventilation equipment, and operation management. The longitudinal ventilation solution, although having lower construction costs, has high ventilation operation energy consumption, and the length of the tunnel fire section is the same as the length of the tunnel, and the fire prevention and smoke exhaust effects are relatively poor.

[0004] In the past twenty years, the full-transverse and semi-transverse ventilation methods have gradually declined in the construction of highway tunnels, and the longitudinal ventilation system has become the mainstream mode of highway tunnel ventilation in China.

[0005] Reference Figure 1 , the jet fans 20 are installed in groups on the ceiling of the highway tunnel 10 in a distributed manner, succeeding one another and conveying in relays to push the air inside the tunnel to flow in the forward direction.

[0006] The following is an actual case of a highway tunnel ventilation system.

[0007] According to the February 2006 issue of "Central South Highway Engineering", a certain extra-long tunnel is located on the Lianyungang-Horgos national highway. The total length of the left line of the tunnel is 12,205 m, with a unidirectional slope of 1.64%, a maximum buried depth of about 489 m, and a maximum fresh air demand of 651 m 3 / s. Two vertical shafts are set up, and three-stage ventilation is adopted. The two vertical shaft fan rooms are equipped with 4 axial fans with a total of 380 kw. At the same time, 32 jet fans with a total of 960 kw are arranged at intervals along the tunnel direction. For every 1 m of the left line of the tunnel 3 / s of fresh air requires a power load of 2 kw; the total length of the right line of the tunnel is 12,260 m, with a unidirectional slope of +1.62%, a maximum buried depth of 477 m, and a fresh air demand of 962 m3 / s, the 3 vertical shafts are set to adopt four-section ventilation. The fan rooms of the 3 vertical shafts are equipped with 6 axial fans with a total of 2,490 kW. At the same time, 30 jet fans with a total of 900 kW are configured at intervals along the tunnel direction. The average fresh air volume per 1 m of the right line of the tunnel 3 / s of fresh air requires a power load of 3.5 kW.

[0008] Under the technical condition that a total of 5 ventilation vertical shafts are set on the left and right lines of the tunnel, the length of each independent ventilation section of the tunnel has been reduced to less than 4 km, and the tunnel cross-section wind speed has been reduced to about 4 m / s (secondary wind). The average fresh air volume per 1 m of the left and right lines 3 / s of fresh air still requires power loads as high as 2.5 kW and 3.5 kW respectively. The average fresh air volume per 1 m of the left and right lines 3 / s of fresh air has an electricity load of around 3.0 kW, and the total load of the ventilation system is as high as 4,730 kW. The load configuration seriously exceeds the normal range;

[0009] According to the air flow resistance formula ⊿P=(1 + ξ + λL / D)·ρ / 2·ν 2 , in the formula, "1" and "ξ" in the brackets are the local resistance coefficients of the tunnel air outlet and air inlet respectively. ξ generally takes 0.5; "λ" is the friction coefficient between the tunnel air flow and the tunnel wall surface, usually between 0.022 - 0.025, dimensionless; "L" and "D" are the length of the tunnel between the openings and the equivalent diameter of the tunnel cross-section. The D value of a two-lane tunnel is taken as 8; "ρ" and "ν" are the density and velocity of the air flow in the tunnel. The air flow resistance of the 4 independent ventilation sections of the right line of the tunnel=(1 + 0.5 + 0.025·3000 / 8)·1.2 / 2·4 2 =104.4 pa, the air volume Q = 962 m 3 / s / 4 = 240.5 m 3 / s. The effective power for the fan group to overcome the air flow tunnel resistance of a single independent ventilation section of the right line is ⊿P×Q = 104.4 pa×240.5 m 3 / s = 25.1 kW; There are 7 independent ventilation sections in total for the 5 vertical shafts on the left and right lines of the tunnel. Taking the upper limit calculation, the total effective power is 7×25.1 = 175.8 kW; Assuming that 50% of the above total fan load is used as the standby load and only half is actually operating, the ventilation energy efficiency η of the tunnel = total effective power / total load = 175.8 / 4730 / 2 = 7.4%. The energy efficiency is too low, and the tunnel operation cost remains high. The ventilation system scheme of this tunnel needs to be re-examined and studied from a new perspective. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The present invention provides a horizontal-driving longitudinal ultra-long double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module. The ultra-long double-tunnel includes two tunnels separated by a middle partition wall. The ventilation system includes at least one ventilation shaft module. The ventilation shaft module is arranged in the middle of the ultra-long double-tunnel, dividing the ultra-long double-tunnel into at least two independent ventilation sections along the length direction. Both ends of the independent ventilation section have openings communicating with the external environment.

[0011] The independent ventilation section includes two tunnel sections separated by a middle partition wall. At least one fan module for conducting the air paths of the two tunnel sections is arranged on the independent ventilation section. The tunnel section facing the suction port of the fan module is the intake tunnel section, and the tunnel section facing the exhaust port of the fan module is the exhaust tunnel section.

[0012] Preferably, the ventilation shaft module includes a ventilation shaft and two connecting air ducts. The ventilation shaft is a double-duct ventilation shaft composed of two reverse air ducts. One ends of the two reverse air ducts communicate with the external environment, and the other ends communicate with the two tunnels of the ultra-long double-tunnel through the two connecting air ducts respectively.

[0013] Preferably, the ventilation shaft module includes two ventilation shafts and two connecting air ducts. One ends of the two ventilation shafts communicate with the external environment, and the other ends communicate with the two tunnels of the ultra-long double-tunnel through the two connecting air ducts respectively.

[0014] Preferably, the ventilation shaft is a vertical shaft or an inclined shaft.

[0015] Preferably, a ventilation shaft fan module is arranged in the connecting air duct.

[0016] Preferably, the fan module is arranged on the middle partition wall section.

[0017] Preferably, at least one ventilation duct for connecting the two tunnel sections is arranged on the middle partition wall section. The fan module includes at least one fan, and the fan is arranged in the ventilation duct.

[0018] Preferably, a plurality of the ventilation ducts are arranged at intervals on the middle partition wall section, and the plurality of ventilation ducts are distributed along the length direction of the middle partition wall.

[0019] Preferably, the fan module includes at least one fan one and at least one fan two. The fan one and the fan two are arranged back to back in the exhaust tunnel section, and the exhaust ports face the two openings at both ends of the exhaust tunnel section respectively. The suction ports of the fan one and the fan two communicate with the intake tunnel section through air guiding pipes passing through the middle partition wall section.

[0020] Preferably, at least one ventilation duct for communicating the air inlet tunnel section and the exhaust air tunnel section is provided on the partition wall, and the air guiding pipe is arranged in the ventilation duct; both the first fan and the second fan are suspended on the dome of the exhaust air tunnel section.

[0021] Preferably, the fan module includes a plurality of the first fans and a plurality of the second fans arranged at intervals along the length direction of the exhaust air tunnel section. The plurality of the first fans are sequentially and spacedly distributed from the middle of the exhaust air tunnel section to one end opening, and the plurality of the second fans are sequentially and spacedly distributed from the middle of the exhaust air tunnel section to the other end opening.

[0022] Preferably, the fan module has a function of forward and reverse rotation.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0024] ① Greatly simplify the layout structure of the connecting air ducts between the ventilation shaft and the tunnel

[0025] The present invention relates to a transverse-driving longitudinal ultra-long double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module, which innovates a transverse-driving longitudinal ventilation mode, no longer maintains the consistency between the tunnel air flow direction and the traffic flow direction, and the tunnel air flow direction and the traffic flow direction can be the same or opposite. Thus, fresh air can be injected into the fresh air inlet tunnel through the connecting air duct of the ventilation shaft at a certain position of the fresh air inlet tunnel, and then the fresh air flows back into the two tunnel sections of the fresh air inlet tunnel; the dirty air can be extracted from the connecting air duct of the ventilation shaft at a certain position of the exhaust air tunnel, and the dirty air comes from two adjacent tunnel sections of the exhaust air tunnel in opposite directions.

[0026] The present invention greatly simplifies the layout structure of the connecting air ducts between the ventilation shaft and the tunnel. The number of the connecting air ducts of the supply and exhaust air shafts in the longitudinal ventilation mode is reduced from 4 to 2, greatly reducing the construction workload of the ultra-long tunnel ventilation system and greatly reducing the operation resistance of the ventilation shaft module.

[0027] For ultra-long tunnels such as the Qinling Zhongnanshan Tunnel (18 km), the present invention combines the ventilation shaft module with the transverse-driving longitudinal and partial air flow short-circuit technology at the openings, and operates in a segmented supply and exhaust air mode, which can reduce the number of ventilation shafts and connecting air ducts, and has obvious competitive advantages in terms of investment amount, operation economy and other indicators.

[0028] ② The tunnel ventilation resistance is reduced, and the operation energy consumption is greatly reduced.

[0029] The traditional longitudinal ventilation system for tunnels can only drive the slow main airflow to accelerate forward by the mutual friction and diffusion penetration between the high-speed gas jet generated by the jet fans on the tunnel dome and the slow airflow in the main tunnel. This causes local resistance at the suction inlet and the enlarged outlet of the jet fans in the tunnel, generating a periodic longitudinal and transverse alternating velocity gradient field in the tunnel, resulting in an increase in the Reynolds number of the tunnel airflow, a serious local turbulent state, and high-intensity noise above 80 dB. This leads to resistance, friction, vortices, and mutual diffusion between different velocity airflow layers, which are the fundamental reasons for the low efficiency of airflow transportation and should be avoided as much as possible during the fluid transportation process;

[0030] In the present invention, multiple transverse fan modules are combined and arranged in each independent ventilation section. A part of the ventilation airflow near the two ends of the inlet tunnel is boosted by the transverse fan modules near the inlet of the inlet tunnel and then input into the exhaust tunnel nearby to dilute the concentration of harmful components in the air at the end of the exhaust tunnel and improve the air quality at the end of the exhaust tunnel. Moreover, the position where this part of the ventilation airflow is discharged into the exhaust tunnel is also close to the two exhaust openings at both ends of the exhaust tunnel, significantly reducing the path length of this part of the airflow, thereby further reducing the air flow rate, operating resistance, and ventilation energy consumption in the middle of the inlet and exhaust tunnels;

[0031] ③ Stable throttling, flat interface propulsion, and power dispersion

[0032] The present invention relates to a transverse-driving longitudinal ultra-long double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module. The transverse fan modules in the independent ventilation sections establish a "dam-type" air pressure difference between their own outlets and inlets, and between their own inlets, outlets and the tunnel openings to drive the airflow to move along the tunnel. Multiple parallel transverse fan modules jointly drive the air flow in the long and slender longitudinal tunnel, forming a long-snake array airflow pattern. Due to the continuous throttling and stable constraint effects of the spatial constraint and resistance constraint of the huge wall surface of the long and slender longitudinal tunnel on the long-snake array airflow, at any vertical cross-section of the tunnel outside the suction and discharge openings of the transverse fan modules and singular points such as moving vehicles, the airflow velocities at the positions before, after, above and below this cross-section are uniform, without significant airflow vortices and without significant mixing friction between multiple multi-layer different velocity airflows, presenting an airflow pattern of expanding parallel propulsion of the air interface in the tunnel;

[0033] The present invention relates to a transverse-driving-longitudinal ultra-long double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module. In the independent ventilation section, a "dike-type" air pressure difference is established by means of a middle partition wall to drive the air flow to move along the tunnel. The air flow resistance and frictional loss are greatly reduced, and it has a strong anti-interference ability against the alternating pressure of the ambient atmosphere that may exist outside the tunnel openings. The air flow in the intake tunnel is under the combined action of the atmospheric pressure at both ends of the tunnel openings and the negative pressure at the suction openings of multiple parallel transverse fan modules, and implements a full-section expansion push from both ends of the tunnel openings to the middle of the intake tunnel in a flat-pushing manner at the interface. The air flow in the exhaust tunnel is under the action of the positive pressure at the outlet of multiple parallel transverse fan modules and the atmospheric pressure at both ends of the tunnel openings, and implements a full-section expansion push from the middle of the tunnel to both ends of the tunnel openings in a flat-pushing manner at the interface. It also greatly reduces the deafening noise of the jet fans in the longitudinal ventilation tunnel and fundamentally improves the acoustic environment in the tunnel.

[0034] The present invention relates to a transverse-driving-longitudinal ultra-long double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module. Since multiple transverse fan modules are adopted between the negative-pressure intake tunnel and the positive-pressure exhaust tunnel in the independent ventilation section, the large is divided into small, which is beneficial to arranging the fan modules and the air inlets and outlets of the fans in the narrow tunnel space, and realizes the decentralized layout of the ventilation power.

[0035] ④ The length of the tunnel fire section is shortened by half.

[0036] The present invention relates to a transverse-driving-longitudinal ultra-long double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module. Multiple transverse fan modules are arranged on the "independent ventilation section" between the two tunnel openings (including the vertical shaft and inclined shaft openings). The intake tunnel with air intake at both ends is divided into two sections with the air flows moving relatively to form a parallel relationship of the intake air paths. The exhaust tunnel with air exhaust at both ends is divided into two sections with the air flows moving in opposite directions to form a parallel relationship of the exhaust air paths. If a fire occurs at any position in the exhaust tunnel, the smoke can be discharged through a path less than half of the "independent ventilation section" between the two tunnel openings. If a fire occurs at any position in the intake tunnel, the fire control system immediately reverses the operation of all fan modules (including the vertical shaft and inclined shaft fan modules) to swap the functions of the intake tunnel and the exhaust tunnel, and still the smoke can be discharged through a path less than half of the "independent ventilation section", so that the length of the tunnel "fire section" is shortened by half, and the diffusion length of the smoke during a fire is reduced by half, which is very beneficial to disaster control and rescue.

[0037] The present invention relates to a transverse-driving-longitudinal ultra-long double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module, which is compatible with the existing tunnel ventilation design specifications, construction specifications, and detection specifications.

[0038] Of course, it is not necessary for any product implementing the present invention to achieve all the above-mentioned advantages simultaneously. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings. In the drawings:

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a one-way tunnel with longitudinal ventilation using jet fans in the prior art;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the tunnel air flow driven by a jet fan group;

[0042] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a high-speed jet of about 35 m / s accounting for about 1 / 10 ejected by a jet fan in the tunnel driving a main low-speed air flow of about 6 m / s accounting for 9 / 10 through friction and diffusion;

[0043] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a longitudinal ventilation system for an extra-long tunnel with traditional shaft openings segmented;

[0044] Figure 5 It is a pressure distribution diagram of a longitudinal ventilation system for an extra-long tunnel with traditional shaft openings segmented;

[0045] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of a transverse-driving longitudinal extra-long double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module with the fan module arranged on the middle partition wall provided by the preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 It is an operating pressure distribution diagram of a transverse-driving longitudinal extra-long double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module with the fan module arranged on the middle partition wall provided by the preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure and operating pressure of a transverse-driving longitudinal extra-long double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module with the fan arranged in the exhaust tunnel provided by the preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of a transverse-driving longitudinal extra-long double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module provided by the preferred embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 10 It is a schematic structural diagram of a transverse-driving longitudinal extra-long double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module provided by the preferred embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 11Schematic diagram showing that when a fire breaks out in the exhaust tunnel provided in the preferred embodiment 4 of the present invention, the smoke is discharged from the tunnel opening through a path less than half of the "independent ventilation section between the two ends of the tunnel opening".

[0051] Figure 12 Schematic diagram showing that when a fire breaks out in the intake tunnel provided in the preferred embodiment 4 of the present invention, the smoke can still be discharged from the tunnel opening through a path less than half of the "independent ventilation section between the two ends of the tunnel opening" when the fan runs in reverse. Detailed implementation manners

[0052] The technical premise of a horizontally-driven longitudinal extra-long double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module provided by the present invention is that the existing jet fan groups in highway tunnels cannot establish a "dam-type" air pressure difference between their own outlets and inlets, and between the inlets, outlets and tunnel openings to drive the air flow forward. Instead, they can only drive the main low-speed air flow to accelerate forward by the mutual friction, diffusion and penetration of the high-speed gas jet accounting for about 1 / 10 produced by the fan and the main low-speed air flow accounting for about 9 / 10 in the tunnel, which greatly reduces the energy efficiency of the air flow relay transportation inside the tunnel.

[0053] The jet fans in the tunnel are mostly spaced more than 150 m apart, and the impeller diameter of the jet fans is mostly about 1000 mm. The cross-sectional area of the fan itself is only 1 / 80 of the cross-sectional area of the tunnel (the cross-sectional area of a two-lane single-tunnel is about 65 ㎡). Even if two jet fans are set in a group, it is only 1 / 40. In actual operation, about 1 / 10 of the low-speed air flow in the cross-section of the tunnel with an area of about 65 ㎡ is sucked in and pressurized by the jet fan group to become a high-speed jet of about 35 m / s. After the high-speed jet is ejected, it mutually frictions, diffuses and penetrates with the main low-speed air flow accounting for 9 / 10 in the tunnel to exchange energy, driving the main low-speed air flow to accelerate forward until the speed of the high-speed jet decreases to be close to the speed of the main low-speed air flow and the driving force fails. Then, about 1 / 10 of the low-speed air flow is sucked in, boosted and accelerated by the next jet fan group, starting the driving and accelerating cycle of the main low-speed air flow in the next tunnel.

[0054] Since it is necessary to ensure that the tunnel main body space under the jet fan unit is completely unobstructed and no cross-section for realizing tunnel closure can be set, the jet fan unit cannot establish a "dam-type" air pressure difference between its own inlet and outlet or between the outlet and the tunnel portal to drive the air flow forward. Instead, it can only drive the main body low-speed air flow to accelerate forward by the mutual friction, diffusion and energy exchange between the high-speed gas jet produced by the jet fan 20 and the main body low-speed air flow of the tunnel 10, resulting in local resistance to the contraction of the suction port and the expansion of the outlet of the jet fan 20 in the tunnel air flow, generating a periodic longitudinal and transverse alternating velocity gradient field in the tunnel, generating deafening noise above 80 dB, and causing friction, vortices and mutual diffusion between air flow layers with different speeds; these effects are exactly what should be avoided in the fluid transportation process; when these effects are superimposed, the jet fan 20 increases the pressure of the tunnel 10 operating air flow little but consumes a large amount of mechanical energy of the high-speed gas jet, greatly reducing the energy efficiency of the air flow relay transportation inside the tunnel. Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 。

[0055] The main model of the jet fan for highway tunnels is SDS-№10, usually in a group of 2; its main parameters are diameter φ1000mm, outlet air speed 33.8m / s, air volume 26.5m 3 / s, axial thrust 924N, power 30kw, shaft power 18.19kw.

[0056] If the total length of a single-tunnel is 4000m, the cross-sectional area is 66㎡, the required fresh air volume is 400m / s, the tunnel air speed is 6.1m / s, and the total resistance ⊿P r =(1+ξ+λL / D)·1 / 2·ρ·ν 2 =312.6pa; Using a jet fan unit composed of 2 jet fans of the above model SDS-№10 to longitudinally push, the pushing wind pressure generated by the jet fan unit is calculated by the following formula:

[0057] ΔP j =ρ·V j 2 ·A j / A r ·(1-V r / V j )·η,

[0058] In the formula: ρ—the air flow density, 1.2kg / m 3 ;

[0059] V j —the outlet air speed of the jet fan, 33.8m / s;

[0060] Vr—the designed tunnel air speed 6.1m / s;

[0061] Aj—the outlet area of the jet fan, which is 0.78 m 2 , two in a group, with a total of 1.56 ㎡;

[0062] Ar—the cross-sectional area of the tunnel, 66.0 ㎡;

[0063] η—the reduction coefficient of frictional resistance loss at the position of the jet fan, 0.9;

[0064] Substitute the above data related to the tunnel and air flow to calculate ΔP j = 24 pa.

[0065] It can be concluded from this that for a 4000m-long tunnel using longitudinal ventilation, the fresh air volume is 400m 3 / s, the wind speed is 6.1m / s, and the number of jet fan groups required for the whole journey n = ⊿P r / ΔP j = 312.6 / 24 = 13 groups, and the total power of all fan groups in the tunnel is as high as 13×2×30 = 780 kw.

[0066] If the power module of the tunnel ventilation is reformed, instead of relying on the friction and diffusion of the high-speed jet of about 35m / s accounting for 1 / 10 to drive the low-speed main air flow of 6m / s accounting for 9 / 10, but setting up a transverse fan module on the partition wall in the double-hole tunnel, using the partition wall to establish a "dam-type" air pressure difference between the double-hole tunnels to drive the longitudinal movement of the air in the tunnel, then using a transverse fan module with the same power as the above SDS-№10 jet fan group to provide the static pressure head and dynamic pressure head of all fresh air volume of 400m 3 / s, the air outlet is 6.1m / s, and the static pressure generated to push the air flow is calculated by the following formula:

[0067] ⊿P = static pressure energy N / total air volume Q

[0068] = (shaft power equivalent to the jet fan group - kinetic energy of air flow) / total air volume

[0069] = (2×18.19×1000 - 1 / 2×1.2×400×6.1 2 ) w / 400m 3 / s

[0070] = 68.6 pa

[0071] The two ventilation methods are compared, that is, the tunnel longitudinal ventilation system adopts a ventilation mode in which the friction and diffusion between the 35m / s high-speed jet accounting for about 1 / 10 and the main low-speed airflow accounting for about 6m / s accounting for about 9 / 10 is used to drive the low-speed airflow, and the mode in which a transverse fan module is set on the middle partition wall of the double-hole tunnel and a "dam-like" air pressure difference is established between the double-hole tunnels by using the middle partition wall to drive the longitudinal movement of the air in the tunnel. For the fan unit with the same shaft power, the latter establishes a "dam-like" air pressure difference between its own outlet and inlet, and between the inlet and the tunnel entrance to drive the tunnel airflow forward. The driving force ⊿P (68.6pa) is higher than the jet fan unit ΔP in the former longitudinal ventilation system. j (24pa) is 2.86 times; and the latter provides a dynamic pressure head of 6.1m / s to the entire fresh air flow in addition to the driving force ⊿P, while the high-speed jet dynamic pressure head of the former is converted into a low-speed airflow driving force ΔP j Then return to zero.

[0072] Based on the above technical analysis, that is, the analysis of the low-efficiency ventilation mode of the current tunnel longitudinal ventilation system which can only drive the main body low-speed airflow to accelerate forward by the mutual friction and penetration of a small part of the high-speed jet and the low-speed airflow of the tunnel body, the technical core of the present invention is a horizontally driven longitudinal ultra-long double-hole tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module, which is to divide the ultra-long double-hole tunnel into a number of independent ventilation sections by setting a ventilation shaft module, and both ends of the independent ventilation section have openings connected to the external environment (including ventilation shaft openings); the independent ventilation section includes two tunnel sections separated by a middle partition wall section, and at least one fan module for connecting the air paths of the two tunnel sections is arranged on the independent ventilation section, the tunnel section facing the air intake port of the fan module is the air inlet tunnel section, and the tunnel section facing the air outlet of the fan module is the exhaust tunnel section. Section; each independent ventilation section drives the airflow in the inlet and outlet tunnel sections to move along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel through the set transverse fan module; in engineering, the longer direction is generally the longitudinal direction and the shorter direction is the transverse direction. Therefore, in the present invention, the length direction of the double-hole tunnel is longer, which is the longitudinal direction, and the width direction is shorter, which is the transverse direction. Therefore, the setting direction of the fan module is transverse, that is, the fan module is transversely arranged on the partition wall of the double-hole tunnel, and the "dam" effect of the partition wall and the exhaust effect of the fan module are utilized to draw the tunnel facing the fan suction port into a negative pressure, establish a pressure difference between the tunnel openings at both ends of the tunnel and the fan suction port, and drive the fresh air at the tunnel openings at both ends of the negative pressure tunnel to be continuously replenished along the longitudinal tunnel; the tunnel facing the fan exhaust port is pressurized into a positive pressure tunnel, establish a pressure difference between the fan exhaust port and the tunnel opening, and drive the dirty air to be discharged from the two ends of the tunnel along the longitudinal tunnel.

[0073] The invention discloses a transversely driven longitudinal ultra-long double-hole tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module, which is particularly suitable for ultra-long and deeply buried highway tunnels.

[0074] Since the tunnel wind speed generally does not exceed 10 m / s, and in special cases it shall not exceed 12 m / s. For a tunnel with a determined cross-sectional area of the entrance, the upper limit of the fresh air volume injected from one entrance of the tunnel and the polluted air volume discharged from the other entrance is the product of the cross-sectional area of the entrance and the maximum wind speed. Based on the traffic flow and exhaust gas emissions, the fresh air demand per unit length of the tunnel can be calculated, and then the length of the "independent ventilation section" (tunnel section) with two ends connected to the external environment can be deduced. For example, if the cross-sectional area of the tunnel entrance is 60 ㎡ and the fresh air demand per kilometer is 100 m 3 / s, the length of the independent ventilation section of the tunnel is calculated to be 4200 m according to the designed wind speed of 7 m / s in the tunnel entrance and inside the tunnel. If the tunnel length exceeds 4200 m, vertical shafts or / and inclined shafts need to be set in the middle of the tunnel as new entrances in the middle of the tunnel, and the extra-long tunnel is divided into several independent ventilation sections with two ends connected to the external environment (vertical shafts and inclined shafts are also entrances) along the length direction. Since the double-hole tunnel includes two tunnels separated by a middle partition wall, the middle partition wall is divided into at least two middle partition wall sections along the length direction, and the two tunnels are respectively divided into at least two tunnel sections along the length direction, that is, the independent ventilation section includes two tunnel sections separated by the middle partition wall section. At least one fan module for conducting the air paths of the two tunnel sections is provided on the independent ventilation section. The tunnel section facing the suction port of the fan module is the air inlet tunnel section, and the tunnel section facing the exhaust port of the fan module is the exhaust tunnel section. In the present invention, the air inlet tunnel sections of all independent ventilation sections are on one tunnel, and the exhaust tunnel sections of all independent ventilation sections are on the other tunnel.

[0075] A transverse-driving longitudinal extra-long double-hole tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module according to the present invention combines technologies such as transverse-driving longitudinal and ultra-short circuit of some air flow entrances with vertical shaft or / and inclined shaft technologies. By using the transverse-driving longitudinal technology to establish a tunnel ventilation pressure difference and the ultra-short circuit technology of some air flow entrances to reduce the overall resistance of the tunnel air flow, the length of the independent ventilation section is expanded to reduce the number of vertical shafts or / and inclined shafts. And the layout structure of the connecting air ducts between the vertical shaft or / and inclined shaft and the tunnel in the present invention is greatly simplified, from 4 connecting air ducts for one shaft in the traditional longitudinal ventilation mode (please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 ) reduced to 2.

[0076] The following will describe in detail a transverse-driving longitudinal extra-long double-hole tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module provided by the present invention. The following embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and the detailed implementation manners and specific operation processes are given. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and those skilled in the art can modify and polish it without changing the spirit and content of the present invention.

[0077] Example 1

[0078] Please refer to Figure 6 Figure 6 In this embodiment, a horizontal-driving and vertical-elongated double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module is provided. The ultra-long double tunnels are divided into at least two independent ventilation sections 1 with openings connecting to the external environment at both ends along the length direction by at least one ventilation shaft module.

[0079]

[0079] In this embodiment, the ventilation shaft module includes a ventilation shaft and two connecting air ducts. The ventilation shaft is a double-duct ventilation shaft composed of two reverse air ducts (air duct one 51 and air duct two 52). One ends of these two reverse air ducts communicate with the external environment. The other end of air duct one 51 communicates with one of the tunnels of the ultra-long double tunnels through connecting air duct one 3, and the other end of air duct two 52 communicates with the other tunnel of the ultra-long double tunnels through connecting air duct two 4. The cross-sectional shapes of air duct one 51 and air duct two 52 are not limited in this embodiment. Figure 6 Figure 6 It is shown that the cross-sections of air duct one 51 and air duct two 52 are semi-circular, and the cross-sectional shape of the ventilation shaft is circular. Ventilation shaft fan modules are provided in both connecting air duct one 3 and connecting air duct two 4.

[0080]

[0080] Since the double tunnels include two tunnels separated by a middle partition wall, the middle partition wall is divided into at least two middle partition wall sections 12 along the length direction. Taking the example that the ultra-long double tunnels are divided into two independent ventilation sections 1 with openings connecting to the external environment at both ends along the length direction by one ventilation shaft module, one tunnel is divided into two tunnel sections 11 (both ends of the tunnel section 11 have openings connecting to the external environment) along the length direction through air duct one 51 and connecting air duct one 3, and the other tunnel is divided into two tunnel sections 13 (both ends of the tunnel section 13 have openings connecting to the external environment) along the length direction through air duct two 52 and connecting air duct two 4. At least one fan module for conducting the air paths of these two tunnel sections (tunnel section 11 and tunnel section 13) is provided on the independent ventilation section 1. The tunnel section facing the suction port of the fan module is the intake tunnel section, and the tunnel section facing the exhaust port of the fan module is the exhaust tunnel section. In this embodiment, the intake tunnel sections of all the independent ventilation sections 1 are on one tunnel; the exhaust tunnel sections of all the independent ventilation sections 1 are on the other tunnel.

[0081] As an embodiment, please refer to Figure 6, the fan module 2 is arranged on the middle partition wall section 12. In this embodiment, the number of the fan modules 2 is not limited. It can be one fan module 2, and this fan module 2 is arranged in the middle of the middle partition wall section 12. It can also be multiple fan modules 2, and the multiple fan modules 2 are distributed at intervals in the length direction of the middle partition wall section 12. Specifically, at least one ventilation duct for connecting the air paths of the two tunnel sections (tunnel section 11 and tunnel section 13) is arranged on the middle partition wall section 12. The fan module 2 includes at least one fan, and the fan is arranged in the ventilation duct. The following will take multiple fan modules 2 for detailed description.

[0082] A plurality of the ventilation ducts are arranged at intervals on the middle partition wall section 12, and the plurality of ventilation ducts are distributed in the length direction of the middle partition wall. Each fan module 2 includes at least one fan, the fan is arranged in the ventilation duct, the air suction port of the fan faces the incoming air tunnel section, and the air discharge port of the fan faces the exhaust air tunnel section.

[0083] When the ventilation system of each independent ventilation section 1 is operating, the middle partition wall section 12 is used as a "dam" to block the reflux of the ventilation air flow. Driven by multiple juxtaposed transverse fan modules 2, a stepped air pressure difference distribution is established in the two tunnel sections, with a large pressure difference in the middle and small pressure differences at both ends. A negative pressure tunnel section for introducing fresh air and a positive pressure tunnel section for discharging dirty air are constructed relative to the ambient atmospheric pressure; fresh air is inhaled from the two ends of the negative pressure tunnel section and flows towards the middle of this tunnel section. This negative pressure tunnel section serves as the incoming air tunnel section of the ventilation system of the independent ventilation section 1; under the action of the pressure difference between the two ends of the negative pressure tunnel section and the air suction port of the fan module 2 in the middle of the negative pressure tunnel section, during the process of the fresh air flow flowing from the two ends of the negative pressure incoming air tunnel section to the middle, it sequentially passes through the air suction ports of multiple juxtaposed transverse fan modules 2 in the incoming air tunnel section, is inhaled and boosted, and then sent to the positive pressure tunnel section on the other side of the middle partition wall section 12. This positive pressure tunnel section is the exhaust air tunnel section of the independent ventilation section 1; in the exhaust air tunnel section, under the action of the pressure difference between the middle of the exhaust air tunnel section and the two ends of the exhaust air tunnel section, the ventilation air flow starts to move from the middle section of the exhaust air tunnel section towards the two ends of the exhaust air tunnel section, collecting the air flows sent by each fan module 2 from the negative pressure incoming air tunnel section along the way to reduce the pollutant concentration of the front-end air flow, and finally discharging the dirty air from the two ends of the exhaust air tunnel section.

[0084] In the ventilation system of each independent ventilation section 1, a part of the fresh air flow near the two openings of the intake tunnel section is boosted by the transverse fan module 2 near the openings of the intake tunnel section and is input into the exhaust tunnel section nearby, diluting the concentration of harmful components in the air at the end of the exhaust tunnel section, improving the air quality at the end of the exhaust tunnel section, and the discharge position of this part of the fresh air flow in the exhaust tunnel section is also close to the two openings of this exhaust tunnel section, greatly reducing the path length of this part of the ventilation air flow, thereby reducing the air velocity, air flow rate and operating resistance in the middle and the middle and outer tunnel sections of the intake tunnel section and the exhaust tunnel section.

[0085] Please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 which shows Figure 6 the pressure distribution of the two independent ventilation sections divided by the ventilation shaft; Figure 7 The middle part is a schematic layout structure of 5 transverse fan modules 2 on the tunnel middle partition wall section 12. In this embodiment, two groups of 5 fan modules 2 each divide the intake tunnel section and the exhaust tunnel section of the two independent ventilation sections divided by the ventilation shaft module into 6 ventilation sub-sections, and these 6 ventilation sub-sections are symmetrically distributed on both sides with the fan module 2 as the midpoint.

[0086] Figure 7 The lower part is Figure 6 the air pressure distribution of the intake tunnel section of the two independent ventilation sections divided by the ventilation shaft module. The 2 low-slope lines composed of square dots are the situation where all the transverse fan modules 2 are concentrated at the midpoint of the tunnel section. The left and right sections of the intake tunnel section intake air symmetrically, and the air velocity and air volume of each section are equal. The air pressure drops on the 6 ventilation sub-sections are also the same. The air pressure lines of the 6 ventilation sub-sections are connected into two straight line segments. Taking the atmospheric pressure outside the opening as zero, each point in the intake tunnel section is under negative pressure, and the pressure at the position of the midpoint fan module is the lowest; the broken line symmetrically distributed about the midpoint of the tunnel section composed of round dots is the situation where 5 transverse fan modules 2 are evenly distributed on the tunnel middle partition wall section 12 to divide the tunnel section into 6 ventilation sub-sections. The left and right openings of the intake tunnel section intake air symmetrically, and the intake air is partially inhaled by the 5 transverse fan modules during its travel in the tunnel section, implementing "partial air flow short-circuiting near the opening". The air velocity and air volume of the 3 symmetric ventilation sub-sections on both sides decrease gradually section by section. Because the tunnel ventilation resistance is proportional to the square of the air velocity, the air pressure drops of the 3 ventilation sub-sections symmetrically distributed on both sides about the midpoint of the tunnel section also decrease correspondingly and accelerate. From the two openings to the midpoint, they are ΔP, 4 / 9ΔP, and 1 / 9ΔP respectively. The air pressure lines of the 6 ventilation sub-sections in the intake tunnel section are connected into a symmetric and gentle broken line segment.

[0087] Figure 7 The upper part is Figure 6Air pressure distribution in the exhaust tunnel section of the two independent ventilation sections divided by the ventilation shaft module. The two high-slope lines composed of square dots represent the situation where all transverse fan modules are concentrated at the midpoint of the tunnel section. The exhaust tunnel section exhausts symmetrically from the left and right sections, with equal air velocity and air volume at each cross-section, and the air pressure drops on the 6 ventilation sub-sections are also the same. The air pressure lines of the 6 ventilation sub-sections are connected into two straight line segments. Taking the atmospheric pressure outside the tunnel entrance as zero, the pressure at each point in the exhaust tunnel section is positive, and the pressure at the position of the midpoint fan module is the highest. The broken line symmetrically distributed about the midpoint of the tunnel section and composed of round dots represents the situation where 5 transverse fan modules are evenly distributed in the middle partition wall section 12 of the tunnel section, dividing the tunnel section into 6 ventilation sub-sections. The exhaust tunnel section exhausts symmetrically from the two entrances on the left and right. The exhaust air converges into the air flow discharged by 5 transverse fan modules during its travel in the tunnel section. The air velocity and air volume of the cross-sections of the 3 symmetric ventilation sub-sections on both sides increase gradually from the inside to the outside, implementing "partial air flow short-circuit near the entrance". Since the tunnel ventilation resistance is proportional to the square of the air velocity, the air pressure drops of the 3 ventilation sub-sections symmetric about the midpoint of the tunnel section also increase correspondingly and accelerate. From the midpoint to the two tunnel entrances, they are 1 / 9⊿P, 4 / 9⊿P, and ⊿P respectively. The air pressure lines of the 6 ventilation sub-sections in the exhaust tunnel section are connected into a symmetric and gentle broken line segment.

[0088] For the ventilation system of each independent ventilation section in this embodiment, a part of the fresh air flow near the two ends of the intake tunnel section is boosted by the transverse fan modules near the entrances of the intake tunnel section and is input into the exhaust tunnel section nearby to dilute the concentration of harmful components in the air at the end of the exhaust tunnel section, improving the air quality at the end of the exhaust tunnel section. Moreover, the injection position of this part of the fresh air flow in the exhaust tunnel section is also close to the two ends of this exhaust tunnel section, greatly reducing the path length of this part of the ventilation air flow, thereby reducing the air velocity, air volume, and operating resistance in the middle and the middle and outer parts of the intake tunnel section and the exhaust tunnel section.

[0089] As another embodiment, please refer to Figure 8 , the ultra-long double-tunnel is divided into two independent ventilation sections by setting a ventilation shaft module. Both ends of the independent ventilation section are provided with openings (including ventilation shaft openings) communicating with the external environment; the independent ventilation section includes two tunnel sections separated by a middle partition wall section. A number of fan modules for conducting the air paths of the two tunnel sections are arranged on the independent ventilation section. The tunnel section facing the suction port of the fan module is the intake tunnel section, and the tunnel section facing the exhaust port of the fan module is the exhaust tunnel section.

[0090] The fan module includes at least one fan one 5 and at least one fan two 6. The fan one 5 and the fan two 6 are arranged back to back in the exhaust tunnel section, and the exhaust ports are respectively facing the two ends of the exhaust tunnel section; the suction ports of the fan one 5 and the fan two 6 are both communicated with the intake tunnel section through air ducts passing through the middle partition wall section 12.

[0091] Specifically, at least one ventilation duct for communicating the air inlet tunnel section and the exhaust air tunnel section is provided on the middle partition wall section 12, and the air guide pipe is arranged in the ventilation duct; both the first fan 5 and the second fan 6 are suspended on the dome of the exhaust air tunnel section.

[0092] In this embodiment, the number of the first fan 5 and the second fan 6 is not limited. It can be one, that is, both the first fan 5 and the second fan 6 are arranged in the middle of the exhaust air tunnel section; it can also be multiple, that is, the fan module includes several first fans 5 and several second fans 6 arranged at intervals along the length direction of the exhaust air tunnel section. Several first fans 5 are sequentially and spacedly distributed from the middle of the exhaust air tunnel section to one end opening, and several second fans 6 are sequentially and spacedly distributed from the middle of the exhaust air tunnel section to the other end opening. The number of the first fan 5 and the second fan 6 in this embodiment is not limited and can be set according to the actual length of the tunnel. Several first fans 5 and second fans 6 on both sides of the exhaust air tunnel section can be symmetrically or asymmetrically distributed, and can be specifically set according to the fresh air volume requirements of specific sections in the exhaust air tunnel.

[0093] In each independent ventilation section 1, the middle partition wall section 12 of the double-hole tunnel is used as a "dam" to block the reflux of ventilation airflows. Driven by the transverse fan module, a stepped air pressure difference distribution is established in the two tunnel sections, with a large pressure difference in the middle and a small pressure difference at both ends. Relative to the ambient atmospheric pressure, a negative pressure tunnel section for introducing fresh air and a positive pressure tunnel section for discharging dirty air are constructed; fresh air is inhaled from the two end openings of the negative pressure tunnel section and flows towards the middle of this tunnel section. This negative pressure tunnel section serves as the air inlet tunnel section of the independent ventilation section 1; under the action of the pressure difference between the two end openings of the negative pressure tunnel section and the suction inlet of the middle fan in the negative pressure tunnel section, the fresh air flow flows from the two end openings of the negative pressure air inlet tunnel section towards the middle, and after being inhaled and pressurized through the suction inlet of the transverse fan in the air inlet tunnel section, it is then sent to the positive pressure tunnel section on the other side of the middle partition wall section 12. This positive pressure tunnel section is the exhaust air tunnel section of the independent ventilation section 1; in the exhaust air tunnel section, under the action of the pressure difference between the middle of the positive pressure tunnel section and the two end openings of the tunnel section, the ventilation air flow moves from the middle of the tunnel section towards the two end openings of this tunnel section, and finally is discharged as dirty air from the two end openings of the exhaust air tunnel section, as Figure 8 shown.

[0094] As Figure 8 shown, the middle part of the figure is a schematic layout structure of the double-hole tunnel of each independent ventilation section 1 and the transverse fan module on the middle partition wall section 12. This fan module includes 6 fans (3 first fans 5 and 3 second fans 6), and the air volume of each fan is the same; in this embodiment, the air inlet tunnel section and the exhaust air tunnel section of the independent ventilation section 1 are equally divided into 6 ventilation sub-sections by the fan module.

[0095] Figure 8The lower part shows the air pressure distribution in the intake tunnel section. With the atmospheric pressure outside the tunnel entrance taken as zero, each point in the intake tunnel section is at negative pressure, and the pressure is the lowest at the midpoint position. The broken line composed of dots and symmetrically distributed about the midpoint of the tunnel section reflects the air pressure distribution in the intake tunnel section. The left and right openings of the intake tunnel section intake air symmetrically. During the flow of fresh air in the tunnel section, it is partially inhaled by 6 transverse fans, implementing "partial air flow short-circuiting near the openings". The air velocity and air volume of the 3 symmetrically arranged ventilation sub-sections on both sides decrease gradually section by section. Since the tunnel ventilation resistance is proportional to the square of the air velocity, the air pressure drops of the 3 ventilation sub-sections symmetrically arranged on both sides of the midpoint of the tunnel section also increase rapidly. From the two ends of the tunnel towards the midpoint, they are ΔP, 4 / 9ΔP, and 1 / 9ΔP respectively. The air pressure lines of the 1036 ventilation sub-sections in the intake tunnel form a symmetric and gentle broken line segment.

[0096] Figure 8 The upper part shows the air pressure distribution in the exhaust tunnel section. With the atmospheric pressure outside the tunnel entrance taken as zero, each point in the exhaust tunnel section is at positive pressure, and the pressure is the highest at the midpoint position. The broken line composed of dots and symmetrically distributed about the midpoint of the tunnel section reflects the air pressure distribution in the exhaust tunnel section. The left and right openings of the exhaust tunnel section exhaust air symmetrically. During the flow of air in the tunnel, it is sequentially incorporated into the air discharged by each transverse fan. The air velocity and air volume of the 3 symmetrically arranged ventilation sub-sections on both sides increase gradually from the inside out, implementing "partial air flow short-circuiting near the openings". Since the tunnel ventilation resistance is proportional to the square of the air velocity, the air pressure drops of the 3 ventilation sub-sections symmetrically arranged on both sides of the midpoint of the tunnel also increase rapidly. From the midpoint towards the two ends of the tunnel, they are 1 / 9ΔP, 4 / 9ΔP, and ΔP respectively. The air pressure lines of the 6 ventilation sub-sections in the 101 exhaust tunnel form a symmetric and gentle broken line segment.

[0097] In this embodiment, some of the fresh air flows near the two ends of the intake tunnel section are boosted by the transverse fans near the intake tunnel section openings and are input into the exhaust tunnel section nearby to dilute the concentration of harmful components in the air at the end of the exhaust tunnel section, improving the air quality at the end of the exhaust tunnel section. Moreover, the injection positions of this part of the fresh air flow in the exhaust tunnel section are also near the two ends of the exhaust tunnel section, greatly reducing the path length of this part of the ventilation air flow, thereby reducing the air velocity, air volume, and operating resistance in the middle and middle-outer tunnel sections of the intake tunnel section and the exhaust tunnel section.

[0098] This embodiment is a horizontal-driving longitudinal extra-long double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module, which is particularly suitable for extra-long buried-depth highway tunnels.

[0099] Since the tunnel wind speed generally does not exceed 10 m / s and shall not exceed 12 m / s under special circumstances, for a tunnel with a determined cross-sectional area of the portal, the upper limit of the fresh air volume injected from one portal of the tunnel and the polluted air volume discharged from the other portal is the product of the cross-sectional area of the portal and the maximum wind speed. Based on the traffic flow and exhaust gas emissions, the fresh air demand per unit length of the tunnel can be measured, and then the length of the "independent ventilation section 1" with two portals connected to the external environment at both ends can be calculated. For example, if the cross-sectional area of the tunnel portal is 60 ㎡ and the fresh air demand per kilometer is 120 m 3 / s, the length of the independent ventilation section 1 of the tunnel is calculated to be 4000 m according to the designed wind speed of 8 m / s inside the tunnel at the portal. If the tunnel length exceeds 4000 m, vertical shafts or / and inclined shafts need to be set in the middle of the tunnel as new portals in the middle of the tunnel, and the super-long tunnel is divided into several independent ventilation sections 1 with two portals connected to the external environment at both ends (the vertical shafts and inclined shafts provide the portal function).

[0100] In this embodiment, a transverse-to-longitudinal super-long double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module combines technologies such as transverse-to-longitudinal and ultra-short near-path for some air flow portals with vertical shaft or / and inclined shaft technologies. By using the transverse-to-longitudinal technology to establish the tunnel ventilation pressure difference and the ultra-short near-path technology for some air flow portals to reduce the overall resistance of the tunnel air flow, the length of the independent ventilation section is expanded to reduce the number of vertical shafts or / and inclined shafts. And in this embodiment, the layout structure of the connection air ducts between the vertical shaft or / and inclined shaft and the tunnel is greatly simplified, reducing from 4 connection air ducts for one supply and exhaust vertical shaft in the longitudinal ventilation mode to 2.

[0101] Embodiment 2

[0102] This embodiment has the same basic principle as Embodiment 1, which is to combine technologies such as transverse-to-longitudinal and ultra-short near-path for some air flow portals with vertical shaft or / and inclined shaft technologies. By using the transverse-to-longitudinal technology to establish the tunnel ventilation pressure difference and the ultra-short near-path technology for some air flow portals to reduce the overall resistance of the tunnel air flow, the length of the independent ventilation section 1 is expanded to reduce the number of vertical shafts or / and inclined shafts. And in this embodiment, the layout structure of the connection air ducts between the vertical shaft or / and inclined shaft and the tunnel is greatly simplified, reducing from 4 connection air ducts for one shaft in the longitudinal ventilation mode to 2.

[0103] The difference in this embodiment is that, as Figure 9 shown, in this embodiment, the ventilation shaft module includes two ventilation shafts (Ventilation Shaft 6 and Ventilation Shaft 7, and both of these two ventilation shafts are single air ducts) and two connection air ducts (Connection Air Duct 3 and Connection Air Duct 4). One end of Ventilation Shaft 6 and Ventilation Shaft 7 is connected to the external environment. The other end of Ventilation Shaft 6 is connected to one tunnel of the super-long double-tunnel through Connection Air Duct 3, and the other end of Ventilation Shaft 7 is connected to the other tunnel of the super-long double-tunnel through Connection Air Duct 4.

[0104] In this embodiment, both the ventilation shaft 1 and the ventilation shaft 2 adopt vertical shafts. The ventilation shaft 1 is used for exhausting polluted air, and the ventilation shaft 2 is used for sending in fresh air. In addition to all the advantages of Embodiment 1, this embodiment also has the advantages of small wind resistance in the shaft, no short-circuit of polluted air, and no mixing of fresh air.

[0105] Embodiment 3

[0106] The basic principles of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiments 1 and 2. That is, technologies such as driving longitudinally with transverse forces and ultra-short circuit at some air flow openings are combined with vertical shaft or / and inclined shaft technologies. The tunnel ventilation pressure difference is established through the technology of driving longitudinally with transverse forces, and the overall resistance of the tunnel air flow is reduced through the technology of ultra-short circuit at some air flow openings, so as to expand the length of the independent ventilation section 1 to reduce the number of vertical shafts or / and inclined shafts. Moreover, the layout structure of the connecting air ducts between the vertical shaft or / and inclined shaft and the tunnel in this embodiment is greatly simplified, from 4 connecting air ducts for one shaft in the longitudinal ventilation mode to 2.

[0107] The difference in this embodiment is that, as Figure 10 shown, in this embodiment, the ventilation shaft module includes two ventilation shafts (ventilation shaft 1 and ventilation shaft 2, both of which are single air ducts) and two connecting air ducts (connecting air duct 1 and connecting air duct 2). One end of the ventilation shaft 1 and the ventilation shaft 2 is communicated with the external environment. The other end of the ventilation shaft 1 is communicated with one tunnel of the extra-long double-tunnel through the connecting air duct 1, and the other end of the ventilation shaft 2 is communicated with the other tunnel of the extra-long double-tunnel through the connecting air duct 2.

[0108] In this embodiment, the ventilation shaft 1 adopts a vertical shaft and is used for exhausting polluted air; the ventilation shaft 2 adopts an inclined shaft and is used for sending in fresh air. In addition to all the advantages of Embodiments 1 and 2, this embodiment also has the advantages of simple construction technology for the inclined shaft and relatively small engineering quantity.

[0109] Embodiment 4

[0110] The basic principles of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiments 1, 2, and 3. That is, technologies such as driving longitudinally with transverse forces and ultra-short circuit at some air flow openings are combined with vertical shaft or / and inclined shaft technologies. The tunnel ventilation pressure difference is established through the technology of driving longitudinally with transverse forces, and the overall resistance of the tunnel air flow is reduced through the technology of ultra-short circuit at some air flow openings, so as to expand the length of the independent ventilation section 1 to reduce the number of vertical shafts or / and inclined shafts. Moreover, the layout structure of the connecting air ducts between the vertical shaft or / and inclined shaft and the tunnel in this embodiment is greatly simplified, from 4 connecting air ducts for one shaft in the longitudinal ventilation mode to 2.

[0111] The difference in this embodiment is that the fan module has a reverse operation function to adapt to fire fighting and rescue in the tunnel. In this embodiment, fans with forward and reverse functions are provided at the top openings of the two ventilation shafts of the ventilation shaft module. As Figure 11 shown, if a fire occurs at any position in the exhaust tunnel, the smoke can be discharged through a path less than half of the "independent ventilation section between the two openings".

[0112] If a fire occurs at any position in the intake tunnel, the fire control system immediately implements the reverse operation of all fan modules (including the vertical and inclined shaft fan modules). As Figure 12 shown, by swapping the functions of the intake tunnel section and the exhaust tunnel section, the smoke can still be discharged through a path less than half of the "independent ventilation section", thereby shortening the length of the "fire section" of the tunnel by half and reducing the smoke diffusion length by half during a fire, which is very beneficial for disaster control and rescue.

Claims

1. A horizontal-driving and longitudinal-elongated double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module, the elongated double-tunnel comprising two tunnels separated by a middle partition wall, characterized in that, The ventilation system includes at least one ventilation shaft module, which is arranged in the extra-long double-tunnel, dividing the extra-long double-tunnel into at least two independent ventilation sections along the length direction. Both ends of the independent ventilation section have openings communicating with the external environment, and the openings include the opening modules of the ventilation shafts. The independent ventilation section includes two tunnel sections separated by a middle partition wall. At least one fan module for connecting the air paths of the two tunnel sections is arranged on the independent ventilation section. The tunnel section facing the suction port of the fan module is the intake tunnel section, and the tunnel section facing the exhaust port of the fan module is the exhaust tunnel section. The fan module is arranged on the middle partition wall. At least one ventilation duct for connecting the two tunnel sections is arranged on the middle partition wall. The fan module includes at least one fan, and the fan is arranged in the ventilation duct. Several ventilation ducts are arranged on the middle partition wall at intervals, and the several ventilation ducts are distributed along the length direction of the middle partition wall. Under the drive of the fans in multiple ventilation ducts, a stepped air pressure difference distribution is established in the two tunnel sections, with a large pressure difference in the middle and a small pressure difference at both ends. A negative-pressure tunnel section for introducing fresh air and a positive-pressure tunnel section for exhausting dirty air are constructed relative to the ambient atmospheric pressure. The negative-pressure tunnel section is the intake tunnel section, and the positive-pressure tunnel section is the exhaust tunnel section. The ventilation shaft module includes a ventilation shaft and two connecting air ducts. The ventilation shaft is a double-duct ventilation shaft composed of two reverse air ducts. One end of the two reverse air ducts communicates with the external environment, and the other end communicates with the intake tunnel section and the exhaust tunnel section of the extra-long double-tunnel through the two connecting air ducts respectively, and is used for injecting fresh air into the intake tunnel section and extracting dirty air from the exhaust tunnel section respectively. Alternatively, the ventilation shaft module includes two ventilation shafts and two connecting air ducts. One end of the two ventilation shafts communicates with the external environment, and the other end communicates with the two intake tunnel sections and the exhaust tunnel section of the extra-long double-tunnel through the two connecting air ducts respectively, and is used for injecting fresh air into the intake tunnel section and extracting dirty air from the exhaust tunnel section respectively.

2. The cross-driving and longitudinally-extended double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module as claimed in claim 1, wherein The ventilation shaft is a vertical shaft or an inclined shaft.

3. A ventilation system for a horizontally-driven and longitudinally-extended double-tunnel combined with a ventilation shaft module as claimed in claim 1, wherein, A ventilation shaft fan module is arranged in the connecting air duct.

4. The cross-driving and longitudinally-extended double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module as claimed in claim 1, wherein The fan module includes at least one fan one and at least one fan two. The fan one and the fan two are arranged back to back in the exhaust tunnel section, and the exhaust ports face the two end openings of the exhaust tunnel section respectively. The suction ports of the fan one and the fan two communicate with the intake tunnel section through air ducts passing through the middle partition wall.

5. A ventilation system for a horizontally-driven and longitudinally-extended double-tunnel combined with a ventilation shaft module as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that, At least one ventilation duct for connecting the intake tunnel section and the exhaust tunnel section is arranged on the middle partition wall. The air ducts are arranged in the ventilation duct. The fan one and the fan two are both arranged on the ceiling of the dome of the exhaust tunnel section.

6. The cross-driving and longitudinally super-long double-tunnel ventilation system combined with a ventilation shaft module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fan module includes several fan ones and several fan twos arranged at intervals along the length direction of the exhaust tunnel section. Several fan ones are sequentially arranged at intervals from the middle of the exhaust tunnel section to one end opening, and several fan twos are sequentially arranged at intervals from the middle of the exhaust tunnel section to the other end opening.

7. A ventilation system for a horizontally-driven and vertically-extended double-hole tunnel combined with a ventilation shaft module as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The blower module has a forward and reverse rotation function.

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