A machining tool and machining method for a cylindrical gear with variable hyperbolic arc tooth profile

Abstract

The processing machine tool for variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gears of the present invention has a base, on which a spindle component and a column are provided. X, Y, and Z-direction guide rails are provided on the column for adjusting the clamping mechanism and the gear indexing mechanism. The spindle component is connected with a tooth line radius adjusting mechanism, and a plurality of cutters are installed on the tooth line radius adjusting mechanism. The tooth line radius adjusting mechanism includes a rocker, a connecting rod, and a cutter mounting plate. The rocker and the connecting rod are pivotally connected, and the connecting rod and the cutter mounting plate are pivotally connected. The rocker is driven by the spindle motor of the spindle component. The plurality of cutters are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the cutter mounting plate, and each of the plurality of cutters is used for processing variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gears with different tooth line radii. The processing device of the present invention can realize the industrial application of variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gears, improve the processing accuracy and processing efficiency, and reduce the input cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machining equipment, and particularly to a machining machine and a machining method for a variable hyperbolic arc tooth profile cylindrical gear. Background Art

[0002] The variable hyperbolic arc tooth profile cylindrical gear is a new type of gear pair that can meet the requirements of heavy load and high precision. The structural characteristics of the variable hyperbolic arc tooth profile cylindrical gear are as Figure 1-2 shown. Its tooth line is a space arc line in the tooth width direction, the tooth profile in the middle section is an involute, and the tooth profiles in the other sections are the envelopes of a uniformly varying hyperbola family. Compared with helical gears, the variable hyperbolic arc tooth profile cylindrical gear has no axial thrust and is less sensitive to installation errors. Compared with herringbone gears, there is no relief groove and continuous machining can be achieved. Due to the particularity of the tooth geometry, the machining theory and manufacturing system for variable hyperbolic arc tooth profile cylindrical gears are not yet mature.

[0003] There are certain defects in the existing theoretical basis and machining methods for this kind of gear. For example, during the machining process, the cutting blade is fixed on the tool holder, and the normal direction of the working base plane of the cutting blade is always kept unchanged during the rotation process. The gear obtained by this machining method has a line contact in the meshing type, and this kind of contact method is sensitive to the center distance and installation errors. Problems such as uneven load or jamming may occur during actual application, and it cannot meet the high-precision application scenarios. Due to the lack of special machining equipment for arc tooth profile cylindrical gears with equal normal tooth thickness, the large-scale application in the industrial field is restricted.

[0004] Due to the lack of special machining equipment for arc tooth profile cylindrical gears with equal normal tooth thickness, the large-scale application in the industrial field is restricted. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above technical problems, the machining machine and the machining method for variable hyperbolic arc tooth profile cylindrical gears proposed by the present invention can conveniently and accurately machine variable hyperbolic arc tooth profile cylindrical gears, and solve the problem of difficult large-scale application of this kind of gear in industry.

[0006] The specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A variable hyperbolic arc tooth line cylindrical gear processing machine tool is used to process variable hyperbolic arc tooth line cylindrical gears. It has a base, on which a spindle component and a column are provided. The column is connected to the base through an X-direction guide rail. A Z-direction slide plate is provided on the column, and the Z-direction slide plate is connected to the column through a Z-direction guide rail. A clamping mechanism for clamping the gear blank and a gear indexing mechanism for controlling the indexing rotation of the gear blank are provided on the Z-direction slide plate. The clamping mechanism and the gear indexing mechanism are connected to the Z-direction slide plate through a Y-direction guide rail. The spindle component is connected with a tooth line radius adjustment mechanism, and a plurality of cutting tools are installed on the tooth line radius adjustment mechanism. The tooth line radius adjustment mechanism includes a rocker, a connecting rod, and a tool mounting plate. The rocker and the connecting rod are pivotally connected, and the connecting rod and the tool mounting plate are pivotally connected. The rocker is driven by the spindle motor of the spindle component. The plurality of cutting tools are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the tool mounting plate, and each of the plurality of cutting tools is used to process variable hyperbolic arc tooth line cylindrical gears with different tooth line radii.

[0007] Further, the length of the rocker is less than the length of the tool mounting plate. One end of the rocker is pivotally connected to one end of the connecting rod, and the other end of the rocker is connected to the output shaft of the spindle motor. The spindle motor drives the rocker to rotate. One end of the tool mounting plate is pivotally connected to the other end of the connecting rod, and the other end of the tool mounting plate is rotatably arranged on the spindle component through a pin shaft, and the tool mounting plate swings around the pin shaft.

[0008] Further, the middle distance from the cutting tool to the pin shaft is the tool mounting radius R T , and the tool mounting radius R T is equal to the tooth line radius of the variable hyperbolic arc tooth line cylindrical gear.

[0009] Further, the lengths of the rocker and the connecting rod are variable, and the speed of gear shaping can be adjusted.

[0010] Further, the cutting tool is a tooth-shaped tool, and the tooth-shaped tool is detachably installed on the tool mounting plate.

[0011] Further, the tooth-shaped tool can be adjusted along the length direction of the tool mounting plate, so as to realize the processing of variable hyperbolic arc tooth line cylindrical gears with different tooth line radii.

[0012] Further, the gear indexing mechanism is jointly controlled by a mechanical part and an electronic part of a numerical control system.

[0013] Further, the clamping mechanism is integrally U-shaped. The bottom of the U-shape is slidably connected to the Y-direction guide rail. The gear blank is clamped inside the U-shape. One side of the clamping mechanism is connected to the gear indexing mechanism, and the gear indexing mechanism is driven by a gear indexing servo motor.

[0014] In addition, a processing method for a variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gear is proposed, which uses the aforementioned processing device. The specific steps are as follows:

[0015] Step 1: Set the gear processing parameters in the numerical control system;

[0016] Step 2: Adjust the clamping mechanism according to the relevant parameters such as the size of the gear blank;

[0017] Step 3: Determine the installation radius R of the tool according to the tooth line radius of the gear to be processed, T and determine the rotational speed of the tool according to the linear speed requirement of the tool in the processing technology;

[0018] Step 4: The indexing device positions the gear blank, and the tool and the clamping mechanism perform a generating motion synchronously at a predetermined gear cutting speed until the current tooth groove is processed;

[0019] Step 5: After processing one tooth groove, the tool and the gear blank are separated, the indexing mechanism returns to the starting point of indexing, and then continues to index to the next tooth groove to be processed;

[0020] Step 6: Repeat steps 4 and 5 until all teeth are processed.

[0021] Further, in step 3, different installation radii R of the tool are determined by selecting tools at different positions or adjusting the position of the tool on the tool mounting plate T .

[0022] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: The present invention drives the tool to move through a linkage mechanism, which can meet the gear processing of a series of products with different specifications. The tool makes an arc reciprocating motion within a certain range driven by the linkage of the tool mounting plate, without rotating a full circle. The entire tool mounting structure has a small moment of inertia, reducing the requirements for the driving motor. At the same time, the position of the tool on the tool mounting plate can be adjusted according to actual needs. In addition to increasing the cutting efficiency, it can also meet the requirements of gears with different tooth line radii. The rotational speed of the mounting plate can be varied by changing the dimensions of the rocker and the connecting rod, thereby adjusting the gear cutting speed. During processing, it is designed strictly according to the meshing principle, avoiding principle errors, laying a foundation for the industrial application of variable hyperbolic circular arc cylindrical gear transmission. Using this special machine tool can effectively reduce the redundancy of the machine tool, greatly reduce the processing cost, improve the processing accuracy and processing efficiency. At the same time, it provides a new device and method for the design of other new gear special machine tools. The present invention can promote the industrial application of variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gears, improve the processing accuracy and processing efficiency, and reduce the input cost. Description of the Drawings

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for describing the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art. Obviously, the following described drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 Isometric view of the variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gear structure;

[0025] Figure 2 Front view of the variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gear structure;

[0026] Figure 3 Overall structural schematic diagram of the processing machine tool of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the connecting rod gear shaper mechanism of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 Isometric view structural schematic diagram of the connecting rod gear shaper mechanism of the present invention.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Bed; 2. Spindle part; 3. Rocker; 4. Connecting rod; 5. Tool mounting plate; 6. Tool; 7. Gear indexing mechanism; 8. Gear indexing servo motor; 9. Column; 10. Z-axis guide rail; 11. Z-axis slide plate; 12. Blank clamping mechanism; 13. Y-axis guide rail; 14. Gear blank; 15. X-axis guide rail; 16. Cooling device; 17. Tooth line radius adjustment mechanism. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] The following will describe in detail the embodiments of the present invention. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions from beginning to end. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following will further describe the present invention in detail in combination with the drawings and embodiments.

[0032] The present invention is specifically implemented as follows: As Figure 3-5As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a machining tool for variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gears, which is used to machine variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gears. It has a base 1, on which a spindle component 2 and a column 9 are provided. The spindle component 2 is connected with a tooth profile radius adjustment mechanism 17, and a plurality of cutters 6 are installed on the tooth profile radius adjustment mechanism 17. The column 9 is connected to the base 1 through an X-axis guide rail 15, and a Z-axis slide plate 11 is provided on the column 9; the Z-axis slide plate 11 is connected to the column 9 through a Z-axis guide rail 10, and a clamping mechanism 12 for clamping the gear blank 14 is provided on the Z-axis slide plate 11. The Z-axis slide plate 11 can slide along with the Z-axis guide rail 10 to perform centering adjustment on the gear blank 14. The column 9 can move in the X-axis direction on the upper surface of the base 1 along the X-axis guide rail, and is controlled by an X-axis servo motor, enabling the column 9 to approach or move away from the cutter 6; the clamping mechanism 12 and the gear indexing mechanism 7 are connected to the Z-axis slide plate 11 through a Y-axis guide rail 13, and the height of the clamping mechanism 12 can be adjusted. The clamping mechanism 12 ensures that the gear blank rotates at a certain speed during machining to cooperate with the cutter 6 to complete the generating motion of the gear. And a gear indexing mechanism 7 for controlling the indexing rotation of the gear blank 14. The gear indexing mechanism 7 is used to control the rotation of the gear according to the required indexing. The gear indexing mechanism 7 can work jointly by the mechanical part and the electronic part of the numerical control system, and can easily realize debugging and tool setting, zeroing and indexing of the gear blank 14, and can meet the machining of gears with different parameter specifications, ensuring the efficiency, accuracy and versatility of indexing.

[0033] The tooth profile radius adjustment mechanism 17 includes a rocker 3, a connecting rod 4 and a cutter mounting plate 5. The rocker 3 and the connecting rod 4 are pivotally connected, and the connecting rod 4 and the cutter mounting plate 5 are pivotally connected. The rocker 3 is driven by the spindle motor of the spindle component 2. The plurality of cutters 6 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the cutter mounting plate 5, and each of the plurality of cutters 6 is used to machine variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gears with different tooth profile radii.

[0034] As Figure 3 shown, the rocker 3 rotates at a specified speed around the center O2 with a radius of R2 under the drive of the spindle motor. Driven by the connecting rod 4, the cutter mounting plate 5 installed with the cutter 6 makes a reciprocating circular arc motion around the center O1 with a radius of R1. The installation radius R T of the cutter 6 is the tooth profile radius of the gear to be machined. By adjusting the installation radius R T of the cutter 6 on the cutter mounting plate 5, variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gears with different tooth profile radii can be machined.

[0035] Further, the length of the rocker 3 is less than the length of the tool mounting plate 5. One end of the rocker 3 is pivotally connected to one end of the connecting rod 4, and the other end of the rocker 3 is connected to the output shaft of the main shaft motor. The main shaft motor drives the rocker 3 to rotate. One end of the tool mounting plate 5 is pivotally connected to the other end of the connecting rod 4, and the other end of the tool mounting plate 5 is rotatably arranged on the main shaft component 2 through a pin shaft, and the tool mounting plate 5 swings around the pin shaft.

[0036] Further, the intermediate distance from the tool 6 to the pin shaft is the tool mounting radius R T , and the mounting radius R of the tool 6 T is equal to the tooth line radius of the variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gear.

[0037] Further, the lengths of the rocker 3 and the connecting rod 4 are variable. By using rockers 3 and connecting rods 4 of different lengths, the rotation speed of the tool mounting plate 5 can be changed, thereby adjusting the speed of gear shaping.

[0038] Further, the tool 6 is a tooth-shaped tool, and the tooth-shaped tool is detachably mounted on the tool mounting plate 5.

[0039] Further, the tooth-shaped tool can be adjusted along the length direction of the tool mounting plate 5, which can improve the machining efficiency of the gear and simultaneously realize the machining of variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gears with different tooth line radii. Specifically, the tool 6 can be mounted on the tool mounting plate 5 by means of a slider and a pressing plate. When adjustment is required, loosen the fastening device between the tool 6 and the tool mounting plate 5, push the tool 6 to move on the tool mounting plate 5, and then fix the tool 6 on the tool mounting plate 5 through a fastener when it moves to the preset position. Preferably, a scale can also be set on the tool mounting plate 5 to facilitate determining the adjustment amount of the tool 6.

[0040] Further, the gear indexing mechanism 7 is jointly controlled by a mechanical part and an electronic part of the numerical control system.

[0041] Further, the clamping mechanism 12 is integrally U-shaped. The bottom of the U-shape is slidably connected to the Y-direction guide rail 13, the gear blank 14 is clamped inside the U-shape, one side of the clamping mechanism 12 is connected to the gear indexing mechanism 7, and the gear indexing mechanism 7 is driven by a gear indexing servo motor 8.

[0042] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for machining a variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gear, which uses the aforementioned machining device. The specific steps are as follows:

[0043] Step 1: Set the gear machining parameters in the numerical control system. The specific parameters include the number of teeth to be machined, the gear module, the cutting speed, the retraction speed, the feed rate, etc. It is also necessary to set the loading and unloading parameters: the combined feed rate of the X, Y, and Z axes, and preset the tool setting point. During the machining process, let the feed speed of the X axis be v1, the radius of the gear to be machined be r, and the rotational angular velocity of the blank be ω1. Then there is a relative motion relationship:

[0044] v1 = ω1·r

[0045] Step 2: Adjust the clamping mechanism 12 according to the relevant parameters such as the size of the blank 14, so that the blank clamping mechanism 12 completes the installation of the blank 14;

[0046] Step 3: Determine the installation radius R of the tool 6 according to the tooth line radius of the gear to be machined T , determine the rotational speed of the tool 6 according to the linear speed requirement of the tool 6 in the machining process, select a pulse signal for the spindle servo motor, drive the rocker 3 to rotate, and drive the connecting rod 4 and the tool mounting plate 5, so that the tool 6 makes a reciprocating motion on a predetermined arc, and turn on the cooling device 16;

[0047] Further, in Step 3, the installation radius R of the tool 6 can be determined by selecting tools 6 at different positions or adjusting the position of the tool 6 on the tool mounting plate 5 T .

[0048] Step 4: The indexing device 7 positions the blank 14, and the tool 6 and the clamping mechanism 12 perform a generating motion synchronously at a predetermined cutting speed until the current tooth groove is machined, including the convex surface of the previous tooth and the concave surface of the next tooth;

[0049] Step 5: After machining one tooth groove, the tool 6 and the blank 14 are separated. The indexing mechanism 7 first returns to the starting point of indexing, and then continues to index to the next tooth groove to be machined to avoid the generation of cumulative errors;

[0050] Step 6: Repeat Steps 4 and 5; by judging whether all the teeth are machined. If so, the column 9 retracts to the initial position, stops the rotation of the rocker 3, and turns off the cooling; if not, continue to repeat from Step 4 until all the teeth are machined.

[0051] Further, in Step 3, the different installation radii R of the tool 6 can be determined by selecting tools 6 at different positions or adjusting the position of the tool 6 on the tool mounting plate 5 T .

[0052] The processing device of the present invention needs to accurately establish the mathematical model and motion relationship among the workpiece, the machine tool, and the tool in the machine tool numerical control system software. By studying the law of high-precision tooth surface characteristics, the corresponding control model is established, and the single-axis motion accuracy and multi-axis relative motion accuracy are controlled through the numerical control software to meet the diversity of the geometric parameters of the machined gear, so as to complete the optimal processing of the variable hyperbolic arc tooth line cylindrical gear.

[0053] The present invention drives the tool to move through the connecting rod mechanism, which can meet the gear processing of a series of products with different specifications. The tool makes reciprocating circular motion within a certain range under the drive of the connecting rod of the tool mounting plate without rotating a full circle. The entire tool mounting structure has a small moment of inertia, reducing the requirements for the drive motor. At the same time, the position of the tool on the tool mounting plate can be adjusted according to actual needs. In addition to increasing the cutting efficiency, it can also meet the requirements of gears with different tooth line radii. The rotational speed of the mounting plate can also be changed by changing the dimensions of the rocker and the connecting rod, thereby adjusting the speed of gear shaping. During processing, it is designed strictly in accordance with the meshing principle, avoiding principle errors, laying a foundation for the industrial application of the variable hyperbolic arc cylindrical gear drive. Using this special machine tool can effectively reduce the redundancy of the machine tool, greatly reduce the processing cost, and improve the processing accuracy and efficiency. At the same time, it provides a new device and method for the design of other new-type gear special machine tools. The present invention can promote the industrial application of the variable hyperbolic arc tooth line cylindrical gear, improve the processing accuracy and efficiency, and reduce the input cost.

[0054] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A machine tool for machining cylindrical gears with variable hyperbolic arc tooth lines, which is used for machining cylindrical gears with variable hyperbolic arc tooth lines, and is characterized in that, It has a base (1), on which a main shaft component (2) and a column (9) are provided. The column (9) is connected to the base (1) through an X-direction guide rail (15). A Z-direction slide plate (11) is provided on the column (9), and the Z-direction slide plate (11) is connected to the column (9) through a Z-direction guide rail (10). A clamping mechanism (12) for clamping a gear blank (14) and a gear indexing mechanism (7) for controlling the indexing rotation of the gear blank (14) are provided on the Z-direction slide plate (11). The clamping mechanism (12) and the gear indexing mechanism (7) are connected to the Z-direction slide plate (11) through a Y-direction guide rail (13). The main shaft component (2) is connected with a tooth line radius adjustment mechanism (17), and a plurality of cutters (6) are installed on the tooth line radius adjustment mechanism (17). The tooth line radius adjustment mechanism (17) includes a rocker (3), a connecting rod (4) and a cutter mounting plate (5). The rocker (3) and the connecting rod (4) are pivotally connected, and the connecting rod (4) and the cutter mounting plate (5) are pivotally connected. The rocker (3) is driven by the main shaft motor of the main shaft component (2). The plurality of cutters (6) are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the cutter mounting plate (5) on the cutter mounting plate (5). Each of the plurality of cutters (6) can be used to machine a variable hyperbolic arc tooth line cylindrical gear with different tooth line radii; The length of the rocker (3) is less than the length of the cutter mounting plate (5). One end of the rocker (3) is pivotally connected to one end of the connecting rod (4), and the other end of the rocker (3) is connected to the output shaft of the main shaft motor. The main shaft motor drives the rocker (3) to rotate. One end of the cutter mounting plate (5) is pivotally connected to the other end of the connecting rod (4), and the other end of the cutter mounting plate (5) is rotatably arranged on the main shaft component (2) through a pin shaft. The cutter mounting plate (5) swings around the pin shaft.

2. The cylindrical gear processing machine tool with variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle distance between the tool (6) and the pin is the tool installation radius R T , the tool installation radius R T Equal to the tooth radius of the variable hyperbolic arc tooth line cylindrical gear.

3. The cylindrical gear processing machine tool with variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The lengths of the rocker (3) and the connecting rod (4) are variable.

4. The cylindrical gear processing machine tool with variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cutter (6) is a tooth-shaped cutter, and the tooth-shaped cutter is detachably installed on the cutter mounting plate (5).

5. The cylindrical gear processing machine tool with variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile according to claim 4, wherein: The tooth-shaped cutter can be adjusted along the length direction of the cutter mounting plate (5), so as to realize the machining of a variable hyperbolic arc tooth line cylindrical gear with different tooth line radii.

6. The cylindrical gear processing machine tool with variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gear indexing mechanism (7) is jointly controlled by a mechanical part and an electronic part of a numerical control system.

7. The cylindrical gear processing machine tool with variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile according to claim 5, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism (12) is integrally U-shaped. The bottom of the U-shape is slidably connected to the Y-direction guide rail (13). The gear blank (14) is clamped inside the U-shape. One side of the clamping mechanism (12) is connected to the gear indexing mechanism (7), and the gear indexing mechanism (7) is driven by a gear indexing servo motor (8).

8. A machining method for a cylindrical gear with variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile, characterized in that: The variable hyperbolic arc tooth line cylindrical gear processing machine tool as described in any one of claims 1-7 is used. The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Set gear processing parameters in the numerical control system; Step 2: Adjust the clamping mechanism (12) according to the dimensional parameters of the gear blank (14); Step 3: Determine the tool mounting radius R of the tool (6) according to the tooth line radius of the gear to be machined T , and determine the rotational speed of the tool (6) according to the linear velocity requirement of the tool (6) in the machining process; Step 4: The indexing device (7) positions the gear blank (14), and the cutter (6) and the clamping mechanism (12) perform a generating motion synchronously at a predetermined tooth cutting speed until the current tooth slot is machined; Step 5: After machining one tooth space, the cutter (6) is separated from the blank (14), and the indexing mechanism (7) returns to the starting point of indexing, and then continues to index to the next tooth space to be machined; Step 6: Repeat Steps 4 and 5 until the machining of all teeth is completed.

9. The machining method of the variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gear according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step 3, different tool mounting radii R of the tool (6) are determined by selecting tools (6) at different positions or adjusting the position of the tool (6) on the tool mounting plate (5). T .

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