A gasification incineration boiler containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus-containing high-nitrogen organic waste liquid

Abstract

The present invention provides a gasification and incineration boiler for organic waste liquid containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus and high nitrogen, comprising a U-shaped gasification and incineration boiler and a cooling chamber with a built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface, wherein the U-shaped gasification and incineration boiler and the cooling chamber with the built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface are in an inverted "U" shape, and the top of the U-shaped gasification and incineration boiler and the cooling chamber with the built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface are connected through a connecting flue. The structure of the gasification and incineration boiler for organic waste liquid containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus and high nitrogen of the present invention is scientific and reasonable, one side of the U-shaped incineration boiler performs cracking and gasification on the organic waste liquid containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus and high nitrogen, and the other side performs low nitrogen combustion of the cracking gasification gas at high temperature, which avoids the generation of a large amount of fuel-type nitrogen oxides caused by direct combustion, greatly reduces the equipment investment and operating costs for the post-stage environmental protection denitration treatment of flue gas, and makes the whole system more economical.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a waste liquid resource recovery and environmental protection treatment technology, and in particular to a gasification incineration boiler for organic waste liquid containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus and high nitrogen content. Background Art

[0002] When treating organic waste liquids containing heavy metals, metal salts, and phosphorus and high nitrogen, if they are directly burned at high temperatures, the organic nitrogen in the waste liquid will be directly converted into NOx, and the amount of fuel-type nitrogen oxides generated will be huge, making it difficult to carry out post-stage denitrification and ensuring that flue gas emissions meet standards. At the same time, it is currently difficult for chemical waste liquids containing organic phosphorus and high nitrogen to meet flue gas emission standards when they are directly incinerated at high temperatures, and the cost of post-stage denitrification is extremely high. On the one hand, the rate of nitrogen oxides generated by fuel-type nitrogen during high-temperature incineration is as high as 60% or more, and the generation of a large amount of nitrogen oxides requires a large amount of denitrification agent for post-stage denitrification, resulting in increased operating costs. On the other hand, after the generation of a large amount of nitrogen oxides, the post-stage denitrification device also needs to be enlarged, and the system resistance of the denitrification device also increases, resulting in an increase in the power consumption of the system's induced draft fan, which also increases not only the operating cost of the denitrification device, but also the equipment investment cost;

[0003] When phosphorus-containing organic waste liquid is incinerated, phosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5 ), which easily reacts with water vapor in flue gas to generate phosphoric acid. Under high temperature conditions, a certain concentration of phosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5 ) is converted into phosphoric acid or metaphosphoric acid, which can easily corrode metals, especially waste heat utilization equipment, making it impossible to operate reliably.

[0004] For example, adiponitrile, as an important chemical raw material, is a colorless and transparent oily liquid, which is mainly used for hydrogenation to generate hexamethylenediamine. Hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid undergo polycondensation to produce a translucent or opaque milky synthetic resin (i.e. nylon 66), which has good wear resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, and this is the most important industrial use of adiponitrile so far. Adiponitrile can also be used in aspects such as rocket fuel, electroplating industry, detergent additives and pesticides. In the past, my country's adiponitrile mainly relied on imports. With the rapid development of my country's chemical industry in recent years, the demand for adiponitrile has gradually increased, and various places have successively built multiple adiponitrile production units.

[0005] At present, the main process routes for producing adiponitrile include acrylonitrile electrolytic dimerization, adipic acid catalytic amination and butadiene process. However, these three process routes will produce some organic waste liquids to varying degrees during the production process, mainly some intermediate products, catalysts, and additives produced by side reactions, mainly butene nitrile, pentene nitrile, trimethylphenyl phosphite, methyl glutaronitrile, meta-cresol, heavy metal catalysts, inorganic salts and other impurities. The waste liquid contains a lot of organic matter, and most of it is toxic. If it is discharged directly, it will continue to accumulate and store in natural environments such as water bodies and soil, and then enter the human body, endangering health. Due to biodegradation, high-concentration organic waste liquid discharged into water bodies will cause the receiving water body to be hypoxic or even anaerobic, most aquatic organisms will die, produce stench, and deteriorate water quality and environment. Heavy metals in waste liquids enter the environment, are not easily metabolized in the environment, and are easily enriched by organisms, which not only pollutes the environment, but also seriously threatens the survival of humans and aquatic organisms. Excessive intake of heavy metals by the human body can cause various diseases, such as cancer and deformity. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a gasification incineration boiler for organic waste liquid containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus and high nitrogen, in view of the problem that the current treatment of chemical waste liquid containing organic phosphorus and high nitrogen has the problem that the flue gas emission is difficult to meet the standards and the denitrification cost is extremely high. The incineration boiler has a scientific and reasonable structure, avoids direct combustion and produces a large amount of nitrogen oxides, greatly reduces equipment investment and operating costs for the post-stage environmental protection denitrification treatment of flue gas, and makes the entire system more economical.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a gasification incineration boiler containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus-containing high-nitrogen organic waste liquid, including a U-shaped gasification incineration boiler and a cooling chamber with a built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface, the U-shaped gasification incineration boiler and the cooling chamber with the built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface are in an inverted "U" shape (the flue gas flow in the incineration boiler is "U"-shaped, and the incineration boiler and the cooling chamber with the built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface are in an "inverted U" shape when they are combined as a whole), and the U-shaped gasification incineration boiler is connected to the top of the cooling chamber with the built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface through a connecting flue.

[0008] Furthermore, the U-shaped gasification incineration boiler has a gasification chamber on one side and a high-temperature incineration chamber on the other side. The gasification chamber and the high-temperature incineration chamber are separated by a membrane water-cooled wall partition. The bottom of the gasification chamber is connected to the bottom of the high-temperature incineration chamber through a flue gas turning chamber. A first ash outlet is provided at the bottom of the flue gas turning chamber. The first ash outlet is connected to a dual-axis cooler and a water-cooled scraper conveyor at one time through a pipeline. High-temperature heavy metals and their oxides, heavy metals deposited at the bottom of the flue gas turning chamber are 2 O 5Solid salts generated under acidic conditions are sent to the double-axis cooler by gravity for cooling. Heavy metals and their oxides, heavy metals cooled to a certain temperature are 2 O 5 The solid salt generated under acidic conditions is then sent to a water-cooled scraper conveyor for cooling and then transported to the packaging workshop for packaging and storage.

[0009] Furthermore, a combined burner is provided on the top of the gasification chamber of the U-shaped gasification incineration boiler, and a natural gas interface, a waste liquid atomization spray gun interface, an organic waste gas interface and a primary air interface are provided on the combined burner. The U-shaped gasification incineration boiler is also equipped with conventional device systems such as an automatic ignition device, a fire detection device and a fire observation hole.

[0010] Furthermore, a secondary air distribution assembly is disposed at the lower part of the gasification chamber of the U-shaped gasification incineration boiler, and air is distributed to the gasification chamber according to the characteristics of the waste liquid, which can further increase the flue gas temperature in the downward section of the gasification chamber and the flue gas turning chamber.

[0011] Furthermore, a tertiary air distribution assembly is arranged at the lower part of the high-temperature combustion chamber of the U-shaped gasification incineration boiler (i.e., the inlet section where the gasification gas enters the high-temperature incineration chamber) to supplement the high-temperature combustible gas generated in the gasification chamber with tertiary air, so that the high-temperature combustible gas can be fully burned and burnt out in the high-temperature incineration chamber, and the flue gas temperature from the tertiary air inlet to the furnace flue gas outlet is maintained at ≥1100°C, and the residence time of the high-temperature flue gas is ≥2s. The membrane water-cooled wall section at the furnace flue gas outlet adopts a thinning tube bundle and an anti-wear sleeve is installed on the windward side. On the one hand, it can rapidly cool down the high-temperature flue gas of 1100°C. On the other hand, it is important to collect dust (heavy metals and their oxides, heavy metals in P 2 O 5 Solid salt generated under acidic conditions, etc.), its function is equivalent to slag.

[0012] Furthermore, the secondary air distribution assembly and the tertiary air distribution assembly are both composed of a blower, an air duct, a furnace front main pipe, and a plurality of small air ducts arranged on the furnace front main pipe. The plurality of small air ducts are arranged on a single wall or the corresponding three walls, and are arranged between the two tubes of the membrane water-cooled wall. The holes on the fins between the two tubes of the membrane water-cooled wall are used to arrange the plurality of small air ducts.

[0013] Furthermore, the U-shaped gasification incineration boiler adopts the top spraying type of waste liquid atomization into the furnace, which can prevent the waste liquid from being sprayed onto the opposite furnace wall and dripping onto the furnace wall where the spray gun is located, thereby avoiding damage to the furnace wall by the waste liquid.

[0014] Furthermore, the cooling chamber flue gas inlet and the cooling chamber flue gas outlet of the cooling chamber with built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface adopt membrane water-cooled wall sections, use thinning tube bundles, and install anti-wear sleeves on the windward side. On the one hand, the high-temperature flue gas is cooled sharply, and on the other hand, the staggered thinning tube bundles are used to collect dust (heavy metals and their oxides, heavy metals in P 2 O 5 Solid salts generated under acidic conditions, etc.) all act like slag.

[0015] Furthermore, a plurality of groups of L-screen membrane wall heating surfaces are arranged in the cooling chamber with built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface. The high-temperature flue gas flushes the L-screen membrane wall heating surface from top to bottom. On the one hand, it prevents high-viscosity phosphates and the like from adhering to the boiler heating surface tubes, affecting heat transfer and reducing the high-temperature flue gas cooling required by the process design; on the other hand, the L-screen membrane wall heating surface adopts a membrane wall, and high-viscosity phosphates and the like are adhered to the membrane wall. Since the properties of high-viscosity phosphates and the like are different from those of the membrane wall metal, high-viscosity phosphates and the like will form a layer of film when they are adhered to the metal surface of the membrane wall, and the membrane wall contains a boiler steam-water mixture with a lower temperature, which is very difficult to adhere to the membrane. The high-adhesion phosphates on the metal surface of the wall are fully cooled to transform their physical state from liquid to solid, and will automatically peel off from the metal surface of the membrane wall by gravity, thereby achieving self-cleaning capability; thirdly, a plurality of groups of L-screen membrane wall heating surfaces are arranged in the cooling chamber with a built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface, which can quickly reduce the high-temperature flue gas to about 550°C, meeting the process requirements of converting high-temperature liquid (metal salts, inorganic salts, etc.) and gaseous (phosphates) substances in the flue gas into solid substances, which is convenient for further resource processing after collection.

[0016] Furthermore, a second ash outlet is provided at the bottom of the cooling chamber of the built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface, and the second ash outlet is connected to the double-axis cooler and the water-cooled scraper conveyor through a pipeline. Solid metal salts, inorganic salts and other substances collected in the cooling chamber of the built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface flow into the double-axis cooler through the second ash outlet provided at the bottom for cooling. Heavy metals and their oxides, heavy metals cooled to a certain temperature are removed at P 2 O 5 The solid salt generated under acidic conditions is then sent to a water-cooled scraper conveyor for cooling and then transported to the packaging workshop for packaging and storage.

[0017] Furthermore, all furnace walls of the gasification and incineration boiler containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus-containing high-nitrogen organic waste liquid are made of membrane water-cooled furnace walls; the membrane water-cooled walls of the gasification chamber, flue gas turning chamber and high-temperature incineration chamber of the U-shaped gasification and incineration boiler are laid with high-density acid- and alkali-resistant refractory castables on the fire side to form a combustion-preserving belt, and the other side is laid with wall-attached fibers, and a metal protective plate is arranged on the outside. The purpose of setting up the fire-prevention belt is, on the one hand, to prevent the high-temperature acidic gas generated by the incineration of waste liquid from corroding the boiler's metal heating surface, i.e., the membrane water-cooled wall. On the other hand, due to the heat conduction of the fire-prevention belt, the membrane water-cooled wall absorbs heat, reducing the amount of air required for the incineration of high-calorific value waste liquid, thereby reducing the size of the device and also reducing the equipment investment cost. More importantly, the heat absorption of the membrane water-cooled wall causes the fire-prevention belt to be cooled and protected, reducing the corrosion of the fire-prevention belt by inorganic salts, metal salts and acidic gases generated by the high-temperature incineration of chemical waste liquids containing heavy metals, metal salts and organic phosphorus and high nitrogen, thus ensuring that the fire-prevention belt has a long and reliable service life. The purpose of setting up the wall-attached fiber and metal guard plate is, on the one hand, to achieve double-layer sealing to ensure no air leakage, and on the other hand, to realize the outdoor arrangement of the boiler equipment to reduce infrastructure investment. On the other hand, water spray can be used to flush the outer surface of the boiler to keep the equipment clean.

[0018] Furthermore, each side of the membrane water-cooled fireplace wall of the gasification and incineration boiler for organic waste liquid containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus and high nitrogen is provided with a membrane water-cooled wall heating surface upper header and a membrane water-cooled wall heating surface lower header, that is, the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface header and the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface lower header are connected by the membrane water-cooled wall according to process requirements. The boiler feed water enters the boiler drum, and is distributed to all membrane water-cooled wall heating surface lower headers and L-screen type heating surface centralized lower headers through the centralized downcomers on the left and right sides of the boiler drum in the longitudinal direction and the lower header feed water distribution branch connected to the centralized downcomers. The steam-water mixture generated by the absorption of heat by the membrane water-cooled wall rises to the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface header, and then is introduced into the boiler drum through the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface header outlet pipe. An L-screen heating surface water supply distribution branch header is arranged at the bottom of each group of L-screen membrane wall heating surfaces. The L-screen heating surface water supply distribution branch header is connected to the L-screen heating surface centralized lower header. The steam-water mixture is generated by the radiation and convection heat absorption of the L-screen membrane wall heating surface and rises to the single-group L-screen heating surface centralized header. The single-group L-screen heating surface centralized header is directly introduced into the boiler steam drum. The entire boiler is composed of a natural circulation closed circuit through the boiler drum, centralized downcomer, lower header of the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface, membrane water-cooled wall, upper header of the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface, header outlet pipe of the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface, centralized lower header of the L-screen heating surface, feed water distribution branch header of the L-screen heating surface, L-screen membrane wall heating surface, and header outlet pipe of the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface. The generated steam-water mixture is separated in the boiler drum, and the separated saturated steam is sent to the heat users for production use through the steam outlet of the boiler drum, and the separated water is further distributed to each heating surface through the centralized downcomer for continued circulation.

[0019] Furthermore, flue gas temperature and pressure measuring points, i.e., temperature and pressure measuring points, are set at the flue gas outlet sections of the gasification chamber, flue gas turning chamber, high temperature incineration chamber, and cooling chamber with built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface. The gasification chamber, flue gas turning chamber, and high temperature incineration chamber can effectively control the distribution of primary and secondary air through the gas temperature measured by the temperature and pressure measuring points, ensuring that both the gasification stage and the high temperature incineration stage proceed in the direction of process design.

[0020] Furthermore, multiple furnace doors are arranged on the membrane water-cooled fireplace walls of the gasification chamber, the flue gas turning chamber, the high-temperature incineration chamber and the cooling chamber with the built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface. While facilitating inspection and maintenance, it is also beneficial to clean the metal salts and inorganic salts produced by the high-temperature incineration of heavy metals, metal salts and organic phosphorus and high-nitrogen chemical waste liquids that are adhered to the sanitary combustion belt through the furnace doors.

[0021] Furthermore, in order to prevent the metal salts and inorganic salts produced by the high-temperature incineration of heavy metals, metal salts and organic phosphorus and high-nitrogen chemical waste liquid from adhering to the fire-prevention belt and the membrane water-cooled wall and L-screen membrane wall heating surface of the cooling room with the built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface, the device is also equipped with a plurality of soot blower interfaces spaced a certain distance apart on the side walls of the U-shaped gasification incineration boiler and the cooling room with the built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface. Soot is blown by the soot blowers to ensure that the metal salts and inorganic salts do not adhere to the fire-prevention belt, membrane water-cooled wall and L-screen membrane wall heating surface, thereby keeping the heating surface clean and unobstructed and the system operating reliably.

[0022] Furthermore, in order to avoid the corrosion of metals caused by phosphoric acid or metaphosphoric acid during the high-temperature incineration of phosphorus-containing organic waste liquid, on the one hand, high-density acid- and alkali-resistant refractory castables are laid on the fire side of the U-shaped gasification incineration boiler to form a combustion-preserving zone; on the other hand, the metal materials in contact with the flue gas, such as the membrane water-cooled wall of the cooling chamber with a built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface and the L-screen membrane wall heating surface, are all made of stainless heat-resistant steel.

[0023] The structure of the gasification incineration boiler containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus-containing high-nitrogen organic waste liquid of the present invention is scientific and reasonable. The U-shaped gasification incineration boiler adopts gasification of the waste liquid first. The reason is that the boiler is to deal with chemical waste liquid containing organic phosphorus and high nitrogen. Direct high-temperature combustion will directly convert the organic nitrogen in the waste liquid into NOx, making the post-stage denitrification difficult and difficult to ensure that the flue gas emission meets the standard. At the same time, not only the investment cost of the post-stage denitrification device is increased, but also the system resistance of the denitrification device is large, and the power consumption of the induced draft fan is large after operation. In addition, in order to denitrify, the consumption of the denitrification agent is large, and the operating cost is particularly high. A gasification chamber is set up to "reduce" the organic nitrogen in the waste liquid into N under anoxic conditions. 2 Type, so in the high temperature incineration chamber N 2The amount converted into NOx will be greatly reduced, which reasonably solves the problem of NOx generation, is beneficial to environmental protection, equipment investment and greatly reduces operating costs.

[0024] The main advantages of the present invention are as follows: the gasification incineration boiler containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus-containing high-nitrogen organic waste liquid of the present invention breaks through the traditional waste liquid incineration and heat energy recovery mode, has a clear mechanism and principle, and the overall structure is novel, simple, complete and reasonable. The incineration mechanism of heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus-containing high-nitrogen organic waste liquid is fully studied. First, the boiler structure is innovative, and a "U"-shaped membrane wall boiler is used to lay a fire protection belt structure to solve the problem of high-temperature incineration of phosphorus corroding metals; secondly, it also adopts gasification under hypoxic conditions to reduce the nitrogen in high-nitrogen organic matter to nitrogen gas, and then high-temperature incineration is carried out, which solves the problem of direct combustion of high-nitrogen organic matter to produce a large amount of fuel-type nitrogen oxides, and realizes denitrification during combustion; thirdly, the suspended chamber combustion technology of top-spraying waste liquid and side-burning auxiliary fuel is innovative. It is suitable for the incineration of organic waste liquid containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus and high nitrogen to completely achieve the incineration effect of completely burning organic matter; fourth, it innovates the use of nickel-based alloy membrane fireplace walls and screen-mounted heating surfaces and other boiler materials and structural technologies to meet the requirements of long-term reliable operation of heat recovery equipment containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus and high nitrogen organic waste liquid; fifth, it innovates the use of gasification, incineration, and waste heat utilization segmented technology, using membrane wall partitions to separate the gasification and incineration processes and turn 180 degrees to create conditions for the recovery of clean heavy metals and metal salts. At the same time, the membrane wall tubes at the flue gas outlet of the incineration part and the flue gas inlet of the waste heat utilization part adopt stretched tube bundles to create good conditions for separating the heavy metals and metal salts carried in the flue gas, ensuring the most efficient separation of heavy metals and metal salts carried in the flue gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a gasification incineration boiler for organic waste liquid containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus and high nitrogen content.

[0026] Figure serial number and name:

[0027] 1. Boiler drum; 2. Fire-preserving belt; 3. Membrane water-cooled wall; 4. Natural gas interface; 5. Waste liquid atomizing spray gun interface; 6. Organic waste gas interface; 7. Primary air interface; 8. Centralized downcomer; 9. Temperature and pressure measuring points; 10. Secondary air distribution assembly; 11. Membrane water-cooled wall partition; 12. Flue gas turning chamber; 13. First ash outlet; 14. Water-cooled scraper conveyor; 15. Double-axis cooler; 16. Second ash outlet; 17. Cooling chamber flue gas outlet; 19. L-screen heating surface centralized lower header; 20. Lower header water distribution branch pipe; 21. Tertiary air distribution assembly 1. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 2. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 3. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 4. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 5. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 6. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 7. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 8. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 9. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 10. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 11. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 12. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 13. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 14. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 15. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 16. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 17. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 18. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 19. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 20. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 21. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 22. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 23. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled wall is equipped with a heating element; 24. The heating surface of the membrane water-cooled DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments:

[0029] Example 1

[0030] The present embodiment discloses a gasification and incineration boiler for organic waste liquid containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus and high nitrogen content, comprising a U-shaped gasification and incineration boiler 35 and a cooling chamber 34 with a built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface. The U-shaped gasification and incineration boiler 35 and the cooling chamber 34 with the built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface are in an inverted "U" shape, and the U-shaped gasification and incineration boiler 35 is connected to the top of the cooling chamber 34 with the built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface through a connecting flue 29.

[0031] The U-shaped gasification incineration boiler 35 has a gasification chamber 32 on one side and a high-temperature incineration chamber 33 on the other side. The gasification chamber 32 and the high-temperature incineration chamber 33 are separated by a membrane water-cooled wall partition 11; the bottom of the gasification chamber 32 is connected to the bottom of the high-temperature incineration chamber 33 through a flue gas turning chamber 12, and a first ash outlet 13 is arranged at the bottom of the flue gas turning chamber 12. The first ash outlet 13 is connected to a double-axis cooler 15 and a water-cooled scraper conveyor 14 through a pipeline. The high-temperature heavy metals and their oxides, heavy metals deposited at the bottom of the flue gas turning chamber 12 are heated to 100 % by the gasification chamber 32. 2 O 5 The solid salts generated under acidic conditions are fed to the dual-axis cooler 15 by gravity for cooling. The heavy metals and their oxides, heavy metals cooled to a certain temperature are then cooled to a certain temperature. 2 O 5The solid salt etc. generated under the acidic condition is then sent to the water-cooled scraper conveyor 14 for cooling while being transported to the packaging workshop for packaging and storage.

[0032] A combined burner 36 is provided on the top of the gasification chamber 32 of the U-shaped gasification incineration boiler 35, and a natural gas interface 4, a waste liquid atomization spray gun interface 5, an organic waste gas interface 6 and a primary air interface 7 are provided on the combined burner 36. The U-shaped gasification incineration boiler 35 is also equipped with conventional device systems such as an automatic ignition device, a fire detection device and a fire observation hole.

[0033] The lower part of the gasification chamber 32 of the U-shaped gasification incineration boiler 35 is provided with a secondary air distribution assembly 10, which distributes air to the gasification chamber 32 according to the characteristics of the waste liquid, and can further increase the flue gas temperature in the downstream section of the gasification chamber 32 and the flue gas turning chamber 12.

[0034] The lower part of the high temperature combustion chamber 33 of the U-shaped gasification incineration boiler 35 (i.e., the inlet section where the gasification gas enters the high temperature combustion chamber 33) is provided with a tertiary air distribution assembly 21, which supplements the high temperature combustible gas generated by the gasification chamber 32 with tertiary air, so that the high temperature combustible gas is fully burned and burnt out in the high temperature combustion chamber 33, and the flue gas temperature from the tertiary air inlet to the furnace flue gas outlet 30 is maintained ≥1100°C, and the residence time of the high temperature flue gas is ≥2s. The three sections of the membrane water-cooled wall at the furnace flue gas outlet 30 use a thinning tube bundle and the windward surface is equipped with anti-wear sleeves. On the one hand, the high temperature flue gas of 1100°C is rapidly cooled. On the other hand, the staggered thinning tube bundles are used to collect dust (heavy metals and their oxides, solid salts generated by heavy metals under P2O5 acidic conditions, etc.) in the high temperature flue gas, which acts as slag coagulation.

[0035] The secondary air distribution assembly 10 and the tertiary air distribution assembly 21 are both composed of a blower, an air duct, a furnace front main pipe, and a plurality of small air ducts arranged on the furnace front main pipe. The plurality of small air ducts are arranged on a single wall or the corresponding three walls, and are arranged between the two tubes of the membrane water-cooled wall 3. The holes on the fins between the two tubes of the membrane water-cooled wall 3 are used to arrange the plurality of small air ducts.

[0036] The U-shaped gasification incineration boiler 35 adopts the top spraying method to atomize the waste liquid into the furnace, which can prevent the waste liquid from being sprayed onto the opposite furnace wall and dripping onto the furnace wall where the spray gun is located, thereby avoiding damage to the furnace wall by the waste liquid.

[0037] The cooling chamber flue gas inlet 26 and the cooling chamber flue gas outlet 17 of the cooling chamber 34 with built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface are both membrane-type water-cooled walls. The three sections use a thinning tube bundle and the windward side is equipped with anti-wear sleeves. On the one hand, the high-temperature flue gas is cooled sharply. On the other hand, the staggered thinning tube bundles are used to collect dust (heavy metals and their oxides, heavy metals in P 2 O 5Solid salts generated under acidic conditions, etc.) all act like slag.

[0038] A plurality of groups of L-type membrane wall heating surfaces 24 are arranged in the cooling chamber 34 with built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface. The high-temperature flue gas flushes the L-type membrane wall heating surface 24 from top to bottom, which, on the one hand, prevents high-adhesion phosphates and the like from adhering to the boiler heating surface tubes, affecting heat transfer and reducing the high-temperature flue gas cooling required by the process design; on the other hand, the L-type membrane wall heating surface 24 adopts a membrane wall, and high-adhesion phosphates and the like are adhered to the membrane wall. Since the properties of high-adhesion phosphates and the like are different from those of the membrane wall metal, high-adhesion phosphates and the like will form a layer of film when they are adhered to the metal surface of the membrane wall, and the membrane wall contains a boiler steam-water mixture with a lower temperature, which is very difficult to adhere to the membrane. The high-adhesion phosphates on the metal surface of the wall are fully cooled to transform their physical state from liquid to solid, and they will automatically peel off from the metal surface of the membrane wall by gravity, thereby achieving self-cleaning capability; thirdly, a plurality of groups of L-screen membrane wall heating surfaces 24 are arranged in the cooling chamber 34 with a built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface, which can quickly reduce the high-temperature flue gas to about 550°C, meeting the process requirements of converting high-temperature liquid (metal salts, inorganic salts, etc.) and gaseous (phosphates) substances in the flue gas into solid substances, which is convenient for further resource processing after collection.

[0039] The bottom of the cooling chamber 34 of the built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface is provided with a second ash outlet 16, which is connected to the double-axis cooler 15 and the water-cooled scraper conveyor 14 through a pipeline. The solid metal salts, inorganic salts and other substances collected in the cooling chamber 34 of the built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface flow into the double-axis cooler 15 through the second ash outlet 16 provided at the bottom for cooling. The heavy metals and their oxides, heavy metals cooled to a certain temperature are discharged at P 2 O 5 The solid salt etc. generated under the acidic condition is then sent to the water-cooled scraper conveyor 14 for cooling while being transported to the packaging workshop for packaging and storage.

[0040] All furnace walls of the gasification and incineration boiler containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus-containing high-nitrogen organic waste liquid are made of membrane water-cooled wall 3 furnace wall; the membrane water-cooled wall 3 of the gasification chamber 32, flue gas turning chamber 12 and high-temperature incineration chamber 33 of the U-shaped gasification and incineration boiler 35 is laid with high-density acid- and alkali-resistant refractory castables on the fire side to form a fire-preserving belt 2, and the other side is laid with wall-attached fibers, and a metal protective plate is arranged on the outside. The purpose of setting up the fire-preserving belt 2 is, on the one hand, to prevent the high-temperature acidic gas generated by the incineration of waste liquid from corroding the boiler metal heating surface, i.e., the membrane water-cooled wall 3. On the other hand, due to the heat conduction of the fire-preserving belt 2, the membrane water-cooled wall 3 absorbs heat, which reduces the amount of air required for the incineration of high calorific value waste liquid, thereby reducing the size of the device and also reducing the equipment investment cost. More importantly, the heat absorption of the membrane water-cooled wall 3 causes the fire-preserving belt 2 to be cooled and protected, reducing the erosion of the fire-preserving belt 2 by inorganic salts, metal salts and acidic gases generated by the high-temperature incineration of chemical waste liquid containing heavy metals, metal salts and organic phosphorus and high nitrogen, thereby ensuring that the fire-preserving belt 2 has a long and reliable service life. The purpose of setting up the wall-attached fiber and metal guard plate is, on the one hand, to achieve double-layer sealing to ensure no air leakage, and on the other hand, to realize the outdoor arrangement of the boiler equipment to reduce infrastructure investment. On the other hand, water spraying can be used to flush the outer surface of the boiler to keep the equipment clean.

[0041] Each side of the membrane water-cooled wall 3 furnace wall of the gasification and incineration boiler for organic waste liquid containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus and high nitrogen is provided with a membrane water-cooled wall heating surface upper header 27 and a membrane water-cooled wall heating surface lower header 37, that is, the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface header 27 and the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface lower header 37 are connected by the membrane water-cooled wall 3 according to process requirements. The boiler feed water enters the boiler drum 1, and is distributed to all membrane water-cooled wall heating surface lower headers 37 and L-screen type heating surface centralized lower headers 19 through the centralized downcomers 8 on the left and right sides of the boiler drum 1 in the longitudinal direction and the lower header feed water distribution branch pipe 20 connected to the centralized downcomers 8. The steam-water mixture generated by the absorption of heat by the membrane water-cooled wall 3 rises to the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface header 27, and then is introduced into the boiler drum 1 through the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface header outlet pipe 31. An L-screen heating surface water supply distribution branch header 22 is arranged at the lower part of each group of L-screen membrane wall heating surfaces 24. The L-screen heating surface water supply distribution branch header 22 is connected to the L-screen heating surface centralized lower header 19. The steam-water mixture generated by the radiation and convection heat absorption of the L-screen membrane wall heating surfaces 24 rises to the single-group L-screen heating surface centralized header 28, and the single-group L-screen heating surface centralized header 28 is directly introduced into the boiler steam drum 1. The entire boiler forms a natural circulation closed circuit through the boiler drum 1, the centralized downcomer 8, the lower header 37 of the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface, the membrane water-cooled wall 3, the upper header 27 of the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface, the header outlet pipe 31 of the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface, the L-type screen heating surface centralized lower header 19, the L-type screen heating surface feed water distribution branch header 22, the L-type screen membrane wall heating surface 24, and the header outlet pipe 31 of the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface. The generated steam-water mixture is separated in the boiler drum 1, and the separated saturated steam is sent to the heat user for production use through the steam outlet of the boiler drum 1, and the separated water is further distributed to each heating surface through the centralized downcomer 8 for continued circulation.

[0042] Smoke temperature and pressure measuring points, namely, temperature and pressure measuring points 9, are arranged at the smoke outlet sections of the gasification chamber 32, the smoke turning chamber 12, the high temperature incineration chamber 33, and the cooling chamber 34 with the built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface. The gasification chamber 32, the smoke turning chamber 12, and the high temperature incineration chamber 33 can effectively control the distribution of primary and secondary air through the gas temperature measured by the temperature and pressure measuring points 9, ensuring that both the gasification stage and the high temperature incineration stage proceed in the direction of the process design.

[0043] A plurality of furnace doors 23 are arranged on the furnace walls of the membrane water-cooled wall 3 of the gasification chamber 32, the flue gas turning chamber 12, the high-temperature incineration chamber 33 and the cooling chamber 34 with the built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface. While facilitating inspection and maintenance, it is also beneficial to clean the metal salts and inorganic salts produced by the high-temperature incineration of heavy metals, metal salts and organic phosphorus and high-nitrogen chemical waste liquids adhering to the fire-preserving belt 2 through the furnace doors 23.

[0044] In order to prevent the metal salts and inorganic salts produced by the high-temperature incineration of heavy metals, metal salts and organic phosphorus and high-nitrogen chemical waste liquid from adhering to the fire-preserving belt 2 and the membrane water-cooled wall 3 and L-screen membrane wall heating surface 24 of the cooling chamber 34 with a built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface, the device is also equipped with a plurality of soot blower interfaces 25. Soot blowing by the soot blower ensures that the metal salts and inorganic salts do not adhere to the fire-preserving belt 2, the membrane water-cooled wall 3, and the L-screen membrane wall heating surface 24, keeps the heating surface clean and unobstructed, and ensures reliable system operation.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gasification incineration boiler containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus-containing high-nitrogen organic waste liquid, characterized in that: It comprises a U-shaped gasification incineration boiler (35) and a cooling chamber (34) with a built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface, wherein the U-shaped gasification incineration boiler (35) and the cooling chamber (34) with a built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface are in an inverted "U" shape, and the tops of the U-shaped gasification incineration boiler (35) and the cooling chamber (34) with a built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface are connected via a connecting flue (29); All furnace walls are membrane water-cooled walls (3); the membrane water-cooled walls (3) of the gasification chamber (32), smoke turning chamber (12) and high-temperature combustion chamber (33) of the U-shaped gasification incineration boiler (35) are all laid with high-density acid- and alkali-resistant refractory castables on the fire side to form a fire-protecting belt (2), and the other side is laid with wall-attached fibers, and a metal protective plate is arranged on the outside; A plurality of groups of L-screen type membrane wall heating surfaces (24) are arranged in the cooling chamber (34) with a built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface.

2. The gasification incineration boiler containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus-containing high-nitrogen organic waste liquid according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The U-shaped gasification and incineration boiler (35) has a gasification chamber (32) on one side and a high-temperature incineration chamber (33) on the other side; the gasification chamber (32) and the high-temperature incineration chamber (33) are separated by a membrane-type water-cooled wall partition (11); the bottom end of the gasification chamber (32) is connected to the bottom end of the high-temperature incineration chamber (33) via a flue gas turning chamber (12); a first ash outlet (13) is provided at the bottom of the flue gas turning chamber (12); the first ash outlet (13) is connected to a double-axis cooler (15) and a water-cooled scraper conveyor (14) at one time via a pipeline.

3. The gasification incineration boiler containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus-containing high-nitrogen organic waste liquid according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A combined burner (36) is provided at the top of the gasification chamber (32) of the U-shaped gasification incineration boiler (35), and a natural gas interface (4), a waste liquid atomization spray gun interface (5), an organic waste gas interface (6) and a primary air interface (7) are provided on the combined burner (36).

4. The gasification incineration boiler containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus-containing high-nitrogen organic waste liquid according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A secondary air distribution component (10) is arranged at the lower part of the gasification chamber (32) of the U-shaped gasification incineration boiler (35); and a tertiary air distribution component (21) is arranged at the lower part of the high-temperature incineration chamber (33) of the U-shaped gasification incineration boiler (35).

5. The gasification incineration boiler containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus-containing high-nitrogen organic waste liquid according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The secondary air distribution assembly (10) and the tertiary air distribution assembly (21) are both composed of a blower, an air duct, a furnace front main pipe, and a plurality of small air ducts arranged on the furnace front main pipe. The plurality of small air ducts are arranged on a single wall or three corresponding walls and are arranged between two tubes of the membrane water-cooled wall (3). The fins between the two tubes of the membrane water-cooled wall (3) have holes for arranging the plurality of small air ducts.

6. The gasification incineration boiler containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus-containing high-nitrogen organic waste liquid according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cooling chamber smoke inlet (26) and the cooling chamber smoke outlet (17) of the cooling chamber (34) with a built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface both adopt a membrane water-cooled wall (3) section with a sparse tube bundle and an anti-wear sleeve tile installed on the windward side.

7. The gasification incineration boiler containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus-containing high-nitrogen organic waste liquid according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Each side of the membrane water-cooled wall (3) furnace wall is provided with an upper header (27) and a lower header (37) on the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface; boiler feed water enters the boiler drum (1) and is distributed to all membrane water-cooled wall heating surface lower headers (37) and L-type heating surface centralized lower headers (19) through centralized downcomers (8) on the left and right sides of the boiler drum (1) in the longitudinal direction and lower header feed water distribution branches (20) connected to the centralized downcomers (8); The heat absorbed by the membrane water-cooled wall (3) generates a steam-water mixture which rises to the upper header (27) of the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface and is then introduced into the boiler drum (1) through the header outlet pipe (31) on the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface. An L-screen heating surface water supply distribution branch header (22) is provided at the lower part of each group of L-screen membrane wall heating surfaces (24). The L-screen heating surface water supply distribution branch header (22) is connected to the L-screen heating surface centralized lower header (19). The steam-water mixture generated by the radiation and convection heat absorption of the heating surface 24 rises to the single group L screen type heating surface centralized header (28), and the single group L screen type heating surface centralized header (28) is directly introduced into the boiler drum (1); the entire boiler is connected through the boiler drum (1), the centralized downcomer (8), the lower header (37) of the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface, the membrane water-cooled wall (3), the header (27) on the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface, the header outlet pipe (31) on the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface, and the L screen type heating surface. The surface centralized lower header (19), the L-type screen heating surface water distribution branch header (22), the L-type screen membrane wall heating surface (24), and the header outlet pipe (31) on the membrane water-cooled wall heating surface form a natural circulation closed circuit. The generated steam-water mixture is separated in the boiler drum (1), and the separated saturated steam is sent to the heat user through the steam outlet of the boiler drum (1) for production use. The separated water is further distributed to each heating surface through the centralized downcomer (8) and continues to circulate.

8. The gasification incineration boiler containing heavy metals, metal salts and phosphorus-containing high-nitrogen organic waste liquid according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Smoke temperature and pressure measuring points, i.e., temperature and pressure measuring points (9), are provided at the smoke outlet sections of the gasification chamber (32), the smoke turning chamber (12), the high-temperature incineration chamber (33), and the cooling chamber (34) with a built-in L-shaped hanging screen heating surface.

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