Display panel and method for providing the same

Abstract

A display panel and a method for providing the display panel are provided. The display panel includes a first base layer, a second base layer facing the first base layer, and between the first base layer and the second base layer, in order from the first base layer: an image display layer providing light, a polarization layer receiving light from the image display layer and transmitting a polarization component of the light toward the second base layer, and a lens layer.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0014503, filed on February 6, 2020, and all benefits obtained from the Korean Patent Application, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to a display panel and a method of manufacturing the display panel. More particularly, the present invention relates to a display panel having improved visibility and low process cost and a method of manufacturing the display panel. Background Art

[0004] Various types of display devices have been used to provide image information. Since liquid crystal display devices have advantages such as low power consumption, liquid crystal display devices are used for large display devices, portable display devices, etc. In liquid crystal display devices, various optical members are added to a backlight unit to improve optical efficiency and color reproducibility. Summary of the invention

[0005] Embodiments of the present invention provide a display panel having improved visibility due to a polarization layer and an optical layer included in the display panel.

[0006] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method of providing a display panel, in which a polarizing layer and an optical layer are disposed within the display panel to simplify the manufacturing process and reduce costs.

[0007] According to an embodiment, a display panel includes: a first base layer; a second base layer facing the first base layer; and between the first base layer and the second base layer in order from the first base layer: an image display layer that provides light; a polarization layer that receives light from the image display layer and transmits a polarization component of the light toward the second base layer; and a lens layer.

[0008] In an embodiment, the polarizing layer may include a wire grid polarizer.

[0009] In an embodiment, the lens layer may include: a lower refractive layer including a plurality of protrusions protruding in an upward direction; and an upper refractive layer having a refractive index different from that of the lower refractive layer. The upper refractive layer may be on the lower refractive layer and may cover a top surface of the lower refractive layer.

[0010] In an embodiment, each of the plurality of protrusions may have a rectangular shape in cross-section.

[0011] In an embodiment, each of the plurality of protrusions may have a trapezoidal shape in cross-section.

[0012] In an embodiment, each of the plurality of protrusions may have a thickness of about 10 micrometers (μm) to about 100 μm in an upward direction.

[0013] In an embodiment, each of the plurality of protrusions may include a top surface and a bottom surface. A width of each of the top surface and the bottom surface may be about 10 μm to about 60 μm.

[0014] In an embodiment, a distance between bottom surfaces of adjacent protrusions among the plurality of protrusions may be about 5 μm to about 30 μm.

[0015] In an embodiment, the polarization layer may include a plurality of wire grid patterns extending in a first direction and spaced apart from each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction.

[0016] In an embodiment, the plurality of protrusions may extend in the second direction and may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction.

[0017] In an embodiment, the refractive index of the lower refractive layer may be equal to or greater than about 1.55 and less than about 1.75. The refractive index of the upper refractive layer may be equal to or greater than about 1.20 and less than about 1.55.

[0018] In an embodiment, the image display layer may include: a first electrode on the first base layer; and a second electrode facing the first electrode and between the first electrode and the second base layer. The image display layer may emit light in a direction from the first electrode toward the second electrode.

[0019] In an embodiment, the display panel may further include a low-refractive layer on the second base layer.

[0020] According to an embodiment, a display panel includes: an image display layer providing light; a polarization layer including a plurality of nano-patterns extending in a first direction and spaced apart from each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction; and a lens layer including a plurality of protrusions extending in the second direction and spaced apart from each other in the first direction.

[0021] In an embodiment, the image display layer may emit light in a light emitting direction, and the polarization layer and the lens layer may be sequentially disposed from the image display layer in the light emitting direction.

[0022] In an embodiment, the lens layer may include: a lower refractive layer including a plurality of protrusions; and an upper refractive layer covering the lower refractive layer and having a refractive index smaller than that of the lower refractive layer.

[0023] According to an embodiment, a method for providing a display panel includes: providing an image display layer on a first base layer; providing a polarizing layer facing the first base layer with the image display layer interposed therebetween; and providing a lens layer facing the image display layer with the polarizing layer interposed therebetween.

[0024] In an embodiment, providing the lens layer may include providing, in order from the first base layer: a lower refractive layer including a plurality of protrusions protruding in an upward direction and an upper refractive layer covering the lower refractive layer. The upper refractive layer may have a refractive index less than that of the lower refractive layer.

[0025] In an embodiment, providing the polarization layer may include providing a plurality of nano-patterns extending in a first direction and spaced apart from each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction. The plurality of protrusions of the lens layer may extend in the second direction and may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction.

[0026] In an embodiment, providing the lens layer may include providing a second base layer on the lens layer.The lens layer and the polarizing layer may be between the first base layer and the second base layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The above and other advantages and features of the present disclosure will become more apparent by further describing the embodiments of the present disclosure in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0028] Figure 1 An exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a display device is shown.

[0029] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a display panel is shown.

[0030] Figure 3A A perspective view showing an embodiment of a polarizing layer of a display panel.

[0031] Figure 3B A cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of a polarizing layer of a display panel is shown.

[0032] Figure 4A A perspective view showing an embodiment of a lens layer of a display panel is shown.

[0033] Figure 4B and Figure 4C A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a lens layer of a display panel is shown.

[0034] Figure 5 Shows Figure 4B An enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion A of an embodiment.

[0035] Figure 6 A top plan view of an embodiment of a display panel is shown.

[0036] Fig. 7A and Figure 7B A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a display panel is shown.

[0037] FIG. 8A to FIG. 8FA cross-sectional view showing a process of an embodiment of a method of providing a display panel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which various embodiments are shown. However, the present invention may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0039] Now, embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In this specification, when a component (or region, layer, part, etc.) is referred to as being associated with another element, such as being on, "connected to" or "coupled to" (multiple) other components, the component may be directly disposed "on" (multiple) other components, directly connected to or directly coupled to (multiple) other components, or at least one intermediate component may exist between them. Conversely, when a component (or region, layer, part, etc.) is referred to as being associated with another element, such as being directly "on" (multiple) other components, "directly connected to" or "directly coupled to" (multiple) other components, there is no intermediate component between them.

[0040] Like numbers indicate like components. In addition, in the drawings, in order to effectively explain the technical contents, the thickness, ratio and size of the components are exaggerated.

[0041] The words used herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, as used herein, "one", "the", "at least one" do not represent a limitation on quantity and are intended to include both the singular and the plural. For example, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, "element" has the same meaning as "at least one element". "At least one" should not be interpreted as being limited to "one" or "one". "Or" means "and / or". The term "and / or" includes one or more combinations defined by the relevant components.

[0042] It will be understood that although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another component. For example, a first component can be referred to as a second component, and vice versa, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is intended to also include the plural form.

[0043] Additionally, the terms "below," "lower," "above," "upper," etc. are used herein to describe one component's relationship to other components as illustrated in the figures. Relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.

[0044] It should be understood that the terms "comprise", "include", "having" and the like are used to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, components, elements or combinations thereof, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, components, elements or combinations thereof.

[0045] As used herein, "about" or "approximately" is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, taking into account the measurement in question and the errors associated with the measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, "about" can mean within one or more standard deviations or within ±30%, ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the stated value.

[0046] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an ideal or overly rigid sense unless expressly defined in this document.

[0047] In this specification, the phrase “component B is directly provided on component A” means that neither an adhesive layer (eg, an intermediate member) nor an adhesive member is provided between component A and component B.

[0048] Embodiments are described herein with reference to schematically illustrated cross-sectional views as ideal embodiments. Thus, variations in the shapes of the illustrations due to, for example, manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances will be expected. Therefore, the embodiments described herein should not be construed as being limited to the specific shapes of the zones as shown herein, but rather include deviations in shapes due to, for example, manufacturing. For example, a zone shown or described as flat may typically have rough and / or nonlinear features. In addition, the sharp angles shown may be rounded. Therefore, the zones shown in the figures are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shapes of the zones, and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0049] There is an increasing demand for display devices having a relatively small thickness and excellent optical characteristics. However, when various optical members are added, such as to improve the display quality of the display device, there is a limit to minimizing the overall thickness of the display device.

[0050] Now, a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] Figure 1 An exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a display device ES is shown. Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a display panel DP of a display device ES is shown. Figure 2 is along Figure 1 A cross section taken along line II'.

[0052] The display device ES may be a large display device for televisions, display monitors, and outdoor billboards. In addition, the display device ES may be a small and medium-sized display device for personal computers, laptop computers, personal digital terminals, car navigation units, game consoles, smart phones, tablet computers, and cameras. These items are presented only as examples, and the display device ES may be adopted for other display devices without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

[0053] The display device ES may include a window WM (e.g., a window member), a display panel DP, and a housing HAU. The display panel DP may include a display element such as a liquid crystal layer or an organic light-emitting display element for generating and / or displaying an image, generating and / or emitting light, etc. Although not shown, the display device ES may include various functional elements activated by electrical signals other than the display element, such as a touch element or a detection element.

[0054] Figure 1 A first direction DR1, a second direction DR2, and a third direction DR3 are shown. Throughout this specification, directions indicated by the first direction DR1 to the third direction DR3 are relative concepts and thus may be changed to other directions.

[0055] In this specification, the third direction DR3 is defined as indicating a direction in which an image is provided and / or light is emitted to the outside of the display device ES. In addition, the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2 may intersect each other, and the third direction DR3 may be a normal direction of a plane defined by the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2. The thickness of the display device ES and its various components may be defined along the third direction DR3. Figure 1 In the embodiment, an image may be provided on a display surface or a display screen in a plane parallel to a plane defined by the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2.

[0056] For the display device ES, the window WM may be provided on the display panel DP, that is, provided on the display panel DP in the direction along which the image is provided to the outside of the display device ES. The window WM may include a material including glass, sapphire, or plastic. The window WM may form an outer surface of the display device ES, but is not limited thereto.

[0057] The window WM includes a see-through area TA through which an image provided from the display panel DP is transmitted to the outside of the display device ES. The window WM also includes a shielding area BA, which is adjacent to the transmission area TA and through which no image passes. Figure 1 Unlike what is shown in FIG. , the window WM may be omitted from the display device ES.

[0058] For the display device ES, the display panel DP may be disposed under the window WM.

[0059] The display panel DP may be a non-emissive display panel. In an embodiment, the display panel DP may be a liquid crystal display panel. The display panel DP may generate and / or display an image by using light provided from a backlight unit (not shown). When the display panel DP is a liquid crystal display panel, the display panel DP may include a liquid crystal layer as a display element. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the display panel DP may be an emissive display panel (e.g., a light-emitting panel). In an embodiment, for example, the display panel DP may be a light-emitting diode ("LED") display panel, an organic electroluminescent display panel, or a quantum dot light-emitting display panel. A light-emitting diode ("LED") display panel may include a light-emitting diode as a display element, an emission layer EML within a display element of an organic electroluminescent display panel may include an organic electroluminescent material, and an emission layer EML within a display element of a quantum dot light-emitting display panel may include a quantum dot or a quantum rod.

[0060] In a top plan view (e.g., in a direction opposite to the third direction DR3), the display panel DP displays an image at a surface defined as a display surface. The display surface includes a display area DA, where an image is displayed, and a non-display area NDA, which is adjacent to the display area DA and does not display an image at the non-display area NDA. In a top plan view, the display area DA may be defined at the center of the display panel DP and may overlap or correspond to the transmission area TA of the window WM.

[0061] The housing HAU may be disposed below the display panel DP and accommodate the display panel DP. The housing HAU may cover the display panel DP except for the display surface so that the display surface or the top surface of the display panel DP farthest along the third direction DR3 is exposed to the outside of the housing HAU. The housing HAU may expose the entire top surface of the display panel DP while covering the side surface and the bottom surface of the display panel DP.

[0062] Although not shown, the display device ES may include a driver chip, a tape carrier package on which the driver chip is mounted, and a printed circuit board electrically connected to the display panel DP through the tape carrier package.

[0063] Reference Figure 2 , the display panel DP includes a first base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL disposed on the first base layer BS, a display layer DP-EL disposed on the circuit layer DP-CL, a polarization layer POL disposed on the display layer DP-EL, a lens layer LP disposed on the polarization layer POL, and a second base layer BL disposed on the lens layer LP. A low-refractive layer (not shown) may be further disposed on the second base layer BL. In an embodiment, the first base layer BS, the circuit layer DP-CL, the display layer DP-EL, the polarization layer POL, the lens layer LP, and the second base layer BL may be sequentially stacked in sequence along the third direction DR3.

[0064] The display layer DP-EL and / or the circuit layer DP-CL may be referred to as an image display layer. That is, in an embodiment, the display panel DP may include, between the first base layer BS and the second base layer BL, in order from the first base layer BS: an image display layer that provides light, a polarization layer POL that receives light from the image display layer and transmits a polarization component of light toward the second base layer BL, and a lens layer LP. The image display layer provides light in a light emitting direction (e.g., a third direction DR3), and the polarization layer POL and the lens layer LP are arranged in order from the image display layer in the light emitting direction.

[0065] The first base layer BS may be a member that provides a base surface on which the display layer DP-EL is disposed. The first base layer BS may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, or a plastic substrate. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and the first base layer BS may be an inorganic material layer, an organic material layer, or a composite material layer.

[0066] In an embodiment, the circuit layer DP-CL may be disposed on the first base layer BS and may include a plurality of transistors (not shown). The transistors (not shown) may each include a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode. In an embodiment, for example, the circuit layer DP-CL may include a driving transistor and a switching transistor for driving an electrode or a display element included in the display layer DP-EL.

[0067] The display layer DP-EL may generate an image, emit light, etc. in response to a drive signal or a control signal (e.g., an electrical signal) received from the circuit layer DP-CL. In an embodiment, when the display panel DP is a liquid crystal display panel, the display layer DP-EL may include a liquid crystal layer. Alternatively, when the display panel DP is an organic electroluminescent display panel, the display layer DP-EL may include an emission layer EML, which includes an organic light-emitting material within the display element.

[0068] The polarization layer POL may be disposed on the display layer DP-EL and may polarize a component of light provided from the display layer DP-EL. The polarization layer POL may have a first transmission axis (not shown) in a first direction. In an embodiment, for example, when the polarization layer POL is provided with light from the display layer DP-EL, the polarization layer POL may transmit only a polarized light component parallel to the first transmission axis. The polarization layer POL may be an in-cell polarization member disposed within the display panel DP.

[0069] The lens layer LP is disposed on the polarization layer POL. When the lens layer LP is provided with light from the display layer DP-EL, the lens layer LP is used to refract the light in a direction different from the upward direction or the third direction DR3. The lens layer LP may be disposed on the display layer DP-EL, and may refract the light provided from the display layer DP-EL in a lateral direction inclined to the upward direction, which may result in improved side visibility. The lateral direction may be defined as having a component along the first base layer BS (such as along the first direction DR1 or the second direction DR2). In an embodiment, the lens layer LP may have a configuration in which a plurality of layers having different refractive indices from each other are combined with each other.

[0070] The second base layer BL is disposed on the lens layer LP. The second base layer BL may be disposed above the first base layer BS (e.g., in a direction along which an image is provided to the outside of the display device ES), and may be a member facing the first base layer BS with other layers of the display panel DP interposed therebetween. The second base layer BL may be a member providing a base surface on which the polarization layer POL and the lens layer LP are disposed. The second base layer BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, or a plastic substrate. However, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and the second base layer BL may be an inorganic material layer, an organic material layer, or a composite material layer.

[0071] The display panel DP according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a display layer DP-EL, a polarization layer POL, and a lens layer LP disposed between a first base layer BS and a second base layer BL facing each other. In an embodiment, for example, the display layer DP-EL, the polarization layer POL, and the lens layer LP may be embedded within the display panel DP to be interposed between the base layers facing each other. This configuration may improve the side visibility of the display panel DP, and may also eliminate the lens layer on the second base layer BL for improving the side visibility of the display panel DP, which may lead to simplification of the manufacturing process and reduction of manufacturing costs.

[0072] Although not shown, the display panel DP may further include an adhesive member between the polarizing layer POL and the lens layer LP and between the second base layer BL and the lens layer LP. The adhesive member may include an adhesive material. The adhesive member may include an optically clear adhesive ("OCA") or a pressure sensitive adhesive ("PSA"). Alternatively, no adhesive layer may be provided between the components so that the lens layer LP may be directly on the polarizing layer POL, and the second base layer BL may be directly on the lens layer LP.

[0073] A low refractive layer (not shown) may also be provided on the second base layer BL. In an embodiment, the display panel DP includes a low refractive layer facing the lens layer LP with the second base layer BL interposed therebetween. Since the low refractive layer has a refractive index less than that of the second base layer BL, when light propagates in an upward direction from the bottom to the top of the second base layer BL (e.g., in the third direction DR3), total reflection may effectively occur at the interface between the low refractive layer and the second base layer BL. Total reflection may result in an increase in the extraction efficiency of light propagating in the upward direction.

[0074] Figure 3A A perspective view is shown, and Figure 3B A cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of a polarization layer POL of a display panel DP is shown. The polarization layer POL may be a built-in polarization member included in the display panel DP.

[0075] Reference Figure 3A and Figure 3B The polarization layer POL may be a wire grid polarizer. The polarization layer POL may include a third base layer BSL and a wire grid pattern WGP (eg, a plurality of wire grid patterns WGP) disposed in plurality on the third base layer BSL.

[0076] The third base layer BSL may include an optically transparent material, for example, a silicon substrate. The third base layer BSL may be a member providing a base surface on which a plurality of wire grid patterns WGP are disposed. The third base layer BSL may include an inorganic material layer, an organic material layer, or a composite material layer. In an embodiment, the third base layer BSL may be omitted.

[0077] A plurality of wire grating patterns WGP may extend along a first direction DR1, respectively, and may be spaced apart from each other along a second direction DR2 intersecting the first direction DR1. A plurality of wire grating patterns WGP may have a plurality of plate shapes that are elongated along the first direction DR1 and spaced apart at intervals along the second direction DR2. A plurality of wire grating patterns WGP may each have a nanometer-scale width along the second direction DR2, and a nanometer-scale interval may be provided between wire grating patterns WGP that are adjacent to each other along the second direction DR2. A plurality of wire grating patterns WGP may be referred to as a plurality of nano-patterns. The display panel DP may include a plurality of nano-patterns that extend along the first direction DR1 and are spaced apart from each other along a second direction DR2 intersecting the first direction DR1.

[0078] Each of the plurality of wire grid patterns WGP may include metal. In an embodiment, each of the plurality of wire grid patterns WGP may include aluminum.

[0079] The polarization layer POL can polarize light incident through the plurality of wire grid patterns WGP. In an embodiment, for example, when light is incident on the wire grid pattern WGP, the metal property of the wire grid pattern WGP can reflect an S wave which is a polarized light component parallel to the first direction DR1 or the extension direction of the wire grid pattern WGP, and can transmit a P wave which is a polarized light component parallel to the second direction DR2 perpendicular to the extension direction of the wire grid pattern WGP and is considered to be an effective refractive medium.

[0080] Figure 4A A perspective view is shown, and Figure 4B and Figure 4C A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a lens layer LP of a display panel DP is shown.

[0081] Reference Figure 4A and Figure 4B , the lens layer LP has a configuration in which a plurality of layers having different refractive indices from each other are combined with each other. The lens layer LP includes a lower refractive layer LL1 (e.g., a first refractive layer) and an upper refractive layer LL2 (e.g., a second refractive layer). The upper refractive layer LL2 may be disposed on and combined with the lower refractive layer LL1. In an embodiment, the lens layer LP includes, in order from the first base layer BS to the second base layer BL: a lower refractive layer LL1 having a refractive index and including a plurality of protrusions PP protruding toward the second base layer BL (e.g., in a direction away from the first base layer BS) and an upper refractive layer LL2 having a refractive index different from that of the lower refractive layer LL1 and covering the lower refractive layer LL1.

[0082] The lower refractive layer LL1 and the upper refractive layer LL2 have different refractive indices from each other. In an embodiment, the lower refractive layer LL1 may have a refractive index greater than that of the upper refractive layer LL2. In an embodiment, for example, the lower refractive layer LL1 may have a refractive index equal to or greater than about 1.55 and less than about 1.75. The upper refractive layer LL2 may have a refractive index equal to or greater than about 1.20 and less than about 1.55.

[0083] The lower refractive layer LL1 may include a base layer BA and a plurality of protrusions PP (eg, a plurality of protrusions PP) protruding from the base layer BA. That is, the base layer BA is common to each of the plurality of protrusions PP and defines a common plane ( Figure 4B ). A plurality of protrusions PP may be provided on the base layer BA, and each may have a shape protruding along the third direction DR3.

[0084] The upper refractive layer LL2 may have a shape or profile corresponding to that of the plurality of protrusions PP included in the lower refractive layer LL1, and may be combined with the lower refractive layer LL1. The upper refractive layer LL2 may cover the top surface of the lower refractive layer LL1. The upper refractive layer LL2 may cover the top surface and side surfaces of the plurality of protrusions PP included in the lower refractive layer LL1, and may also cover an exposed area of ​​the bottom layer BA between the plurality of protrusions PP.

[0085] Reference Figure 4C , the lens layer LP-1 has a configuration in which a plurality of layers having different refractive indices are combined with each other. The lens layer LP-1 includes a lower refractive layer LL1-1 (e.g., a first refractive layer) and an upper refractive layer LL2-1 (e.g., a second refractive layer). The upper refractive layer LL2-1 may be disposed on and combined with the lower refractive layer LL1-1. The lower refractive layer LL1-1 may include a base layer BA-1 and a plurality of protrusions PP-1 (e.g., a plurality of protrusions PP-1) protruding from the base layer BA-1. That is, the base layer BA-1 is common to each of the plurality of protrusions PP-1 and defines a common plane ( Figure 4C ). A plurality of protrusions PP-1 may be provided on the base layer BA-1, and each may have a shape protruding along the third direction DR3.

[0086] Each of the plurality of protrusions PP may have a trapezoidal shape in cross section (see Figure 4A and Figure 4B ). Alternatively, in an embodiment, each of the plurality of protrusions PP-1 may have a rectangular shape in cross section (see Figure 4CEach of the plurality of protrusions PP may have, but is not limited to, a certain cross-sectional shape as long as the shape can increase side visibility by allowing light incident on the lens layer LP to undergo refraction at an interface between the lower refractive layer LL1 and the upper refractive layer LL2.

[0087] The plurality of protrusions PP may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction DR1 and elongated in a second direction DR2 intersecting the first direction DR1. In an embodiment, for example, each of the plurality of protrusions PP may have a plurality of protrusions PP extending in a direction parallel to the polarization layer POL (see FIG. Figure 3A ) includes a plurality of wire grid patterns WGP (see Figure 3A ) is elongated in a second direction DR2 intersecting a first direction DR1 of an extension direction of the wire grid pattern WGP. Since the polarized light passing through the polarization layer POL includes a polarized light component parallel to a direction intersecting an extension direction of the wire grid pattern WGP, when the plurality of wire grid patterns WGP are elongated to intersect with the plurality of protrusions PP included in the lens layer LP, the plurality of protrusions PP may refract the light polarized by the lens layer LP, and thus the visibility may be improved.

[0088] Figure 5 Shows Figure 4B An enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion A of an embodiment. Figure 5 Focus on Figure 4B The lower refractive layer LL1 depicted in FIG.

[0089] Reference Figure 5 , each of the plurality of protrusions PP may have a trapezoidal shape in cross section and may include a top surface UD farthest from the bottom layer BA, a bottom surface LD closest to or shared with the bottom layer BA, and a side surface SD connecting the top surface UD to the bottom surface LD. The top surface UD and the bottom surface LD may face each other and may have a planar shape. The bottom surface LD may be coplanar with a common plane defined by the bottom layer BA. The side surface SD may be an inclined surface connecting the top surface UD and the bottom surface LD to each other.

[0090] Each of the plurality of protrusions PP may have a thickness H1 (e.g., height) in an upward direction or a third direction DR3 (e.g., in a direction from the first base layer BS to the second base layer BL). The thickness H1 may be in a range from about 10 micrometers (μm) to about 100 μm. The top surface UD of each of the plurality of protrusions PP may have an upper width U1 in the first direction DR1, and the upper width U1 may be in a range from about 10 μm to about 60 μm. That is, each of the upper width U1 of the top surface UD and the lower width W1 of the bottom surface LD may be in a range from about 10 μm to about 60 μm. The bottom surface LD of each of the plurality of protrusions PP may have a lower width W1 in the first direction DR1, and the lower width W1 may be in a range from about 10 μm to about 60 μm. In an embodiment, each of the plurality of protrusions PP includes a top surface UD farthest from the first base layer BS and having an upper width U1 along the first base layer BS, and a bottom surface LD closest to the first base layer BS and having a lower width W1 along the first base layer BS.

[0091] The plurality of protrusions PP may be spaced apart from each other by a spacing distance S1 (e.g., distance) along the first direction DR1 at the lower width W1, and the spacing distance S1 may be in a range from about 5 μm to about 30 μm. In an embodiment, adjacent protrusions among the plurality of protrusions PP include bottom surfaces spaced apart from each other by a distance, and the distance between the bottom surfaces of the adjacent protrusions may be in a range from about 5 μm to about 30 μm. Since the plurality of protrusions PP have a thickness H1, an upper width U1, a lower width W1, and a spacing distance S1 satisfying the ranges described above, the lens layer LP including the plurality of protrusions PP may be disposed or formed by photolithography and may be used to obtain a portion of the lens layer LP from the display layer DP-EL (see FIG. 1 ) by refraction. Figure 2 ) to improve side visibility.

[0092] Table 1 below lists simulation results of visibility, contrast, and brightness obtained from an embodiment of a display panel DP to which a lens layer LP including a protrusion pattern satisfying the above-described range is applied and from a comparative example of a comparative display panel to which a film type lens is applied.

[0093] In Table 1, Example 1 shows the results obtained from the protrusion patterns of the lens layers LP each having a thickness H1 of about 8 μm, an upper width U1 of about 3 μm, a lower width W1 of about 5 μm, and a spacing distance S1 of about 2 micrometers. Example 2 shows the results obtained from the protrusion patterns of the lens layers LP each having a thickness H1 of about 4 μm, an upper width U1 of about 1.5 μm, a lower width W1 of about 2.5 μm, and a spacing distance S1 of about 1 μm. Comparative Example 1 shows the results obtained from the protrusion patterns of the comparative lens films each having a thickness H1 of about 16 μm, an upper width U1 of about 6 μm, a lower width W1 of about 10 μm, and a spacing distance S1 of about 4 μm.

[0094]

Table 1

[0095] Classification Comparative Example 1 Example 1 Example 2 Visibility (GDI) 0.15 0.15 0.15 Contrast Ratio (CR) 2490 2490 2490 White brightness (nit) 349 349 349 Black brightness (nit) 0.14 0.14 0.14

[0096] Referring to the results in Table 1, since one or more embodiments of the lens layer LP include a protrusion pattern satisfying the above-described range, the lens layer LP can have visibility, contrast, and brightness improved to the same extent as those of a conventional film-type lens (graphic display interface, "GDI"), contrast ("CR"), and brightness. Since one or more embodiments of the lens layer LP include a protrusion pattern having a scale of about half or one quarter of that of a conventional film-type lens, it can be determined that the display panel DP includes therein a protrusion pattern formed by photolithography.

[0097] Figure 6 A top plan view of an embodiment of a display panel DP is shown. Figure 6 A planar arrangement relationship between the pixels PX11 to PXnm and the signal lines GL1 to GLn and DL1 to DLm is shown. The signal lines GL1 to GLn and DL1 to DLm may include a plurality of gate lines GL1 to GLn and a plurality of data lines DL1 to DLm.

[0098] Each of the pixels PX11 to PXnm is connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of gate lines GL1 to GLn and a corresponding one of the plurality of data lines DL1 to DLm. Each of the pixels PX11 to PXnm may include a pixel driver circuit and an emission member (e.g., a light emission layer or an image emission layer). Based on the configuration of the pixel driver circuit, the display panel DP may also include various signal lines.

[0099] The pixels PX11 to PXnm may be arranged in a matrix shape, but are not limited thereto. The pixels PX11 to PXnm may be arranged in a pentile shape. The pixels PX11 to PXnm may be arranged in a rhombus shape.

[0100] The gate driver circuit GDC may be disposed in the non-display area NDA. The gate driver circuit GDC may be integrated on the display panel DP, such as by an oxide silicon gate driver circuit ("OSG") process or an amorphous silicon gate driver circuit ("ASG") process.

[0101] Fig. 7A and Figure 7B A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a display panel DP is shown. Fig. 7A An example is shown in which a liquid crystal display panel is adopted as the display panel DP. Figure 7B An example in which an organic light emitting display panel is adopted as the display panel DP-1 is shown. Fig. 7A and Figure 7B In the following embodiments shown in FIG. 1 , the same constructions as those discussed above are assigned the same reference numerals, and their detailed descriptions will be omitted. In the following embodiments, the descriptions about the polarization layer POL, the lens layer LP, the first base layer BS, and the second base layer BL are applicable to the polarization layer POL, the lens layer LP, the first base layer BS, and the second base layer BL as the upper polarization layer.

[0102] Reference Fig. 7A , the display panel DP may include a first base layer BS and a second base layer BL facing each other, and may further include a liquid crystal layer LCL disposed between the first base layer BS and the second base layer BL facing each other. A lower polarization layer POL-1, a common electrode CE, a pixel electrode PE, a color filter layer CFL, a circuit layer CL, an upper polarization layer (e.g., a polarization layer POL), and a lens layer LP may be further disposed between the first base layer BS and the second base layer BL. In addition, an alignment layer (not shown) may be further included to align liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer LCL.

[0103] The lower polarizing layer POL-1 may be disposed on the first base layer BS of the display panel DP. The lower polarizing layer POL-1 may be a built-in polarizer disposed between the first base layer BS and the liquid crystal layer LCL. The lower polarizing layer POL-1 may be a coating-type polarizing layer or a deposition-type polarizing layer formed by deposition. The lower polarizing layer POL-1 may be disposed or formed by coating a material including a dichroic dye and a liquid crystal material. Alternatively, the lower polarizing layer POL-1 may be a wire grid polarizer. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the lower polarizing layer POL-1 may be provided in the form of a polarizing film disposed below the first base layer BS.

[0104] The common electrode CE may be disposed on the first base layer BS. The common electrode CE and the pixel electrode PE formed on the second base layer BL may generate an electric field together to control the liquid crystal layer LCL. The common electrode CE may include a transparent conductive material or be formed of a transparent conductive material. The common electrode CE may include, for example, a conductive metal oxide such as indium tin oxide ("ITO"), indium zinc oxide ("IZO"), or indium tin zinc oxide ("ITZO") or be formed thereof. An alignment layer (not shown) may be disposed on the common electrode CE.

[0105] The pixel electrode PE may be arranged to face the common electrode CE with the liquid crystal layer LCL interposed therebetween. The pixel electrode PE may be between the liquid crystal layer LCL and the color filter layer CFL. The pixel electrode PE includes a transparent conductive material or is formed of a transparent conductive material. In an embodiment, for example, the pixel electrode PE includes a transparent conductive oxide or is formed of a transparent conductive oxide. The transparent conductive oxide may be indium tin oxide ("ITO"), indium zinc oxide ("IZO"), indium tin zinc oxide ("ITZO"), etc.

[0106] The color filter layer CFL may include a plurality of filters CF1 and CF2 that transmit light having different wavelength ranges from each other. A light blocking pattern BM may be further disposed between adjacent filters in the plurality of filters CF1 and CF2. The light blocking pattern BM may be disposed to overlap a boundary BRL between adjacent filters in the plurality of filters CF1 and CF2.

[0107] The circuit layer CL may include a thin film transistor including a gate electrode, a gate dielectric layer, a semiconductor pattern, a source electrode, and a drain electrode. The thin film transistor may be connected to the pixel electrode PE.

[0108] Although not shown, when a liquid crystal display panel is used as the display panel DP, a backlight unit may be disposed under the display panel DP. The backlight unit may include a light source that generates light and a light guide plate that guides a propagation direction of the light. The light source may be disposed on one side of the light guide plate, and the light guide plate may guide the light to allow the light generated from the light source to travel toward the display panel DP.

[0109] Reference Figure 7B , the display panel DP-1 may include a circuit layer CL disposed on the first base layer BS, a light emitting element layer LED disposed on the circuit layer CL, an encapsulation member TFE disposed on the light emitting element layer LED, and a filling layer BFL disposed on the encapsulation member TFE. In addition, the display panel DP-1 may include a second base layer BL, and may further include a lens layer LP, an upper polarization layer (e.g., a polarization layer POL), a color filter layer CFL, and a light control layer CCL sequentially disposed below the second base layer BL.

[0110] In an embodiment, the light emitting element layer LED of the display panel DP-1 may include a plurality of light emitting elements, each light emitting element overlapping a pixel area and having a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, an emission layer EML, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in sequence. The pixel area may be a planar area that emits light and / or displays an image. The peripheral area may be a planar area that does not emit light and / or does not display an image. In an embodiment, the pixel area and the peripheral area may be in the pixel described above.

[0111] The emission layer EML may have an integral shape, may be commonly disposed on a plurality of pixel regions, and may extend to a peripheral region. The emission layer EML may generate a first light. In an embodiment, for example, the emission layer EML may generate blue light. Although not shown, each light-emitting element may have an emission layer EML that overlaps with the pixel region and does not overlap with the peripheral region. Here, the light-emitting elements corresponding to the pixel regions may generate light having different colors from each other.

[0112] The encapsulation member TFE is disposed on the light emitting element layer LED and encapsulates the light emitting element layer LED. The encapsulation member TFE may include an inorganic layer IL disposed at the outermost position (e.g., farthest from the first base layer BS). The encapsulation member TFE may also include an organic layer OL, or may have a structure in which a plurality of inorganic layers IL and organic layers OL are alternately and repeatedly disposed. The encapsulation member TFE may protect the light emitting element layer LED from moisture, oxygen, and foreign matter such as dust particles.

[0113] In an embodiment, the inorganic layer IL may include but is not limited to a certain material as long as the material can protect the underlying light emitting element layer LED. In an embodiment, for example, the inorganic layer IL may include silicon nitride (SiN x ). The organic layer OL may include an acrylate-based organic material, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The inorganic layer IL may be disposed or formed by deposition, and the organic layer OL may be disposed or formed by deposition or coating.

[0114] Figure 7B An example is shown in which the encapsulation member TFE includes one organic layer OL and one inorganic layer IL, but the encapsulation member TFE may include a plurality of organic layers OL and a plurality of inorganic layers IL. In an embodiment, for example, the encapsulation member TFE may have a configuration in which two of the inorganic layers IL are disposed facing each other on both sides of one of the organic layers OL.

[0115] The light control layer CCL may be included in the display panel DP-1. The light control layer CCL may be disposed on the light emitting element layer LED. The light control layer CCL may be disposed on a plurality of light emitting elements and may face the encapsulation member TFE across the filling layer BFL.

[0116] The light control layer CCL may include a transmission portion TP (e.g., a transmission pattern) that allows the first light to pass therethrough, a first optical conversion portion CCP1 (e.g., a first optical conversion pattern) that converts the first light into the second light, and a second optical conversion portion CCP2 (e.g., a second optical conversion pattern) that converts the first light into the third light. In an embodiment, for example, the second light may be red light, and the third light may be green light.

[0117] The first optical conversion part CCP1 and the second optical conversion part CCP2 may each include a luminescent substance. The luminescent substance may be a particle that changes the wavelength of light incident to the pattern. In an embodiment, the luminescent substance included in the first optical conversion part CCP1 and the second optical conversion part CCP2 may be a quantum dot.

[0118] The light control layer CCL may include a base resin and a luminescent substance. The light control layer CCL may also include scattering particles that scatter light. The luminescent substance and the scattering particles may be included in each of the first optical conversion part CCP1, the second optical conversion part CCP2, and the transmission part TP of the light control layer CCL. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the luminescent substance and the scattering particles may be included in a portion of the light control layer CCL.

[0119] As discussed above, the light control layer CCL may include first and second optical conversion parts CCP1, CCP2, and transmissive parts TP which may be disposed spaced apart from each other in a plan view and in a direction along the first base layer BS.

[0120] The plane area may be defined as a product of a size in the first direction DR1 and a size in the second direction DR2 . Figure 7B It means that the first optical conversion part CCP1, the second optical conversion part CCP2, and the transmission part TP have the same plane area and / or the same thickness as each other, but are not limited thereto and may have different plane areas and / or different thicknesses.

[0121] The partition wall BP may be disposed between the first optical conversion part CCP1 and the second optical conversion part CCP2 and between the second optical conversion part CCP2 and the transmission part TP. In a top plan view, the partition wall BP may overlap with the peripheral area. The partition wall BP may reduce or effectively prevent light leakage and may divide a boundary between the first optical conversion part CCP1, the second optical conversion part CCP2, and the transmission part TP. The partition wall BP may include an organic light-shielding material and may include a black pigment or dye as a light-blocking material.

[0122] The color filter layer CFL may be disposed on the light-controlling layer CCL. The color filter layer CFL may include a light-shielding pattern BM, a first color filter R-CFP, a second color filter G-CFP, and a third color filter B-CFP.

[0123] In a top plan view, the first color filter R-CFP, the second color filter G-CFP, and the third color filter B-CFP may be arranged spaced apart from each other. The first color filter R-CFP may be arranged to correspond to the first optical conversion part CCP1, and may block the first light and the third light while allowing the second light to pass through. The second color filter G-CFP may be arranged to correspond to the second optical conversion part CCP2, and may block the first light and the second light while allowing the third light to pass through. The third color filter B-CFP may be arranged to correspond to the transmission part TP, and may block the second light and the third light while allowing the first light to pass through. The first color filter R-CFP may include a red material, the second color filter G-CFP may include a green material, and the third color filter B-CFP may include a blue material. Since the display panel DP-1 includes the color filter layer CFL, the display panel DP-1 can effectively reduce external light reflection and can reduce or effectively prevent color mixing.

[0124] The light shielding pattern BM may be disposed to correspond to the peripheral area. The light shielding pattern BM may include or be formed of an organic or inorganic light shielding material such as a black pigment or dye. In an embodiment, the light shielding pattern BM may be included in the color filter layer CFL, or the light shielding pattern BM may be omitted.

[0125] The filling layer BFL may be disposed between the encapsulation member TFE and the light-controlling layer CCL. Since the filling layer BFL is disposed between the encapsulation member TFE and the light-controlling layer CCL, the filling layer BFL may reduce or effectively prevent the light-controlling layer CCL from contacting the encapsulation member TFE, and may increase the light extraction efficiency of the display panel DP-1.

[0126] The filling layer BFL may fill the gap defined between the encapsulation member TFE and the light control layer CCL. The phrase "the filling layer BFL may fill the gap between the encapsulation member TFE and the light control layer CCL" may mean that the filling layer BFL may contact the encapsulation member TFE and the light control layer CCL so that no internal space is left between the encapsulation member TFE and the light control layer CCL. When in contact, the elements may form an interface between them. The filling layer BFL may reduce or effectively prevent the luminescent material and / or scattering particles included in the light control layer CCL from being oxidized by air. Accordingly, the display panel DP-1 may maintain light extraction efficiency. However, in an embodiment, the filling layer BFL may be omitted from the display panel DP-1. Here, an air layer may be provided or formed between the encapsulation member TFE and the light control layer CCL. The filling layer BFL may include an inorganic binder, an organic binder, or a liquid crystal material.

[0127] The first cover layer CAP1 and the second cover layer CAP2 may be included in the display panel DP-1. The first cover layer CAP1 and the second cover layer CAP2 may both be disposed between the light control layer CCL and the filling layer BFL, and / or between the light control layer CCL and the color filter layer CFL. In an embodiment, for example, the first cover layer CAP1 may be on the top surface of the light control layer CCL or between the light control layer CCL and the color filter layer CFL, and the second cover layer CAP2 may be on the bottom surface of the light control layer CCL or between the light control layer CCL and the filling layer BFL. The first cover layer CAP1 and the second cover layer CAP2 may include or be formed of an inorganic material. The first cover layer CAP1 and the second cover layer CAP2 may be disposed to surround and protect the light control layer CCL.

[0128] A method of manufacturing the display panel DP will be discussed below.

[0129] FIG. 8A to FIG. 8F A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a method for manufacturing a display panel DP is shown. FIG. 8A to FIG. 8F In explaining the following method of manufacturing the display panel DP, the same components as those discussed above are assigned the same reference numerals, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0130] Reference FIG. 8A to FIG. 8F , the method of manufacturing the display panel DP includes providing or forming a display layer DP-EL on a first base layer BS, providing or forming a built-in polarization layer (e.g., a polarization layer POL) on the display layer DP-EL, and performing a photolithography process to provide or form a lens layer LP on the polarization layer POL.

[0131] Reference Fig. 8AIn the display panel manufacturing method, a circuit layer DP-CL and a display layer DP-EL may be sequentially arranged or formed on a first base layer BS. The first base layer BS may provide a base surface on which the circuit layer DP-CL and the display layer DP-EL are arranged or formed. The circuit layer DP-CL and the display layer DP-EL may be appropriately selected based on the type of the display panel DP.

[0132] Reference Figure 8B , the display panel manufacturing method includes providing or forming a polarizing layer POL. The polarizing layer POL may be disposed or formed on a first base layer FL. The first base layer FL may provide a base surface on which the polarizing layer POL is disposed or formed. In an embodiment, the first base layer FL may be the uppermost layer included in the display layer DP-EL of the display panel DP. Alternatively, the first base layer FL on which the polarizing layer POL is disposed or formed may be a layer included in the lens layer LP of the display panel DP.

[0133] The polarization layer POL may include a third base layer BSL and a plurality of wire grid patterns WGP disposed or formed on the third base layer BSL. The plurality of wire grid patterns WGP may be disposed or formed by depositing a metal material layer such as an aluminum layer, and then patterning the metal material layer to provide a plurality of wire grid patterns WGP having nanometer-level intervals therebetween. The polarization layer POL may be disposed or formed to include a plurality of wire grid patterns WGP, and the third base layer BSL may be omitted. In an embodiment, for example, a plurality of wire grid patterns WGP may be directly disposed or formed on a first root base layer FL providing a base surface. The plurality of wire grid patterns WGP may be disposed or formed to be elongated along a first direction DR1 while being spaced apart from each other along a second direction DR2.

[0134] Reference Figure 8C , the display panel manufacturing method includes providing or forming a lens layer LP. The lens layer LP may be disposed or formed on a second base layer FL-1. The second base layer FL-1 may provide a base surface on which the lens layer LP is disposed or formed. In an embodiment, for example, the second base layer FL-1 may be a polarization layer POL of the display panel DP. Alternatively, the second base layer FL-1 on which the lens layer LP is disposed or formed may be a second base layer BL of the display panel DP.

[0135] FIG. 8C to FIG. 8EAn embodiment is shown in which the lower refractive layer LL1 and the upper refractive layer LL2 of the lens layer LP are sequentially stacked on the second root base layer FL-1. When the second root base layer FL-1 is the second base layer BL, the lower refractive layer LL1 and the upper refractive layer LL2 may be disposed or formed in a reverse order. In an embodiment, for example, the upper refractive layer LL2 may be first disposed or formed on the second root base layer FL-1, and thereafter, the lower refractive layer LL1 may be disposed or formed on the upper refractive layer LL2.

[0136] The lens layer LP may be disposed or formed by photolithography. Figure 8C , a photoresist may be used to provide or form a preliminary refractive material layer LL1-P on the second base layer FL-1. A mask MK may be disposed on the preliminary refractive material layer LL1-P, and then light (indicated by "L") may be used to pattern the preliminary refractive material layer LL1-P and provide a lower refractive layer LL1.

[0137] Reference Fig. 8E , a polymer resin may be disposed on the lower refractive layer LL1, thereby providing or forming the upper refractive layer LL2 on the lower refractive layer LL1. The formation order of the lower refractive layer LL1 and the upper refractive layer LL2 may be changed based on what layer provides the second root base layer FL-1.

[0138] The lower refractive layer LL1 may be disposed or formed to include a plurality of protrusions PP spaced apart from each other in the first direction DR1 and elongated in a second direction DR2 intersecting the first direction DR1 (see FIG. 1 ). Figure 4B ). In an embodiment, for example, each of the plurality of protrusions PP may be disposed or formed to be elongated in a second direction DR2 intersecting a first direction DR1 that is an extension direction of a plurality of wire grid patterns WGP included in the polarization layer POL.

[0139] Reference Figure 8F , the display panel manufacturing method may include combining the first base layer BS and the second base layer BL to face each other and to provide the display layer DP-EL, the polarization layer POL, and the lens layer LP therebetween. In the display panel manufacturing method, the polarization layer POL for light polarization and the lens layer LP for visibility improvement may be disposed or formed between the first base layer BS and the second base layer BL, or disposed or formed to be embedded in the display panel DP, which may lead to simplification of the manufacturing process and reduction of the manufacturing cost.

[0140] According to one or more embodiments, since the polarization layer POL and the lens layer LP for improving visibility are disposed within the display panel DP, visibility can be improved and the polarizer and lens film separated from the display panel DP can be omitted, and as a result, the manufacturing process can be simplified and can have reduced cost.

[0141] Although the embodiments have been described with reference to several illustrative examples thereof, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.

[0142] Therefore, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited by the above-described embodiments and examples but by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A display panel, comprising: First base layer; a second base layer, facing the first base layer; as well as Between the first base layer and the second base layer, in order from the first base layer: An image display layer, providing light; a polarizing layer that receives the light from the image display layer and transmits a polarized component of the light toward the second base layer, wherein the polarizing layer includes a plurality of wire grid patterns extending in a first direction and spaced apart from each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction; as well as A lens layer, wherein the lens layer comprises, in order from the first base layer to the second base layer: a lower refractive layer having a refractive index and comprising a plurality of protrusions protruding toward the second base layer, wherein the plurality of protrusions of the lens layer extend along the second direction and are spaced apart from each other along the first direction; as well as The upper refractive layer has a refractive index different from the refractive index of the lower refractive layer.

2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein: The upper refractive layer covers the lower refractive layer.

3. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the plurality of protrusions has a rectangular shape in cross-section.

4. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the plurality of protrusions has a trapezoidal shape in cross section.

5. The display panel according to claim 4, wherein: Each of the plurality of protrusions has a thickness in a direction from the first base layer to the second base layer, and The thickness is 10 micrometers to 100 micrometers.

6. The display panel according to claim 3, wherein: Each of the plurality of protrusions comprises: a top surface farthest from the first base layer and having an upper width along the first base layer; and a bottom surface closest to the first base layer and having a lower width along the first base layer, and Each of the upper width of the top surface and the lower width of the bottom surface is 10 micrometers to 60 micrometers.

7. The display panel according to claim 6, wherein: Adjacent protrusions among the plurality of protrusions include bottom surfaces spaced a distance apart from each other, and The distance is 5 micrometers to 30 micrometers.

8. A method for providing a display panel, the method comprising: providing an image display layer on the first base layer; providing a polarizing layer facing the first base layer, wherein the image display layer is interposed between the polarizing layer and the first base layer, wherein the polarizing layer includes a plurality of wire grid patterns extending in a first direction and spaced apart from each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction; as well as Providing a lens layer facing the image display layer, wherein the polarizing layer is interposed between the lens layer and the image display layer, wherein the lens layer comprises: a lower refractive layer having a refractive index and including a plurality of protrusions protruding in an upward direction, wherein the plurality of protrusions of the lens layer extend along the second direction and are spaced apart from each other along the first direction; as well as An upper refractive layer has a refractive index different from the refractive index of the lower refractive layer and covers a top surface of the lower refractive layer.

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