A potato harvester

Abstract

The present invention discloses a potato harvester, which includes a first frame and a second frame. A bottom beam is fixedly arranged inside the bottom of the first frame, and a plurality of plowshare assemblies with adjustable positions are sleeved on the bottom beam. Wheels are rotatably installed on both sides of the first frame. Vibration transmission assemblies are fixedly installed at both ends of the bottom beam, and the power output ends of the vibration transmission assemblies are movably connected with vibration separation assemblies. A conveying device is arranged on one side of the second frame close to the first frame. A number of uniformly distributed strip-shaped material grooves are arranged on the conveying device. An inclined material collecting groove is arranged below the top end of the conveying device on the side far from the first frame. Below the discharge end of the material collecting groove, a spiral material screening assembly is rotatably installed on the second frame and is in transmission connection with the conveying device. The structure of the present invention is simple. By adopting a hierarchical separation method, it can realize the mechanized continuous harvesting of potatoes while realizing the pulverizing plowing of the soil, which is convenient for the picking of potatoes and the planting of later crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly to a potato harvester. Background Art

[0002] Potatoes are one of the important economic crops in China. Since potatoes grow under the soil and have tubers, there are many difficulties in their harvesting. The traditional harvesting method not only has low efficiency, but also cannot guarantee the quality and yield. To a certain extent, this has restricted the development of potatoes. The potato harvester uses a small tractor popularized in rural areas as the power source. The potatoes are dug out and then picked up manually, which can ensure a certain production capacity and efficiency.

[0003] Generally, the existing potato harvesters on the market do not have a screening device for soil and potatoes, and only rely on the gaps on the elevating chain to leak out the soil. When the soil humidity is high, the soil shoveled out together with the potatoes will form lumps, and the lumpy soil is not easy to separate from the potatoes; a certain amount of soil will also be wrapped on the surface of the potatoes. Simply relying on the vibration of the elevating chain, it is very difficult to shake off the soil adhering to the surface of the potatoes; and because potatoes are usually irregular ellipsoids, they are not easy to roll during the conveying process. Using a single vibration separation method is likely to cause the separation effect of the soil on one side to be not very good, and the pointed end of the potato is easy to get stuck in the gap, resulting in serious damage to the epidermis and affecting subsequent harvesting. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a potato harvester with a simple structure. While realizing the mechanized continuous harvesting of potatoes, it can effectively complete the shock crushing of large soil clods, the screening and separation of the soil wrapped between potatoes, and the rolling separation of the soil wrapped on the surface of potatoes. Adopting a hierarchical separation method, it can realize the pulverized soil covering the ground surface and complete the plowing operation of the surface soil. At the same time, the potatoes separated from the soil are scattered on the surface of the soil or stored in the harvester, which is convenient for the picking of potatoes and the planting of subsequent crops.

[0005] To achieve the above effects, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A potato harvester includes a first frame and a second frame fixedly hung at the rear end of the first frame. A bottom beam is fixedly arranged inside the bottom of the first frame. A plurality of plowshare assemblies with adjustable positions are sleeved on the bottom beam. Wheels are rotatably installed on both sides of the first frame. Vibration transmission components coaxially fixed with the wheels are fixedly installed at both ends of the bottom beam. The power output end of the vibration transmission component is movably connected with a vibration separation component rotatably installed at the rear end of the first frame;

[0007] A conveying device connected to the wheel transmission is arranged on one side of the second frame close to the first frame, and a plurality of evenly distributed strip material troughs are arranged on the conveying device;

[0008] A material collecting trough fixedly mounted on the second frame and inclined is arranged below the top end of the conveying device away from the first frame, and a spiral screening assembly rotatably mounted on the second frame and transmission-connected to the conveying device is arranged below the discharge end of the material collecting trough.

[0009] Furthermore, the plowshare assembly includes a positioning sleeve sleeved on the outside of the bottom beam, and a plowshare fixedly connected to the outer surface of the positioning sleeve, and the positioning sleeve is fastened to the bottom beam by a locking screw.

[0010] Furthermore, the vibration transmission assembly includes a cam and a push rod movably connected to the inner wall of the side plate, and the inner side of the end of the push rod is rotatably connected to a roller movably embedded in the side surface of the cam.

[0011] Furthermore, cam-shaped driving grooves are symmetrically provided on both side surfaces of the cam, the roller is located in the driving groove, and the outer circumferential surface of the roller is in rolling contact with the groove wall of the driving groove;

[0012] A guide plate is fixedly arranged on one side of the push rod, a guide groove is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the side plate, and the guide plate is slidably inserted in the guide groove.

[0013] Furthermore, the vibration separation assembly includes a rocker arm rotatably connected to the inner wall of the side plate, and a swing beam fixed between the two ends of the rocker arm. One end of the rocker arm away from the swing beam is slidably connected to the power output end of the vibration transmission assembly, and a plurality of evenly inclined separation rods are fixedly connected to the top of the swing beam.

[0014] Furthermore, a shaft end on one side of the bottom of the conveying device is connected to a gear accelerator fixedly mounted on the side of the second frame, and an input shaft end of the gear accelerator is connected to a shaft end of the wheel through a chain transmission device;

[0015] The shaft end on one side of the top of the conveying device is connected with the power input end of the spiral screening assembly through a sprocket drive and a gear drive device.

[0016] Furthermore, the spiral screening assembly includes a vertical shaft rotatably mounted on the second frame, a spiral screening trough fixedly sleeved on the outside of the vertical shaft, and a lower hopper fixed on the second frame and located below the spiral screening trough, and a plurality of screening holes are opened on the spiral trough bottom of the spiral screening trough.

[0017] Furthermore, the spiral screening trough has a conical spiral structure, and the projection of the inner wall / outer wall of the spiral screening trough in the vertical direction is in the shape of an Archimedean line.

[0018] Furthermore, a pore dredging assembly is fixedly installed on the second frame, which is located on one side of the spiral screening trough and below the material gathering trough.

[0019] The pore dredging assembly includes a vertical column, a guiding column sleeved outside the vertical column, and a guiding block slidably sleeved outside the vertical column and vertically and slidably embedded in the guiding column. A return spring sleeved outside the vertical column is fixedly connected between the top surface of the guiding block and the top of the guiding column.

[0020] An expansion link is fixedly connected to the outer side surface of the guiding block, and a scraping plate sleeved at the bottom of the spiral screening trough is fixedly connected to the free end of the expansion link.

[0021] Furthermore, the side wall of the strip-shaped trough is of a harrow tooth-shaped structure, and the top of the bottom of the material gathering trough is of a harrow tooth-shaped structure staggered with the strip-shaped trough.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. By arranging a plurality of plowshare assemblies, the present invention adopts the method of digging the potatoes together with the soil from the roots of the potatoes, so that the potatoes and the root soil are lifted and then dropped together, thereby realizing the loosening of the rhizosphere soil of the potatoes without the direct contact between the fleshy roots of the potatoes and the machine, protecting the potato epidermis from being damaged, achieving the maximum commercial yield, and the harvested potatoes can be sold immediately or stored in a cold storage.

[0024] 2. By arranging a vibration separation assembly behind the plowshare assembly and realizing the transmission and driving the vibration separation assembly to swing reciprocally through the vibration transmission assembly of the cam transmission structure, the large soil blocks falling above it can be actively broken, greatly improving the soil breaking rate; at the same time, during the process of soil breaking, the initial separation of the potatoes from the soil can also be realized, and most of the crushed and separated soil falls and covers the ground surface again, realizing the tillage of the surface soil and facilitating the later planting of plants.

[0025] 3. By arranging a conveying device, a material gathering trough and a spiral screening assembly behind the vibration separation assembly, the potatoes and a small amount of soil preliminarily separated by the vibration separation assembly can be sent to the spiral screening assembly. After further screening and separation by the spiral screening trough, the small amount of soil is separated from the potatoes and falls back to the ground surface, and the screened potatoes are concentrated and scattered on the soil surface along the advancing direction of the harvester or temporarily stored in the blanking hopper, facilitating the picking of the potatoes.

[0026] 4. The structure of the present invention is simple and easy to use, and can simultaneously realize the harvesting of potatoes, the breaking of soil and the hierarchical separation operation of potatoes and soil, greatly improving the working efficiency of potato harvesting and reducing the cost investment. Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 One of the three-dimensional structure diagrams of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 Another three-dimensional structure diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 The front view structure diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 The top view structure diagram of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 One of the assembly structure diagrams of the components on the first frame of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 Another assembly structure diagram of the components on the first frame of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 The three-dimensional structure diagram of the bottom beam;

[0034] Figure 8 The three-dimensional structure diagram of the plowshare assembly;

[0035] Figure 9 The three-dimensional structure diagram of the vibration transmission assembly;

[0036] Figure 10 The sectional structure diagram of the vibration transmission assembly;

[0037] Figure 11 For Figure 6 The enlarged structure diagram of part A in;

[0038] Figure 12 The three-dimensional structure diagram of the vibration separation assembly;

[0039] Figure 13 The three-dimensional structure diagram of the strip-shaped material trough;

[0040] Figure 14 The three-dimensional structure diagram of the material collecting trough;

[0041] Figure 15 The assembly structure diagram of the spiral material screening assembly and the pore dredging assembly;

[0042] Figure 16 The three-dimensional structure diagram of the spiral material screening assembly.

[0043] Wherein: 1 first frame, 101 horizontal bracket, 102 first side plate, 103 connecting frame, 104 suspension rod, 105 guiding sleeve, 2 second frame, 201 second side plate, 202 first connecting rod, 203 second connecting rod, 204 auxiliary roller, 3 bottom beam, 301 locking and positioning groove, 302 rotating shaft, 4 ploughshare assembly, 401 positioning sleeve, 402 ploughshare, 403 locking screw, 5 wheel, 6 vibration transmission assembly, 601 cam, 6011 driving groove, 602 ejector rod, 6021 guiding plate, 603 roller, 7 vibration separation assembly, 701 swing rod, 702 swing beam, 703 separating rod, 8 conveying device, 801 first synchronous belt roller, 802 second synchronous belt roller, 803 third synchronous belt roller, 804 synchronous belt, 805 belt pressing wheel, 9 strip-shaped material trough, 10 material gathering trough, 11 spiral material screening assembly, 111 vertical shaft, 112 spiral material screening trough, 113 blanking hopper, 114 screening holes, 115 hopper supporting ring, 116 baffle plate, 12 hole dredging assembly, 121 upright post, 122 guiding post, 123 guiding block, 124 return spring, 125 telescopic rod, 126 scraping plate, 13 driven bevel gear, 14 gear accelerator, 15 driving bevel gear, 16 gear shaft. Detailed implementation manners

[0044] The following elaborates on the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making the protection scope of the present invention more clearly defined.

[0045] Please refer to Figures 1 to 16 , a potato harvester, comprising a first frame 1 and a second frame 2 fixedly hung at the rear end of the first frame 1. The first frame 1 includes a horizontal bracket 101, first side plates 102 fixedly connected to the bottoms of both sides of the horizontal bracket 101, and a connecting frame 103 fixedly connected to the top of the horizontal bracket 101. As Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, the horizontal bracket 101 is a square frame welded by square pipes; the first side plates 102 are vertically arranged and fixedly connected to the two end parts of the horizontal bracket 101 by bolts; the connecting frame 103 is composed of a V-shaped frame plate and an auxiliary rod. The two bottom ends of the V-shaped frame plate and the bottom end of the auxiliary rod are respectively connected to the connecting ear seats at the top of the horizontal bracket 101 by pins, and the top end of the V-shaped frame plate and the top end of the auxiliary rod are connected by pins, thereby forming a triangular connecting frame; a hanging ring is arranged at the top of the connecting frame 101 for mating connection with a tractor to drive the entire harvester to work.

[0046] The bottom of the inner walls of the two first side plates 102 is fixedly connected by bolts to a bottom beam 3. The bottom beam 3 is made of square pipe material. Both sides of its top surface are fixedly connected by bolts to two suspension rods 104. The top ends of the suspension rods 104 are fixedly connected by bolts to the bottom of the horizontal bracket 101, so that the bottom beam 3 is arranged parallel to the middle part below the horizontal bracket 101.

[0047] A plurality of plowshare assemblies 4 with adjustable positions are sleeved on the bottom beam 3. In this embodiment, there are 7 as shown. As Figure 5 shown. As Figure 8 shown, the plowshare assembly 4 includes a positioning sleeve 401 sleeved on the outside of the bottom beam 3 and a plowshare 402 fixedly connected to the outer side surface of the positioning sleeve 401. The positioning sleeve 401 is fastened to the bottom beam 3 by a locking screw 403. The positioning sleeve 401 is a square hollow cylinder structure, and the cross-sectional shape of its internal through hole matches the cross-sectional shape of the bottom beam 3, so that the positioning sleeve 401 is sleeved on the bottom beam 3 and can move horizontally along the length direction of the bottom beam 3. The shape of the plowshare 402 is arrow-shaped, with a pointed front end and a small thickness, and a flat rear end and a large thickness. The arrow shape of the plowshare 402 can reduce the resistance to entering the soil and is durable. The rear end of the plowshare 402 is fixedly bolted to the positioning sleeve 401, so that the plowshare 402 is inclined.

[0048] The positioning sleeve 401 is provided with a locking screw 403 on the side opposite to the side where the plowshare is located. A plurality of uniformly distributed locking positioning grooves 301 are provided on the side of the bottom beam 3 close to the locking screw 403, as Figure 7 shown. The end of the locking screw 403 can be embedded in the locking positioning groove 301. After loosening the locking screw 403, the position of the positioning sleeve 401 on the bottom beam 3 can be adjusted, so as to adjust the spacing between two adjacent plowshares 402; tightening the locking nut 403 can fix the adjusted positioning sleeve 401 to the bottom beam 3.

[0049] A rotating shaft 302 is rotatably sleeved inside the bottom beam 3, as Figure 7 shown. A sleeve (not shown in the figure) is coaxially embedded inside the bottom beam 3, and the edges at both ends of the sleeve are welded and fixed to the ends of the bottom beam 3 as a whole. The rotating shaft 302 is sleeved inside the sleeve, and the shaft diameters at both ends of the rotating shaft 302 are rotatably installed in the two first side plates 102 through bearings, so that the rotating shaft 302 can rotate inside the first side plate 102. Both ends of the rotating shaft 302 are respectively fixedly connected with a machine wheel 5 located outside the first side plate 102, so that the machine wheel 5 can drive the rotating shaft 302 to rotate during the rolling process on the soil surface, thereby providing power for the subsequent structure of the entire harvester. Preferably, the circumferential surface of the machine wheel 5 adopts a gear structure or a tire structure to enhance the biting force between the machine wheel 5 and the soil surface, so that the machine wheel 5 keeps rolling continuously during the traveling process.

[0050] Vibration transmission components 6 are fixedly installed at the shaft diameters at both ends of the rotating shaft 302. AsFigure 9 and Figure 10 As shown in Figure 10 , the vibration transmission assembly 6 includes a cam 601 fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 302 and a ejector rod 602 movably connected to the inner wall of the first side plate 102. A roller 603 movably embedded in the side surface of the cam is rotatably connected to the inner side of the end of the ejector rod 602. The two cams 601 are symmetrically and fixedly arranged at both ends of the rotating shaft 302 by bolt connection. The end of the ejector rod 602 is of a Y-shaped structure and nested outside the edge of the cam 601. The roller 603 is sleeved on the smooth rod part of the bolt and positioned by a nut. The bolt is threadedly connected to the side wall of the ejector rod 602 and its end is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the ejector rod 602 by a lock nut.

[0051] Specifically, cam-shaped drive grooves 6011 are symmetrically formed on both side surfaces of the cam 601. The roller 603 is located in the drive groove 6011, and the outer circumferential surface of the roller 603 is in rolling contact with the groove wall of the drive groove 6011, so that the cam 601 and the ejector rod 602 form a cam transmission mechanism. As Figure 11 shown in Figure 11 , a guide plate 6021 is fixedly arranged on one side of the ejector rod 602, and a guide sleeve 105 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the first side plate 102. The guide plate 6021 is slidably inserted into the guide sleeve 105, so that the ejector rod 602 can be driven to reciprocate horizontally along the guide sleeve 105 during the continuous rotation of the cam 601.

[0052] The power output end of the vibration transmission assembly 6 is movably connected to a vibration separation assembly 7 rotatably installed between the rear ends of the two first side plates 102. As Figure 12 shown in Figure 12 , the vibration separation assembly 7 includes a swing rod 701 rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first side plate 102 and a swing beam 702 fixed between the ends of the two swing rods 701. The middle of the swing rod 701 is installed on the inner wall of the first side plate 102 through a pin shaft, so that the swing rod 701 can freely rotate around the pin shaft. A waist-shaped notch is formed at one end of the swing rod 701 away from the swing beam 702. A pin shaft is fixedly connected to the end of the ejector rod 602, and the pin shaft is located in the waist-shaped notch, so that the swing rod 701 is slidably connected to the power output end of the vibration transmission assembly 6. During the horizontal reciprocating movement of the ejector rod 602, the swing rod 701 is driven to reciprocate.

[0053] A plurality of separation rods 703 are fixedly connected to the top of the swing beam 702. The separation rods 703 are evenly distributed on the swing beam 702, and the higher end of the separation rod 703 is close to the bottom beam 3 and is located below the top surface of the bottom beam 3, so that the potatoes and the soil at their roots, which are continuously lifted by the plow shovel 402, naturally fall from the top of the bottom beam 3 onto the plurality of separation rods 703, and complete the soil crushing process during the falling and impact process. In the process of the separation rod 703 following the swing beam 702 to swing back and forth, the soil crushing effect can be effectively enhanced, and the potatoes can also be separated from the soil and stay on the top of the separation rod 703, and then fall to the rear along the top surface of the separation rod 703. Preferably, the outer sleeve of the separation rod 703 is provided with a rubber sleeve (not shown in the figure) to reduce the mechanical damage caused by the impact of the separation rod 703 when the potatoes fall on the separation rod 703.

[0054] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the second frame 2 includes two second side plates 201 arranged on the left and right, the front ends of the second side plates 201 are respectively connected to the first side plates 102 through the first connecting rod 202 and the second connecting rod 203, and the two sides of the bottom of the rear end of the second side plates 201 are respectively rotatably connected with auxiliary rollers 204, so that the second frame 2 can move forward following the first frame 1. A conveying device 8 drivingly connected to the wheel 5 is arranged on the side of the second frame 2 close to the first frame 1.

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, the conveying device 8 adopts a synchronous belt conveying device, including a first synchronous belt roller 801, a second synchronous belt roller 802, and a third synchronous belt roller 803, which are respectively rotatably mounted on the bottom of the front end of the second side plate 201, and a synchronous belt 804 is connected to the outer sides of the first synchronous belt roller 801, the second synchronous belt roller 802, and the third synchronous belt roller 803, and a belt pressing wheel 805 is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the front end of the two second side plates 201. The two belt pressing wheels 805 are respectively pressed on the edges of both sides of the top surface of the synchronous belt 804, so that the synchronous belt 804 is "L"-shaped as a whole, and the bottom section of the synchronous belt 804 is set below the end of the separation rod 703, and the top section of the synchronous belt 804 is inclined to the side away from the separation rod 703.

[0056] Among them, a gear accelerator 14 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the outer side surface of the front end of the second side plate 201 on the right side, and the output shaft end of the gear accelerator 14 is fixedly connected to the right end of the first synchronous belt roller 801, and the input shaft end of the gear accelerator 14 is fixedly installed with a first driven sprocket; the shaft end of the right machine wheel 5 is fixedly installed with a first driving sprocket, and the first driving sprocket and the first driven sprocket are connected through a first chain transmission; when the machine wheel 5 rolls forward clockwise, the first synchronous belt roller 801 is driven to rotate counterclockwise through the chain transmission device and the gear accelerator 14, and the rotation speed of the first synchronous belt roller 801 is greater than the rotation speed of the machine wheel 5, thereby driving the synchronous belt 804 to move counterclockwise, and the potatoes and part of the soil that fall from the end of the separation rod 703 to the synchronous belt 804 are sent to the top of the end of the conveying device 8.

[0057] The surface of the synchronous belt 804 is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed strip-shaped material grooves 9. Figure 13 As shown, the side wall of the strip trough 9 is a rake-tooth structure. The notch direction of the strip trough 9 is set upward on the top surface of the synchronous belt 804, so that the potatoes and a small amount of soil that continuously fall on the surface of the synchronous belt 804 are separated into continuous small sections by the strip trough 9. When the strip trough 9 enters the upper inclined section of the synchronous belt 804 from the bottom horizontal section of the synchronous belt 804, the potatoes and soil in each small section slide down along the surface of the synchronous belt 804 into the corresponding strip trough 9, and part of the soil continues to fall down from the rake tooth gap of the strip trough 9, thereby realizing the secondary separation of part of the small amount of soil from the potatoes. Preferably, the surface of the synchronous belt 804 is provided with evenly distributed through holes, so that this part of the fallen soil can fall directly back to the ground surface through the through holes.

[0058] A material collecting trough 10 is provided below the top of the conveying device 8, which is away from the first frame 1 and fixedly mounted on the second frame 2 and inclined. Figure 14 As shown, the material collecting trough 10 is welded by a bottom plate and baffles located on both sides of the top surface of the bottom plate, and a discharge port is left between the bottom ends of the two baffles, so that the potatoes continuously transported by the synchronous belt 804 and part of the soil wrapped on the surface of the potatoes are continuously turned over in the material collecting trough 10, and then continuously slide down and gather. Preferably, the top of the trough bottom of the material collecting trough 10 is a rake-tooth structure staggered with the strip material trough 9, so that the material connection between the material collecting trough 10 and each strip material trough 9 is more compact and smooth.

[0059] A spiral screening assembly 11 is provided below the discharge end of the aggregate trough 10 and is rotatably mounted on the second frame 2 and is transmission-connected to the conveying device 8. Figure 15 and Figure 16As shown in the figure, the spiral screening component 11 includes a vertical shaft 111 rotatably installed on the second frame 2, a spiral screening trough 112 fixedly sleeved outside the vertical shaft 111, and a blanking hopper 113 fixed on the second frame 2 and located below the spiral screening trough 112. Among them, a first mounting plate and a second mounting plate are respectively welded and fixed between the top ends and the bottom ends of the two second side plates 201. The vertical shaft 111 is vertically installed between the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate, and both ends of the vertical shaft 111 are rotatably installed in the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate through bearings; the spiral screening trough 112 has a conical spiral line structure with a larger top and a smaller bottom and is coaxially arranged with the vertical shaft 111. The inner wall of the spiral screening trough 112 is fixedly connected to the vertical shaft 111 through multiple connecting rods, so that the spiral screening trough 112 can rotate synchronously with the vertical shaft 111; a hopper supporting ring 115 located above the second mounting plate is fixedly connected between the two second side plates 201, and the blanking hopper 113 is fixedly embedded in the hopper supporting ring 115.

[0060] A number of screening holes 114 are formed in the spiral trough bottom of the spiral screening trough 112. The bottom end outlet of the spiral screening trough 112 is located directly above the blanking hopper 113. Then the potatoes falling from the material gathering trough 10 and some of the soil wrapped on the surface of the potatoes fall into the spiral screening trough 112. Then some of the soil wrapped on the surface of the potatoes falls off from the surface of the potatoes due to impact. During the rotation of the spiral screening trough 112, the fallen soil directly falls back to the soil surface through the screening holes 114; during the process of the potatoes rolling downward on the trough bottom of the spiral screening trough 112, the soil on their surfaces further falls off and falls to the ground surface prior to the potatoes.

[0061] Preferably, the projection of the inner wall / outer wall of the spiral screening trough 112 in the vertical direction is in the shape of an Archimedean spiral line, so that there is no overlap in the vertical projection direction of the spiral screening trough 112. Then the soil falling from the upper screening holes 114 will not fall back into the lower trough, avoiding repeated screening and improving the screening efficiency. Further, a baffle 116 is integrally provided at the top of the inner wall of the spiral screening trough 112, which can effectively prevent the potatoes from jumping out of the trough due to the rebound effect of the trough bottom of the spiral screening trough 112 after falling out of the material gathering trough 10, ensuring that all the potatoes fall into the spiral screening trough 112.

[0062] A driven bevel gear 13 is fixedly connected to the top end of the vertical shaft 111. A gear shaft 16 is rotatably installed at the top of the two second side plates 201. A driving bevel gear 15 is fixedly installed on the gear shaft 16, which is located on the left side of the top of the driven bevel gear 13 and meshes with the driven bevel gear 13 for transmission connection, and the driving bevel gear 15 and the driven bevel gear 13 are for speed-increasing transmission. A second driven sprocket located outside the second side plate 201 is fixedly installed at the right end of the gear shaft 16. A second driving sprocket located outside the second side plate 201 is fixedly installed at the right end of the third synchronous belt roller 803. The second driving sprocket and the second driven sprocket are connected by a second chain for transmission. Then, the spiral screening trough 112 can rotate clockwise synchronously during the continuous feeding process of the conveying device 8, so that the potatoes in the spiral screening trough 112 can continuously roll downward along the spiral screening trough 112 and finally fall into the feeding hopper 113.

[0063] In this embodiment, the bottom of the feeding hopper 113 is an open structure, so the potatoes falling into the feeding hopper 113 directly fall back to the ground surface and are concentrated and scattered near the midline position of the traveling tracks of the two machine wheels 5 along the forward direction of the harvester. Since the potatoes are scattered on the ground surface, they can be directly picked up. Obviously, packaging bags can be arranged at the bottom outlet of the feeding hopper 113 to directly collect the falling potatoes, or the feeding hopper 113 can be set to a structure with an openable bottom. By temporarily sealing the bottom of the feeding hopper 113, the feeding hopper 113 can be used to temporarily store the potatoes, and then they can be collected or packaged centrally.

[0064] A third mounting plate and a fourth mounting plate are respectively welded and fixed between the tops and bottoms of the middle positions of the two second side plates 201. A pore clearing assembly 12 located on one side of the spiral screening trough 112 and below the material collecting trough 10 is fixedly installed on the second frame 2 (between the third mounting plate and the fourth mounting plate). As Figure 15 shown, the pore clearing assembly 12 includes a vertical column 121, a guide column 122 sleeved outside the vertical column 121, and a guide block 123 slidably sleeved outside the vertical column 121 and vertically slidably embedded in the guide column 122. The vertical column 121 is vertically and fixedly arranged between the third mounting plate and the fourth mounting plate, and a vertically arranged guide groove is formed on the side surface of the vertical column 121 close to the spiral screening trough 112. Under the limiting action of the guide column 122 and the guide groove, the guide block 123 can reciprocate in the vertical direction.

[0065] A return spring 124 sleeved outside the column 121 is fixedly connected between the top surface of the guide block 123 and the top of the guide post 122; a telescopic rod 125 is fixedly connected to the outer side surface of the guide block 123. The telescopic rod 125 is a multi-layer sleeve type spring telescopic rod, and the telescopic length of each layer of sleeve is not less than the radial single-layer groove width of the spiral screening trough 112. A scraping plate 126 sleeved on the bottom of the spiral screening trough 112 is fixedly connected to the free end of the telescopic rod 125. The scraping plate 126 is a horizontally arranged "L"-shaped thin plate. Under the pulling force of the return spring 124, the top surface of the horizontal section of the scraping plate 126 is in sliding fit with the bottom surface of the spiral screening trough 112, and the inner side surface of the vertical section of the scraping plate 26 is in sliding fit with the outer side surface of the inner wall of the spiral screening trough 112.

[0066] When the spiral screening trough 112 continuously rotates clockwise to complete the separation process of the potato and the soil wrapped on its surface, the bottom spiral surface of the spiral screening trough 112 continuously acts on the top surface of the horizontal section and the inner side surface of the vertical section of the scraping plate 126, so that the guide block 123, the telescopic rod 125 and the scraping plate 126 continuously move vertically downward, and the return spring 124 is stretched and stores energy; at the same time, the scraping plate 126 continuously moves horizontally towards one side of the vertical shaft 111, and the sleeves in the telescopic rod 125 are pulled out and the springs are stretched and store energy. In this process, the scraping plate 126 slides relative to the bottom surface of the spiral screening trough 112, and can push the smaller potatoes or bumps stuck in the screening holes 114, so that they are moved out of the screening holes 114 and continue to roll downward along the top surface of the spiral screening trough 112, realizing the combing of the screening holes 114. When the scraping plate 126 moves down to the lowest position and the telescopic rod 125 extends to the farthest distance, the scraping plate 126 is located at the bottom end of the spiral screening trough 112; after the spiral screening trough 112 continues to rotate, the scraping plate 126 is separated from the bottom end of the spiral screening trough 112, the telescopic rod 125 contracts under the action of the spring inside it, and the guide block 123 moves upward and resets under the action of the return spring 124. After resetting, the scraping plate 126 is re-located below the top end of the spiral screening trough 112, and then the automatic cycle starts the next cycle of screening hole combing process.

[0067] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent structural or equivalent process transformations made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are equally included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A potato harvester, comprising a first frame (1) and a second frame (2) fixedly connected to the rear end of the first frame (1), characterized in that: A bottom beam (3) is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the first frame (1), and a plurality of position-adjustable plow shovel assemblies (4) are sleeved on the bottom beam (3); wheels (5) are rotatably mounted on both sides of the first frame (1); both ends of the bottom beam (3) are fixedly mounted with vibration transmission assemblies (6) coaxially fixed with the wheels (5); a power output end of the vibration transmission assembly (6) is movably connected to a vibration separation assembly (7) rotatably mounted on the rear end of the first frame (1); A conveying device (8) drivingly connected to the wheel (5) is provided on one side of the second frame (2) close to the first frame (1), and a plurality of evenly distributed strip-shaped material troughs (9) are provided on the conveying device (8); A material collecting trough (10) fixedly mounted on the second frame (2) and arranged obliquely is arranged below the top end of the conveying device (8) away from the first frame (1); a spiral screening assembly (11) rotatably mounted on the second frame (2) and drivingly connected to the conveying device (8) is arranged below the discharge end of the material collecting trough (10); The spiral screening assembly (11) comprises a vertical shaft (111) rotatably mounted on the second frame (2), a spiral screening trough (112) fixedly sleeved on the outside of the vertical shaft (111), and a lower hopper (113) fixed on the second frame (2) and located below the spiral screening trough (112); a plurality of screening holes (114) are provided on the spiral trough bottom of the spiral screening trough (112); A pore-forming assembly (12) is fixedly mounted on the second frame (2) and is located on one side of the spiral screening trough (112) and below the material collecting trough (10); The hole-draining assembly (12) comprises a column (121), a guide column (122) sleeved on the outside of the column (121), and a guide block (123) slidably sleeved on the outside of the column (121) and slidably vertically embedded in the guide column (122); a return spring (124) sleeved on the outside of the column (121) is fixedly connected between the top surface of the guide block (123) and the top of the guide column (122); A telescopic rod (125) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the guide block (123), and a scraper plate (126) that is clamped on the bottom of the spiral screening trough (112) is fixedly connected to the free end of the telescopic rod (125).

2. A potato harvester according to claim 1, wherein: The plowshare assembly (4) comprises a positioning sleeve (401) sleeved on the outside of the bottom beam (3) and a plowshare (402) fixedly connected to the outer surface of the positioning sleeve (401); the positioning sleeve (401) is fastened to the bottom beam (3) by means of a locking screw (403).

3. A potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration transmission assembly (6) comprises a cam (601), a push rod (602) movably connected to the inner wall of the first side plate (102), and a roller (603) movably embedded in the side surface of the cam is rotatably connected to the inner side of the end of the push rod (602).

4. A potato harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that: Cam-shaped driving grooves (6011) are symmetrically provided on both side surfaces of the cam (601), the roller (603) is located in the driving groove (6011), and the outer cylindrical surface of the roller (603) is in rolling contact with the groove wall of the driving groove (6011); One side of the ejector rod (602) is fixedly provided with a guide plate (6021), and a guide groove (201) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the first side plate (102). The guide plate (6021) is slidably inserted into the guide groove (201).

5. A potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration separation assembly (7) includes a swing rod (701) rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first side plate (102), and a swing beam (702) fixed between the ends of the two swing rods (701). One end of the swing rod (701) far from the swing beam (702) is slidably connected to the power output end of the vibration transmission assembly (6). A plurality of uniformly inclined separation rods (703) are fixedly connected to the top of the swing beam (702).

6. A potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the bottom of the conveying device (8) is axially connected to a gear accelerator (14) fixedly installed on the side of the second frame (2). The input shaft end of the gear accelerator (14) is connected to the shaft end of the machine wheel (5) through a chain transmission device; One side of the top of the conveying device (8) is axially connected to the power input end of the spiral screening assembly (11) through a sprocket transmission and a gear transmission device.

7. A potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral screening trough (112) has a conical spiral structure, and the projection of the inner wall / outer wall of the spiral screening trough (112) in the vertical direction is in the shape of an Archimedean line.

8. A potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall of the strip-shaped material trough (9) has a rake-tooth structure, and the top of the bottom of the material gathering trough (10) has a rake-tooth structure staggered with the strip-shaped material trough (9).

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