A potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions

Abstract

The present invention discloses a potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions, which includes a first frame and a second frame. A bottom beam is fixedly arranged inside the bottom of the first frame, and a plurality of plowshare assemblies with adjustable positions are sleeved on the bottom beam. Wheels are rotatably installed on both sides of the first frame. Vibration transmission assemblies are fixedly installed at both ends of the bottom beam, and the power output ends of the vibration transmission assemblies are movably connected with vibration separation assemblies. A conveying device is arranged on one side of the second frame. A material collecting trough is arranged below the top end of the conveying device and away from one side of the first frame. A spiral screening component is arranged below the discharging end of the material collecting trough. A material distributing and discharging channel component is fixedly connected below the spiral screening component. A material distributing vibration discharging trough component is arranged below the material distributing and discharging channel component. The structure of the present invention is simple. By adopting a hierarchical separation method, it can realize the mechanized continuous grading and sorting harvest of potatoes while pulverizing and plowing the soil, facilitating the picking of potatoes and the planting of later crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly to a potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions. Background Art

[0002] Potatoes are one of the important economic crops in China. Since potatoes grow underground and have tubers, there are many difficulties in their harvesting. Traditional harvesting methods not only have low efficiency but also cannot guarantee quality and yield. This has restricted the development of potatoes to a certain extent. Potato harvesters use small tractors popularized in rural areas as the power source. The potatoes are dug out and then picked up manually, which can ensure a certain production capacity and efficiency.

[0003] Generally, existing potato harvesters on the market do not have a screening device for soil and potatoes, and only rely on the gaps on the elevating chain to leak out the soil. When the soil humidity is high, the soil shoveled out together with the potatoes will form lumps, and the lumpy soil is not easy to separate from the potatoes; a certain amount of soil will also be wrapped on the surface of the potatoes, and it is very difficult to shake off the soil adhering to the surface of the potatoes simply by relying on the vibration of the elevating chain; also, because potatoes are usually irregular ellipsoids and are not easy to roll during the conveying process, using a single vibration separation method is likely to result in poor separation effect of the soil on one side of them, and it is not easy to achieve synchronous grading and screening of potatoes with good effects according to different size specifications. Moreover, the pointed ends of the potatoes are easily stuck in the gaps, causing serious damage to the epidermis and affecting subsequent harvesting. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions. The structure is simple. While realizing the mechanized continuous harvesting of potatoes, it can effectively complete the shock fragmentation of large soil clods, the sieve separation of the soil wrapped between potatoes, and the rolling separation of the soil wrapped on the surface of potatoes. Adopting a hierarchical separation method, it can realize that the soil is pulverized and covered on the ground surface to complete the plowing operation of the surface soil. At the same time, the potatoes separated from the soil are scattered on the surface of the soil or stored in the harvester, which is convenient for picking up the potatoes and planting subsequent crops.

[0005] To achieve the above effects, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A potato harvester with a sorting and collecting function comprises a first frame and a second frame fixedly mounted on the rear end of the first frame, a bottom beam is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the first frame, a plurality of position-adjustable plow shovel assemblies are sleeved on the bottom beam, wheels are rotatably mounted on both sides of the first frame, vibration transmission assemblies coaxially fixedly arranged with the wheels are fixedly mounted on both ends of the bottom beam, and a vibration separation assembly rotatably mounted on the rear end of the first frame is movably connected to the power output end of the vibration transmission assembly;

[0007] A conveying device connected to the wheel transmission is arranged on one side of the second frame close to the first frame, and a plurality of evenly distributed strip material troughs are arranged on the conveying device;

[0008] A material collecting trough fixedly mounted on the second frame and inclined is provided below the top of the conveying device away from the first frame, a spiral screening assembly rotatably mounted on the second frame and transmission connected to the conveying device is provided below the discharge end of the material collecting trough, a material dividing and discharging channel assembly is fixedly connected below the spiral screening assembly, a sparse hole assembly is fixedly mounted on the second frame, the execution end of the sparse hole assembly is slidably embedded between the spiral screening assembly and the material dividing and discharging channel assembly, and a material dividing and discharging vibration discharging trough assembly movably embedded in the second frame is provided below the material dividing and discharging channel assembly.

[0009] Furthermore, the spiral screening assembly includes a vertical shaft rotatably mounted on the second frame, and a spiral screening trough fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the vertical shaft, and a plurality of screening holes are opened on the spiral trough bottom of the spiral screening trough.

[0010] Furthermore, the spiral screening trough has a conical spiral structure, and the projection of the inner wall / outer wall of the spiral screening trough in the vertical direction is in the shape of an Archimedean line.

[0011] Furthermore, the screening holes are divided into four continuous sections from top to bottom on the spiral screening trough, the aperture in each section is the same, and the apertures in the four sections increase section by section.

[0012] Furthermore, the material dividing and unloading channel assembly includes a first spiral channel, a second spiral channel and a third spiral channel which are adjacent to each other in sequence, and the first spiral channel, the second spiral channel and the third spiral channel form a spiral structure matching the spiral screening trough.

[0013] Furthermore, a first discharge port is provided at the bottom end of the first spiral channel, and a first discharge pipe is arranged below the first discharge port; a second discharge port is provided at the bottom end of the second spiral channel, and a second discharge pipe is arranged below the second discharge port; a third discharge port is provided at the bottom end of the third spiral channel, and a third discharge pipe is arranged below the third discharge port.

[0014] Further, the material distributing and vibrating discharging chute assembly includes a third discharging chute sleeved outside the bottom end of the vertical shaft, a second discharging chute fixedly sleeved outside the third discharging chute, and a first discharging chute fixedly sleeved outside the second discharging chute;

[0015] The bottom outlet of the first discharging pipe is located directly above the first discharging chute, the bottom outlet of the second discharging pipe is located directly above the second discharging chute, and the bottom outlet of the third discharging pipe is located directly above the third discharging chute.

[0016] Further, at least one third discharging port is formed in the bottom surface of the third discharging chute;

[0017] The bottom surface of the second discharging chute is inclined downward toward one side of the third discharging chute, and at least one second discharging port is formed at the bottom end of the bottom surface of the second discharging chute. A first discharging pipe inclined downward is arranged below the second discharging port;

[0018] The bottom surface of the first discharging chute is inclined downward toward the other side of the third discharging chute, and at least one first discharging port is formed at the bottom end of the bottom surface of the first discharging chute. A second discharging pipe inclined downward is arranged below the first discharging port.

[0019] Further, a discharging chute supporting ring fixedly installed on the second frame is sleeved outside the first discharging chute, and a vibrating spring sleeved outside the bottom end of the vertical shaft is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom surface of the third discharging chute.

[0020] Further, the pore clearing assembly includes a column, a guide column sleeved outside the column, and a guide block slidably sleeved outside the column and vertically and slidably embedded in the guide column. A return spring sleeved outside the column is fixedly connected between the top surface of the guide block and the top of the guide column;

[0021] An expansion link is fixedly connected to the outer side surface of the guide block, and a scraping plate sleeved between the bottom of the spiral screening chute and the top of the first spiral channel / second spiral channel / third spiral channel is fixedly connected to the free end of the expansion link.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. By arranging a plurality of plow blade assemblies, the present invention adopts the method of digging the whole potato together with the soil from the root, so that the potato and the root soil are lifted and then dropped together, thereby realizing the loosening of the rhizosphere soil of the potato without the direct contact between the fleshy root of the potato and the machine, protecting the potato epidermis from being damaged, realizing the maximum harvest commercial rate, and the harvested potatoes can be sold immediately or stored in a cold storage;

[0024] 2. By arranging a vibration separation component behind the plowshare component and realizing transmission through the vibration transmission component of the cam transmission structure to drive the vibration separation component to swing reciprocally, the present invention can actively break large soil blocks falling above it, greatly improving the soil breaking rate. At the same time, during the soil breaking process, the preliminary separation of potatoes from the soil can also be achieved. Most of the crushed and separated soil falls and covers the ground surface again, realizing the tillage of the surface soil and facilitating the later planting of plants.

[0025] 3. By arranging a conveying device, a material collecting trough, a spiral screening component, and a material separating vibration discharging trough component behind the vibration separation component, the present invention can send the potatoes and a small amount of soil preliminarily separated by the vibration separation component to the spiral screening component. Through further screening and separation by the spiral screening trough, the small amount of soil is separated from the potatoes and falls back to the ground surface, and the screened potatoes are concentrated and scattered on the soil surface along the forward direction of the harvester or temporarily stored in the blanking hopper, facilitating the picking of potatoes.

[0026] 4. The present invention has a simple structure and is easy to use. It can synchronously achieve the harvesting of potatoes, the breaking of soil, and the hierarchical separation operation of potatoes and soil, greatly improving the working efficiency of potato harvesting and reducing the cost investment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is one of the three-dimensional structure diagrams of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 is the second three-dimensional structure diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 is the front view structure diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 is the top view structure diagram of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 is one of the assembly structure diagrams of the components on the first frame of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 is the second assembly structure diagram of the components on the first frame of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 is the three-dimensional structure diagram of the bottom beam;

[0034] Figure 8 is the three-dimensional structure diagram of the plowshare component;

[0035] Figure 9 is the three-dimensional structure diagram of the vibration transmission component;

[0036] Figure 10Schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the vibration transmission component;

[0037] Figure 11 is Figure 6 Enlarged structure schematic diagram of part A in

[0038] Figure 12 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the vibration separation component;

[0039] Figure 13 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the strip-shaped material trough;

[0040] Figure 14 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the material gathering trough;

[0041] Figure 15 One of the schematic three-dimensional structure diagrams of the spiral material screening component;

[0042] Figure 16 Another schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the spiral material screening component;

[0043] Figure 17 Schematic top view structure diagram of the spiral material screening component;

[0044] Figure 18 One of the schematic three-dimensional structure diagrams of the material distribution and discharging channel component;

[0045] Figure 19 Another schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the material distribution and discharging channel component;

[0046] Figure 20 Schematic top view structure diagram of the material distribution and discharging channel component;

[0047] Figure 21 One of the schematic assembly structure diagrams of the spiral material screening component and the material distribution and discharging channel component;

[0048] Figure 22 Another schematic assembly structure diagram of the spiral material screening component and the material distribution and discharging channel component;

[0049] Figure 23 One of the schematic three-dimensional structure diagrams of the material distribution vibration discharging trough component;

[0050] Figure 24 Another schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the material distribution vibration discharging trough component;

[0051] Figure 25 Schematic side view structure diagram of the material distribution vibration discharging trough component;

[0052] Figure 26 Schematic assembly structure diagram of the material distribution vibration discharging trough component on the discharging trough supporting ring;

[0053] Figure 27 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the pore-forming component;

[0054] Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of the assembly position relationship between the pore-forming component and the spiral screening component;

[0055] Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the scraping plate, the spiral screening trough, and the first spiral channel.

[0056] Wherein: 1 is the first frame, 101 is the horizontal bracket, 102 is the first side plate, 103 is the connecting frame, 104 is the suspension rod, 105 is the guide sleeve, 2 is the second frame, 201 is the second side plate, 202 is the first connecting rod, 203 is the second connecting rod, 204 is the auxiliary roller, 3 is the bottom beam, 301 is the locking and positioning groove, 302 is the rotating shaft, 4 is the plowshare component, 401 is the positioning sleeve, 402 is the plowshare, 403 is the locking screw, 5 is the wheel, 6 is the vibration transmission component, 601 is the cam, 6011 is the driving groove, 602 is the ejector rod, 6021 is the guide plate, 603 is the roller, 7 is the vibration separation component, 701 is the swing rod, 702 is the swing beam, 703 is the separation rod, 8 is the conveying device, 801 is the first synchronous belt roller, 802 is the second synchronous belt roller, 803 is the third synchronous belt roller, 804 is the synchronous belt, 805 is the belt pressing wheel, 9 is the strip-shaped material trough, 10 is the material gathering trough, 11 is the spiral screening component, 111 is the vertical shaft, 112 is the spiral screening trough, 113 is the baffle, 114 is the screening hole, 12 is the pore-forming component, 121 is the column, 122 is the guide post, 123 is the guide block, 124 is the return spring, 125 is the telescopic rod, 126 is the scraping plate, 13 is the driven bevel gear, 14 is the gear accelerator, 15 is the driving bevel gear, 16 is the material distribution and discharging channel component, 161 is the first spiral channel, 162 is the second spiral channel, 163 is the third spiral channel, 164 is the first discharge port, 165 is the second discharge port, 166 is the third discharge port, 167 is the first discharge pipe, 168 is the second discharge pipe, 169 is the third discharge pipe, 17 is the material distribution and vibrating discharge trough component, 171 is the first discharge trough, 172 is the second discharge trough, 173 is the third discharge trough, 174 is the third discharging port, 175 is the second discharging port, 176 is the second discharge pipe, 177 is the first discharging port, 178 is the first discharge pipe, 179 is the vibration spring, 18 is the gear shaft, 19 is the discharge trough supporting ring. Detailed implementation manners

[0057] The following elaborates on the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making the protection scope of the present invention more clearly defined.

[0058] Please refer to Figures 1 to 29, a potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions, includes a first frame 1 and a second frame 2 fixedly connected to the rear end of the first frame 1. The first frame 1 includes a horizontal bracket 101, first side plates 102 fixedly connected to the bottoms of both sides of the horizontal bracket 101, and a connecting frame 103 fixedly connected to the top of the horizontal bracket 101. As Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, the horizontal bracket 101 is a square frame welded by square pipes; the first side plates 102 are vertically arranged and fixedly connected to the two ends of the horizontal bracket 101 by bolts; the connecting frame 103 is composed of a V-shaped plate and an auxiliary rod. The two bottom ends of the V-shaped plate and the bottom end of the auxiliary rod are respectively connected to the connecting ear seats on the top of the horizontal bracket 101 by pin shafts, and the top end of the V-shaped plate is connected to the top end of the auxiliary rod by a pin shaft, thus forming a triangular connecting frame; a hanging ring is arranged at the top of the connecting frame 101 for mating connection with a tractor to drive the whole harvester to work.

[0059] The bottoms of the inner walls of the two first side plates 102 are fixedly connected by bolts with a bottom beam 3. The bottom beam 3 is made of square pipes, and two suspension rods 104 are fixedly connected to both sides of the top surface of the bottom beam 3 by bolts. The top ends of the suspension rods 104 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the horizontal bracket 101 by bolts, so that the bottom beam 3 is arranged parallel to the middle part below the horizontal bracket 101.

[0060] A plurality of plowshare assemblies 4 with adjustable positions are sleeved on the bottom beam 3. In this embodiment, there are 7 as Figure 5 shown. As Figure 8 shown, the plowshare assembly 4 includes a positioning sleeve 401 sleeved on the outside of the bottom beam 3 and a plowshare 402 fixedly connected to the outer side surface of the positioning sleeve 401. The positioning sleeve 401 is fastened to the bottom beam 3 by a locking screw 403. The positioning sleeve 401 is a square hollow cylinder structure, and the cross-sectional shape of its internal through hole matches the cross-sectional shape of the bottom beam 3, so that the positioning sleeve 401 is sleeved on the bottom beam 3 and can horizontally move along the length direction of the bottom beam 3. The shape of the plowshare 402 is arrow-shaped, with a pointed front end and a small thickness, and a flat rear end and a large thickness. The arrow shape of the plowshare 402 can reduce the resistance to entering the soil and is firm and durable. The rear end of the plowshare 402 is fixed to the positioning sleeve 401 by bolts, so that the plowshare 402 is inclined.

[0061] The positioning sleeve 401 is provided with a locking screw 403 on the side opposite to the side where the plowshare is located, and a plurality of uniformly distributed locking positioning grooves 301 are arranged on the side of the bottom beam 3 close to the locking screw 403, as Figure 7 shown. The end of the locking screw 403 can be embedded into the locking positioning groove 301. After loosening the locking screw 403, the position of the positioning sleeve 401 on the bottom beam 3 can be adjusted, so as to adjust the distance between two adjacent plowshares 402; after tightening the locking nut 403, the adjusted positioning sleeve 401 can be fixed to the bottom beam 3.

[0062] A rotating shaft 302 is rotatably sleeved inside the bottom beam 3, as Figure 7 shown. A sleeve (not shown in the figure) is coaxially embedded inside the bottom beam 3, and the edges at both ends of the sleeve are welded and fixed to the ends of the bottom beam 3 as a whole. The rotating shaft 302 is sleeved inside the sleeve, and the shaft diameters at both ends of the rotating shaft 302 are rotatably installed in two first side plates 102 through bearings, so that the rotating shaft 302 can rotate inside the first side plate 102. Machine wheels 5 are respectively fixedly connected to both ends of the rotating shaft 302 and located outside the first side plate 102, so that the machine wheels 5 can drive the rotating shaft 302 to rotate during the rolling process on the soil surface, thereby providing power for the subsequent structures of the entire harvester. Preferably, a gear structure or a tire structure is adopted on the circumferential surface of the machine wheel 5 to enhance the biting force between the machine wheel 5 and the soil surface, so that the machine wheel 5 can keep rolling continuously during the traveling process.

[0063] Vibration transmission components 6 are fixedly installed at the shaft diameters at both ends of the rotating shaft 302. As Figure 9 and Figure 10 shown, the vibration transmission component 6 includes a cam 601 fixedly installed on the rotating shaft 302 and a push rod 602 movably connected to the inner wall of the first side plate 102. A roller 603 movably embedded in the side surface of the cam is rotatably connected to the inner side of the end of the push rod 602. The two cams 601 are symmetrically fixedly arranged at both ends of the rotating shaft 302 through bolt connections. The end of the push rod 602 is of a Y-shaped structure and is nested outside the edge of the cam 601. The roller 603 is loosely sleeved on the smooth rod part of the bolt and is positioned by a nut. The bolt is threadedly connected to the side wall of the push rod 602 and the end is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the push rod 602 through a locknut.

[0064] Specifically, cam-shaped drive grooves 6011 are symmetrically formed on both side surfaces of the cam 601. The roller 603 is located in the drive groove 6011, and the outer circumferential surface of the roller 603 is in rolling contact with the groove wall of the drive groove 6011, so that the cam 601 and the push rod 602 form a cam transmission mechanism. As Figure 11 shown, a guide plate 6021 is fixedly arranged on one side of the push rod 602, and a guide sleeve 105 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the first side plate 102. The guide plate 6021 is slidably inserted into the guide sleeve 105, so that the cam 601 can drive the push rod 602 to reciprocate horizontally along the guide sleeve 105 during continuous rotation.

[0065] The power output end of the vibration transmission component 6 is movably connected to a vibration separation component 7 rotatably installed between the rear ends of the two first side plates 102. As Figure 12As shown, the vibration separation assembly 7 includes a swing rod 701 rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first side plate 102, and a swing beam 702 fixed between the ends of the two swing rods 701. The middle part of the swing rod 701 is installed on the inner wall of the first side plate 102 through a pin shaft, so that the swing rod 701 can rotate freely around the pin shaft. A waist-shaped notch is provided at one end of the swing rod 701 away from the swing beam 702, and a pin shaft is fixedly connected to the end of the top rod 602, and the pin shaft is located in the waist-shaped notch, so that the swing rod 701 is slidably connected to the power output end of the vibration transmission assembly 6, and the swing rod 701 is driven to swing back and forth during the horizontal reciprocating motion of the top rod 602.

[0066] A plurality of separation rods 703 are fixedly connected to the top of the swing beam 702. The separation rods 703 are evenly distributed on the swing beam 702, and the higher end of the separation rod 703 is close to the bottom beam 3 and is located below the top surface of the bottom beam 3, so that the potatoes and the soil at their roots, which are continuously lifted by the plow shovel 402, naturally fall from the top of the bottom beam 3 onto the plurality of separation rods 703, and complete the soil crushing process during the falling and impact process. In the process of the separation rod 703 following the swing beam 702 to swing back and forth, the soil crushing effect can be effectively enhanced, and the potatoes can also be separated from the soil and stay on the top of the separation rod 703, and then fall to the rear along the top surface of the separation rod 703. Preferably, the outer sleeve of the separation rod 703 is provided with a rubber sleeve (not shown in the figure) to reduce the mechanical damage caused by the impact of the separation rod 703 when the potatoes fall on the separation rod 703.

[0067] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the second frame 2 includes two second side plates 201 arranged on the left and right, the front ends of the second side plates 201 are respectively connected to the first side plates 102 through the first connecting rod 202 and the second connecting rod 203, and the two sides of the bottom of the rear end of the second side plates 201 are respectively rotatably connected with auxiliary rollers 204, so that the second frame 2 can move forward following the first frame 1. A conveying device 8 drivingly connected to the wheel 5 is arranged on the side of the second frame 2 close to the first frame 1.

[0068] like Figure 3As shown, the conveying device 8 adopts a synchronous belt conveying device, which includes a first synchronous belt roller 801 and a second synchronous belt roller 802 that are respectively rotatably installed at the bottom of the front end of the second side plate 201, and a third synchronous belt roller 803 that is rotatably installed at the top of the front end of the second side plate 201. A synchronous belt 804 is connected to the outside of the first synchronous belt roller 801, the second synchronous belt roller 802, and the third synchronous belt roller 803. A pressure belt wheel 805 is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the front end of each of the two second side plates 201. The two pressure belt wheels 805 are respectively pressed tightly on the two side edges of the top surface of the synchronous belt 804, so that the synchronous belt 804 is generally in an "L" shape as a whole, and the bottom section of the synchronous belt 804 is arranged below the end of the separating rod 703, and the top section of the synchronous belt 804 is inclined away from the separating rod 703.

[0069] Among them, a gear accelerator 14 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the outer side surface of the front end of the right second side plate 201. The output shaft end of the gear accelerator 14 is fixedly connected to the right end of the first synchronous belt roller 801, and a first driven sprocket is fixedly installed at the input shaft end of the gear accelerator 14; a first driving sprocket is fixedly installed at the shaft end of the right wheel 5, and the first driving sprocket and the first driven sprocket are connected by a first chain drive; then during the process of the wheel 5 rolling forward clockwise, the first synchronous belt roller 801 is driven to rotate counterclockwise through the chain drive device and the gear accelerator 14, and the rotation speed of the first synchronous belt roller 801 is greater than the rotation speed of the wheel 5, thereby driving the synchronous belt 804 to move counterclockwise, and sending the potatoes and part of the soil that fall from the end of the separating rod 703 onto the synchronous belt 804 to the top of the end of the conveying device 8.

[0070] A number of uniformly distributed strip-shaped material grooves 9 are arranged on the surface of the synchronous belt 804. As Figure 13 shown, the side wall of the strip-shaped material groove 9 is a rake tooth-like structure. The notch direction of the strip-shaped material groove 9 is upward on the top surface of the synchronous belt 804, so that the continuously falling potatoes and a small amount of soil on the surface of the synchronous belt 804 are separated into continuous small segments by the strip-shaped material grooves 9. When the strip-shaped material grooves 9 enter the upper inclined section of the synchronous belt 804 from the bottom horizontal section of the synchronous belt 804, the potatoes and soil in each small segment slide down along the surface of the synchronous belt 804 into the corresponding strip-shaped material grooves 9, and part of the soil continues to fall downward through the rake tooth gaps of the strip-shaped material grooves 9, thereby realizing the secondary separation of a part of the potatoes from a part of the small amount of soil. Preferably, through holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the synchronous belt 804, so that the fallen soil can directly fall back to the ground surface through the through holes.

[0071] Below the top end of the conveying device 8 and away from one side of the first frame 1, a material collecting trough 10 that is fixedly installed on the second frame 2 and is inclined is provided. As Figure 14As shown, the material collecting trough 10 is welded by a bottom plate and baffles located on both sides of the top surface of the bottom plate, and a discharge port is left between the bottom ends of the two baffles, so that the potatoes continuously transported by the synchronous belt 804 and part of the soil wrapped on the surface of the potatoes are continuously turned over in the material collecting trough 10, and then continuously slide down and gather. Preferably, the top of the trough bottom of the material collecting trough 10 is a rake-tooth structure staggered with the strip material trough 9, so that the material connection between the material collecting trough 10 and each strip material trough 9 is more compact and smooth.

[0072] A spiral screening assembly 11 is provided below the discharge end of the aggregate trough 10 and is rotatably mounted on the second frame 2 and is transmission-connected to the conveying device 8. Figures 15 to 17 As shown, the spiral screening material assembly 11 includes a vertical shaft 111 rotatably mounted on the second frame 2, and a spiral screening material trough 112 fixedly sleeved on the outside of the vertical shaft 111. Among them, the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are respectively welded and fixed between the top and the bottom of the two second side plates 201, the vertical shaft 111 is vertically mounted between the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate, and the two ends of the vertical shaft 111 are respectively rotatably mounted in the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate through bearings; the spiral screening material trough 112 is a conical spiral structure with a larger upper part and a smaller lower part and is coaxially arranged with the vertical shaft 111, and the inner wall of the spiral screening material trough 112 is fixedly connected to the vertical shaft 111 through multiple connecting rods, so that the spiral screening material trough 112 can rotate synchronously with the vertical shaft 111.

[0073] The top of the vertical shaft 111 is fixedly connected with a driven bevel gear 13, and the tops of the two second side plates 201 are rotatably mounted with a gear shaft 18, and the gear shaft 18 is fixedly mounted with a driving bevel gear 15 located on the left side of the top of the driven bevel gear 13 and meshingly connected with the driven bevel gear 13, and the driving bevel gear 15 and the driven bevel gear 13 are in a speed-increasing transmission. The right end of the gear shaft 18 is fixedly mounted with a second driven sprocket located on the outside of the second side plate 201, and the right end of the third synchronous belt roller 803 is fixedly mounted with a second driving sprocket located on the outside of the second side plate 201, and the second driving sprocket is connected with the second driven sprocket through a second chain transmission, so that the spiral screening trough 112 can rotate clockwise synchronously during the continuous feeding process of the conveying device 8, so that the potatoes in the spiral screening trough 112 can continuously roll down along the spiral screening trough 112.

[0074] A number of screening holes 114 are provided on the spiral groove bottom of the spiral screening trough 112. The screening holes 114 are divided into four consecutive sections from top to bottom on the spiral screening trough 112. The horizontal projection of each section corresponds to 3 / 4 of a spiral ring. The aperture within each section is the same, and the apertures in the four sections increase gradually. Specifically, the aperture of the screening holes 114 in the topmost section is 1-2 mm, so that potatoes cannot pass through the screening holes in this section, and only small particles of soil are allowed to pass through the screening holes in this section. The specific aperture sizes of the remaining three sections of screening holes 114 are determined according to the potato sorting grades. Then, the potatoes that slide down from the collecting trough 10 and the part of the soil wrapped on the surface of the potatoes fall into the spiral screening trough 112. Part of the soil wrapped on the surface of the potatoes falls off from the potato surface due to impact. During the rotation of the spiral screening trough 112, the fallen soil directly falls back to the soil surface through the screening holes 114 in the first section; during the process of the potatoes rolling downward on the bottom of the spiral screening trough 112, the potatoes of the smallest size grade fall out of the spiral screening trough 112 through the screening holes 114 in the second section, the potatoes of the second size grade fall out of the spiral screening trough 112 through the screening holes 114 in the third section, and the remaining potatoes are of the third size grade and fall out of the spiral screening trough 112 through the screening holes 114 in the fourth section.

[0075] At the same time, during the rolling process of the potatoes, the soil on their surfaces is continuously shaken off or peeled off by friction. Since there may be connecting rootstocks between the potatoes, when the smaller potatoes fall below the spiral screening trough 112 and the larger potatoes are blocked and retained in the spiral screening trough 112, during the rotation of the spiral screening trough 112, the edges of the screening holes 114 can cut off the hanging rootstocks, so as to separate the small potatoes from the large potatoes. Then the small potatoes fall, and the large potatoes continue to slide downward in the spiral screening trough 112.

[0076] Preferably, the projection of the inner wall / outer wall of the spiral screening trough 112 in the vertical direction is in the shape of an Archimedean line, so that there is no overlap in the vertical projection direction of the spiral screening trough 112. Then the soil falling from the screening holes 114 in the upper layer will not fall back into the lower trough, avoiding repeated screening and improving the screening efficiency. Further, a baffle 113 is integrally provided at the top of the inner wall of the spiral screening trough 112, which can effectively prevent the potatoes from jumping out of the trough due to the rebound effect of the trough bottom after falling out of the collecting trough 10, ensuring that all the potatoes fall into the spiral screening trough 112.

[0077] A material distribution and discharging channel assembly 16 is fixedly connected below the spiral screening assembly 11, as Figures 18 to 20As shown, the material distribution and discharging channel assembly 16 includes a first spiral channel 161, a second spiral channel 162, and a third spiral channel 163 that are adjacent to each other in sequence. The first spiral channel 161, the second spiral channel 162, and the third spiral channel 163 form a spiral structure that matches the spiral screening trough 112, and the three channels are not connected to each other. Among them, the first spiral channel 161, the second spiral channel 162, and the third spiral channel 163 are respectively located directly below the second section, the third section, and the fourth section of the screening holes 114. Then, the potatoes that are classified and screened and fall from the screening holes 114 respectively fall into the first spiral channel 161, the second spiral channel 162, and the third spiral channel 163 during the vertical falling process.

[0078] As Figure 20 shown, a first discharge port 164 is provided at the bottom end of the first spiral channel 161, and a first discharge pipe 167 is provided below the first discharge port 164; a second discharge port 165 is provided at the bottom end of the second spiral channel 162, and a second discharge pipe 168 is provided below the second discharge port 165; a third discharge port 166 is provided at the bottom end of the third spiral channel 163, and a third discharge pipe 169 is provided below the third discharge port 166. Then, the potatoes of three size grades that respectively fall into the first spiral channel 161, the second spiral channel 162, and the third spiral channel 163 respectively fall vertically through the first discharge pipe 167, the second discharge pipe 168, and the third discharge pipe 169, and are distributed in three annular regions corresponding to the circular motion of the three discharge pipes. The position assembly structure of the spiral screening component 11 and the material distribution and discharging channel assembly 16 is as Figure 21 and Figure 22 shown.

[0079] A material distribution and vibrating discharge trough assembly 17 is movably embedded in the second frame 2 below the material distribution and discharging channel assembly 16. As Figures 23 to 25 shown, the material distribution and vibrating discharge trough assembly 17 includes a third discharge trough 173 sleeved outside the bottom end of the vertical shaft 111, a second discharge trough 172 fixedly sleeved outside the third discharge trough 173, and a first discharge trough 171 fixedly sleeved outside the second discharge trough 172.

[0080] Among them, the bottom end outlet of the first discharge pipe 167 is located directly above the first discharge trough 171, the bottom end outlet of the second discharge pipe 168 is located directly above the second discharge trough 172, and the bottom end outlet of the third discharge pipe 169 is located directly above the third discharge trough 173. That is, the openings of the three discharge troughs correspond to the three annular regions corresponding to the circular motion of the three discharge pipes. Then, the potatoes of three size grades falling from the three discharge ports respectively fall into the three mutually isolated discharge troughs.

[0081] The bottom surface of the third discharge chute 173 is a conical surface that is concave in the middle, and six third discharge openings 174 are evenly distributed around the central axis of the conical surface; the bottom surface of the second discharge chute 172 is inclined downward to the left lower side of the third discharge chute 173, and a second discharge opening 175 is provided at the bottom end of the bottom surface of the second discharge chute 172. A second discharge pipe 176 that is inclined downward is provided below the second discharge opening 175; the bottom surface of the first discharge chute 171 is inclined downward to the right lower side of the third discharge chute 173, and a first discharge opening 177 is provided at the bottom end of the bottom surface of the first discharge chute 171. A first discharge pipe 178 that is inclined downward is provided below the first discharge opening 177. Then, the potatoes of the smaller size grade in the first discharge chute 171 are discharged through the first discharge pipe 178 and linearly distributed in the right region of the soil along the advancing direction of the harvester; the potatoes of the medium size grade in the second discharge chute 172 are discharged through the second discharge pipe 176 and linearly distributed in the left region of the soil along the advancing direction of the harvester; the potatoes of the larger size grade in the third discharge chute 173 are directly discharged through the third discharge openings 174 and fall onto the surface soil, and are linearly distributed in the middle region of the soil along the advancing direction of the harvester, realizing the screening and collection of potatoes of three size grades.

[0082] Preferably, an outer side of the first discharge chute 171 is sleeved with a discharge chute supporting ring 19 fixedly installed on the second frame 2. As Figure 26 shown, a lapping flange is provided at the top edge of the first discharge chute 171, and the lapping flange lapps on the top surface of the discharge chute supporting ring 19; a vertically arranged guiding strip (not shown in the figure) is fixedly connected to an outer wall of the first discharge chute 171, and a guiding groove (not shown in the figure) that cooperates with the guiding strip is provided on an inner wall of the discharge chute supporting ring 19, so that the first discharge chute 171 vertically floats in the discharge chute supporting ring 19. A vibration spring 179 sleeved on an outer side of a bottom end of the vertical shaft 111 is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom surface of the third discharge chute 173. During the traveling process of the harvester, the material distribution and vibrating discharge chute assembly 17 generates random vertical floating vibrations, so that the potatoes in the three discharge chutes can smoothly fall out.

[0083] A third mounting plate and a fourth mounting plate are respectively welded and fixed between the tops and bottoms of the middle positions of the two second side plates 201. A pore clearing assembly 12 located on one side of the spiral screening chute 112 and below the material collecting trough 10 is fixedly installed on the second frame 2 (between the third mounting plate and the fourth mounting plate). An execution end of the pore clearing assembly 12 is slidably embedded between the spiral screening assembly 11 and the material distribution and blanking channel assembly 16. As Figure 27As shown, the porous component 12 includes a vertical column 121, a guiding column 122 sleeved outside the vertical column 121, and a guiding block 123 slidably sleeved outside the vertical column 121 and vertically and slidably embedded in the guiding column 122. The vertical column 121 is vertically and fixedly arranged between the third mounting plate and the fourth mounting plate, and a vertically arranged guiding groove is formed on the side surface of the vertical column 121 close to the spiral screening trough 112. Under the limiting action of the guiding column 122 and the guiding groove, the guiding block 123 can reciprocate in the vertical direction.

[0084] A return spring 124 sleeved outside the vertical column 121 is fixedly connected between the top surface of the guiding block 123 and the top of the guiding column 122; a telescopic rod 125 is fixedly connected to the outer side surface of the guiding block 123. The telescopic rod 125 adopts a multi-layer sleeve type spring telescopic rod, and the telescopic length of each layer of sleeve is not less than the radial single-layer groove width of the spiral screening trough 112. The free end of the telescopic rod 125 is fixedly connected with a scraping plate 126 clamped between the bottom of the spiral screening trough 112 and the top of the first spiral channel 161 / the second spiral channel 162 / the third spiral channel 163, as Figure 28 and Figure 29 shown. The scraping plate 126 is a horizontally arranged "L"-shaped thin plate. Under the pulling force of the return spring 124, the top surface of the horizontal section of the scraping plate 126 is slidably attached to the bottom surface of the spiral screening trough 112, and the inner side surface of the vertical section of the scraping plate 26 is slidably attached to the outer side surface of the inner wall of the spiral screening trough 112. Among them, a certain gap is left between the inner side wall of the first spiral channel 161 / the second spiral channel 162 / the third spiral channel 163 and the inner side wall of the spiral screening trough 112, and a certain gap is left between the top end of the outer wall of the first spiral channel 161 / the second spiral channel 162 / the third spiral channel 163 and the bottom surface of the spiral screening trough 112, so that the scraping plate 126 can continuously slide between the first spiral channel 161 / the second spiral channel 162 / the third spiral channel 163 and the spiral screening trough 112.

[0085] When the spiral screening trough 112 rotates continuously clockwise to complete the separation process of potatoes from the soil adhering to their surfaces, the bottom spiral surface of the spiral screening trough 112 continuously acts on the top surface of the horizontal section and the inner side surface of the vertical section of the scraping plate 126, causing the guide block 123, the telescopic rod 125, and the scraping plate 126 to move continuously vertically downward, and the return spring 124 is stretched and stores energy; at the same time, the scraping plate 126 moves continuously horizontally towards one side of the vertical shaft 111, the sleeve inside the telescopic rod 125 is pulled out, and the spring is stretched and stores energy. During this process, the scraping plate 126 slides relative to the bottom surface of the spiral screening trough 112, and can push the smaller potatoes or bumps stuck in the screening holes 114, causing them to move out of the screening holes 114 and continue to roll downward along the top surface of the spiral screening trough 112, realizing the combing of the screening holes 114, and at the same time can cut off the hanging roots, so as to separate the small potatoes from the large potatoes, and then the small potatoes fall, and the large potatoes continue to slide downward in the spiral screening trough 112. When the scraping plate 126 moves down to the lowest position and the telescopic rod 125 extends to the farthest distance, the scraping plate 126 is located at the bottom end of the spiral screening trough 112; after the spiral screening trough 112 continues to rotate, the scraping plate 126 separates from the bottom end of the spiral screening trough 112, the telescopic rod 125 contracts under the action of the spring inside it, and the guide block 123 moves upward and resets under the action of the return spring 124, then after resetting, the scraping plate 126 is re-located below the top end of the spiral screening trough 112, and then the automatic cycle starts the next cycle of screening hole combing process.

[0086] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, shall be included in the patent protection scope of the present invention by the same token.

Claims

1. A potato harvester with a sorting and collecting function, comprising a first frame (1) and a second frame (2) fixedly mounted on the rear end of the first frame (1), Features: A bottom beam (3) is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the first frame (1), and a plurality of position-adjustable plow shovel assemblies (4) are sleeved on the bottom beam (3); wheels (5) are rotatably mounted on both sides of the first frame (1); both ends of the bottom beam (3) are fixedly mounted with vibration transmission assemblies (6) coaxially fixed with the wheels (5); a power output end of the vibration transmission assembly (6) is movably connected to a vibration separation assembly (7) rotatably mounted on the rear end of the first frame (1); A conveying device (8) drivingly connected to the wheel (5) is provided on one side of the second frame (2) close to the first frame (1), and a plurality of evenly distributed strip-shaped material troughs (9) are provided on the conveying device (8); A material collecting trough (10) fixedly mounted on the second frame (2) and arranged obliquely is arranged below the top end of the conveying device (8) away from the first frame (1); a spiral screening assembly (11) rotatably mounted on the second frame (2) and transmission-connected to the conveying device (8) is arranged below the discharge end of the material collecting trough (10); a material dividing and discharging channel assembly (16) is fixedly connected below the spiral screening assembly (11); a sparse hole assembly (12) is fixedly mounted on the second frame (2); an actuating end of the sparse hole assembly (12) is slidably embedded between the spiral screening assembly (11) and the material dividing and discharging channel assembly (16); and a material dividing and discharging vibration discharging trough assembly (17) movably embedded on the second frame (2) is arranged below the material dividing and discharging channel assembly (16).

2. A potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions according to claim 1, Features: The spiral screening assembly (11) comprises a vertical shaft (111) rotatably mounted on the second frame (2), and a spiral screening trough (112) fixedly sleeved on the outside of the vertical shaft (111), wherein a plurality of screening holes (114) are provided on the spiral trough bottom of the spiral screening trough (112).

3. A potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions according to claim 2, Features: The spiral screening trough (112) is in the form of a conical spiral line structure, and the projection of the inner wall / outer wall of the spiral screening trough (112) in the vertical direction is in the form of an Archimedean line.

4. A potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions according to claim 2, Features: The screening holes (114) are divided into four continuous sections from top to bottom on the spiral screening trough (112), the aperture in each section is the same, and the apertures in the four sections increase section by section.

5. A potato harvester with sorting and collecting functions according to claim 3, Features: The material distribution and discharging channel assembly (16) includes a first spiral channel (161), a second spiral channel (162), and a third spiral channel (163) that are adjacent to each other in sequence. The first spiral channel (161), the second spiral channel (162), and the third spiral channel (163) form a spiral structure that matches the spiral screening trough (112).

6. A potato harvester with sorting and collection functions according to claim 5, wherein: A first discharge port (164) is provided at the bottom end of the first spiral channel (161), and a first discharge pipe (167) is provided below the first discharge port (164); a second discharge port (165) is provided at the bottom end of the second spiral channel (162), and a second discharge pipe (168) is provided below the second discharge port (165); a third discharge port (166) is provided at the bottom end of the third spiral channel (163), and a third discharge pipe (169) is provided below the third discharge port (166).

7. A potato harvester with sorting and collection functions according to claim 6, wherein: The material distribution and vibrating discharge trough assembly (17) includes a third discharge trough (173) sleeved outside the bottom end of the vertical shaft (111), a second discharge trough (172) fixedly sleeved outside the third discharge trough (173), and a first discharge trough (171) fixedly sleeved outside the second discharge trough (172); The bottom end outlet of the first discharge pipe (167) is located directly above the first discharge trough (171), the bottom end outlet of the second discharge pipe (168) is located directly above the second discharge trough (172), and the bottom end outlet of the third discharge pipe (169) is located directly above the third discharge trough (173).

8. A potato harvester with sorting and collection functions according to claim 7, wherein: At least one third discharge port (174) is provided on the bottom surface of the third discharge trough (173); The bottom surface of the second discharge trough (172) is inclined downward toward one side of the third discharge trough (173), and at least one second discharge port (175) is provided at the bottom end of the bottom surface of the second discharge trough (172). A second discharge pipe (176) inclined downward is provided below the second discharge port (175); The bottom surface of the first discharge trough (171) is inclined downward toward the other side of the third discharge trough (173), and at least one first discharge port (177) is provided at the bottom end of the bottom surface of the first discharge trough (171). A first discharge pipe (178) inclined downward is provided below the first discharge port (177).

9. A potato harvester with sorting and collection functions according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: A discharge trough supporting ring (19) fixedly installed on the second frame (2) is sleeved outside the first discharge trough (171), and a vibrating spring (179) sleeved outside the bottom end of the vertical shaft (111) is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom surface of the third discharge trough (173).

10. A potato harvester with sorting and collection functions according to claim 5, wherein: The porous component (12) includes a column (121), a guide column (122) sleeved outside the column (121), and a guide block (123) slidably sleeved outside the column (121) and vertically and slidably embedded in the guide column (122). A return spring (124) sleeved outside the column (121) is fixedly connected between the top surface of the guide block (123) and the top of the guide column (122). A telescopic rod (125) is fixedly connected to the outer side surface of the guide block (123), and a scraping plate (126) is fixedly connected to the free end of the telescopic rod (125). The scraping plate (126) is sleeved between the bottom of the spiral screening groove (112) and the top of the first spiral channel (161) / the second spiral channel (162) / the third spiral channel (163).

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