A manual-automatic electric vehicle speed change system and its use method

Abstract

A manual-automatic electric vehicle transmission system includes a transmission device and a fork device; the gear assembly includes a slow gear, a fast gear and an output gear; the claw plate assembly is arranged between the slow gear and the fast gear, including a first claw plate and a second claw plate that are circumferentially limited and slide up and down on a support shaft; the upper end of the first claw plate is provided with a first claw tooth, and the same side of each first claw tooth is provided with a slope surface; the lower end of the second claw plate is provided with a second claw tooth; the fork device drives the second claw plate to move up and down and position it, and the positioning position includes the first claw tooth being completely located in the first through hole, the first slope surface intersecting with the lower end surface of the first through hole, and the second claw tooth being located in the second through hole. The manual-automatic electric vehicle transmission system has a simple and compact structure, which not only realizes the smooth transition conversion between the slow gear, reverse gear and fast gear of the electric vehicle, but also has a faster gear shift response, avoids the phenomenon of tooth hitting and tooth top, and realizes different states of vehicle sliding and anti-slipping, and has a wider range of applications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electric vehicle transmissions, and in particular to a manual-automatic transmission system for an electric vehicle and a method of using the same. Background Art

[0002] Electric vehicles use batteries as energy and are driven by electric motors. They do not require human pedaling and save energy. Compared with internal combustion engine-driven vehicles such as motorcycles, they have low noise, no exhaust gas, and less pollution, so they have developed rapidly.

[0003] Electric vehicles can achieve smooth power output and achieve different vehicle speeds by changing the speed of the motor. Traditional electric vehicles do not have clutches and synchronizers. When shifting gears, the speed is changed by adjusting the meshing between gears with different numbers of teeth and changing the relationship between the numbers of teeth. This method not only has a slow shifting response, especially from fast gear to slow gear, but also when shifting gears, the gears will be misaligned and re-engaged, which will have a strong impact on the gears, making the transmission unstable and easily causing damage to the gears. In addition, adding clutches and synchronizers will result in excessively high costs, excessively large size and changes in the control and driving mode of the electric vehicle, and is not suitable for use in electric vehicles. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a manual-automatic transmission system for an electric vehicle, which has a simple and compact structure and can not only realize smooth transition conversion between slow gear, reverse gear and fast gear of the electric vehicle, but also achieve faster gear shifting response and avoid the phenomenon of gear hitting and gear hitting during traditional gear shifting, but also enable the electric vehicle to realize different states of gliding and anti-slipping in different driving environments, and has a wider and broader scope of application.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a manual-automatic electric vehicle transmission system, comprising a transmission device and a shift fork device;

[0006] The speed change device comprises a transmission shaft, a gear assembly and a claw plate assembly;

[0007] The transmission shaft is rotatably mounted on the box shell;

[0008] The gear assembly comprises a slow gear, a fast gear and an output gear which are arranged on the transmission shaft in sequence from top to bottom, the slow gear and the fast gear are fitted and axially limited, and the output gear is fixedly arranged;

[0009] The slow gear is provided with a plurality of first through holes arranged circumferentially;

[0010] The claw plate assembly is arranged between the slow gear and the fast gear, and includes a first claw plate and a second claw plate which are circumferentially limited and slide up and down on the transmission shaft;

[0011] A plurality of first claw teeth matching the plurality of first through holes are provided at the upper end of the first claw plate, a first slope surface is provided on the same side of each first claw tooth, and the lowest point of the first slope surface is higher than the upper end surface of the first claw plate;

[0012] The second claw plate is located below the first claw plate, and a second spring sleeved on the support shaft is arranged between the second claw plate and the first claw plate; the lower end of the second claw plate is provided with a second claw tooth that matches the second through hole on the fast gear and drives the fast gear to rotate together;

[0013] The shift fork device drives the second claw plate to move up and down and position it, and the positioning position includes that all the first claw teeth are located in the first through hole, the first slope surface intersects with the lower end surface of the first through hole, and the second claw teeth are located in the second through hole;

[0014] When the first slope surface intersects with the lower end surface of the first through hole, the first through hole relatively smoothly transitions from the first slope surface.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a positioning assembly located above the slow gear, the positioning assembly including a positioning claw plate and a first spring sleeved on the transmission shaft;

[0016] The lower end of the positioning claw plate is provided with a positioning claw tooth located in the first through hole, and the sum of the height of the positioning claw tooth and the height of the first claw tooth is greater than the height of the first through hole;

[0017] The elastic force of the first spring acts on the positioning claw disk, and the elastic force of the first spring is greater than that of the second spring.

[0018] Furthermore, a second slope surface is provided on the second claw tooth, and the upper end of the second slope surface is flush with the lower end surface of the second claw plate;

[0019] The second slope surface is on the same side as the first slope surface;

[0020] When the second claw tooth is located in the second through hole, the second through hole transitions relatively smoothly from the second slope surface.

[0021] Furthermore, the lowest point of the first slope surface is located at the center of the total height of the first claw tooth.

[0022] Further, the first claw plate and the second claw plate are connected to the transmission shaft through a keyway;

[0023] The upper and lower parts of the slow gear and the fast gear are respectively fixed by clamping springs sleeved on the transmission shaft.

[0024] Furthermore, a protrusion is provided at the lower end of the first claw plate, a groove is provided at the upper end of the second claw plate, the upper end of the second spring is sleeved on the protrusion, and the lower end is located in the groove.

[0025] Further, the fork device comprises a support shaft, a drive disc and a fork assembly;

[0026] The support shaft is rotatably mounted on the housing, and a shift fork gear is fixedly disposed at one end thereof to provide torque for the support shaft;

[0027] The driving disc is fixedly sleeved on the supporting shaft, and one end of the driving disc is provided with a spiral slope track of a circumferential structure;

[0028] A rotary slope is provided on the rotary slope track to enable the second claw plate to slide up and down for positioning;

[0029] The fork assembly slides axially on the supporting shaft, and under the elastic force of the fork spring, one end of the fork assembly is always in contact with the spiral slope track, and one side of the fork assembly moves the second claw plate up and down under the action of the second spring.

[0030] Furthermore, the spiral slope track is evenly divided into an even number of parts, each part includes a first spiral slope, a second spiral slope and a third spiral slope arranged in sequence, the heights of the first spiral slope, the second spiral slope and the third spiral slope change in sequence, and there is a smooth transition between them;

[0031] A path from the first spiral slope along the second spiral slope to the third spiral slope is greater than a path from the third spiral slope to the adjacent first spiral slope.

[0032] Furthermore, two supporting rollers are rotatably mounted on the fork assembly, the two supporting rollers are symmetrically arranged and correspond one to one with two parts of the spiral slope track, and the supporting rollers roll tightly against the spiral slope track.

[0033] A method for using a manual-automatic electric vehicle transmission system comprises the following steps:

[0034] a. Start the small shift motor, the shift fork gear drives the support shaft to rotate, and the drive plate rotates accordingly. Under the action of the shift fork spring, the support roller on the shift fork assembly is always in close contact with the spiral slope track on the drive plate;

[0035] When the supporting roller is located on the first rotary slope, all the first claw teeth on the first claw plate are located in the first through holes on the slow gear;

[0036] When the driving motor outputs power and drives the slow gear and the fast gear to rotate forward, the fast gear idles, and the slow gear drives the first claw plate to transmit power to the output gear through the transmission shaft limited by the circumference of the first claw plate, thus completing the slow gear output;

[0037] When the output power drives the slow gear and the fast gear to rotate in the opposite direction, the fast gear is still idling, and all the first claw teeth are located in the first through hole on the slow gear, and the power is still transmitted to the output gear through the transmission shaft in the opposite direction, completing the reverse gear output;

[0038] b. When the support roller moves from the first rotary slope to the second rotary slope, the downward elastic force of the positioning claw on the first claw is greater than the upward elastic force of the second spring on the first claw plate, so that the first claw plate moves downward, and the first slope surface on the first claw intersects with the lower end surface of the slow gear;

[0039] When the slow gear and the fast gear rotate forward, the fast gear idles, and the slow gear drives the first claw plate to transmit power to the output gear through the transmission shaft to complete the slow gear output;

[0040] When the slow gear and the fast gear rotate in opposite directions, the fast gear idles, and the slow gear reverses to squeeze and stagger the first slope surface, and the first slope surface and the lower end surface of the slow gear are kept intersecting through the upward elastic force of the second spring and the downward elastic force of the positioning claw on the first claw, so that the output gear cannot output in reverse gear, and the electric vehicle is in a slow gear and gliding output state;

[0041] c. When the supporting roller rolls from the second rotary slope to the third rotary slope, the shift fork assembly drives the second claw plate to move downward, and the second claw teeth on the second claw plate are located in the second through hole on the fast gear;

[0042] When the slow gear and the fast gear rotate, the fast gear drives the second claw plate, and transmits the power to the output gear through the transmission shaft which is circumferentially limited with the second claw plate, thus completing the fast gear output;

[0043] At this time, when the slow gear rotates, the fast gear will be overtaken by the slow gear without affecting the output of the fast gear;

[0044] d. When the support roller moves from the third rotary slope to the fourth rotary slope, the output state is consistent with the support roller being on the second rotary slope, the output gear outputs in slow gear, but cannot output in reverse gear, and the electric vehicle is in slow gear and gliding output state.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a manual-automatic electric vehicle transmission system and its use method. Since the shift fork device drives the second claw plate to move up and down and position it, when all the first claw teeth are located in the first through hole, the slow gear drives the transmission shaft and the output gear to rotate through the first claw plate, thereby realizing the slow gear and reverse gear output of the output gear, and the controller on the electric vehicle controls the drive motor to achieve the reverse drag effect, effectively preventing the electric vehicle from slipping when driving uphill or downhill; when the first slope surface intersects with the lower end surface of the first through hole, the slow gear output of the output gear is realized, and when the slow gear reverses, since the first slope surface intersects with the lower end surface of the slow gear, the slow gear squeezes and staggers the first slope surface, thereby This makes it impossible to output reverse gear, which can realize the gliding state of the electric vehicle when driving; when the second claw tooth is located in the second through hole, the fast gear drives the second claw plate and transfers power to the output gear to complete the fast gear output; and when the slow gear rotates, the slow gear will be overtaken by the fast gear without affecting the fast gear output; therefore, the overall structure of the device is simple and compact, which can realize the smooth transition conversion of the electric vehicle between slow gear, reverse gear and fast gear, and the gear shifting response is faster. The first claw tooth on the first claw plate is in an active state for a long time when the vehicle is driving, which effectively avoids the situation of tooth hitting and tooth top caused by mutual meshing of traditional gears; in addition, the electric vehicle can realize different states of gliding and anti-slipping in different driving environments, and has a wider range of applications;

[0046] Because the driving support shaft rotates, the driving plate drives the fork assembly to move axially on the support shaft, and the fork spring is used to keep the supporting roller on the fork assembly in close contact with the spiral slope track at all times. Therefore, this fork structure not only makes the gear shifting response fast, ensures the stable rotation of the driving plate and the precise control of the fork assembly, but also avoids the traditional method of moving the fork shaft up and down, which causes large space occupation, high cost and large gear shifting friction, prolongs the service life of the driving plate, and facilitates the placement of the support shaft in the box for sealing and lubrication. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 is an exploded view of the speed change device in the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the first claw plate in the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the second claw plate in the present invention;

[0051] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first claw tooth in the present invention being completely located in the first through hole;

[0052] Figure 6It is a schematic diagram of the intersection of the first slope surface and the lower end surface of the first through hole in the present invention;

[0053] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the shift fork device in the present invention;

[0054] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the drive disk in the present invention;

[0055] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the drive disk in the present invention;

[0056] In the figure: 11, support shaft, 12, fork gear, 13, fork assembly, 14, fork spring, 15, support roller, 2, drive plate, 21, first spiral slope, 22, second spiral slope, 23, third spiral slope, 24, fourth spiral slope, 3, transmission shaft, 41, slow gear, 411, first through hole, 42, fast gear, 421, second through hole, 43, output gear, 51, positioning claw plate, 52, first claw plate, 521, first claw tooth, 522, first slope surface, 53, second claw plate, 531, second claw tooth, 532, second slope surface, 61, first spring, 62, second spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0058] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the present invention is a manual-automatic electric vehicle transmission system, comprising a transmission device and a shift fork device.

[0059] The speed change device comprises a transmission shaft 3, a gear assembly and a claw plate assembly;

[0060] The transmission shaft 3 is rotatably mounted on the box shell;

[0061] The gear assembly includes a slow gear 41, a fast gear 42 and an output gear 43 which are arranged on the transmission shaft 3 from top to bottom in sequence. The slow gear 41 and the fast gear 42 are fitted and axially limited, and the output gear 43 is fixedly arranged.

[0062] The slow gear 41 is provided with a plurality of first through holes 411 arranged circumferentially; preferably, the first through holes 411 are in a U-shaped hole structure;

[0063] The claw plate assembly is arranged between the slow gear 41 and the fast gear 42, and includes a first claw plate 52 and a second claw plate 53 which are circumferentially limited and slide up and down on the transmission shaft 3;

[0064] A plurality of first claw teeth 521 matching the plurality of first through holes 411 are disposed at the upper end of the first claw plate 52, and a first slope surface 522 is disposed on the same side of each first claw tooth 521, and the lowest point of the first slope surface 522 is higher than the upper end surface of the first claw plate 52;

[0065] The second claw plate 53 is located below the first claw plate 52, and a second spring 62 sleeved on the support shaft 11 is arranged between the second claw plate 53 and the second claw tooth 531 is matched with the second through hole 421 on the fast gear 42 and drives the fast gear 42 to rotate together.

[0066] The shift fork device drives the second claw plate 53 to move up and down and position, and the positioning position includes the first claw teeth 521 are all located in the first through hole 411, the first slope surface 522 intersects with the lower end surface of the first through hole 411, and the second claw teeth 531 are located in the second through hole 421;

[0067] When the first slope surface 522 intersects with the lower end surface of the first through hole 411 , the first through hole 411 transitions smoothly from the first slope surface 522 .

[0068] like Figure 2 As shown, further, the device also includes a positioning assembly located above the slow gear 41, and the positioning assembly includes a positioning claw plate 51 and a first spring 61 sleeved on the transmission shaft 3;

[0069] The lower end of the positioning claw plate 51 is provided with a positioning claw tooth located in the first through hole 411, and the sum of the height of the positioning claw tooth and the height of the first claw tooth 521 is greater than the height of the first through hole 411;

[0070] The elastic force of the first spring 61 acts on the positioning claw plate 51, and its elastic force is greater than that of the second spring 62; preferably, the first spring 61 is a disc spring, and the second spring 62 is a cylindrical spring.

[0071] like Figure 4 As shown, further, a second slope surface 532 is provided on the second claw tooth 531, and the upper end of the second slope surface 532 is flush with the lower end surface of the second claw plate 53;

[0072] The second slope surface 532 is on the same side as the first slope surface 522; preferably, the second through holes 421 are four groups of U-shaped hole structures and are evenly arranged around the circumference, and the second claw teeth 531 are four groups and correspond to the second through holes 421;

[0073] When the second claw tooth 531 is located in the second through hole 421 , the second through hole 421 transitions relatively smoothly from the second slope surface 532 .

[0074] Furthermore, the lowest point of the first slope surface 522 is located at the center of the total height of the first claw tooth 521 .

[0075] like Figure 2 As shown, further, the first claw plate 52 and the second claw plate 53 are connected to the transmission shaft 3 through a keyway;

[0076] The upper and lower parts of the slow gear 41 and the fast gear 42 are fixed by the retaining springs sleeved on the transmission shaft 3 respectively;

[0077] Furthermore, a protrusion is provided at the lower end of the first claw plate 52, and a groove is provided at the upper end of the second claw plate 53. The upper end of the second spring 62 is sleeved on the protrusion, and the lower end is located in the groove.

[0078] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, further, the fork device includes a support shaft 11, a drive disc 2 and a fork assembly 13;

[0079] The support shaft 11 is rotatably mounted on the housing, and a shift fork gear 12 is fixed at one end to provide torque for the support shaft 11.

[0080] The driving disc 2 is fixedly mounted on the supporting shaft 11, and one end of the driving disc 2 is provided with a spiral slope track of a circumferential structure;

[0081] The rotary slope track is provided with a rotary slope for enabling the second claw plate 53 to slide up and down for positioning;

[0082] The fork assembly 13 slides axially on the support shaft 11, and under the elastic force of the fork spring 14, one end of the fork assembly 13 is always in contact with the spiral ramp track, and one side of the fork assembly 13 moves the second claw plate 53 up and down under the action of the second spring 62;

[0083] like Figure 8 , Fig. 9 As shown, further, the spiral slope track is evenly divided into an even number of parts, each part includes a first spiral slope 21, a second spiral slope 22, a third spiral slope 23 and a fourth spiral slope 24 arranged in sequence, the heights of the first spiral slope 21, the second spiral slope 22 and the third spiral slope 23 change in sequence, and there is a smooth transition between them; the fourth spiral slope 24 is consistent in height with the second spiral slope 22;

[0084] In addition, as another way, each part includes a first spiral slope 21, a second spiral slope 22, and a third spiral slope 23 which are arranged in sequence;

[0085] The heights of the first spiral slope 21, the second spiral slope 22 and the third spiral slope 23 change sequentially, and they transition smoothly to each other;

[0086] A path from the first spiral slope 21 along the second spiral slope 22 to the third spiral slope 23 is greater than a path from the third spiral slope 23 to the adjacent first spiral slope 21 .

[0087] Therefore, when the support roller 15 rolls directly from the third rotary slope 23 to the first rotary slope 23, the output from the fast gear to the slow gear and the reverse gear can be realized. This rotary slope method shortens the response time between the fast gear and the slow gear, making it easier to disengage the fast gear, and the effect is better.

[0088] In the composition of each part of the spiral slope track, two supporting rollers 15 are rotatably mounted on the fork assembly 13. The two supporting rollers 15 are symmetrically arranged and correspond one to one with two parts of the spiral slope track. The supporting rollers 15 roll tightly against the spiral slope track.

[0089] When the transmission system for the manual-automatic electric vehicle is used, the slow gear 41 and the fast gear 42 rotate together through the input power, and the power can be output through the driving motor (battery) on the electric vehicle, and the transmission component meshes with the slow gear 41 and the fast gear 42;

[0090] The shift fork device drives the second claw plate 53 to move and position it. When the first claw teeth 521 on the first claw plate 52 are all located in the first through hole 411 on the slow gear 41, the output gear 43 on the transmission shaft 3 performs slow gear or reverse gear output; when the first claw teeth 521 are partially located in the first through hole 411, that is, when the first slope surface 522 intersects with the lower end surface of the slow gear 41, the output gear 43 performs slow gear output and cannot perform reverse gear output; when the second claw plate 53 moves downward and the second claw teeth 531 are located in the second through hole 421 on the fast gear 42, the output gear 43 performs fast gear output; this manual-automatic electric vehicle transmission system has a faster gear shifting response and higher control accuracy when changing speed.

[0091] Specifically: Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, when the fork device drives the second claw plate 53 to move upward, the second claw plate 53 compresses the first claw plate 52 through the second spring 62, so that the first claw plate 52 moves upward, and the first claw teeth 521 on the first claw plate 52 match the first through hole 411 on the slow gear 41. When the first claw teeth 521 are all located in the first through hole 411, the drive motor (battery) outputs power and drives the slow gear 41 and the fast gear 42 to rotate at the same time. Since the fast gear 42 is mounted on the transmission shaft 3 and is not circumferentially limited, the fast gear 42 idles, and the slow gear 41 rotates and drives the first claw plate 52. Since the first claw plate 52 is circumferentially limited on the transmission shaft 3, that is, the first claw plate 52 can pass The first claw plate 52 is installed with the transmission shaft 3 through a keyway or a spiral groove, so that the first claw plate 52 drives the transmission shaft 3 to rotate, thereby realizing the slow gear output of the output gear 43. This slow gear output has no one-way function, that is, when the output gear 43 is greater than the rotation of the transmission shaft 1, the controller on the electric vehicle controls the drive motor to achieve the reverse drag effect, effectively preventing the electric vehicle from slipping when driving uphill or downhill; and when the output power drives the slow gear 41 and the fast gear 42 to rotate in the reverse direction, the fast gear 42 is still in an idling state, and because all the first claw teeth 521 on the first claw plate 52 are located in the first through hole 411, the slow gear 41 drives the first claw plate 52 to rotate in the reverse direction, thereby realizing the reverse gear output of the output gear 43;

[0092] When the first claw plate 52 moves upward and part of the first claw tooth 521 is located in the first through hole 411, that is, the first ramp surface 522 intersects with the lower end surface of the slow gear 41, when the output power drives the slow gear 41 and the fast gear 42 to rotate forward, since one side of the first claw tooth 521 (the side opposite to the first ramp surface 522) is against the first through hole 411, the slow gear 41 drives the first claw plate 52 and the output gear 43 to realize the slow gear output of the output gear 43; when the output power drives the slow gear 41 and the fast gear 42 to rotate forward, the fast gear 42 rotates idly, because the first claw plate 52 is elastically pressed by the second spring 62 The first sloping surface 522 intersects with the lower end surface of the slow gear 41, so when the slow gear 41 is reversed, the first sloping surface 522 is squeezed and staggered, and the first through hole 411 relatively smoothly transitions from the first sloping surface 522, and cannot drive the first claw plate 52 to rotate. Therefore, in this case, the slow gear is realized but the reverse gear cannot be realized; this kind of slow gear output only has a one-way function, that is, when the speed of the electric vehicle is too fast under the action of inertia and is greater than the speed of the drive shaft 3 driven by the drive motor, the rotation of the drive shaft 3 can achieve one-way overtaking through the first sloping surface 522, and will not cause damage to the drive motor, so the electric vehicle can achieve a gliding state when driving;

[0093] When the fork device moves downward, on the one hand, it can be directly inserted into the second claw plate 53 through the fork device and drive the second claw plate 53 to move downward. On the other hand, the fork device moves downward, and the second claw plate 53 moves downward under the action of the second spring 62. At this time, the second claw tooth 531 on the second claw plate 53 is inserted into the second through hole 421 on the fast gear 42. That is, when the output power drives the slow gear 41 and the fast gear 42 to rotate forward, the fast gear 42 drives the second claw plate 53 to rotate, and the second claw plate 53 can be circumferentially limited on the transmission shaft 3 through the keyway or the spiral groove. Therefore, the second claw plate 53 drives the transmission shaft 3 to realize the fast gear output of the output gear 43; and even if the first claw tooth 521 is located in the first through hole 411, the slow gear 41 will be turned off because the speed of the fast gear 42 is greater than that of the slow gear 41. The first gear of the electric vehicle can be overtaken by the second ramp 532 when the vehicle speed is too fast and greater than the fast gear output, and the transmission shaft 3 can be in a reverse gear state relative to the fast gear, which will not affect the fast gear output; this fast gear output can also have a one-way function, that is, the second claw tooth 531 is provided with a second slope surface 532, and the upper end of the second slope surface 532 is flush with the lower end surface of the second claw plate 53, and the second through hole 421 has a smooth transition from the second slope surface 532. When the vehicle speed is too fast and greater than the fast gear output, the rotation of the transmission shaft 3 can surpass the fast gear 42 in one direction through the second ramp surface 532, and will not cause damage to the drive motor. Therefore, the gliding state of the electric vehicle when driving in the fast gear can be achieved; in addition, the electric vehicle can smoothly transition between the slow gear, reverse gear and fast gear. The first claw tooth 521 on the first claw plate 52 is in an active state for a long time when the vehicle is driving, which effectively avoids the situation where traditional gears engage with each other and cause tooth hitting and tooth top.

[0094] Preferably, a positioning claw plate 51 rotating on the transmission shaft 3 and a first spring 61 on the positioning claw plate 51 under the action of elastic force are provided above the slow gear 41, and the positioning claw teeth on the positioning claw plate 51 are located in the first through hole 411. When the first claw teeth 521 are all located in the first through hole 411, the first claw teeth 521 will push out part of the positioning claw teeth. When part of the first claw teeth 521 is located in the first through hole 411, the positioning claw teeth are located in the first through hole 411 and limit the first claw teeth 521, thereby making the position of the first claw teeth 521 in the first through hole 411 more stable.

[0095] When the shift fork device is adjusted, firstly, the small shift motor and the shift fork gear 12 are fixedly mounted on the housing, and the small gear is mounted on one end of the small shift motor and meshes with the shift fork gear 12; the small shift motor is started, and the support shaft 11 is driven to rotate through the shift fork gear 12, and the drive plate 2 rotates accordingly. Under the action of the shift fork spring 14, the shift fork assembly 13 is always in close contact with the spiral slope track, that is, the spiral slope track has different heights, so that the shift fork assembly 13 can be adjusted up and down. Specifically, the spiral slope track is evenly divided into even-numbered parts.

[0096] As an embodiment of the driving disk 2, the spiral slope track of the driving disk 2 is divided into two parts on average, each part includes a first spiral slope 21, a second spiral slope 22, a third spiral slope 23 and a fourth spiral slope 24, and the supporting roller 15 can roll back and forth from the first spiral slope 21 to the second spiral slope 22, and from the second spiral slope 22 to the third spiral slope 23, and roll unidirectionally between the third spiral slope 23 and the fourth spiral slope 24, and between the fourth spiral slope 24 and the first spiral slope 21 on the other half of the circumference, and the path between the first spiral slope 21, the second spiral slope 22 and the third spiral slope 23 is greater than the path between the third spiral slope 23, the fourth spiral slope 24 and the first spiral slope 21;

[0097] Therefore, correspondingly, when the supporting roller 15 on the fork assembly 13 is located on the first rotary slope 21, the first claw teeth 521 are all located in the first through hole 411 on the slow gear 41, and the output gear 43 performs slow gear or reverse gear output; when the supporting roller 15 moves to the second rotary slope 22, the first claw teeth 521 are partially located in the first through hole 411, and the output gear 43 only performs slow gear output; when the supporting roller 15 rolls to the third rotary slope 23, the second claw teeth 531 are located in the second through hole 421 on the fast gear 42, and the output gear 43 performs fast gear output;

[0098] When the support roller 15 moves to the fourth rotary slope 24, the running state of the output gear 43 is consistent with that of the second rotary slope 22, and because the path of the support roller 15 from the third rotary slope 23, the fourth rotary slope 24 to the first rotary slope 21 is shorter than the path from the third rotary slope 23, the second rotary slope 22 to the first rotary slope 21, the support roller 15 can respond quickly from the third rotary slope 23, the fourth rotary slope 24 to the first rotary slope 21, realizing a fast conversion from the fast gear at the third rotary slope 23 to the slow gear at the first rotary slope 21, thereby ensuring that the fast gear is disengaged;

[0099] like Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, as another embodiment of the driving disk 2, the spiral slope track of the driving disk 2 is divided into two parts on average, each part includes a first spiral slope 21, a second spiral slope 22 and a third spiral slope 23 in sequence, and the supporting roller 15 can roll back and forth from the first spiral slope 21 to the second spiral slope 22, and from the second spiral slope 22 to the third spiral slope 23, and the third spiral slope 23 and the first spiral slope 21 on the other half of the circumference can roll unidirectionally;

[0100] And the path from the first spiral slope 21 to the third spiral slope 23 is much larger than the path from the third spiral slope 23 to the other half (adjacent) first spiral slope 21. When the support roller 15 rolls on the first spiral slope 21, the second spiral slope 22 and the third spiral slope 23, the motion state of the output gear 43 is consistent with the above embodiment, that is, when the support roller 15 on the fork assembly 13 is located on the first spiral slope 21, the output gear 43 performs slow gear or reverse gear output; when the support roller 15 moves to the second spiral slope 22, the output gear 43 only performs slow gear output, and when the support roller 15 rolls to the third spiral slope 23, the output gear 43 performs fast gear output; when the support roller 15 rolls directly from the third spiral slope 23 to the first spiral slope 23, the output from fast gear to slow gear and reverse gear is realized. This spiral slope method shortens the response time between fast gear and slow gear, making it easier to disengage the fast gear, and the effect is better.

[0101] In the structure of the shift fork device, the spiral slope track is used to drive the shift fork assembly 13 to move axially on the support shaft 11 for gear shifting adjustment, so that the overall structure is simple and compact, not only the gear shifting response is fast, the stable rotation of the drive plate 2 and the precise control of the shift fork assembly 13 are guaranteed, and the support shaft 11 is in a non-moving state, that is, the conventional speed shift fork is to pull the shift fork up and down to realize the gear shifting function, and the shift fork assembly is moved up and down by rotating the support shaft 11, which is convenient for it to be placed in the box for sealing and lubrication, avoiding the conventional method of using the shift fork shaft to move up and down to occupy a large space, high cost, and unstable gear shifting;

[0102] The transmission system for the manual-automatic electric vehicle drives the second claw plate 53 to move through the fork device, so that the second claw plate 53 is accurately positioned on the transmission shaft 3, ensuring that all the first claw teeth 521 are located in the first through hole 411, the first slope surface 522 intersects with the lower end surface of the first through hole 411, and the second claw teeth 531 are located in the second through hole 421. Therefore, not only can the electric vehicle achieve smooth transition between slow gear, reverse gear and fast gear, but also has a faster gear shifting response, avoiding the phenomenon of tooth hitting and tooth hitting during traditional gear shifting, but also enables the electric vehicle to achieve different states of gliding and anti-slipping in different driving environments, and has a wider range of applications.

Claims

1. A manual-automatic integrated speed change system for an electric vehicle, comprising a speed change device and a fork device, characterized in that, the speed change device includes a transmission shaft (3), a gear assembly and a claw disc assembly; The transmission shaft (3) is rotatably installed on the housing; The gear assembly includes a low-speed gear (41), a high-speed gear (42) and an output gear (43) arranged on the transmission shaft (3) in sequence from top to bottom. The low-speed gear (41) and the high-speed gear (42) are sleeved and axially limited, and the output gear (43) is fixedly arranged; A plurality of first through holes (411) arranged circumferentially are provided on the low-speed gear (41); The claw disc assembly is arranged between the low-speed gear (41) and the high-speed gear (42), and includes a first claw disc (52) and a second claw disc (53) that are circumferentially limited and slide up and down on the transmission shaft (3); The upper end of the first claw disc (52) is provided with a plurality of first claw teeth (521) matching the plurality of first through holes (411). On the same side of each first claw tooth (521), there is a first slope surface (522), and the lowest point position of the first slope surface (522) is higher than the upper end surface of the first claw disc (52); The second claw disc (53) is located below the first claw disc (52), and a second spring (62) sleeved on the support shaft (11) is arranged between them; The lower end of the second claw disc (53) is provided with a second claw tooth (531) that matches the second through hole (421) on the high-speed gear (42) and drives the high-speed gear (42) to rotate together; The fork device drives the second claw disc (53) to move up and down and be positioned. The positioning positions include that all the first claw teeth (521) are located in the first through holes (411), the first slope surface (522) intersects with the lower end surface of the first through hole (411), and the second claw tooth (531) is located in the second through hole (421); When the first slope surface (522) intersects with the lower end surface of the first through hole (411), the first through hole (411) smoothly transitions from the first slope surface (522).

2. A manual-automatic integrated speed change system for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, it further includes a positioning assembly located above the low-speed gear (41). The positioning assembly includes a positioning claw disc (51) and a first spring (61) sleeved on the transmission shaft (3); The lower end of the positioning claw disc (51) is provided with positioning claw teeth located in the first through holes (411), and the sum of the heights of the positioning claw teeth and the first claw teeth (521) is greater than the height of the first through holes (411); The elastic force of the first spring (61) acts on the positioning claw disc (51), and its elastic force is greater than that of the second spring (62).

3. A manual-automatic integrated speed change system for an electric vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that, a second slope surface (532) is provided on the second claw tooth (531), and the upper end of the second slope surface (532) is flush with the lower end surface of the second claw disc (53); The second slope surface (532) and the first slope surface (522) are on the same side; When the second claw tooth (531) is located in the second through hole (421), the second through hole (421) smoothly transitions from the second slope surface (532).

4. A manual-automatic electric vehicle transmission system according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The lowest point of the first slope surface (522) is located at the center of the total height of the first claw tooth (521).

5. A manual-automatic electric vehicle transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, It is characterized in that The first claw plate (52) and the second claw plate (53) are connected to the transmission shaft (3) via a keyway; The upper and lower parts of the slow gear (41) and the fast gear (42) are respectively fixed by means of retaining springs sleeved on the transmission shaft (3).

6. A manual-automatic electric vehicle transmission system according to claim 5, It is characterized in that A protrusion is provided at the lower end of the first claw plate (52), a groove is provided at the upper end of the second claw plate (53), the upper end of the second spring (62) is sleeved on the protrusion, and the lower end is located in the groove.

7. A manual-automatic electric vehicle transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, It is characterized in that The shift fork device comprises a support shaft (11), a drive disc (2) and a shift fork assembly (13); The support shaft (11) is rotatably mounted on the housing, and a shift fork gear (12) is fixedly provided at one end thereof for providing torque to the support shaft (11); The driving disc (2) is fixedly sleeved on the supporting shaft (11), and one end of the driving disc is provided with a spiral slope track of a circumferential structure; A rotary slope is provided on the rotary slope track to enable the second claw plate (53) to slide up and down for positioning; The fork assembly (13) slides axially on the support shaft (11), and under the elastic force of the fork spring (14), one end of the fork assembly (13) is always in contact with the spiral slope track, and one side of the fork assembly (13) moves the second claw plate (53) up and down under the action of the second spring (62).

8. A manual-automatic electric vehicle transmission system according to claim 7, It is characterized in that The spiral slope track is evenly divided into an even number of parts, each part comprising a first spiral slope (21), a second spiral slope (22) and a third spiral slope (23) arranged in sequence, the heights of the first spiral slope (21), the second spiral slope (22) and the third spiral slope (23) changing in sequence, and transitioning smoothly between them; The path from the first spiral slope (21) along the second spiral slope (22) to the third spiral slope (23) is greater than the path from the third spiral slope (23) to the adjacent first spiral slope (21).

9. A manual-automatic electric vehicle transmission system according to claim 8, It is characterized in that Two supporting rollers (15) are rotatably mounted on the fork assembly (13); the two supporting rollers (15) are symmetrically arranged and correspond one to one with two parts of the spiral slope track; the supporting rollers (15) roll tightly against the spiral slope track.

10. A method for using a manual-automatic electric vehicle to change speed. It is characterized in that The specific steps include: a. Start the small shift motor, the shift fork gear (12) drives the support shaft (11) to rotate, and the drive plate (2) rotates accordingly. Under the action of the shift fork spring (14), the support roller (15) on the shift fork assembly (13) is always in close contact with the spiral slope track on the drive plate (2); When the supporting roller (15) is located on the first rotary slope (21), all the first claw teeth (521) on the first claw plate (52) are located in the first through hole (411) on the slow gear (41); When the driving motor outputs power and drives the slow gear (41) and the fast gear (42) to rotate in the forward direction, the fast gear (42) idles, and the slow gear (41) drives the first claw plate (52) to transmit the power to the output gear (43) through the transmission shaft (3) circumferentially limited by the first claw plate (52), thereby completing the slow gear output; When the output power drives the slow gear (41) and the fast gear (42) to rotate in the reverse direction, the fast gear (42) still rotates idly, and all the first claw teeth (521) are located in the first through hole (411) on the slow gear (41), and the power is still transmitted in the reverse direction to the output gear (43) through the transmission shaft (3), thereby completing the reverse gear output; b. When the supporting roller (15) moves from the first spiral slope (21) to the second spiral slope (22), the downward elastic force of the positioning claw on the first claw (521) is greater than the upward elastic force of the second spring (62) on the first claw plate (52), so that the first claw plate (52) moves downward, and the first slope surface (522) on the first claw (521) intersects with the lower end surface of the slow gear (41); When the slow gear (41) and the fast gear (42) rotate in the forward direction, the fast gear (42) idles, and the slow gear (41) drives the first claw plate (52) to transmit power to the output gear (43) through the transmission shaft (3), thereby completing the slow gear output; When the slow gear (41) and the fast gear (42) rotate in opposite directions, the fast gear (42) idles, and the slow gear (41) reverses to squeeze and stagger the first slope surface (522), and the first slope surface (522) and the lower end surface of the slow gear (41) are kept intersecting through the upward elastic force of the second spring (62) and the downward elastic force of the positioning claw teeth on the first claw teeth (521), so that the output gear (43) cannot output in reverse gear; When the vehicle speed is greater than the speed of the drive motor driving the transmission shaft (3), the first through hole (411) smoothly transitions from the first slope surface (522), and the transmission shaft (3) can rotate in one direction through the first slope surface (522), so that the electric vehicle is in a gliding state when driving; c. When the supporting roller (15) rolls from the second rotary slope (22) to the third rotary slope (23), one end of the fork assembly (13) drives the second claw plate (53) to move downward, and the second claw teeth (531) on the second claw plate (53) are located in the second through hole (421) on the fast gear (42); When the slow gear (41) and the fast gear (42) rotate, the fast gear (42) drives the second claw plate (53) to transmit power to the output gear (43) through the transmission shaft (3) circumferentially limited by the second claw plate (53), thereby completing the fast gear output; At this time, when the slow gear (41) rotates, the fast gear will overtake the slow gear without affecting the output of the fast gear; d. When the support roller (15) moves from the third rotary slope (23) to the fourth rotary slope (24), the output state is consistent with the support roller (15) being located on the second rotary slope (22), the output gear (43) outputs in slow gear, but cannot output in reverse gear, and the electric vehicle is in a slow gear, gliding output state.

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