Light emitting device and apparatus including the same

Abstract

Light emitting devices and apparatuses including the same are provided. A light emitting device can include a first electrode, a second electrode, and a sandwich layer between the first electrode and the second electrode. The sandwich layer can include an emissive layer including a first material, a second material, and a third material. The first material can include an inorganic semiconductor compound, an inorganic insulator compound, or any combination thereof. The second material can include a lanthanide metal. The third material can include an organic compound.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference of related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and benefit to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0023838, filed on February 26, 2020, with the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The embodiments relate to a light-emitting device and an apparatus including the light-emitting device. Background Technology

[0004] A light-emitting device is a device that converts electrical energy into light energy. Examples of such devices include organic light-emitting devices that use organic materials for the emitting layer and quantum dot light-emitting devices that use quantum dots for the emitting layer.

[0005] In a light-emitting device, a first electrode is disposed on a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emitter layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode are sequentially formed on the first electrode. Holes supplied from the first electrode can move to the emitter layer through the hole transport region, and electrons supplied from the second electrode can move to the emitter layer through the electron transport region. Charge carriers (such as holes and electrons) recombine in the emitter layer to generate excitons. These excitons transition from an excited state to the ground state, thereby generating light. Summary of the Invention

[0006] A light-emitting device comprising inorganic and organic materials in an emitting layer is provided, as well as an apparatus comprising the light-emitting device.

[0007] Various aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing embodiments of the disclosure.

[0008] In one embodiment, the light-emitting device may include a first electrode, a second electrode, and a sandwich layer located between the first and second electrodes. The sandwich layer may include an emitting layer, which may include a first material, a second material, and a third material. The first material may include an inorganic semiconductor compound, an inorganic insulating compound, or any combination thereof. The second material may include a lanthanide metal. The third material may include an organic compound.

[0009] In the embodiments, the first material may include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, tellurium, lanthanide tellurides, transition metal tellurides, post-transition metal tellurides, lanthanide selenides, transition metal selenides, post-transition metal selenides, or any combination thereof. The second material may include lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), or any combination thereof. The third material may include organic fluorescent dopant compounds, organometallic phosphorescent dopant compounds, organic delayed fluorescence dopant compounds, or any combination thereof.

[0010] In embodiments, the first material may include NaI, KI, RbI, CsI, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, MgI2, CaI2, SrI2, BaI2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, EuI3, YbI3, SmI3, TmI3, EuI2, YbI2, SmI2 TmI2, EuCl3, YbCl3, SmCl3, TmCl3, EuBr3, YbBr3, SmBr3, TmBr3, AgI, CuI, NiI2, CoI2, BiI3, PbI2, SnI2, Te, EuTe, YbTe, SmTe, TmTe, EuSe, YbSe, SmSe, TmSe, ZnTe, CoTe, ZnSe, CoSe, Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3, or any combination thereof.

[0011] In an embodiment, the first material may include KI, RbI, CsI, CuI, or any combination thereof.

[0012] In an implementation, the second material may include Yb, Tm, Sm, Eu, Er, or any combination thereof.

[0013] In this embodiment, the volume of the first material may be greater than or equal to the volume of the second material.

[0014] In this embodiment, the first electrode may be an anode, the second electrode may be a cathode, and the interlayer may further include at least one of a hole transport region located between the first electrode and the emitter layer, and an electron transport region located between the emitter layer and the second electrode. The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof. The electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0015] In this embodiment, the hole injection layer may include a fourth material and a fifth material, and the fourth material and the fifth material may be different from each other. The fourth material may include lanthanide metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, tellurium, lanthanide metal tellurides, transition metal tellurides, post-transition metal tellurides, lanthanide metal selenides, transition metal selenides, post-transition metal selenides, or any combination thereof. The fifth material may include hole transport organic compounds, post-transition metal halides, alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, or any combination thereof.

[0016] In an embodiment, the fifth material may include a hole-transporting organic compound, and the volume ratio of the fourth material to the fifth material may be in the range of about 1:99 to about 20:80.

[0017] In an embodiment, the fifth material may include post-transition metal halides, alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, or any combination thereof, and the volume ratio of the fourth material to the fifth material may be in the range of about 0:100 to about 50:50.

[0018] In an embodiment, the electron injection layer may include a sixth material, and the sixth material may include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, or any combination thereof.

[0019] In one implementation, the electron injection layer may be composed of a sixth material.

[0020] In one embodiment, the electron injection layer may further include a seventh material, and the sixth and seventh materials may be different from each other. The seventh material may include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, lanthanides, or any combination thereof.

[0021] In the implementation, the sixth material can be represented by formula X, and the seventh material can be represented by formula Y:

[0022] <Form X>

[0023] A n B m

[0024] <Formula Y>

[0025] C

[0026] In equations X and Y,

[0027] A and C can each independently include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, lanthanides, or any combination thereof.

[0028] B can be a halogen.

[0029] n and m can each be an independent integer of 1 or greater, such that the sixth material is neutral, and

[0030] A and C can be different from each other.

[0031] In this embodiment, the hole transport layer may directly contact the emitter layer, and the hole transport layer may include an eighth material and a ninth material. The eighth material and the ninth material may be different from each other; the eighth material may include at least one hole transport organic compound, and the ninth material may include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, or any combination thereof.

[0032] In this embodiment, the electron transport layer may directly contact the emitter layer, and the electron transport layer may include a tenth material and an eleventh material. The tenth material and the eleventh material may be different from each other; the tenth material may include at least one electron transport organic compound, and the eleventh material may include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, or any combination thereof.

[0033] In an embodiment, the light-emitting device may include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, light-emitting units located between the first and second electrodes, and charge-generating units located between adjacent light-emitting units in a plurality of light-emitting units. Each of the light-emitting units may include an emitting layer, and at least one of the emitting layers may include a first material, a second material, and a third material. The first material may include an inorganic semiconductor compound, an inorganic insulating compound, or any combination thereof. The second material may include a lanthanide metal. The third material may include an organic compound.

[0034] In an implementation, each of the charge generation units may include an n-type charge generation layer and a p-type charge generation layer.

[0035] In this embodiment, the n-type charge generation layer may include a twelfth and a thirteenth material. The twelfth material may include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, lanthanides, transition metals, post-transition metals, or any combination thereof. The thirteenth material may include an electron transport organic compound. The p-type charge generation layer may include a fourteenth and a fifteenth material. The fourteenth material may include a hole transport organic compound, an inorganic insulating compound, or any combination thereof. The fifteenth material may include an inorganic semiconductor compound.

[0036] In one embodiment, the device may include a thin-film transistor and a light-emitting device. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer. A first electrode of the light-emitting device may be electrically connected to one of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin-film transistor.

[0037] In one embodiment, the device may further include a color filter, and the color filter may be located on the path through which the light emitted from the light-emitting device passes. Attached Figure Description

[0038] The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0039] Figures 1 to 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device according to an embodiment is shown; and

[0040] Figure 5 A schematic cross-sectional view of a series light-emitting device according to an embodiment is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The embodiments will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, examples of which are illustrated herein, wherein the same reference numerals refer to the same elements throughout. In this regard, embodiments may take different forms and should not be construed as limited to the descriptions presented herein. Accordingly, the aspects described below are explained only by referring to the figures.

[0042] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more related enumerated items. For example, "A and / or B" can be understood to mean "A, B, or A and B". The terms "and" and "or" can be used in a connecting or separating sense and can be understood as equivalent to "and / or". Throughout this disclosure, the expression "at least one of A, B, and C" can indicate only A, only B, only C, both A and B, both A and C, both B and C, all of A, B, and C, or variations thereof.

[0043] For the purposes of its meaning and interpretation, the term "at least one" is intended to include the meaning of "at least one selected from the group consisting of". For example, "at least one of A and B" can be understood to mean "A, B, or A and B". When it precedes a list of elements, the term "at least one" modifies the elements of the entire list, but not any individual element of the list.

[0044] Because this disclosure can be applied in various ways and can have various examples, specific examples will be illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and will be described in detail in the detailed description. The effects and features of this disclosure, as well as methods for achieving these effects and features, will be clarified by referring to the embodiments described in detail later with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure is not limited to the examples disclosed below and can be implemented in various forms.

[0045] In the following description, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Identical or corresponding components will be indicated by the same reference numerals, and therefore redundant descriptions will be omitted.

[0046] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," etc., may be used in this document to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These components are used only to distinguish one component from another.

[0047] As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0048] It should be further understood that the terms "comprise", "comprising", "include", "including", "contain" and / or "containing" as used herein specify the presence of a feature or component of the description, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features or components.

[0049] It should be understood that when a layer, region, or component is referred to as "on" or "to" another layer, region, or component, it may be formed directly or indirectly on that other layer, region, or component. For example, intermediate layers, regions, or components may exist.

[0050] For ease of explanation, the dimensions of the components in the accompanying drawings may be enlarged. In other words, since the dimensions and thicknesses of the components in the accompanying drawings are arbitrarily interpreted for ease of explanation, the following embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0051] Given the measurements discussed and the errors associated with the measurement of a particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system), the terms "about" or "approximately" as used herein include stated values ​​and mean within an acceptable range of deviation from a particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, "about" may mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the stated value.

[0052] It should be understood that when a layer, region, or component is referred to as being "connected to" another layer, region, or component, the layer, region, or component may be directly connected to the other layer, region, or component, or indirectly connected to the other layer, region, or component due to the presence of an intermediate layer, region, or component. For example, it should be understood that when a layer, region, or component is referred to as being "physically connected to" another layer, region, or component, the layer, region, or component may be directly physically connected to the other layer, region, or component, or indirectly physically connected to the other layer, region, or component due to the presence of an intermediate layer, region, or component. For example, it should be understood that when a layer, region, or component is referred to as being "electrically connected to" another layer, region, or component, the layer, region, or component may be directly electrically connected to the other layer, region, or component, or indirectly electrically connected to the other layer, region, or component due to the presence of an intermediate layer, region, or component.

[0053] As used herein, the term "interlayer" refers to a single layer and / or all layers between the first and second electrodes of a light-emitting device. The materials included in the "interlayer" may be organic and / or inorganic.

[0054] As used herein, the expression "(interlayer) comprises at least one compound represented by Formula 1" may include cases where "(interlayer) comprises the same compound represented by Formula 1" and cases where "(interlayer) comprises two or more different compounds represented by Formula 1".

[0055] In the specification, the term "group" refers to a group in the IUPAC periodic table.

[0056] As used herein, the term "inorganic semiconductor compound" refers to any compound that is an inorganic material and has a band gap of less than 4 eV. In embodiments, the inorganic semiconductor compound may include lanthanide metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, tellurium, lanthanide metal tellurides, transition metal tellurides, post-transition metal tellurides, lanthanide metal selenides, transition metal selenides, post-transition metal selenides, or any combination thereof. In embodiments, the inorganic semiconductor compound may include EuI₂, YbI₂, SmI₂, TmI₂, AgI, CuI, NiI₂, CoI₂, BiI₃, PbI₂, SnI₂, Te, EuTe, YbTe, SmTe, TmTe, EuSe, YbSe, SmSe, TmSe, ZnTe, CoTe, ZnSe, CoSe, Bi₂Te₃, Bi₂Se₃, or any combination thereof.

[0057] As used herein, the term "inorganic insulating compound" refers to any compound that is an inorganic material and has a band gap of 4 eV or greater. In embodiments, the inorganic insulating compound may include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, or any combination thereof. The inorganic insulating compound may include NaI, KI, RbI, CsI, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, MgI2, CaI2, SrI2, BaI2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, EuI3, YbI3, SmI3, TmI3, EuI2, YbI2, SmI2, TmI2, EuCl3, YbCl3, SmCl3, TmCl3, EuBr3, YbBr3, SmBr3, TmBr3, or any combination thereof.

[0058] As used herein, the term "alkali metal halide" refers to a compound in which an alkali metal and a halide ion are bonded. In embodiments, alkali metal halides may include NaI, KI, RbI, CsI, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, or any combination thereof.

[0059] As used herein, the term "alkaline earth metal halide" refers to a compound in which an alkaline earth metal and a halide ion are bonded. In embodiments, alkaline earth metal halides may include MgI2, CaI2, SrI2, BaI2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, or any combination thereof.

[0060] As used herein, the term "lanthanide metal halide" refers to a compound in which a lanthanide metal and a halide ion are bonded and / or covalently bonded. In embodiments, lanthanide metal halides may include EuI₂, YbI₂, SmI₂, TmI₂, EuI₃, YbI₃, SmI₃, TmI₃, EuCl₃, YbCl₃, SmCl₃, TmCl₃, EuBr₃, YbBr₃, SmBr₃, TmBr₃, or any combination thereof.

[0061] As used herein, the term "transition metal halide" refers to a compound in which a transition metal and a halide ion are bonded and / or covalently bonded. In embodiments, transition metal halides may include AgI, CuI, NiI2, CoI2, or any combination thereof.

[0062] As used herein, the term "post-transition metal halide" refers to a compound in which a post-transition metal and a halide ion are bonded and / or covalently bonded. In embodiments, post-transition metal halides may include BiI3, PbI2, SnI2, or any combination thereof.

[0063] As used herein, the term "lanthanide metal telluride" refers to a compound in which a lanthanide metal is bonded, covalently bonded, and / or metallically bonded to tellurium (Te) ions. In embodiments, lanthanide metal tellurides may include EuTe, YbTe, SmTe, TmTe, or any combination thereof.

[0064] As used herein, the term "transition metal telluride" refers to a compound in which a transition metal is bonded, covalently bonded, and / or metallically bonded to tellurium ions. In embodiments, transition metal tellurides may include ZnTe, CoTe, or any combination thereof.

[0065] As used herein, the term "post-transition metal telluride" refers to a compound in which a post-transition metal is bonded, covalently bonded, and / or metallically bonded to tellurium ions. In embodiments, a post-transition metal telluride may include Bi₂Te₃.

[0066] As used herein, the term "lanthanide metal selenide" refers to a compound in which a lanthanide metal is bonded, covalently bonded, and / or metallically bonded to a selenium (Se) ion. In embodiments, lanthanide metal selenides may include EuSe, YbSe, SmSe, TmSe, or any combination thereof.

[0067] As used herein, the term "transition metal selenide" refers to a compound in which a transition metal is bonded, covalently bonded, and / or metallically bonded to a selenium ion. In embodiments, transition metal selenides may include ZnSe, CoSe, or any combination thereof.

[0068] As used herein, the term "post-transition metal selenide" refers to a compound in which a post-transition metal is bonded, covalently bonded, and / or metallically bonded to a selenium ion. In embodiments, a post-transition metal selenide may include Bi₂Se₃.

[0069] As used herein, the term "alkali metal" refers to a Group 1 element. In embodiments, the alkali metal may be lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), or cesium (Cs).

[0070] As used herein, the term "alkaline earth metal" refers to Group 2 elements. In embodiments, the alkaline earth metal may be magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), or barium (Ba).

[0071] As used herein, the term "lanthanide metals" refers to lanthanum and the lanthanide elements in the periodic table. In embodiments, the lanthanide metals may be lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), or lutetium (Lu).

[0072] As used herein, "transition metal" refers to metallic elements belonging to rows 4 through 7 of the periodic table and to groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table. In embodiments, transition metals may be titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), zinc (Zn), or cadmium (Cd).

[0073] As used herein, the term "late transition metal" refers to a metallic element that belongs to rows 3 through 7 of the periodic table and to groups 13 through 17 of the periodic table. In embodiments, a late transition metal may be aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), or polonium (Po).

[0074] As used herein, the term "halogen" refers to a Group 17 element. In embodiments, the halogen may be fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), or iodine (I).

[0075] [ Figure 1 [Description]

[0076] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device 1 according to an embodiment.

[0077] See Figure 1 According to the embodiment, the light-emitting device 1 includes: a first electrode 110; a second electrode 190; and a sandwich 150, which includes an emitting layer located between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 190.

[0078] Combination Figure 1 The structure of the light-emitting device 1 according to embodiments of the present disclosure and the method of manufacturing the light-emitting device 1 will be described.

[0079] [First Electrode 110]

[0080] exist Figure 1 In this configuration, the substrate may be located below the first electrode 110 or above the second electrode 190. The substrate may be a glass substrate or a plastic substrate, each possessing excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and water resistance.

[0081] The first electrode 110 can be formed, for example, by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 on a substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material for forming the first electrode 110 can be selected from a material with a high work function to facilitate hole injection.

[0082] The first electrode 110 can be a reflective electrode, a semi-transparent electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, the material used to form the first electrode 110 can be selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and any combination thereof, but the embodiments are not limited thereto. In embodiments, when the first electrode 110 is a semi-transparent electrode or a reflective electrode, the material used to form the first electrode 110 can be selected from magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), and any combination thereof, but the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0083] The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers. For example, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but the structure of the first electrode 110 is not limited to this.

[0084] [Mezzanine 150]

[0085] The interlayer 150 is located on the first electrode 110. The interlayer 150 may include an emitter layer.

[0086] The interlayer 150 may further include at least one of a hole transport region located between the first electrode 110 and the emitter layer and an electron transport region located between the emitter layer and the second electrode 190.

[0087] In this embodiment, the first electrode 110 may be an anode, and the second electrode 190 may be a cathode. The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof. The electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0088] [Hole transport region in interlayer 150]

[0089] The hole transport region may have i) a single-layer structure comprising a single layer of a single material, ii) a single-layer structure comprising a single layer of a different material, or iii) a multi-layer structure comprising multiple layers of different materials.

[0090] The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof.

[0091] [Hole injection layer in the hole transport region]

[0092] The light-emitting device 1 may include a hole injection layer that contacts (e.g., directly contacts) the first electrode 110.

[0093] The hole injection layer may include a fourth material and a fifth material, and the fourth material and the fifth material may be different from each other.

[0094] In an embodiment, the fourth material may include lanthanide metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, tellurium, lanthanide metal tellurides, transition metal tellurides, post-transition metal tellurides, lanthanide metal selenides, transition metal selenides, post-transition metal selenides, or any combination thereof.

[0095] In an implementation, the volume of the fifth material in the hole injection layer may be greater than or equal to the volume of the fourth material in the hole injection layer.

[0096] In an implementation, the volume percentage of the fourth material in the hole injection layer may be 50% or less.

[0097] In an embodiment, the fifth material may include hole-transporting organic compounds, post-transition metal halides, alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, or any combination thereof.

[0098] The fifth material may include at least one hole-transporting organic compound, and the volume ratio of the fourth material to the fifth material may be in the range of about 1:99 to about 20:80.

[0099] In one embodiment, the fifth material may include a post-transition metal halide, an alkali metal halide, an alkaline earth metal halide, a lanthanide metal halide, or any combination thereof, and the volume ratio of the fourth material to the fifth material may be in the range of about 0:100 to about 50:50. In another embodiment, the volume ratio of the fourth material to the fifth material may be in the range of about 0.01:99.99 to about 50:50. In yet another embodiment, the volume ratio of the fourth material to the fifth material may be in the range of about 0.1:99.9 to about 50:50. Also in yet another embodiment, the volume ratio of the fourth material to the fifth material may be in the range of about 1:99 to about 50:50. However, the embodiments are not limited to these.

[0100] As used in this article, the term "hole-transporting organic compound" refers to any organic material that has hole-transporting properties.

[0101] In embodiments, the hole-transporting organic compound may include at least one selected from: m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB (NPD), β-NPB, TPD, spiro-TPD, spiro-NPB, methylated NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), compounds represented by formula 201 below, and compounds represented by formula 202 below:

[0102]

[0103] <Form 201>

[0104]

[0105] <Form 202>

[0106]

[0107] In equations 201 and 202,

[0108] L 201 To L 204 Each can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0109] L 205 Optional from *-O-*', *-S-*', *-N(Q) 201 )-*', substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 20 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0110] xa1 to xa4 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 3 independently.

[0111] xa5 can be an integer selected from 1 to 10, and

[0112] R 201 To R 204 and Q 201 Each can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0113] For example, in equation 202, R 201 and R 202They can be optionally linked to each other via single bonds, dimethyl-methylene, or diphenyl-methylene bonds, and R 203 and R 204 They can be optionally linked together by single bonds, dimethyl-methylene, or diphenyl-methylene bonds.

[0114] In the implementation, in formulas 201 and 202,

[0115] L 201 To L 205 Each can be selected independently:

[0116] Phenylidene, pentylene, indene, naphthyl, azulene, heptadene, acenaphthene, fluorenene, spiro-difluorenene, benzo[a]fluorenene, dibenzo[a]fluorenene, phenanthroline, anthracene, fluoranthroline, benzo[a]phenanthrene, pyrene, 1,2-benzo[a]phenanthrene, tetraphenyl, fenestrationne, perylene, phenylene Pentofenyl, hexaphenylene, pentaphenylene, rubidylene, myristyl, oleophylene, thiophenyl, furanyl, carbazoyl, indoleyl, isoydinolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, benzocarbazoyl, dibenzothiophenyl, and pyridylene; and

[0117] Each of the following is substituted with at least one of the following: phenylene, pentyleneylene, indenylene, naphthylene, azoxylene, heptyleneneylene, acenaphthene, fluorenene, spiro-difluorenene, benzo[a]fluorenene, dibenzo[a]fluorenene, phenenylene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluorenylene, benzo[a]phenanthrene, pyrene, 1,2-benzo[a]phenanthrene, tetraphenylene, fentanyl, perylene, pentylene, hexaphenylene, etc. Pentaphenyl, rubidinyl, mycoyl, oleophyllyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, carbazoyl, indoleyl, isoydinyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, benzocarbazoyl, dibenzocarbazoyl, dibenzothiophenyl and pyridyl: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazyl, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, C1-C 10Alkyl-substituted phenyl, -F-substituted phenyl, pentanenyl, indole, naphthyl, azuleyl, heptenyl, indole-based, acenaphthel, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[fluorenyl], dibenzo[fluorenyl], phenanthreneyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranyl, benzo[phenanthreneyl], pyreneyl, 1,2-benzo[phenanthreneyl], tetraphenyl, styrayl, peryl, pentanyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubiginyl, keratyl, ovoleyl, thiopheneyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indoleyl, isoydinyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzo[carbazolyl], dibenzo[carbazolyl], dibenzothiopheneyl, pyridyl, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 ) and -N(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),

[0118] Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently selected from C1-C 10 Alkyl, C1-C 10 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl.

[0119] In the implementation, xa1 to xa4 can each be 0, 1 or 2 independently.

[0120] In the implementation, xa5 can be 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0121] In the implementation, R 201 To R 204 and Q 201 Each of these can be independently selected from: phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, pentanenyl, indole, naphthyl, azuleyl, heptenyl, indole-glycol, acenaphthel, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[fluorenyl], dibenzo[fluorenyl], phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranyl, benzo[phenanthrene], pyrene, 1,2-benzo[phenanthrene], tetraphenyl, styryl, peryl, pentanyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubiginyl, myristyl, ovoleyl, thiophene, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzo[carbazole], dibenzo[carbazole], dibenzothiophene, and pyridyl; and

[0122] Each of the following is substituted with at least one of the following: phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, pentanenyl, indole, naphthyl, azuleyl, heptenyl, indoleyl, acenaphthel, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[fluorenyl], dibenzo[fluorenyl], phenanthreneyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranyl, benzo[phenanthreneyl], pyreneyl, 1,2-benzo[phenanthreneyl], tetraphenyl, francyl, peryleneyl, penfenyl, hexaphenyl. Pentaphenyl, rutinyl, keratyl, ovoleylphenyl, thiophene, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, dibenzocarbazole, dibenzothiophene, and pyridyl: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazyl, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, C1-C 10 Alkyl-substituted phenyl, -F-substituted phenyl, pentanenyl, indole, naphthyl, azuleyl, heptenyl, indole-based, acenaphthel, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[fluorenyl], dibenzo[fluorenyl], phenanthreneyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranyl, benzo[phenanthreneyl], pyreneyl, 1,2-benzo[phenanthreneyl], tetraphenyl, styrayl, peryl, pentanyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubiginyl, keratyl, ovoleyl, thiopheneyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indoleyl, isoydinyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzo[carbazolyl], dibenzo[carbazolyl], dibenzothiopheneyl, pyridyl, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 ) and -N(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),

[0123] Q 31 To Q 33 Same as described above.

[0124] In the implementation, R is selected from Formula 201. 201 To R 203 At least one of them can be independently selected from:

[0125] Fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, carbazole, dibenzofuranyl, and dibenzothiopheneyl; and

[0126] Each of the following is substituted with at least one of the following fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, carbazole, dibenzofuranyl, and dibenzothiopheneyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazyl, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20Alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, C1-C 10 Alkyl-substituted phenyl, -F-substituted phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, carbazole, dibenzofuranyl, and dibenzothiopheneyl, but the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0127] In the implementation, in equation 202, i)R 201 and R 202 They can be connected to each other via single bonds, and / or ii)R 203 and R 204 They can be connected to each other via a single key.

[0128] In the implementation, R in equation 202 201 To R 204 Each can be selected independently:

[0129] Carbazolyl; and

[0130] The carbazoyl group is substituted with at least one of the following: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, C1-C 10 Alkyl-substituted phenyl, -F-substituted phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, carbazole, dibenzofuranyl, and dibenzothiopheneyl.

[0131] However, the implementation methods are not limited to this.

[0132] In an embodiment, the compound represented by formula 201 can be represented by the following formula 201A:

[0133] <Form 201A>

[0134]

[0135] In embodiments, the compound represented by formula 201 may be represented by the following formula 201A(1), but the embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0136] <Formula 201A(1)>

[0137]

[0138] In embodiments, the compound represented by formula 201 may be represented by the following formula 201A-1, but the embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0139] <Form 201A-1>

[0140]

[0141] In an embodiment, the compound represented by formula 202 can be represented by the following formula 202A:

[0142] <Form 202A>

[0143]

[0144] In an embodiment, the compound represented by formula 202 can be represented by the following formula 202A-1:

[0145] <Formula 202A-1>

[0146]

[0147] In equations 201A, 201A(1), 201A-1, 202A, and 202A-1,

[0148] L 201 To L 203 xa1 to xa3, xa5 and R 202 To R 204 As described above,

[0149] R 211 and R 212 With combination R 203 The descriptions are the same, and

[0150] R 213 To R 217 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, C1-C 10 Alkyl-substituted phenyl, -F-substituted phenyl, pentanenyl, indyl, naphthyl, azuleyl, heptenyl, indaunoside, acenaphthel, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[fluorenyl], dibenzo[fluorenyl], phenanthrenyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranthrenyl, benzo[phenanthrene], pyreneyl, 1,2-benzo[phenanthrene], tetraphenyl, furanyl, peryl, pentanyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubidyl, kosyl, ovoidyl, thiopheneyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indoleyl, isoindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzo[carbazolyl], dibenzo[carbazolyl], dibenzothiopheneyl, and pyridyl.

[0151] The hole transport region may include at least one compound selected from compounds HT1 to HT39, but the compounds to be included in the hole transport region are not limited to these:

[0152]

[0153]

[0154]

[0155] The thickness of the hole injection layer can range from about 0.1 nm to about 20 nm. When the thickness of the hole injection layer is within this range, satisfactory hole injection characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0156] [Hole transport layer in the hole transport region]

[0157] The light-emitting device 1 may include a hole transport layer that contacts (e.g., directly contacts) the emitting layer.

[0158] The hole transport layer may include an eighth material and a ninth material. The eighth material and the ninth material may be different from each other. The eighth material may include at least one hole transport organic compound, and the ninth material may include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, or any combination thereof.

[0159] The volume of the eighth material in the hole transport layer may be greater than or equal to the volume of the ninth material in the hole transport layer. In an embodiment, the volume ratio of the eighth material to the ninth material in the hole transport layer may be in the range of approximately 99:1 to approximately 50:50.

[0160] The thickness of the hole transport layer can range from about 0.1 nm to about 500 nm. When the thickness of the hole transport layer is within this range, satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0161] [Charge-generating materials in hole transport regions]

[0162] In addition to these materials, the hole transport region may further include charge-generating materials to improve conductivity. The charge-generating materials may be homogeneously or heterogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.

[0163] The charge-generating material can be, for example, a p-doped agent.

[0164] In implementations, the p-dopant may have a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of -3.5 eV or less.

[0165] p-dopers may include at least one of quinone derivatives, metal oxides, transition metal halides, transition metal tellurides, and cyano-containing compounds, but the implementation is not limited thereto.

[0166] For example, p-dopers may include at least one selected from the following: quinone derivatives, such as tetracyanoquinone dimethyl ether (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinone dimethyl ether (F4-TCNQ);

[0167] Metal oxides, such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide;

[0168] Transition metal halides, such as CuI;

[0169] Transition metal tellurides, such as ZnTe;

[0170] 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarboxynitrile (HAT-CN); and

[0171] The compound represented by the following formula 221,

[0172] However, the implementation method is not limited to this:

[0173]

[0174]

[0175] <Formula 221>

[0176]

[0177] In Equation 221,

[0178] R 221 To R 223 Each can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, and selected from R 221 To R 223 At least one of them may have at least one substituent selected from the following: cyano, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, C1-C substituted with -F. 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C substituted with -Cl 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C substituted with -Br 20 Alkyl groups and -I-substituted C1-C 20 alkyl.

[0179] [Emitting layer in interlayer 150]

[0180] When the light-emitting device 1 is a full-color light-emitting device, the emitting layer can be patterned into a red emitting layer, a green emitting layer, or a blue emitting layer according to the sub-pixels. In an embodiment, the emitting layer may have a stacked structure of two or more layers selected from red, green, and blue emitting layers, wherein the two or more layers are in contact with or separated from each other. In an embodiment, the emitting layer may include two or more materials selected from red, green, and blue emitting materials, wherein the two or more materials are mixed with each other in a single layer to emit white light.

[0181] The emitter layer may include a first material, a second material, and a third material.

[0182] The first material can act as an inorganic host in the emission layer. In one implementation, the first material itself does not emit light, but it can substantially transfer excitons to the third material to help the third material emit light.

[0183] The second material can act as a sensitizer in the emitting layer. In an embodiment, the second material enables a rapid reverse transition from a triplet exciton to a singlet exciton and transfers the singlet exciton to the third material. Accordingly, essentially all triplet and singlet excitons can be delivered to the third material. For example, the efficiency and / or lifetime of the light-emitting device 1 can be improved due to the second material.

[0184] The third material can act as a luminescent dopant.

[0185] The first material may include inorganic semiconductor compounds, inorganic insulating compounds, or any combination thereof.

[0186] For example, the first material may include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, tellurium, lanthanide metal tellurides, transition metal tellurides, post-transition metal tellurides, lanthanide metal selenides, transition metal selenides, post-transition metal selenides, or any combination thereof.

[0187] In embodiments, the first material may include NaI, KI, RbI, CsI, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, MgI2, CaI2, SrI2, BaI2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, EuI3, YbI3, SmI3, TmI3, EuI2, YbI2, SmI2 TmI2, EuCl3, YbCl3, SmCl3, TmCl3, EuBr3, YbBr3, SmBr3, TmBr3, AgI, CuI, NiI2, CoI2, BiI3, PbI2, SnI2, Te, EuTe, YbTe, SmTe, TmTe, EuSe, YbSe, SmSe, TmSe, ZnTe, CoTe, ZnSe, CoSe, Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3, or any combination thereof.

[0188] In some embodiments, the first material may include KI, RbI, CsI, CuI, or any combination thereof, but the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0189] For example, the second material may include lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), or any combination thereof.

[0190] In some embodiments, the second material may include Yb, Tm, Sm, Eu, Er or any combination thereof, but the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0191] For example, the third material may include organic fluorescent dopant compounds, organometallic phosphorescent dopant compounds, organic delayed fluorescent dopant compounds, or any combination thereof.

[0192] Organic fluorescent dopant compounds may be fluorescent organic compounds and may include aromatic amine compounds or styrene amine compounds.

[0193] In embodiments, the organic fluorescent dopant compound may include a compound represented by formula 501:

[0194] <Form 501>

[0195]

[0196] In Equation 501,

[0197] Ar 501 C5-C can be substituted or unsubstituted. 60The carbocyclic group is either substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0198] L 501 To L 503 Each can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0199] xd1 to xd3 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 3 independently.

[0200] R 501 and R 502 Each can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, and

[0201] xd4 can be an integer selected from 1 to 6.

[0202] In the implementation, Ar in Formula 501 501 Optional from:

[0203] Naphthyl, heptadeninyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl, phenanthyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranthyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, tetraphenyl, lavany, perylene, penfenyl, indoxanthryl, and indoxanthryl; and

[0204] Each of the following substituted groups is selected from at least one of the following: naphthyl, heptalenyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl, phenanthyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranthyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, tetraphenyl, lavany, perylene, penfenyl, ind[a]anthryl, and ind[a]phenanthryl: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazyl, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl.

[0205] In the implementation, L in formula 501 501 To L 503 Each can be selected independently:

[0206] Phenylidene, naphthylene, fluorene, spiro-difluorene, benzo[a]fluorene, dibenzo[a]fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthylene, benzo[a]phenanthrene, pyrene, 1,2-benzo[a]phenanthrene, perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenylene, pentaphenylene, thiopheneyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indoleyl, isoyindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzo[a]carbazolyl, dibenzo[a]carbazolyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, and pyridylene; and

[0207] Each of the following substituted groups is selected from at least one of the following: phenylene, naphthylene, fluorene, spiro-difluorene, benzo[a]fluorene, dibenzo[a]fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluorenyl, benzo[a]phenanthrene, pyrene, 1,2-benzo[a]phenanthrene, perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenylene, pentaphenylene, thiopheneyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indoleyl, isoyindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzo[a]carbazolyl, dibenzo[a]carbazolyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, and pyridylene: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazyl, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[fluorenyl], dibenzo[fluorenyl], phenanthryl, anthraceneyl, fluoranyl, benzo[phenanthryl], pyrene, 1,2-benzo[phenanthryl], perylene, pentofenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thiophene, furanyl, carbazoleyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzo[carbazoleyl], dibenzo[carbazoleyl], dibenzothiopheneyl, and pyridyl.

[0208] In the implementation, R in formula 501 501 and R 502 Each can be selected independently:

[0209] Phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthraceneyl, fluoranyl, benzo[a]phenanthryl, pyrene, 1,2-benzo[a]phenanthryl, perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thiopheneyl, furanyl, carbazoleyl, indoleyl, isoindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzo[a]carbazoleyl, dibenzo[a]carbazoleyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, and pyridyl; and

[0210] Each of the following substituted groups is selected from at least one of the following: phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthraceneyl, fluoranyl, benzo[a]phenanthryl, pyrene, 1,2-benzo[a]phenanthryl, perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazoleyl, indolyl, isoydinolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, benzo[a]carbazoleyl, dibenzo[a]carbazoleyl, dibenzothiophenyl, and pyridyl: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazyl, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranyl, benzo[a]phenanthryl, pyrene, 1,2-benzo[a]phenanthryl, perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thiophene, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzo[a]carbazole, dibenzo[a]carbazole, dibenzothiophene, pyridyl, and -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 ),

[0211] Q 31 To Q 33 Optional from C1-C 10 Alkyl, C1-C 10 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl.

[0212] In this implementation, xd4 in Equation 501 can be 2, but the implementation is not limited to this.

[0213] For example, the organic fluorescent dopant compound can be selected from compounds FD1 to FD22:

[0214]

[0215]

[0216]

[0217] In this embodiment, the organic fluorescent dopant compound may be selected from the compounds listed below, but the embodiment is not limited to these.

[0218]

[0219] Organic delayed fluorescence dopant compounds refer to organic compounds that can emit delayed fluorescence alone or simultaneously emit both delayed fluorescence and fluorescence.

[0220] In embodiments, the organic delayed fluorescence dopant compound may include a compound represented by formula 502:

[0221] <Formula 502>

[0222]

[0223] In Equation 502,

[0224] A 501 To A 503 Each can be independently classified as C5-C 60 Carbocyclic groups or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0225] L 501 To L 505 Each can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0226] a501 to a505 can each be an integer selected from 1 to 3 independently.

[0227] R 503 To R 507 Each can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 Aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, and

[0228] c11 to c13 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 6 independently.

[0229] In the implementation, A in formula 502 501 To A 503 Each group can be independently selected from phenyl, naphthyl, heptatenyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl, phenanthyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranthyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzo[a]phenanthryl, tetraphenyl, styrene, peryl, penfenyl, ind[a]anthryl, ind[a]phenanthryl, and groups represented by formula 503:

[0230] <Formula 503>

[0231]

[0232] In Equation 503,

[0233] A 504 To A 506 With A in combination 502 501 The same as described.

[0234] L 504 To L 508 With L in combination 502 501 The same as described.

[0235] a504 to a508 are the same as a501 in combination 502.

[0236] R 506 To R 510 With R in combination 502 503 The description is the same, and

[0237] c14 to c16 are the same as c11 in combination 502.

[0238] In the implementation, L in formula 502 501 To L 505 Same as described above.

[0239] In the implementation, R in formula 502 503 To R 507 Each can be selected independently:

[0240] Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranyl, benzo[a]phenanthryl, pyrene, 1,2-benzo[a]phenanthryl, perylene, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thiophene, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzo[a]carbazole, dibenzo[a]carbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, and pyridyl; and

[0241] Each of the following is substituted with at least one of the following: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranyl, benzo[a]phenanthryl, pyrene, 1,2-benzo[a]phenanthryl, perylene, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thiophene, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzo[a]carbazole, dibenzo[a]carbazole, dibenzothiophene, and pyridyl: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazyl, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranyl, benzo[a]phenanthryl, pyrene, 1,2-benzo[a]phenanthryl, perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thiophene, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzo[a]carbazole, dibenzo[a]carbazole, dibenzothiophene, pyridyl, and -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 ),

[0242] Q 31 To Q 33 Optional from C1-C 10 Alkyl, C1-C 10 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl.

[0243] In the implementation, c11 to c13 in formula 502 can be 0 or 1, but the implementation is not limited to this.

[0244] For example, organic delayed fluorescence dopant compounds can be selected from compounds FD23 to FD25 below:

[0245]

[0246] Organometallic phosphorescent dopants are organic compounds that can emit phosphorescence.

[0247] In this embodiment, the organometallic phosphorescent dopant compound can be represented by formula 401:

[0248] <Formula 401>

[0249] M(L 401 ) xc1 (L 402 ) xc2

[0250] In Equation 401,

[0251] M can be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), and thulium (Tm).

[0252] L 401 The ligand can be represented by Equation 402, and xc1 can be 1, 2, or 3, wherein when xc1 is 2 or greater, two or more L... 401 They can be the same or different from each other.

[0253] L 402 It can be an organic ligand, and xc2 can be an integer selected from 0 to 4, wherein when xc2 can be 2 or greater, two or more L 402 They can be the same or different from each other.

[0254] <Formula 402>

[0255]

[0256] In Equation 402, X 401 To X 404 They can be nitrogen or carbon independently.

[0257] X 401 and X 403 It can be connected via a single or double key, and X 402 and X 404 It can be connected via a single key or a double key.

[0258] A 401 and A 402 Each can be independently classified as C5-C 60 Carbocyclic groups or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0259] X 405 It can be a single bond, *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-N(Q) 411 )-*'、*-C(Q411 (Q) 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 )=C(Q 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 ) = *', or * = C(Q 411 )-*', where Q 411 and Q 412 It can be hydrogen, deuterium, or C1-C. 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, or naphthyl,

[0260] X 406 It can be a single bond, O, or S.

[0261] R 401 and R 402 Each can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 20 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q 401 (Q) 402 (Q) 403 -N(Q) 401 (Q) 402 -B(Q) 401 (Q) 402 -C(=O)(Q) 401 -S(=O)2(Q) 401 ) and -P(=O)(Q 401 (Q) 402 ), and Q 401 To Q 403 Each can be independently selected from C1-C 10 Alkyl, C1-C 10 Alkoxy, C6-C 20Aryl and C1-C 20 Mixed aromatics,

[0262] xc11 and xc12 can each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 3, and

[0263] In Equation 402, * and *' each indicate the binding site with M in Equation 401.

[0264] In the implementation, A in formula 402 401 and A 402 Each of the following can be independently selected from phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, indyl, pyrroleyl, thiopheneyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, carbazoleyl, benzoimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, benzo[c]thiopheneyl, benzooxazolyl, benzoisooxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazinyl, dibenzofuranyl, and dibenzothiopheneyl.

[0265] In the implementation, in equation 402, i)X 401 It can be nitrogen and X 402 It can be carbon, or ii)X 401 and X 402 Each can be nitrogen at the same time.

[0266] In the implementation, R in formula 402 401 and R 402 Each can be selected independently:

[0267] Hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl and C1-C 20 Alkoxy;

[0268] Each is selected from at least one of the following C1-C substituted. 20 Alkyl and C1-C 20 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, phenyl, naphthyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, and norbornyl;

[0269] Cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, norbornyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, carbazoleyl, dibenzofuranyl, and dibenzothiophenyl;

[0270] Each of the following is substituted with at least one of the following: cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, norbornel, norbornel-enyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, carbazoleyl, dibenzofuranyl, and dibenzothiopheneyl: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazyl, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, norbornel, norbornel-enyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, carbazoleyl, dibenzofuranyl, and dibenzothiopheneyl; and

[0271] -Si(Q 401 (Q) 402 (Q) 403 -N(Q) 401 (Q) 402 -B(Q) 401 (Q) 402 -C(=O)(Q) 401 -S(=O)2(Q) 401 ) and -P(=O)(Q 401 (Q) 402 ),

[0272] Q 401 To Q 403 Each can be independently selected from C1-C 10 Alkyl, C1-C 10 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, and naphthyl groups are used, but the implementation methods are not limited to these.

[0273] In the implementation, when xc1 in equation 401 is 2 or greater, two or more L 401 The two A's in 401 Can be selected via X 407 (It is a linking group) connected to each other, two A's 402 Can be selected via X 408 (They are linking groups) linked to each other (see compounds PD1 to PD4 and PD7 below). X 407 and X 408 Each can be independently a single bond, *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-N(Q)-*', or *-N(Q)-*'. 413 )-*'、*-C(Q 413 (Q) 414 )-*' or *-C(Q 413 )=C(Q 414)-*'(where Q) 413 and Q 414 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, or C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, or naphthyl), but the implementation methods are not limited to these.

[0274] L in Equation 401 402 It can be a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organic ligand. For example, L... 402 The ligands can be selected from halogens, diketones (e.g., acetylacetonates), carboxylic acids (e.g., pyridine carboxylates), -C (=O), isonitriles, -CN, and phosphorus-containing ligands (e.g., phosphine or phosphites), but the implementation is not limited thereto.

[0275] In the embodiments, the organometallic phosphorescent dopant may be selected from, for example, compounds PD1 to PD25 listed below, but the embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0276]

[0277] The volume of the first material may be greater than or equal to the volume of the second material. In embodiments, the volume ratio of the first material to the second material may be in the range of about 99:1 to about 50:50, but the embodiments are not limited to this. Within the above range, the second material may form energy levels that are selective relative to the first material, and therefore may be sufficient to act as a sensitizer.

[0278] The volume of the third material in the emitting layer can range from about 1% to about 15%, but the implementation is not limited to this. Within the range mentioned above, the third material can be sufficient to act as a light-emitting dopant.

[0279] The thickness of the emitting layer can range from about 0.1 nm to about 100 nm. For example, the thickness of the emitting layer can range from about 15 nm to about 50 nm. For example, when the emitting layer emits blue light, the thickness of the blue emitting layer can range from about 15 nm to about 20 nm. For example, when the emitting layer emits green light, the thickness of the green emitting layer can range from about 20 nm to about 40 nm. For example, when the emitting layer emits red light, the thickness of the red emitting layer can range from about 40 nm to about 50 nm. When the thickness of the emitting layer is within these ranges, the light-emitting device 1 can have excellent light-emitting characteristics without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0280] [Electron transport region in interlayer 150]

[0281] The electron transport region may have i) a single-layer structure comprising a single layer of a single material, ii) a single-layer structure comprising a single layer of a different material, or iii) a multi-layer structure comprising multiple layers of different materials.

[0282] The electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof, but the implementation is not limited thereto.

[0283] [Electron injection layer in the electron transport region]

[0284] The light-emitting device 1 may include an electron injection layer that contacts (e.g., directly contacts) the second electrode 190.

[0285] The electron injection layer may include a sixth material, and the sixth material may include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, or any combination thereof.

[0286] In this implementation, the electron injection layer may be composed of a sixth material. For example, the electron injection layer may not include any material other than the sixth material.

[0287] In one embodiment, the electron injection layer may further include a seventh material, and the sixth and seventh materials may be different from each other. The seventh material may include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, lanthanides, or any combination thereof.

[0288] In this embodiment, the sixth material may be a compound having a wide bandgap of about 7 eV or greater. Accordingly, the sixth material may substantially not absorb light.

[0289] In an embodiment, the seventh material may be a compound having a low work function of about 2.6 eV or less.

[0290] In the implementation, the sixth material can be represented by formula X, and the seventh material can be represented by formula Y:

[0291] <Form X>

[0292] A n B m

[0293] <Formula Y>

[0294] C.

[0295] In equations X and Y,

[0296] A and C can each independently include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, lanthanides, or any combination thereof.

[0297] B can be a halogen.

[0298] n and m can each be an independent integer of 1 or greater, such that the sixth material is neutral, and

[0299] A and C can be different from each other.

[0300] When A and C are different from each other, the seventh material can supplement the light absorption based on the narrow band gap of the sixth material.

[0301] For example, in formulas X and Y, A may include Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs or any combination thereof, B may include F, Cl, Br, I or any combination thereof, each of n and m is 1, and C may include La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu or any combination thereof.

[0302] In the embodiments, the sixth material may include NaI, KI, RbI, CsI, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF or any combination thereof, and the seventh material may include La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu or any combination thereof.

[0303] In the electron-injected layer, the volume of the sixth material can be greater than or equal to the volume of the seventh material. In an embodiment, the volume percentage of the seventh material in the electron-injected layer can be greater than 0% and less than or equal to 50%. In an embodiment, the volume percentage of the seventh material in the electron-injected layer can be in the range of about 5% to about 10%, but the embodiment is not limited to this. When the volume of the seventh material is within the above range, the seventh material can be sufficient to supplement the light absorption based on the narrow bandgap of the sixth material.

[0304] The thickness of the electron injection layer can range from about 0.1 nm to about 5 nm. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within the above range, satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0305] [Electron transport layer in the electron transport region]

[0306] The light-emitting device 1 may include an electron transport layer that contacts (e.g., directly contacts) the emitting layer.

[0307] The electron transport layer may include a tenth material and an eleventh material, and the tenth material and the eleventh material may be different from each other. The tenth material may include at least one electron transport organic compound, and the eleventh material may include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, or any combination thereof.

[0308] As used herein, the term "electron-transporting organic compound" refers to a metal-free compound that includes at least one ring of nitrogen containing π-electrons depleted.

[0309] "A ring containing nitrogen with depleted π electrons" indicates a C1-C ring with at least one *-N=*' moiety as the cyclic component. 60 Heterocyclic groups.

[0310] For example, "a ring containing nitrogen with depleted π electrons" can be i) a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic group having at least one *-N=*' moiety, ii) a heteropolycyclic group wherein two or more 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic groups, each having at least one *-N=*' moiety, are fused together, or iii) at least one of the 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic groups, each having at least one *-N=*' moiety, is combined with at least one C5-C 60 A heterocyclic group with fused carbocyclic groups.

[0311] Examples of rings containing nitrogen with depleted π electrons include, but are not limited to, imidazole rings, pyrazole rings, thiazole rings, isothiazole rings, oxazole rings, isoxazole rings, pyridine rings, pyrazine rings, pyrimidine rings, pyridazine rings, indazole rings, purine rings, quinoline rings, isoquinoline rings, benzo[a]quinoline rings, phthalazine rings, naphthidine rings, quinoxaline rings, quinazoline rings, cyclophosphine rings, phenanthridine rings, acridine rings, phenanthrene-rhein rings, phenazine rings, benzimidazole rings, benziisothiazole rings, benziisoxazole rings, benziisoxazole rings, triazole rings, tetraazole rings, oxadiazole rings, triazine rings, thiadiazole rings, imidazo[a]pyridine rings, imidazo[a]pyrimidine rings, and azacarbazole rings.

[0312] As used herein, the term "electron transport organic compound" may include compounds represented by formula 601:

[0313] <Formula 601>

[0314] [Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21 .

[0315] In Equation 601,

[0316] Ar 601 C5-C can be substituted or unsubstituted. 60 The carbocyclic group is either substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0317] xe11 can be 1, 2, or 3.

[0318] L 601 C3-C can be self-substituted or unsubstituted. 10 Cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0319] xe1 can be an integer selected from 0 to 5.

[0320] R 601 C3-C can be self-substituted or unsubstituted. 10 Cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q 601 (Q) 602 (Q) 603 -C(=O)(Q) 601 -S(=O)2(Q) 601 ) and -P(=O)(Q 601 (Q) 602 ),

[0321] Q 601 To Q 603 Each can be independently C1-C 10 Alkyl, C1-C 10 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, or naphthyl, and

[0322] xe21 can be an integer selected from 1 to 5.

[0323] In the implementation method, the quantity of Ar is xe11. 601 and R with a quantity of xe21 601 At least one of them may include a nitrogen ring containing π electrons depleted.

[0324] In the implementation method, Ar in formula 601 601 Optional from:

[0325] Phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenanthrene, tetraphenyl, lavany, perylene, penfenyl, indoxane, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, carbazole, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridyl Azinyl, indazole, purinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cenolinyl, phenanthridine, acridineyl, phenanthrolinel, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazinyl, thiadiazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and azacarbazolyl; and

[0326] Each of the following is substituted with at least one of the following: phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenanthrene, tetraphenyl, lavany, perylene, penfenyl, indoxaneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, carbazole, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indazole, or purine. Quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthidyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinolinyl, phenanthridine, acridineyl, phenanthrolinel, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazinyl, thiadiazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl and azacarbazolyl: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazyl, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),

[0327] Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently selected from C1-C 10 Alkyl, C1-C 10 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl.

[0328] When xe11 in equation 601 is 2 or greater, two or more Ar 601 They can be connected to each other via a single key.

[0329] In the implementation method, Ar in formula 601 601 It can be anthracene.

[0330] In an embodiment, the compound represented by formula 601 can be represented by the following formula 601-1:

[0331] <Formula 601-1>

[0332]

[0333] In Equation 601-1,

[0334] X 614 It can be N or C(R) 614 ), X 615 It can be N or C(R) 615 ), X 616 It can be N or C(R) 616 ), and X 614 To X 616 At least one of them can be N,

[0335] L 611 To L 613 Each can be independently combined with L 601 The same as described.

[0336] xe611 to xe613 can each be independently identical to the one described in conjunction with xe1.

[0337] R 611 To R 613 Each can independently combine with R 601 The description is the same, and

[0338] R 614 To R 616 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl.

[0339] In the implementation, L in Formula 601 and Formula 601-1 601 and L 611 To L 613 Each can be selected independently:

[0340] Phenylidene, naphthylene, fluorenelene, spiro-difluorene, benzo[a]fluorene, dibenzo[a]fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthracene, benzo[a]phenanthrene, pyrene, 1,2-benzo[a]phenanthrene, perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenylene, pentaphenylene, thiopheneyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indoleyl, isoyindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzo[a]carbazolyl, dibenzo[a]carbazolyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, pyridyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiopheneyl Azolyl, iminothiazolyl, iminooxazolyl, iminooxazolyl, iminothiadiazolyl, iminooxadiazolyl, iminopyrazinyl, iminopyridinyl, iminopyridinyl, triazinyl, iminopyrinyl, iminopyrinyl, iminopyrinyl, benzoquinolineyl, iminopyrazinyl, iminopyridinyl, iminopyridinyl, iminopyridinyl, iminopyridinyl, iminopyridinyl, iminopyridinyl, iminopyridinyl, iminopyridinyl, iminopyridinyl, iminopyridinyl, iminopyridinyl, iminopyridinyl, iminopyridinyl, iminopyridinyl, iminopyridinyl, iminopyridinyl, and iminopyrazoleyl; and

[0341] Each of the following is substituted with at least one of the following: phenylene, naphthylene, fluorene, spiro-difluorene, benzo[a]fluorene, dibenzo[a]fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluorenylene, benzo[a]phenanthrene, pyrene, 1,2-benzo[a]phenanthrene, perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenylene, pentaphenylene, thiopheneyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indoleyl, isoyindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzo[a]carbazolyl, dibenzo[a]carbazolyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl. Azolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthidyl, quinoxalinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenanthrinyl, acridineyl, phenanthrolineyl, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzisisothiazolyl, benzisisothiazolyl, benzisisothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl and zazacarbazolyl: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazyl, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranyl, benzo[a]phenanthryl, pyrene, 1,2-benzo[a]phenanthryl, perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thiophene, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzo[a]carbazole, dibenzo[a]carbazole, dibenzothiophene, pyridyl, imidazole Pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cinolinyl, phenanthridineyl, acridineyl, phenanthroxolinyl, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and azacarbazolyl.

[0342] However, the implementation methods are not limited to this.

[0343] In the implementation, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Formula 601 and Formula 601-1 can each be 0, 1 or 2 independently.

[0344] In the implementation, R in formula 601 and formula 601-1 601 and R 611 To R 613 Each can be selected independently:

[0345] Phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranyl, benzo[a]phenanthryl, pyrene, 1,2-benzo[a]phenanthryl, perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thiophene, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzo[a]carbazole, dibenzo[a]carbazole, dibenzothiophene, pyridyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl Azolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cinolinyl, phenanthridineyl, acridineyl, phenanthroxolinyl, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and azacarbazolyl;

[0346] Each of the following is substituted with at least one of the following: phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthraceneyl, fluoranyl, benzo[a]phenanthryl, pyrene, 1,2-benzo[a]phenanthryl, perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazoleyl, indoleyl, isoindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothienyl, benzo[a]carbazoleyl, dibenzo[a]carbazoleyl, dibenzothiophenyl, pyridyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl. Oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, phenanthridine, acridineyl, phenanthrolinel, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl and azacarbazolyl: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazyl, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthraceneyl, fluoranyl, benzo[a]phenanthryl, pyrene, 1,2-benzo[a]phenanthryl, perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thiophene, furanyl, carbazoleyl, indoleyl, isoindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzo[a]carbazoleyl, dibenzo[a]carbazoleyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, pyridyl, imidazolyl, Pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cinolinyl, phenanthridineyl, acridineyl, phenanthroxolinyl, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzoxoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and azacarbazolyl; and

[0347] -S(=O)2(Q 601 ) and -P(=O)(Q 601 (Q) 602 ),

[0348] Q 601 and Q 602 Same as described above.

[0349] The electron transport region may include at least one compound selected from compounds ET1 to ET36, but the implementation is not limited thereto:

[0350]

[0351]

[0352]

[0353]

[0354] In embodiments, the electron transport region may include at least one selected from: 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq3, BAlq, 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), and NTAZ.

[0355]

[0356] In the electron transport layer, the volume of the tenth material may be greater than or equal to the volume of the eleventh material. In an embodiment, the volume ratio of the tenth material to the eleventh material in the electron transport layer may be in the range of about 99:1 to about 50:50.

[0357] The thickness of the electron transport layer can range from about 0.1 nm to about 100 nm. When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within the above range, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0358] Metallic materials in the electron transport region

[0359] In addition to the materials mentioned above, the electron transport region may further include metallic materials.

[0360] Metallic materials may include at least one selected from alkali metal complexes and alkaline earth metal complexes.

[0361] The ligands that coordinate with the metal ions of alkali metal complexes or alkaline earth metal complexes may be selected from hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthrene, and cyclopentadiene, but the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0362] For example, metallic materials may include Li complexes. Li complexes may include, for example, compounds ET-D1 (lithium 8-hydroxyquinoline, LiQ) or ET-D2:

[0363]

[0364] [Second electrode 190]

[0365] The second electrode 190 may be located on the interlayer 150 having the above-described structure. The second electrode 190 may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode, and in this regard, the material used to form the second electrode 190 may be selected from metals, alloys, conductive compounds and combinations thereof, which have relatively low work function.

[0366] The second electrode 190 may include at least one selected from the following: lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), ITO, and IZO, but the embodiments are not limited thereto. The second electrode 190 may be a transmission electrode, a semi-transmission electrode, or a reflection electrode.

[0367] The second electrode 190 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers.

[0368] The thickness of the second electrode 190 can be in the range of about 5 nm to about 20 nm. Within this range, light absorption at the second electrode 190 can be minimized.

[0369] [ Figures 2 to 4 [Description]

[0370] The light-emitting device may further include a first capping layer and / or a second capping layer. In an embodiment, the first capping layer 210, anode 110, interlayer 150, and cathode 190 may be stacked sequentially in the order described (see [link to description]). Figure 2 The anode 110, interlayer 150, cathode 190, and second capping layer 220 can be stacked sequentially in the order described (see [link to description]). Figure 3 Alternatively, the first capping layer 210, anode 110, interlayer 150, cathode 190, and second capping layer 220 can be stacked sequentially in the order described (see [link to original text]). Figure 4 ).

[0371] The light generated in the emitting layer of the interlayer 150 of the light-emitting device 1 can be emitted through the anode 110, which serves as a semi-transparent electrode or a transmission electrode, and the first capping layer 210; or the light generated in the emitting layer of the interlayer 150 of the light-emitting device 1 can be emitted through the cathode 190, which serves as a semi-transparent electrode or a transmission electrode, and the second capping layer 220.

[0372] The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 can increase the external luminescence efficiency based on the principle of constructive interference.

[0373] The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 can each be an organic capping layer including organic materials, an inorganic capping layer including inorganic materials, or a composite capping layer including organic and inorganic materials.

[0374] At least one of the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently comprise at least one material selected from: carbocyclic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, amine compounds, porphyrin derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalenephthalocyanine derivatives, alkali metal complexes, and alkaline earth metal complexes. The carbocyclic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, and amine compounds may optionally be substituted with substituents containing at least one element selected from O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, and I. In embodiments, at least one of the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently comprise an amine compound.

[0375] In an embodiment, at least one of the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include a compound represented by formula 201 or a compound represented by formula 202.

[0376] In one embodiment, at least one of the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include a compound selected from compounds HT28 to HT33 and compounds CP1 to CP5, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0377]

[0378] [Serial Light Emitting Device]

[0379] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device 5 according to an embodiment.

[0380] See Figure 5 The light-emitting device 5 according to the embodiment may include: a first electrode 510; a second electrode 590 facing the first electrode 510; n light-emitting units ELU1 to ELU(n) located between the first electrode 510 and the second electrode 590; and n-1 charge-generating units CGU(n-1) located between adjacent light-emitting units, wherein n is a natural number of 2 or greater, and each of the light-emitting units may include an emitting layer.

[0381] n light-emitting units can emit light of different colors or the same color.

[0382] In one implementation, all n light-emitting units may emit blue light, but the implementation is not limited to this.

[0383] In an implementation, each charge generation unit may include an n-type charge generation layer.

[0384] The n-type charge generation layer may include a twelfth and a thirteenth material.

[0385] The twelfth material may include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, lanthanides, transition metals, post-transition metals, or any combination thereof.

[0386] The thirteenth material may include one or more electron-transporting organic compounds.

[0387] The volume ratio of the thirteenth material to the twelfth material can be in the range of about 99:1 to about 80:20.

[0388] The thickness of the n-type charge generation layer can range from about 0.1 nm to about 20 nm.

[0389] In an implementation, each of the charge generation units may further include a p-type charge generation layer.

[0390] The p-type charge generation layer may include a fourteenth material and a fifteenth material.

[0391] The fourteenth material may include hole-transporting organic compounds, inorganic insulating compounds, or any combination thereof.

[0392] The fifteenth material may include one or more inorganic semiconductor compounds.

[0393] For example, the fourteenth material may include a hole-transporting organic compound, and the volume ratio of the fourteenth material to the fifteenth material may be in the range of about 99:1 to about 80:20.

[0394] In an embodiment, the fourteenth material may include an inorganic insulating compound, and the volume ratio of the fourteenth material to the fifteenth material may be in the range of about 99:1 to about 50:50.

[0395] The thickness of the p-type charge generation layer can range from about 0.1 nm to about 20 nm.

[0396] In this embodiment, the first electrode 510 may be an anode, the second electrode 590 may be a cathode, the nth light-emitting unit may be located between the first electrode 510 and the second electrode 590, the (n-1)th light-emitting unit may be located between the first electrode 510 and the nth light-emitting unit, the (n-1)th charge-generating unit may be located between the nth light-emitting unit and the (n-1)th light-emitting unit, the nth light-emitting unit may include the nth emitting layer, the (n-1)th light-emitting unit may include the (n-1)th emitting layer, the (n-1)th hole transport region may be further located between the first electrode 510 and the (n-1)th emitting layer, the (n-1)th electron transport region may be further located between the nth emitting layer and the (n-1)th charge-generating unit, the nth hole transport region may be further located between the (n-1)th charge-generating unit and the nth emitting layer, and the nth electron transport region may be further located between the nth emitting layer and the second electrode 590.

[0397] Each hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof, and each electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0398] Because each component is in accordance with the above Figure 1 The corresponding components of the implementation method have the same or similar functions, so their detailed description will be omitted.

[0399] [equipment]

[0400] Light-emitting devices can be included in various devices. For example, light-emitting devices, authentication devices, or electronic devices that include light-emitting devices can be provided.

[0401] [Light-emitting devices]

[0402] In a light-emitting device, a color filter may be located in at least one direction of travel of the light emitted from the light-emitting device. For example, the light emitted from the light-emitting device may be blue light, but the implementation is not limited to this.

[0403] The first substrate of the light-emitting device may include sub-pixel regions, and the color filter may include color filter regions respectively corresponding to the sub-pixel regions. A pixel defining film may be formed between the sub-pixel regions to define each of the sub-pixel regions. The color filter may include a light-shielding pattern between the color filter regions.

[0404] The color filter region may include a first color filter region emitting a first color light, a second color filter region emitting a second color light, and a third color filter region emitting a third color light, and the first color light, the second color light, and the third color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths from each other. For example, the first color light may be red light, the second color light may be green light, and the third color light may be blue light, but the implementation is not limited to this.

[0405] For example, each color filter region may include quantum dots, or only some color filter regions may include quantum dots.

[0406] In one embodiment, the first color filter region may include red quantum dots, the second color filter region may include green quantum dots, and the third color filter region may not include quantum dots. In this regard, the light-emitting device may emit first light, the first color filter region may absorb the first light to emit a first first color light, the second color filter region may absorb the first light to emit a second first color light, and the third color filter region may allow the first light to pass through. In this regard, the first first color light, the second first color light, and the first light may have different maximum emission wavelengths from each other. The first light may be blue light, the first first color light may be red light, and the second first color light may be green light, but the embodiment is not limited to these.

[0407] In one embodiment, the first color filter region may include red quantum dots, the second color filter region may include green quantum dots, and the third color filter region may include blue quantum dots. The light-emitting device may emit first light, the first color filter region may absorb the first light to emit a first first color light, the second color filter region may absorb the first light to emit a second first color light, and the third color filter region may absorb the first light to emit a third first color light. In this regard, the first first color light, the second first color light, and the third first color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths from each other. The first light may be blue light, the first first color light may be red light, the second first color light may be green light, and the third first color light may be blue light, but the embodiment is not limited to these.

[0408] Quantum dots refer to crystals of semiconductor compounds and can include any material that emits emission wavelengths of different lengths depending on the crystal size. Accordingly, there are no particular limitations on the type of compounds that constitute quantum dots.

[0409] In embodiments, quantum dots may include semiconductor compound materials selected from: group III-VI semiconductor compounds; group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; group II-VI semiconductor compounds; group III-V semiconductor compounds; group IV-VI semiconductor compounds; group IV elements or compounds; and combinations thereof.

[0410] For example, the group III-VI semiconductor compound may be selected from: binary compounds such as In2S3; for example, the group I-III-VI semiconductor compound may be selected from: ternary compounds selected from AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2 and any mixture thereof, but the implementation is not limited thereto.

[0411] For example, group II-VI semiconductor compounds may be selected from: binary compounds selected from CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS and any mixture thereof; and binary compounds selected from CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, C Ternary compounds selected from dHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS and any mixture thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, HgZnSTe and any mixture thereof, but the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0412] For example, the group III-V semiconductor compound may be selected from: binary compounds selected from GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb and any mixture thereof; ternary compounds selected from GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb and any mixture thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, GaAlNP and any mixture thereof, but the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0413] For example, the group IV-VI semiconductor compounds may be selected from: binary compounds selected from SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe and any mixture thereof; ternary compounds selected from SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe and any mixture thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe and any mixture thereof, but the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0414] For example, Group IV elements or compounds may be selected from: single elements selected from Si, Ge and any mixture thereof; and binary compounds selected from SiC, SiGe and any mixture thereof, but the implementation is not limited thereto.

[0415] Binary, ternary, or quaternary compounds can exist in particles at a uniform concentration, or they can exist in the same particle at different concentration distributions.

[0416] Quantum dots can have a uniform single structure or a dual core-shell structure. For example, the core and shell can comprise different materials. For instance, the materials constituting each of the core and shell can comprise different semiconductor compounds.

[0417] The shell of a quantum dot can serve as a protective layer to maintain semiconductor properties by preventing chemical denaturation of the core, and / or as a charging layer to impart electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell can be monolayer or multilayer. The interface between the core and shell can have a concentration gradient, where the concentration of elements present in the shell decreases towards the center.

[0418] Examples of shells for quantum dots may include metal or non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds, or any combination thereof. For example, metal or non-metal oxides may include binary compounds such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, or NiO, or ternary compounds such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, or CoMn2O4, but implementations are not limited thereto. Semiconductor compounds may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, and AlSb, but implementations are not limited thereto.

[0419] There is no particular limitation on the diameter of quantum dots, but it can be in the range of, for example, from about 1 nm to about 10 nm. By adjusting the size of the quantum dots, the band gap can also be adjusted, thereby obtaining light of various wavelengths in the quantum dot emission layer. Therefore, by using quantum dots of different sizes, displays that emit light of various wavelengths can be realized.

[0420] The size of quantum dots can be selected to emit red, green, and blue light to create a color display. The size of quantum dots can also be configured by combining various colors of light to emit white light.

[0421] Quantum dots can be spherical, conical, multi-armed or cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers or nanosheets, but the implementation methods are not limited to these.

[0422] The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission wavelength spectrum of quantum dots can be about 45 nm or less. For example, the FWHM of the emission wavelength spectrum of quantum dots can be about 40 nm or less. For example, the FWHM of the emission wavelength spectrum of quantum dots can be about 30 nm or less. When the FWHM of the emission wavelength spectrum of quantum dots is within this range, color purity or color reproduction can be improved. The light emitted by such quantum dots radiates in all directions, thus providing a wide viewing angle.

[0423] Quantum dots can be synthesized through wet chemical processes, organometallic chemical vapor deposition processes, molecular beam epitaxy processes, or similar processes.

[0424] According to the wet chemical process, precursor materials are added to an organic solvent to grow particulate crystals. During crystal growth, the organic solvent acts as a dispersant for natural surface coordination with the quantum dot crystals and controls the crystal growth. In this respect, compared to vapor deposition processes such as metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), the wet chemical process can be easily performed and allows for control of the growth of inorganic nanoparticles through a low-cost process.

[0425] The first color filter region, the second color filter region, and the third color filter region may each include a scattering component, but the implementation is not limited thereto.

[0426] In addition to the light-emitting device 1 as described above, the light-emitting device may further include a thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, wherein either the source electrode or the drain electrode may be electrically connected to either the first electrode 110 or the second electrode 190 of the light-emitting device 1.

[0427] Thin-film transistors may further include gate electrodes or gate insulating layers, etc.

[0428] The active layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, organic semiconductors, or oxide semiconductors, but the implementation is not limited to these.

[0429] The light-emitting device may further include a seal for sealing the light-emitting device. The seal may be located between the color filter and the light-emitting device. The seal allows the image from the light-emitting device to be realized and prevents external air and moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting device. The seal may be a sealing substrate comprising a transparent glass or plastic substrate. The seal may be a thin-film encapsulation layer comprising organic and / or inorganic layers. When the seal is a thin-film encapsulation layer, the entire display device may be flexible.

[0430] Light-emitting devices can be used as various displays and light sources, etc.

[0431] [Certified Equipment]

[0432] The authentication device may be, for example, a biometric authentication device that uses biometric information from a biometric sample (such as a fingerprint or pupil) to authenticate an individual.

[0433] In addition to the light-emitting device, the certification device may further include a bioassay information collector.

[0434] [Electronic Devices]

[0435] Electronic devices can be applied to personal computers (e.g., mobile personal computers), mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic notebooks, electronic dictionaries, video game consoles, medical instruments (e.g., electronic thermometers, blood pressure monitors, blood glucose meters, pulse measuring devices, pulse wave measuring devices, electrocardiogram (ECG) displays, ultrasound diagnostic devices, or endoscopic displays), fish finders, various measuring instruments, meters (e.g., instruments for vehicles, aircraft, and ships), and projectors, but the implementation is not limited thereto.

[0436] [Preparation Method]

[0437] The layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer, and the electron transport region can be formed using one or more suitable methods, selected from vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Brookett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, and laser-induced thermal imaging.

[0438] In the case of forming layers constituting hole transport regions, emission regions, and electron transport regions by vacuum deposition, by considering the materials to be included in the layers to be formed and the structure of the layers to be formed, deposition temperatures in the range of about 100°C to about 500°C, and about 10 -8 To about 10 -3 Vacuum degree and approximately within the range of Torr to approximately Deposition is carried out at deposition rates within a certain range.

[0439] When spin coating is used to form layers constituting hole transport regions, emission regions, and electron transport regions, spin coating can be performed at coating speeds ranging from about 2,000 rpm to about 5,000 rpm and heat treatment temperatures ranging from about 80°C to 200°C, taking into account the materials to be included in the layers to be formed and the structure of the layers to be formed.

[0440] [Definition of substituents]

[0441] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "alkyl" refers to a monovalent group of a straight-chain or branched aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, and hexyl. As used herein, the term "C1-C" is also used. 60 "alkylene" refers to C1-C 60 Alkyl groups have the same structure as divalent groups.

[0442] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkenyl" refers to the group at C2-C 60The alkyl group has at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the end, and examples include vinyl, propenyl, and butenyl groups. As used herein, the term "C2-C" is used... 60 "Ideinyl" refers to C2-C 60 Alkenes have divalent groups with the same structure.

[0443] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkyne group" refers to the group at C2-C 60 An alkyl group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the end, and examples include ethynyl and propynyl groups. As used herein, the term "C2-C" is used... 60 "Iso-ynyl" refers to C2-C 60 The alkynyl group is a divalent group with the same structure.

[0444] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Alkyloxy" refers to the group consisting of -OA 101 The monovalent group represented (where A) 101 For C1-C 60 Alkyl groups, and examples of them include methoxy, ethoxy and isopropoxy.

[0445] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkyl" refers to a monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl. As used herein, the term "C3-C" is also used. 10 "Cycloalkylene" refers to C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups have the same divalent structure.

[0446] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 Heterocyclic alkyl refers to a monovalent monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a cyclic atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples include 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, and tetrahydrothiophenyl. The term "C1-C" as used herein is also used. 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl" refers to C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups have divalent groups with the same structure.

[0447] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkenyl" refers to a monovalent monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring and being non-aromatic, and examples include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptenyl. As used herein, the term "C3-C" is also relevant. 10 "Iridylene" refers to C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups are divalent groups with the same structure.

[0448] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups refer to monovalent monocyclic groups having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as cyclic atoms, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one double bond in their rings. (C1-C) 10 Examples of heterocyclic alkenyl groups include 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxarizolyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, and 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl. As used herein, the term "C1-C..." 10 "Heterocyclic alkenyl" refers to C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups are divalent groups with the same structure.

[0449] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Aryl" refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system containing 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and the term "C6-C" as used herein... 60 "Arylene" refers to a divalent group in a carbocyclic aromatic system containing 6 to 60 carbon atoms. (C6-C) 60 Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, anthraceneyl, phenanthryl, pyrene, and 1,2-benzophenanthryl. When C6-C... 60 Aryl and C6-C 60 When each of the aryl groups comprises two or more rings, the two or more rings can fused together.

[0450] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Heteroaryl" refers to a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system, which, in addition to 1 to 60 carbon atoms, has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a cyclic atom. As used herein, the term "C1-C" is similar. 60 "Hypo-heteroaryl" refers to a divalent group possessing a heterocyclic aromatic system, which, in addition to 1 to 60 carbon atoms, has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a cyclic atom. C1-C 60 Examples of heteroaryl groups include pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, and isoquinolinyl. When C1-C... 60 heteroaryl and C1-C 60 When each heteroaryl group comprises two or more rings, the two or more rings can fused together.

[0451] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Aryloxy" refers to -OA 102 (where A) 102 For C6-C 60 Aryl), and the term "C6-C" as used herein. 60 "Arylthio" refers to -SA 103 (where A)103 For C6-C 60 Aryl).

[0452] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Heteroaryloxy" refers to -OA 104 (where A) 104 For C1-C 60 (Heteroaryl), and as used herein, the term "C1-C" 60 "Heteroarylsulfonyl" refers to -SA 105 (where A) 105 For C1-C 60 (Miscellaneous aromatics).

[0453] As used herein, the term "monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group" refers to a monovalent group having two or more fused rings, having only carbon atoms as cyclic atoms, and lacking aromaticity throughout its molecular structure (e.g., having 8 to 60 carbon atoms). A detailed example of a monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group is the fluorene group. As used herein, the term "divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group" refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group.

[0454] As used herein, the term "monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group" refers to a monovalent group having two or more fused rings, having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms, and lacking aromaticity throughout its molecular structure (e.g., having 1 to 60 carbon atoms). An example of a monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group is the carbazoyl group. As used herein, the term "divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group" refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group.

[0455] As used in this article, the term "C5-C" 60 A "carbocyclic group" refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic group consisting of 5 to 60 carbon atoms, with carbon as the only ring-forming atom. (C5-C) 60 The carbocyclic group can be an aromatic carbocyclic group or a non-aromatic carbocyclic group. C5-C 60 The carbocyclic group can be cyclic, such as benzene; monovalent, such as phenyl; or divalent, such as phenylene. In embodiments, the specific group depends on the connection to C5-C. 60 The number of substituents in the carbocyclic group, C5-C 60 The carbon ring group can be a trivalent group or a tetravalent group.

[0456] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Heterocyclic group" refers to C5-C 60Carbocyclic groups are groups with the same structure, except that in addition to carbon (the number of carbon atoms can range from 1 to 60), at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P and S is used as the cyclic atom.

[0457] Selected from the replaced C5-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, substituted C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, substituted divalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, substituted C2-C 60 Alkenyl, substituted C2-C 60 Alkyne group, substituted C1-C 60 Alkoxy, substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted C6-C 60 Aryl, substituted C6-C 60 aryloxy groups, substituted C6-C 60 Arylthioyl, substituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl, substituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted C1-C 60 At least one substituent of the heteroaryl thio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic group may be selected from:

[0458] Deuterium (-D), -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl and C1-C 60 Alkoxy;

[0459] Each is selected from at least one of the following C1-C substituted. 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl and C1-C 60Alkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl thiols, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 ) and -P(=O)(Q 11 (Q) 12 );

[0460] C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl thio groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, and monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups;

[0461] Each is replaced by at least one of the following C3-Cs. 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60Heteroaryl thiols, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, and monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl thiols, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 ) and -P(=O)(Q 21 (Q) 22 );as well as

[0462] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),

[0463] Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl thiols, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, C1-C groups substituted with at least one of deuterium, -F, and cyano groups 60 Alkyl group, C6-C group substituted with at least one of deuterium, -F and cyano groups 60 Aryl, biphenyl, and terphenyl.

[0464] As used herein, the term "Ph" refers to phenyl, "Me" refers to methyl, "Et" refers to ethyl, and "tert-Bu" or "Bu" refers to ethyl. t "Refers to tert-butyl, and as used herein, the term "OMe" refers to methyl methacrylate (MMA).

[0465] As used herein, the term "biphenyl" refers to a phenyl group that has been substituted with a phenyl group. In other words, "biphenyl" is a phenyl group with a C6-C bond. 60 Aryl groups are substituted phenyl groups.

[0466] As used herein, the term "terphenyl" refers to a phenyl group substituted with a biphenyl group. In other words, "terphenyl" is a phenyl group with a biphenyl-substituted phenyl group. 60 Aryl-substituted C6-C 60 Aryl groups are substituted phenyl groups.

[0467] Unless otherwise defined, as used herein, * and *' each refer to the binding site with the adjacent atom in the corresponding formula.

[0468] The compounds and luminescent devices according to the embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to synthesis examples and embodiments. The phrase "using B instead of A" used in the description of the synthesis examples means using the same molar equivalent of B instead of A.

[0469] [Example]

[0470] Example 1

[0471] 15Ω / cm 2 An ITO glass substrate (Corning Incorporated) is cut to a size of 50mm × 50mm × 0.7mm, ultrasonicated with isopropanol and pure water for 5 minutes each, and cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet radiation and ozone for 30 minutes to form an anode. The resulting glass substrate is then loaded onto a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0472] HAT-CN and CuI were co-deposited on the ITO anode of a glass substrate at a volume ratio of 97:3 to form a hole injection layer with a thickness of 10 nm. NPB was deposited on the hole injection layer to form a first hole transport layer with a thickness of 240 nm, and TCTA was deposited on the first hole transport layer to form a second hole transport layer with a thickness of 5 nm. KI, CuI, Er, and FD23 were co-deposited on the second hole transport layer at a volume ratio of 90:5:3:2 to form an emitter layer with a thickness of 19 nm.

[0473] 2,4,6-Tris(biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (T2T) was deposited on the emitter layer to form a first electron transport layer with a thickness of 5 nm. 2,4,6-Tris(3-(pyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPM-TAZ) and Liq were co-deposited on the first electron transport layer at a volume ratio of 1:1 to form a second electron transport layer with a thickness of 25 nm. KI and Yb were co-deposited on the second electron transport layer at a volume ratio of 95:5 to 90:10 to form an electron injection layer with a thickness of 1 nm to 2 nm.

[0474] Ag and Mg are co-deposited on the electron injection layer at a volume ratio of 9:1 to form a cathode with a thickness of 14 nm, thereby completing the fabrication of the light-emitting device.

[0475] Comparative Example 1

[0476] The light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that H18 and FD23 were co-deposited in a volume ratio of 97:3 in the formation of the emitting layer.

[0477]

[0478] Evaluation Example 1

[0479] The driving voltage, driving voltage variation, current efficiency, and lifetime (T) of the light-emitting devices manufactured according to Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were measured using a Keithley SMU 236 and a luminance meter PR650. 97 The CIE color coordinates and their results are shown in Table 1. Lifetime (T) 97The driving voltage is the time taken from when the light-emitting device is driven until the brightness (@400nit) decreases to 97% of the initial brightness (100%). The change in driving voltage is the difference between the initial driving voltage and the driving voltage measured 500 hours after driving the light-emitting device.

[0480] [Table 1]

[0481]

[0482] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with Comparative Example 1, the light-emitting device of Example 1 has improved efficiency and lifespan, especially significantly improved efficiency.

[0483] The light-emitting device is highly efficient, and the manufacturing cost of it can be relatively low.

[0484] It should be understood that the embodiments described herein should be considered descriptive only and not for limiting purposes. Descriptions of features or aspects in each embodiment should generally be considered applicable to other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. While embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A light-emitting device, comprising: First electrode; Second electrode; as well as A sandwich layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode, the sandwich layer including an emission layer comprising: The primary material, as the main component, is selected from alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, tellurium, lanthanide metal tellurides, transition metal tellurides, post-transition metal tellurides, lanthanide metal selenides, transition metal selenides, post-transition metal selenides, or any combination thereof. The second material used as the sensitizer is selected from lanthanide metals; and The third material used as a dopant is selected from organic fluorescent dopant compounds, organometallic phosphorescent dopant compounds, organic delayed fluorescent dopant compounds, or any combination thereof.

2. The light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein... The second material is selected from La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu or any combination thereof.

3. The light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first material comprises NaI, KI, RbI, CsI, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, MgI2, CaI2, SrI2, BaI2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, EuI3, YbI3, SmI3, TmI3, EuI2, YbI 2. SmI2, TmI2, EuCl3, YbCl3, SmCl3, TmCl3, EuBr3, YbBr3, SmBr3, TmBr3, AgI, CuI, NiI2, CoI2, BiI3, PbI2, SnI2, Te, EuTe, YbTe, SmTe, TmTe, EuSe, YbSe, SmSe, TmSe, ZnTe, CoTe, ZnSe, CoSe, Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3, or any combination thereof.

4. The light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first material comprises KI, RbI, CsI, CuI, or any combination thereof.

5. The light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second material comprises Yb, Tm, Sm, Eu, Er or any combination thereof.

6. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the volume of the first material is greater than or equal to the volume of the second material.

7. The light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein... The first electrode is the anode. The second electrode is a cathode. The interlayer further includes at least one of the following: A hole transport region located between the first electrode and the emitter layer, the hole transport region comprising a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof; and An electron transport region is located between the emitter layer and the second electrode, the electron transport region comprising a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

8. The light-emitting device as claimed in claim 7, wherein The hole injection layer includes: Fourth material; and Fifth material, The fourth material and the fifth material are different from each other. The fourth material includes lanthanide metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, tellurium, lanthanide metal tellurides, transition metal tellurides, post-transition metal tellurides, lanthanide metal selenides, transition metal selenides, post-transition metal selenides, or any combination thereof, and The fifth material includes hole-transporting organic compounds, post-transition metal halides, alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, or any combination thereof.

9. The light-emitting device as claimed in claim 8, wherein The fifth material includes the hole-transporting organic compound, and The volume ratio of the fourth material to the fifth material is in the range of 1:99 to 20:80, or The fifth material includes the post-transition metal halide, the alkali metal halide, the alkaline earth metal halide, the lanthanide metal halide, or any combination thereof, and The volume ratio of the fourth material to the fifth material is in the range of 0:100 to 50:

50.

10. The light-emitting device of claim 7, wherein the electron injection layer comprises a sixth material, and The sixth material includes alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, or any combination thereof.

11. The light-emitting device of claim 10, wherein the electron injection layer is composed of the sixth material.

12. The light-emitting device as claimed in claim 10, wherein... The electron injection layer further includes a seventh material. The sixth material and the seventh material are different from each other, and The seventh material includes alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, lanthanides, or any combination thereof.

13. The light-emitting device of claim 12, wherein the sixth material is represented by formula X, and the seventh material is represented by formula Y: <Form X> A n B m <Formula Y> C In equations X and Y, Each of A and C independently includes alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, lanthanides, or any combination thereof. B is a halogen. n and m are each independently an integer of 1 or greater, such that the sixth material is neutral, and A and C are different from each other.

14. The light-emitting device as claimed in claim 7, wherein The hole transport layer is in direct contact with the emitter layer. The hole transport layer includes: Eighth material; and Ninth material, The eighth material and the ninth material are different from each other. The eighth material includes hole-transporting organic compounds, and The ninth material includes alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, or any combination thereof.

15. The light-emitting device of claim 7, wherein the electron transport layer is in direct contact with the emitting layer. The electron transport layer includes: The tenth material; and Eleventh material, The tenth material and the eleventh material are different from each other. The tenth material includes an electron transport organic compound, and The eleventh material includes alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, or any combination thereof.

16. A light-emitting device, comprising: First electrode; The second electrode facing the first electrode; A light-emitting unit located between the first electrode and the second electrode; and Each of the charge generating units is located between adjacent light-emitting units in the plurality of light-emitting units, wherein Each of the light-emitting units includes an emitting layer, and At least one of the emission layers includes: The primary material, as the main component, is selected from alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, tellurium, lanthanide metal tellurides, transition metal tellurides, post-transition metal tellurides, lanthanide metal selenides, transition metal selenides, post-transition metal selenides, or any combination thereof. The second material used as the sensitizer is selected from lanthanide metals; and The third material used as a dopant is selected from organic fluorescent dopant compounds, organometallic phosphorescent dopant compounds, organic delayed fluorescent dopant compounds, or any combination thereof.

17. The light-emitting device of claim 16, wherein each of the charge generating units comprises an n-type charge generating layer and a p-type charge generating layer.

18. The light-emitting device as claimed in claim 17, wherein The n-type charge generation layer includes: The twelfth material includes alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, lanthanides, transition metals, post-transition metals, or any combination thereof; and The thirteenth material includes electron transport organic compounds. and The p-type charge generation layer includes: The fourteenth material includes hole-transporting organic compounds, inorganic insulating compounds, or any combination thereof; and The fifteenth material includes inorganic semiconductor compounds.

19. An apparatus comprising: A thin-film transistor includes a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer; as well as The light-emitting device as described in any one of claims 1 to 18, The first electrode of the light-emitting device is electrically connected to one of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin-film transistor.

20. The device of claim 19, further comprising a color filter located in the path through which light emitted from the light-emitting device passes.

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