A debugging-free optical system based on aiming and receiving common aperture and a method of using the same

Abstract

The invention discloses an adjustment-free optical system based on aiming and receiving common aperture and a use method thereof. The optical system comprises an aiming / receiving objective lens, an aiming eyepiece and a prism component. The prism component is arranged between the aiming / receiving objective lens and the aiming eyepiece. The prism component comprises a Schmidt roof prism, a half pentaprism, a beam splitter, an isosceles prism, a transition block, a right-angle prism and a receiving pinhole diaphragm. The beam splitter is connected to the outer reflection surface of the half pentaprism. The isosceles prism and the transition block are adjacently connected to the outer surface of the beam splitter. The outer side of the transition block is connected with a right-angle prism and a receiving pinhole diaphragm. A photoelectric detector is arranged on the outer side of the receiving pinhole diaphragm. The invention adopts an aiming / receiving common optical path design and is adjustment-free, so that light of multiple different wavelengths can achieve the purpose of conjugation, ensures that the white light aiming optical axis coincides with the laser receiving optical axis, and the receiving pinhole diaphragm is always on the focal plane, reduces the difficulty of adjustment, and improves the work efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of laser sighting and ranging, and more particularly to an adjustment-free optical system based on sighting and receiving common aperture. Background Art

[0002] As the requirements for lightweight weapons and equipment become increasingly higher, especially in the field of portable laser sighting and ranging, the requirements for lightweight are more stringent. In most equipment in this field, white light sighting systems, laser emission systems, and laser receiving systems usually adopt a multi-optical path and multi-aperture design, making it difficult to control the size and weight of the whole machine. At the same time, due to the multi-aperture design, the assembly and adjustment of the whole machine is difficult, and the accuracy of the instrument is easily affected by the structural stress caused by environmental changes.

[0003] Before using the laser sighting and ranging equipment, the consistency calibration of the white light sighting optical axis, the laser emission optical axis and the laser receiving optical axis should be carried out. Usually, the white light sighting optical axis is used as the calibration reference, and the laser emission optical axis and the laser receiving optical axis are adjusted to ensure the parallelism of the three optical axes or to intersect at a certain distance. Therefore, in order to make the sighting optical axis and the laser receiving optical axis parallel or intersect at a certain distance, the usual calibration method is to use the sighting optical axis as the reference, use mechanical methods to adjust the parallax of the laser receiving system, adjust the position of the receiving pinhole diaphragm, make the pinhole diaphragm on the focal plane of the laser receiving system, and ensure that the reticle sighting mark and the pinhole diaphragm are clear at the same time.

[0004] In order to achieve the coincidence of the aiming optical axis and the laser receiving optical axis, it is necessary to design an independent adjustment structure for the laser receiving system, radially adjust the position of the receiving pinhole aperture, and ensure that the center of the graticule aiming mark coincides with the center of the receiving pinhole aperture; however, the coincidence of the aiming optical axis and the laser receiving optical axis requires a long period of experimentation, exploration and summary, and puts forward high processing accuracy requirements for optical parts and mechanical parts. At the same time, due to the large number of debugging mechanisms required for correction and the mechanical stress caused by changes in the use environment, the laser sighting and ranging equipment cannot ensure that the laser receiving optical axis always coincides with the white light aiming optical axis or that the receiving pinhole aperture always remains on the focal plane during use. When the receiving pinhole aperture leaves the focal plane, the optical system will produce parallax, which directly affects the ranging accuracy; the deviation of the optical axis may cause the laser rangefinder to fail or provide incorrect target distance information, which ultimately affects the combat efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an adjustment-free optical system based on aiming and receiving common aperture and a use method thereof.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A debugging-free optical system based on aiming and receiving common aperture comprises an aiming / receiving objective lens, an aiming eyepiece and a prism component, wherein the prism component is arranged between the aiming / receiving objective lens and the aiming eyepiece, the prism component comprises a Schmidt roof prism, a half pentaprism, a beam splitter, an isosceles prism, a transition block, a right-angle prism and a receiving pinhole diaphragm, the Schmidt roof prism and the half pentaprism both comprise a transmitting and receiving surface, an internal reflection surface, an external reflection surface and a bottom surface, the beam splitter is connected to the external reflection surface of the half pentaprism, the isosceles prism and the transition block are adjacently connected to the outer surface of the beam splitter, the outer side of the transition block is connected to the right-angle prism and the receiving pinhole diaphragm, and a photoelectric detector is arranged on the outer side of the receiving pinhole diaphragm;

[0008] A laser is arranged on the outer side of the Schmidt roof prism, the Schmidt roof prism and the internal reflection surface of the half pentaprism are arranged opposite to each other, the transmitting and receiving surface of the Schmidt roof prism faces the aiming / receiving objective lens, the transmitting and receiving surface of the half pentaprism is opposite to the aiming eyepiece, and protective glasses and graticules are respectively arranged on the transmitting and receiving surfaces from the inside to the inside.

[0009] Through the above scheme, the natural light reflection information of the target in the present invention is collected through the aiming / receiving objective lens component, and the incident and exiting optical axes of the white light aiming are adjusted by the Schmidt roof prism and the half pentaprism in the prism component to ensure that the incident and exiting optical axes of the white light aiming are coaxial, and the influence of the center deviation between the aiming / receiving objective lens and the grating aiming mark after the light is reflected by the prism group on the aiming accuracy and ranging performance may be eliminated; the parallax value of the receiving pinhole diaphragm and the grating plate aiming mark is designed to meet the use requirements, and the grating aiming mark of the grating plate is coincident with the center of the receiving pinhole diaphragm, and finally the center of the receiving pinhole diaphragm and the center of the grating plate aiming mark are conjugated; the position of the aiming eyepiece component is adjusted to make the focal plane of the eyepiece coincide with the focal plane of the objective lens, so that the grating aiming mark can be clearly observed; the protective mirror can prevent the diffusely reflected laser from damaging the human eye.

[0010] Furthermore, a focusing mirror and a photoelectric detector are arranged on the outer side of the receiving pinhole aperture, and the light passes through the receiving pinhole aperture and enters the photoelectric detector after passing through the focusing mirror.

[0011] Furthermore, the magnification of the aiming eyepiece is 7, the exit pupil diameter is 4.3 mm, and the exit pupil distance is 23 mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the aiming / receiving objective lens is composed of a first objective lens and a second objective lens glued together, and the aiming eyepiece includes a glued eyepiece composed of the first eyepiece and the second eyepiece and a third eyepiece; the first objective lens, the first eyepiece and the third eyepiece are convex lenses.

[0013] Furthermore, the right-angle prism includes a first right-angle prism and a second right-angle prism, the inclined surface of the first right-angle prism corresponds to the inclined surface of the second right-angle prism, and the light enters the receiving aperture stop after being reflected by the right-angle prism.

[0014] A method for using a debugging-free optical system based on aiming and receiving common aperture, comprising:

[0015] S1: The natural light reflection of the target is collected by the aiming / receiving objective lens. Under the action of the Schmidt roof prism and the half pentaprism, the incident light axis is coaxial with the outgoing light axis entering the aiming eyepiece. The target forms an upright real image located at the center of the aiming mark on the reticle. The light passes through the aiming eyepiece composed of a glued eyepiece and a third eyepiece, so that the focal plane of the eyepiece coincides with the focal plane of the objective lens. The human eye can accurately observe the target through the aiming eyepiece.

[0016] S2: The laser emitted by the laser reaches the target after beam expansion, and the laser diffusely reflected by the target enters the aiming / receiving objective lens, is split by the beam splitter, and sequentially enters the isosceles prism, the transition block, the first right-angle prism, the second right-angle prism and the receiving pinhole aperture to reach the photoelectric detector, completing the measurement of the target distance.

[0017] S3: Due to the conjugate effect between the center of the reticle aiming mark and the receiving pinhole aperture, when the target reflects natural light and forms an image at the reticle aiming center, the target reflects laser light and forms an image at the receiving pinhole aperture, thus making the whole machine free of debugging, improving work efficiency and the whole machine's ranging stability

[0018] The prior art generally adopts a multi-optical path and multi-aperture design, which is difficult to control the volume and weight, inconvenient to adjust, and has a great impact on the stability of the whole machine due to the many adjustment links; the present invention has a simple and reliable structure, is easy to assemble, adopts an aiming / receiving common optical path design, and reduces the volume and weight of the optical system without reducing the optical performance. It adopts a debugging-free design to make a variety of different wavelengths of light achieve conjugation, ensure that the white light aiming optical axis coincides with the laser receiving optical axis, and the receiving pinhole aperture is always on the focal plane, which reduces the difficulty of debugging and improves work efficiency; it can significantly reduce the requirements for the accuracy of mechanical structure parts during the assembly process of the whole machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the aiming / receiving objective lens of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the prism component of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the A-direction structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the aiming eyepiece of the present invention.

[0025] 1- aiming / receiving objective lens; 2- prism assembly; 3- aiming eyepiece; 4- laser; 5- photodetector; 11- first objective lens; 12- second objective lens; 21- Schmidt roof prism; 22- half pentaprism; 23- beam splitter; 24- isosceles prism; 25- transition block; 26- receiving pinhole diaphragm; 27- protective lens; 28- graticule; 6- first right angle prism; 7- second right angle prism. 31- cemented eyepiece; 32- third eyepiece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The embodiment of the present invention discloses an adjustment-free optical system based on a common aperture for aiming and receiving, comprising an aiming / receiving objective lens 1, an aiming eyepiece 3 and a prism component 2, wherein the prism component 2 is arranged between the aiming / receiving objective lens 1 and the aiming eyepiece 3, the prism component 2 comprises a Schmidt roof prism 21, a half pentaprism 22, a beam splitter 23, an isosceles prism 24, a transition block 25, a right-angle prism and a receiving pinhole aperture diaphragm 26, the Schmidt roof prism 21 and the half pentaprism 22 both comprise a transmitting and receiving surface, an internal reflection surface, an external reflection surface and a bottom surface, the beam splitter 23 is connected to the external reflection surface of the half pentaprism 22, the isosceles prism 24 and the transition block 25 are made of K9 and are adjacent to the outer surface of the beam splitter 23. The outer side of the transition block 25 is connected with a right-angle prism and a receiving aperture diaphragm 26, and a photoelectric detector is arranged on the outer side of the receiving aperture diaphragm 26; the incident angle of the light entering the isosceles prism determines that it can directly enter the right-angle prism after being folded by the isosceles prism, and the transition block is used to make the light reflect through the isosceles prism to ensure that the light reaches the accurate position of the reflecting surface of the right-angle prism, and a laser 4 is arranged on the outer side of the Schmidt roof prism 21, and the internal reflection surfaces of the Schmidt roof prism 21 and the semi-penta prism 22 are arranged opposite to each other, and the transmitting and receiving surface of the Schmidt roof prism 21 is opposite to the aiming / receiving objective lens 1, and the transmitting and receiving surface of the semi-penta prism 22 is opposite to the aiming eyepiece 3, and protective mirrors 27 and graticules 28 are arranged on the transmitting and receiving surfaces from the inside to the outside.

[0028] Advantageously, a focusing mirror is also provided on the outer side of the receiving pinhole aperture 26 , and the light passes through the receiving pinhole aperture 26 and enters the photodetector 5 after passing through the focusing mirror.

[0029] As shown in Table 1-2, the optical system parameters are as follows. In this example, the field of view of the aiming / receiving objective lens 1 is 6°, the magnification of the aiming eyepiece 3 is 7, the exit pupil diameter is 4.3mm, the exit pupil distance is 23mm, the diopter adjustment range is -5D to 2D, and the minimum resolution is 10".

[0030] Table 1

[0031] Serial number name White light 1 magnification <![CDATA[7 × ]]> 2 Field of view 6° 3 Exit pupil diameter 4.3 4 Exit pupil distance 23 5 Vision adjustment range -5D∽2D 6 Center Parallax 1′ 7 Tilt 40′ 8 Limiting resolution 10″

[0032] Table 2

[0033]

[0034] Among them, the white light objective lens refers to the aiming / receiving objective lens 1. 425~675 refers to the visible light transmission wavelength; 1572 refers to the laser transmission wavelength, which refers to dual-band anti-reflection, which can transmit both visible light and laser.

[0035] Specifically, the aiming / receiving objective lens 1 is composed of a first objective lens 11 and a second objective lens 12 glued together, and the aiming eyepiece 3 includes a glued eyepiece 31 and a third eyepiece 32 composed of a first eyepiece and a second eyepiece; the first objective lens 11, the first eyepiece and the third eyepiece are convex lenses; the second objective lens 12 and the second eyepiece are concave mirrors, and the right-angle prism includes a first right-angle prism 6 and a second right-angle prism 7, and the inclined surface of the first right-angle prism 6 corresponds to the inclined surface of the second right-angle prism 7. The two right-angle prisms can realize the refraction of light, avoiding the reduction of system reliability due to the small side gluing surface of a single prism, and the light enters the receiving pinhole aperture through the reflection of the right-angle prism.

[0036] Table 3

[0037]

[0038] A method for using a debugging-free optical system based on aiming and receiving common aperture, comprising:

[0039] S1: The natural light reflection of the target is collected by the aiming / receiving objective lens 1. Under the action of the Schmidt roof prism 21 and the half pentaprism 22, the incident light axis is coaxial with the outgoing light axis entering the aiming eyepiece 3. The target forms a positive real image located at the center of the aiming mark on the reticle 28. The light passes through the aiming eyepiece 3 composed of the glued eyepiece 31 and the third eyepiece 32, so that the focal plane of the eyepiece coincides with the focal plane of the objective lens. The human eye can accurately observe the target through the aiming eyepiece 3.

[0040] S2: The laser emitted by the laser 4 reaches the target after beam expansion. The laser diffusely reflected by the target enters the aiming / receiving objective lens 1, is split by the beam splitter 23, and successively enters the isosceles prism 24, the transition block 25, the first right-angle prism 6, the second right-angle prism 7 and the receiving pinhole aperture 26 to reach the photodetector 5, completing the measurement of the target distance.

[0041] S3: Due to the conjugate effect between the aiming mark center of the reticle 28 and the receiving pinhole aperture 26, when the target reflects natural light to form an image at the aiming center of the reticle 28, the target reflects laser light to form an image at the receiving pinhole aperture 26, thereby making the whole machine free of debugging and improving work efficiency and the ranging stability of the whole machine.

[0042] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0043] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An adjustment-free optical system based on aiming and receiving common aperture, characterized in that: The invention comprises a sighting / receiving objective lens (1), a sighting eyepiece (3) and a prism component (2), wherein the prism component (2) is arranged between the sighting / receiving objective lens (1) and the sighting eyepiece (3), wherein the prism component (2) comprises a Schmidt roof prism (21), a half pentaprism (22), a beam splitter (23), an isosceles prism (24), a transition block (25), a right-angle prism and a receiving pinhole aperture (26), wherein the Schmidt roof prism (21) and the half pentaprism (22) both comprise a transmitting and receiving surface, an internal reflection surface, an external reflection surface and a bottom surface, wherein the beam splitter (23) is connected to the external reflection surface of the half pentaprism (22), and the isosceles prism (24) and the transition block (25) are adjacently connected to the beam splitter. The outer surface of the optical mirror (23), the isosceles prism (24) and the transition block (25) are made of K9; the outer side of the transition block (25) is connected to the right-angle prism and the receiving pinhole aperture (26), the right-angle prism comprises a first right-angle prism (6) and a second right-angle prism (7), the inclined surface of the first right-angle prism (6) corresponds to the inclined surface of the second right-angle prism (7), and the light enters the receiving pinhole aperture (26) through reflection from the right-angle prism; a photoelectric detector (5) is arranged on the outer side of the receiving pinhole aperture (26); a focusing lens is also arranged on the outer side of the receiving pinhole aperture (26), and the light passes through the receiving pinhole aperture (26) and enters the photoelectric detector (5) after passing through the focusing lens; A laser (4) is arranged outside the Schmidt roof prism (21) and corresponding to the outer peripheral side of the aiming / receiving objective lens (1) and the aiming eyepiece (3). The laser light emitted by the laser (4) reaches the target after beam expansion, and the laser light diffusely reflected by the target enters the aiming / receiving objective lens (1). The internal reflection surfaces of the Schmidt roof prism (21) and the semi-pentaprism (22) are arranged opposite to and in close contact with each other, and the transmitting and receiving surface of the Schmidt roof prism (21) faces the aiming / receiving objective lens (1). The objective lens (1), the transmitting and receiving surface of the semi-penta prism (22) is opposite to the aiming eyepiece (3), and a protective mirror (27) and a graticule (28) are respectively arranged on the transmitting and receiving surface from the inside to prevent the diffusely reflected laser from damaging the human eye; the right-angle prism, the transition block (25) and the receiving aperture diaphragm (26) are all located on the side of the beam splitter (23) away from the semi-penta prism (22), and correspond to the outer peripheral side of the aiming / receiving objective lens (1) and the aiming eyepiece (3); The coating range of the aiming / receiving objective lens (1) is 425-675nm visible light transmission wavelength and 1572nm laser transmission wavelength, and the dual-band anti-reflection can transmit both visible light and laser; the coating range of the white light eyepiece is 425-675nm.

2. The adjustment-free optical system based on aiming and receiving common aperture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnification of the aiming eyepiece (3) is 7, the exit pupil diameter is 4.3 mm, and the exit pupil distance is 23 mm.

3. The adjustment-free optical system based on aiming and receiving common aperture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aiming / receiving objective lens (1) is composed of a first objective lens (11) and a second objective lens (12) glued together, and the aiming eyepiece (3) comprises a glued eyepiece (31) composed of the first eyepiece and the second eyepiece, and a third eyepiece (32); the first objective lens (11), the first eyepiece and the third eyepiece are convex lenses.

4. A method for using the adjustment-free optical system based on aiming and receiving common aperture according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: include: S1: The natural light reflection of the target is collected by the aiming / receiving objective lens (1). Under the action of the Schmidt roof prism (21) and the half pentaprism (22), the incident light axis is coaxial with the outgoing light axis entering the aiming eyepiece (3). The target forms a positive real image located at the center of the aiming mark of the reticle (28). The light passes through the aiming eyepiece (3) composed of the glued eyepiece (31) and the third eyepiece (32), so that the focal plane of the eyepiece coincides with the focal plane of the objective lens. The human eye can accurately observe the target through the aiming eyepiece (3); S2: The laser light emitted by the laser (4) reaches the target after beam expansion, and the laser light diffusely reflected by the target enters the aiming / receiving objective lens (1), is split by the beam splitter (23), and sequentially enters the isosceles prism (24), the transition block (25), the first right-angle prism (6), the second right-angle prism (7) and the receiving pinhole aperture (26), and reaches the photodetector (5) after passing through the focusing lens, thereby completing the measurement of the target distance; wherein, the incident angle of the light entering the isosceles prism determines that it can directly enter the right-angle prism after being folded by the isosceles prism, and the transition block is used to ensure that the light reaches the accurate position of the reflecting surface of the right-angle prism after being reflected by the isosceles prism; S3: Due to the conjugate effect between the aiming mark center of the reticle (28) and the receiving pinhole aperture (26), when the target reflects natural light to form an image on the aiming center of the reticle (28), the target reflects laser light to form an image on the receiving pinhole aperture (26), thereby making the whole machine free of debugging, improving the working efficiency and the ranging stability of the whole machine.

Images