Door operator for opening and / or closing a door

Abstract

The invention relates to a door operator (1) for opening and / or closing a door, comprising a fluid housing (3) having an inner chamber (8) which is filled with a fluid, in particular hydraulic oil, a fluid housing opening (20) in the fluid housing (3) for discharging the fluid in the event of thermal overload, a valve (21) which closes the fluid housing opening (20) and which is heat-activatable for opening, and a collection device (30) which is arranged outside the fluid housing (3) opposite the fluid housing opening (20), which forms a collection chamber (36) for the fluid which is open towards the fluid housing opening (20) and which has at least one discharge opening (40) for discharging the fluid from the collection chamber (36).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a door operator for opening and / or closing a door. The door operator is, for example, a door closer or a door actuator. Background Technology

[0002] Various door operators are known from the prior art, some of which are configured as door closers. In a door closer, manually opening the door will preload an accumulator, for example, by spring tension. Closing the door will reduce stress on the accumulator. However, door actuators that open and / or close doors electrically or hydraulically are also called "door operators." In many door operators, fluid, particularly hydraulic oil, is used to transmit force, which can either perform the opening or closing motion or attenuate the motion. The fluid can be a safety hazard, for example, in a fire, because it can be flammable, at least at very high temperatures. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a door operator that enables comfortable and low-maintenance operation of the door while being as safe as possible in the event of a fire.

[0004] The objective is achieved by a door operator according to the invention. Advantageous design features of the invention are described below.

[0005] The door operator according to the invention incorporates a temperature-safe design. This ensures that, in the event of a building fire, the door operator, installed on the fire-averse side of the door, will not contribute to the acceleration of the fire due to the discharged fluid, even when heated to a correspondingly high temperature. The fluid in the door operator should be discharged in a controlled manner from the interior of the fluid housing of the door operator at a correspondingly high temperature, particularly around 115°C, so as to reach other components that may fail at such temperatures beforehand. Through controlled discharge and clever guidance, the fluid can be directed away from the heated mounting surface, i.e., especially from the door leaf, so that it drips onto the ground as far away from the heated mounting surface as possible.

[0006] A door operator is configured to open and / or close a door. This can be, in particular, a door actuator or a door drive. The door operator has a fluid housing with an inner cavity. The inner cavity is at least partially filled with fluid, particularly hydraulic oil. Force is transmitted within the fluid housing by means of the fluid, thereby thus performing the opening and / or closing movements of the door and / or damping the movement of the door.

[0007] The "fluid shell," especially the metal shell, is preferably manufactured by casting.

[0008] The fluid housing may contain multiple chambers for fluid movement and multiple pistons that are propelled by the fluid. Furthermore, fluid channels may be formed within the fluid housing, connecting the different chambers to each other. Corresponding valves may be present within these fluid channels.

[0009] On both ends, the fluid housing is preferably sealed by screw plugs.

[0010] Particularly preferably, the door actuator has a driven shaft. The driven shaft is rotatably supported in the fluid housing about the driven axis.

[0011] An interface, such as a quadrilateral, is present on at least one side of the driven shaft for connecting the rod. Force is transmitted between the door operator and the door panel (Türblatt) via the rod, or between the door operator and the frame when the door operator is fixed to the door panel.

[0012] A particularly preferred embodiment is that the driven shaft extends from the fluid housing on two opposing sides and also has interfaces on each side. Depending on the installation orientation, one of the two interfaces can be used and connected to the rod accordingly. The other interface remains unused. What is possible here with respect to the invention is that, due to the two opposing interfaces on the driven shaft, the door operator does not have defined upper and lower sides, but can optionally be mounted upwards on one or the other side.

[0013] It is also preferred that the door actuator has a linearly movable closing piston and a linearly movable damping piston within the fluid housing. A driven shaft exists between these two pistons. Both pistons move perpendicular to the driven shaft within the fluid housing. For force transmission between the linear movement of the pistons and the rotational movement of the driven shaft, a cam is preferably disposed on the driven shaft, with corresponding rollers of the pistons rolling on the cam. Alternatively, for example, a gear on the driven shaft may be used, wherein the gear engages with a rack connected to the closing piston.

[0014] The damping piston points one side toward the driven shaft. A fluid cavity exists on the opposite side, which is also sealed at the end of the fluid housing with a screw plug. The closing piston also faces one side toward the driven shaft. A closing spring preferably acts on the other side of the closing piston. The closing spring is supported by the closing piston and the other end of the fluid housing. This other end of the fluid housing is also preferably sealed with a screw plug.

[0015] A fluid housing opening is provided in the fluid housing. This fluid housing opening is located, particularly on the end side, within the fluid housing. Specifically, the fluid housing opening extends horizontally in the common insertion position of the door actuator, such that fluid is ejected horizontally as it exits through the fluid housing opening. The fluid housing opening is particularly preferably located in a screw plug situated on the side of the damping piston of the door actuator.

[0016] The fluid housing opening is configured to drain fluid, particularly hydraulic oil, in the event of thermal overload. For this purpose, a valve is present in the fluid housing opening, which closes the opening during normal operation. The valve is thermally actuated to open. As described in more detail, a triggering element is present in the valve, which is damaged and / or deformed and / or melted under the corresponding thermal load. This allows the valve to open at a defined temperature. It should be noted that this relates particularly to valves that can no longer be closed without replacing components.

[0017] Therefore, under the corresponding thermal load, the thermally activated valve opens and fluid is ejected laterally from the fluid housing of the door operator. Typically, the fluid housing of the door operator is surrounded by an outer casing. For example, an end cap of the outer casing is located laterally at the fluid housing. Without other protective measures, the fluid is ejected toward the end cap of the outer casing and flows or drips downwards completely uncontrolled. Here, at least a portion of the fluid can flow on the mounting side of the door operator. The mounting side is the lower side of the door operator that rests against a mounting plate or, when not using a mounting plate, directly against the door panel or door frame. However, the flow of fluid on the mounting side heats the fluid on the hot door and may ignite it. To avoid this, a collection device is provided outside the fluid housing, opposite the opening of the fluid housing.

[0018] The collection device forms a collection chamber open towards the fluid housing and has at least one outlet opening. The collected fluid can be directed from the collection chamber and discharged at a specific location via the outlet opening. The fluid thus drips or flows out from the outlet opening and can be directed specifically away from the installation side, particularly towards the opposite side. This ensures that the fluid does not flow away from the door panel but drips directly onto the floor, which is significantly cooler than the door panel in a fire. It is always important to note that this assumes the door operator is located on the side of the door facing away from the fire.

[0019] The door operator can be directly fixed to the door panel or frame using its mounting side. Preferably, the door operator, however, includes a mounting plate. Here, the mounting plate is fixed to the door panel or frame. The door operator is then mounted on the mounting plate. The collection device is preferably a separate component that can be installed at the fluid housing and / or the mounting plate and can also be removed without damage. A variation is also possible where some components of the collection device can be fixed to the mounting plate and other components of the collection device can be fixed to the fluid housing.

[0020] Preferably, the entire collection device is installable and removable. Alternatively, it is also preferred that at least one component of the collection device is securely connected to or integrally formed with the fluid housing or mounting plate.

[0021] Preferably, the collection device includes a splash wall. The splash wall is positioned opposite the fluid housing opening and is configured to collect the discharged fluid within the collection device. In particular, the splash wall forms one side of the collection chamber.

[0022] At the lower end of the splash wall, the collecting device preferably includes an inclined outlet surface. Fluid appearing on the splash wall flows downward along the splash wall and encounters the inclined outlet surface. The inclined outlet surface guides the fluid toward the relevant fluid housing opening with its inclination.

[0023] As already mentioned, it is preferably proposed that, depending on the installation orientation of the door operator, two different sides of the door operator can form an upper side. Accordingly, it is preferably proposed that the collection device includes two opposing, inclined outlet surfaces for fluid. Depending on the installation orientation of the door operator, one of the outlet surfaces is positioned at the lower end of the splash wall and the other outlet surface is unused and positioned at the upper end of the splash wall.

[0024] To direct the fluid as specifically as possible to the fluid housing opening, the collecting device preferably includes at least one inclined additional outlet surface for the fluid. The additional outlet surface is configured such that fluid flows from the splash wall through the inclined outlet surface onto the additional outlet surface. On the additional outlet surface, the fluid flows toward the outlet opening.

[0025] A particularly preferred embodiment is that the collection device includes two opposing, inclined additional outlet surfaces, wherein, depending on the installation orientation of the door operator, one of the additional outlet surfaces is lower than the outlet surface located below it, and the other additional outlet surface is unused and located above it.

[0026] At least one outlet opening is preferably located on the side of the collecting device opposite to the mounting side of the door operator. In particular, it is proposed that at least one outlet opening is directly directed into or opened directly into the environment, such that fluid discharged from the outlet opening drips downwards unguided. This results in a pleasing visual appearance, as the door operator has only a relatively small outlet opening, which is more or less invisible. Preferably, there are no other components outside the outlet opening for guiding the fluid.

[0027] Furthermore, it is preferred that the collection device includes at least two opposing outlet openings for fluid, wherein, depending on the installation orientation of the door operator, one outlet opening is located at the lower edge of the collection device and the other outlet opening is unusedly located at the upper edge of the collection device.

[0028] It is also preferred that the collecting device includes a plate member. The plate member forms a splash guard. Preferably, the plate member is disposed at the mounting plate of the fluid housing or door operator. The plate member can be fixed, for example, screwed onto the fluid housing or mounting plate. However, it is also possible that the plate member is an integral part of the fluid housing or mounting plate.

[0029] It is also preferred that the collection device includes a collection housing member. The collection housing member has at least one outlet opening. When using multiple outlet openings, it is preferred that all outlet openings are formed at the collection housing member. The collection housing member is preferably mountable at a plate member. It is particularly preferred that the collection housing member can be inserted into a plate member and / or a screw plug.

[0030] It can also be proposed that the housing component and the plate component be constructed as a single piece, wherein the housing component is preferably installable, especially by inserting into the screw plug.

[0031] The door operator preferably includes an outer casing that covers the fluid housing of the door operator. In particular, at least one area of ​​the collection device is formed by an end cap on the end side of the outer casing. Particularly preferably, the collection housing component of the collection device is formed by the end cap of the outer casing.

[0032] The outer casing preferably includes a main outer casing that covers the fluid housing along its entire length. The main outer casing may, for example, have a U-shaped cross-section. Two end caps are provided on both sides of the main outer casing. The end caps are preferably made of plastic, using a material that withstands the temperature generated by the fluid therein. Particularly preferably, the collecting housing member configured as the end cap has an inner wall and opposing outer walls. The outer and inner walls are parallel to each other and connected on at least three sides by side walls of the collecting housing member. The outer wall and the three side walls form the visible area of ​​the end cap. Preferably, the collecting housing member is open toward the mounting side, allowing it to be inserted into a plate member and / or a screw plug. Here, the plate member extends in the area between the inner and outer walls of the collecting housing member. The inner wall of the collecting housing member is preferably open, allowing fluid to be injected through it.

[0033] The splash guard is preferably formed of a plate member. Alternatively, however, the splash guard may also be formed on the inner side of the outer wall of the collection shell member.

[0034] The inclined exit surface or two opposing inclined exit surfaces mentioned above are preferably part of the plate member. At least one optional additional exit surface is preferably formed in the collection shell member.

[0035] A valve that closes the fluid housing opening preferably comprises a valve body and a valve screw plug. The valve body is seated in a corresponding valve seat within the fluid housing opening. Under a relatively high fluid pressure, the fluid pushes the valve body outward, causing it to release from its valve seat. The valve screw plug is screwed into the fluid housing opening. An actuating element exists between the valve screw plug and the valve body. The actuating element is preferably clamped between the valve screw plug and the valve body, such that it holds the valve body in its valve seat.

[0036] To open the valve, the triggering element can be destroyed and / or deformed and / or melted by heat. For example, the triggering element is a thermoplastic glass ampoule, as known from sprinkler systems. The thermoplastic glass ampoule is filled with a medium that, at a sufficiently high temperature, causes the ampoule to rupture. Thus, the triggering element, configured as a thermoplastic glass ampoule, is destroyed, and the valve body is no longer supported relative to the valve screw plug. Under the sufficiently high pressure of the fluid, the valve body opens the fluid housing opening.

[0037] It is also suggested that the triggering element is made of plastic, for example, which melts or deforms at a desired temperature. Other alternatives to the triggering element include components made of solder alloys.

[0038] The valve screw plug is preferably fluid-permeable. In particular, the valve screw plug has at least one orifice, such that when the valve is open, the valve screw plug remains in position while fluid can flow through it. Alternatively, a channel may be provided that guides fluid past the valve screw plug. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to embodiments. Herein are shown:

[0040] Figure 1 A door operator according to an embodiment of the invention is shown;

[0041] Figure 2 The main components inside the door operator according to the invention, according to an embodiment, are shown;

[0042] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view is shown in the region of the screw plug of the door operator according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0043] Figure 4 A collection device according to an embodiment of the door operator is shown;

[0044] Figure 5 Show Figure 4 First sectional view of the collection device in the middle; and

[0045] Figure 6 Show Figure 4 The second sectional view of the collection device. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The door operator 1, which is configured as a door closer, is described in detail below. Unless otherwise stated, all accompanying drawings are always referred to.

[0047] The door operator 1 has a fluid housing 3. The fluid housing 3 is a cast metal component. The fluid housing 3 can be fixed to the door panel or door frame via the mounting plate 4 of the door operator 1. The fixing side is also referred to as the mounting side 2.

[0048] Furthermore, the door operator 1 includes an outer cover 5. The outer cover 5 includes a main outer cover 6 that covers the fluid housing 3 on three sides. On the end sides, the outer cover 5 includes two end caps 7 for covering the two end sides of the fluid housing 3.

[0049] Especially Figure 1 and 2 As shown in the combined view, the door operator 1 includes a driven shaft 10, which is rotatably supported within the fluid housing 3. Rotational movement occurs here about a driven axis 16. In normal use of the door operator 1, the driven axis 16 is vertically upright.

[0050] In the example shown, the driven shaft 10 has interfaces on both sides, the interfaces being configured as quadrilaterals. The door operator 1 can be mounted along two mounting orientations, such that one interface or the other interface 11 can optionally be oriented upwards.

[0051] The fluid housing 3 forms the inner cavity 8 (see Figure 3 The inner cavity can be divided into various fluid chambers. At each of the two end sides, the fluid housing 3 includes screw plugs 9, which seal the inner cavity 8. Fluid, particularly hydraulic oil, is present in the inner cavity 8.

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, a closing piston 12 and a closing spring 13 are present in the inner cavity 8. The closing piston 12 is supported on the cam 14 of the driven shaft 10 by means of a corresponding roller. The closing spring 13 is placed on the opposite side of the closing piston 12. By manually opening the door, the driven shaft 10 is placed in rotation. As a result, the cam 14 rotates and the closing piston 12 moves to the right (according to...). Figure 2 (See diagram) Movement. This tensions the closing spring 13. When the door is closed, the closing spring 13 is released, and the closing piston 12 moves to the left, thereby placing the driven shaft 10 back into rotation. To dampen the closing movement, a damping piston 15 is provided in the inner cavity 8, which also contacts the cam 14 via a corresponding roller. The end side facing the damping piston 15 is connected via... Figure 2 and 3 The screw plug 9 shown is closed. A fluid housing opening 20 is formed in the screw plug 9. A valve 21, which is thermally activated, is present in the fluid housing opening 20.

[0053] Figure 3 As shown in detail, valve 21 has a valve body 22, which is hermetically disposed in a fluid housing opening 20. On the outer side, a valve screw plug 24 is screwed into the fluid housing opening 20. Between the valve body 22 and the valve screw plug 24 is an actuating element 23, which, in its intact state, holds the valve body 22 in a valve seat.

[0054] In the illustrated embodiment, the trigger element 23 is configured as a heated glass ampoule. The heated glass ampoule is destroyed under corresponding thermal action. This allows the valve body 22 to be released from its seat by a correspondingly high internal pressure within the cavity 8.

[0055] The valve screw plug 24 has multiple holes 25 through which fluid can be ejected outward.

[0056] Outside the fluid housing 3, a collection device 30 is located on the end side having the fluid housing opening 20. In this embodiment, the collection device 30 is formed by a plate member 31 and a collection housing member 32. The collection housing member 32 is also one of the two end caps 7 of the outer cover 5.

[0057] exist Figure 3 The housing component 32 is almost completely hidden. Only the wedge-shaped insert forming the additional lead-out surface 39 is shown here. Figure 4 The complete collection device 30 is shown. Figure 5 and 6 Two cross-sectional views are shown throughout the collection device 30.

[0058] The collection housing member 32 has an outer wall 33 and an opposing inner wall 34. The outer wall 33 and the inner wall 34 are spaced apart from each other and connected on three sides via side walls 35. The externally visible components of the end cap 7 form the outer wall 33 and the three side walls 35. The collection housing member 32 is open toward the mounting side 2, allowing it to be pushed onto the plate member 31. The inner wall 34 is open, allowing fluid to be injected into the collection device 30.

[0059] In the illustrated embodiment, plate member 31 can be fixed, in particular screwed onto mounting plate 4.

[0060] A collecting device 30 forms a collecting chamber 36 in which fluid discharged from the fluid housing opening 20 is collected. The collecting chamber 36 is defined by a splash wall 37. The splash wall 37 is a vertical wall formed by a plate member 31. Inclined outlet surfaces 38 are provided on both sides of the splash wall 37, at the upper and lower ends, respectively. The inclined outlet surfaces 38 are formed by the plate member 31. Depending on the installation orientation of the door operator, one of the two inclined outlet surfaces 38 is located on the upper side and is therefore unused. Fluid flows downwards at the splash wall 37 onto the inclined outlet surface 38 located below the splash wall 37.

[0061] In this embodiment, an additional outlet surface 39 is provided, which is formed by a corresponding wedge-shaped portion disposed in the collection housing member 32. Fluid flows through the inclined outlet surface 38 onto the additional outlet surface 39 and from there to the outlet opening 40.

[0062] The outlet opening 40 is located on the side of the collection device 30 opposite to the mounting side 2, regardless of other design options of the embodiment.

[0063] It is also preferable, as supplemented to the illustrated diagram, that the collecting device 30, particularly the collecting housing member 32, has two opposing outlet openings 40, wherein the upper outlet opening 40 remains unused. Similarly, additional outlet surfaces 39 can also be provided on both sides.

[0064] List of reference numerals

[0065] 1 Door Operator

[0066] 2 Installation side

[0067] 3. Fluid Shell

[0068] 4 Mounting Plate

[0069] 5. Outer Cover

[0070] 6 Main outer cover

[0071] 7 End Caps

[0072] 8. Inner cavity

[0073] 9. Screw plug

[0074] 10 driven shafts

[0075] 11 interfaces

[0076] 12. Close the piston.

[0077] 13 Closing Spring

[0078] 14 Cams

[0079] 15 damping piston

[0080] 16 driven axes

[0081] 20 Fluid housing opening

[0082] 21 valves

[0083] 22 Valve Body

[0084] 23 trigger elements

[0085] 24 valve screw plug

[0086] 25 holes

[0087] 30 collection devices

[0088] 31 plate components

[0089] 32 Collection shell components

[0090] 33 outer wall

[0091] 34 Inner Wall

[0092] 35 sidewalls

[0093] 36 collection chambers

[0094] 37 Splashwall

[0095] 38 Inclined Leading Surface

[0096] 39 Additional Export Surfaces

[0097] 40 outlet opening

Claims

1. A door operator (1) for opening and / or closing a door, comprising: - A fluid housing (3) having an inner cavity (8) filled with fluid; - A fluid housing opening (20) in the fluid housing (3) is used to discharge the fluid in case of thermal overload; - A valve (21) that closes the fluid housing opening (20), the valve being thermally activated to open; - and a collection device (30) disposed outside the fluid housing (3) and opposite the fluid housing opening (20), the collection device forming a collection cavity (36) for the fluid that opens toward the fluid housing opening (20) and having at least one outlet opening (40) for discharging the fluid from the collection cavity (36).

2. The door operator according to claim 1, wherein the collection device (30) includes a splash guard (37) opposite to the fluid housing opening (20) and configured to collect the outgoing fluid in the collection chamber (36).

3. The door operator according to claim 2, wherein the collecting device (30) includes a discharge surface (38) at the lower end of the splash guard (37) that is inclined to the discharge opening (40) for the fluid.

4. The door operator according to claim 3, wherein the collection device (30) includes two opposing, inclined outlet surfaces (38) for the fluid, wherein, depending on the installation orientation of the door operator (1), one of the outlet surfaces (38) is positioned at the lower end of the splash guard (37) and the other outlet surface (38) is positioned unused at the upper end of the splash guard (37).

5. The door operator according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the collection device (30) includes at least one inclined additional outlet surface (39) for the fluid, wherein the additional outlet surface (39) is configured such that the fluid flows from the splash wall (37) via the inclined outlet surface (38) onto the additional outlet surface (39) and from the additional outlet surface (39) to the outlet opening (40).

6. The door operator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one outlet opening (40) is provided on the side of the collection device (30) opposite to the mounting side (2) of the door operator (1).

7. The door operator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one outlet opening (40) opens directly into the environment.

8. The door operator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the collection device (30) includes at least two opposing outlet openings (40) for the fluid, wherein, depending on the installation orientation of the door operator (1), one of the two outlet openings (40) is located at the lower edge of the collection device (30) and the other outlet opening (40) is located unused at the upper edge of the collection device (30).

9. The door operator according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the collecting device (30) comprises a plate member (31), wherein the plate member (31) forms the splash guard (37) and is disposed at the fluid housing (3) or mounting plate (4).

10. The door operator according to claim 9, wherein the collection device (30) includes a collection housing member (32), wherein the collection housing member (32) has the at least one outlet opening (40), wherein both ends of the fluid housing are closed with screw plugs.

11. The door operator according to claim 10, comprising an outer cover (5) covering the fluid housing (3) of the door operator (1), wherein at least one area of ​​the collection device (30) is formed by an end cap (7) on the end side of the outer cover (5).

12. The door operator according to claim 10, wherein the collecting housing member (32) and the plate member (31) are integrally formed.

13. The door operator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the valve (21) includes a trigger element (23) which is capable of being destroyed and / or deformed and / or melted by thermal action in order to open the valve (21).

14. The door actuator according to claim 13, wherein the valve (21) comprises a valve body (22) in the fluid housing opening (20) and a valve screw plug (24) screwed into the fluid housing opening (20), wherein the trigger element (23) is clamped between the valve body (22) and the valve screw plug (24).

15. The door operator of claim 14, wherein the valve screw plug (24) is fluid-permeable.

16. The door actuator of claim 1, wherein the fluid is hydraulic oil.

17. The door operator according to claim 10, wherein the collection housing member (32) is capable of being mounted on the plate member (31) and / or the screw plug (9).

18. The door operator according to claim 17, wherein the collection housing member (32) is capable of being inserted into the plate member (31) and / or the screw plug (9).

19. The door operator according to claim 11, wherein the collecting housing member (32) is formed by an end cap (7) on the end side of the outer cover (5).

20. The door operator according to claim 12, wherein the collection housing member (32) is capable of being mounted on the screw plug (9).

21. The door operator according to claim 20, wherein the collection housing member (32) is capable of being inserted into the screw plug (9).

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