An adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for tunnel steel frame and its use method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for a tunnel steel frame and a method for using the system. The system comprises a first steel frame connecting plate and a second steel frame connecting plate arranged in parallel and at intervals, a flange plate, a polyurethane elastomer and a positioning bolt arranged between the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate; one end of the flange plate is welded to the second steel frame connecting plate, and the other end is fixed to the first steel frame connecting plate; the polyurethane elastomer is installed between the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate, and a sensor is installed on the end of the polyurethane elastomer close to the first steel frame connecting plate; the present invention uses the polyurethane elastomer as a pressure-bearing energy absorption component, and the expansion and contraction range is controllable, the overall adaptability and safety are good, the cost is low and the weight is light; it can solve the problems of the existing steel frame expansion and contraction limitations, the uncontrollable expansion and contraction range, the uncontrollable ultimate bearing capacity of the steel frame and the inability to effectively protect the steel frame.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction engineering, and more specifically, relates to an adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for a tunnel steel frame and a method of using the system. Background Art

[0002] With the continued rapid development of railway construction in my country, railway lines cover a wide range of geographical areas. New railways passing through mountainous areas often use various tunnels to traverse these ridges. Large tunnel deformation is a particularly challenging technical challenge encountered during tunnel construction. The consequences of large deformation not only pose safety risks during tunnel construction but also pose a significant safety hazard to subsequent operations.

[0003] Currently, the main technical measures for large tunnel deformation include provisioning for deformation, strengthening primary or temporary support, and constructing secondary linings to control surrounding rock deformation and improve its self-bearing capacity. Steel frames are the most effective means of supporting surrounding rock and are widely used in large-deformation tunnels. However, currently used steel frame joints primarily rely on rigid connections. After large deformation occurs, they can twist and even shear as the deformation continues to increase, significantly reducing the bearing capacity of the primary support. This prevents effective suppression of surrounding rock deformation and often leads to further deterioration. To ensure tunnel structural safety and meet construction limits, the primary support must be dismantled and rebuilt, resulting in significant safety risks and extremely high construction costs. Furthermore, in actual construction, steel frame joints, in conjunction with the sinking of the steel frame support, must absorb energy within a large compression stroke of 3 to 5 tons. However, due to installation space constraints, the overall dimensions of the steel frame joints are limited, and they must also ensure safety, stability, and durability.

[0004] Although existing designs have developed retractable steel frames, their retractability is limited, making it impossible to effectively control the range of retractability and the ultimate load-bearing capacity of the steel frame, thereby failing to effectively protect the steel frame. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a retractable, controllable range of retractability, a large safety margin for the ultimate load-bearing capacity, and a stable and durable adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption device for tunnel steel frames to effectively protect the steel frame and the tunnel's internal support structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides an adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for tunnel steel frames, which uses polyurethane elastomers as the first-level load-bearing energy absorption unit to adapt to the sinking working conditions of the tunnel steel frames, and uses flange plates and first steel frame connecting plates as second-level load-bearing units, so that the steel frames can be in a preset stable state with stable contact, uniform force, large safety margin of ultimate bearing capacity and stable durability; a sensor is provided on the polyurethane elastomer to make its expansion and contraction range controllable, and the overall adaptability and safety are good; the present invention connects the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate to the steel frame respectively by bolts, and positions and locks the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system itself by positioning bolts, which is simple to operate and easy to install; it can solve the problems of the existing telescopic amount limitation of telescopic steel frames, the inability to effectively control the expansion and contraction range, the inability to control the ultimate bearing capacity of the steel frames, and thus the inability to effectively protect the steel frames.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, one aspect of the present invention provides an adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for a tunnel steel frame, comprising a first steel frame connecting plate and a second steel frame connecting plate arranged in parallel and spaced apart, a flange plate, a polyurethane elastomer, and positioning bolts arranged between the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate; wherein,

[0007] One end of the flange plate is welded to the second steel frame connecting plate, and the other end is fixed to the first steel frame connecting plate by the positioning bolt;

[0008] The polyurethane elastomer is installed between the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate through a positioning column, thereby connecting the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate into a whole;

[0009] A sensor is selectively installed at one end of the polyurethane elastomer close to the first steel frame connecting plate for real-time monitoring of the compression and load of the adaptive pressure-bearing energy-absorbing system;

[0010] The polyurethane elastomer serves as the first-level load-bearing and energy-absorbing unit to absorb the energy generated by the sinking of the tunnel steel frame and convert the kinetic energy into elastic potential energy, while absorbing the vibration energy of the tunnel steel frame. The flange plate and the first steel frame connecting plate together serve as the second-level load-bearing unit to further absorb the remaining load, so that the steel frame is in a preset stable state, thereby effectively protecting the steel frame and the internal supporting structure of the tunnel.

[0011] Furthermore, the central axis of the flange plate coincides with the central axes of the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the polyurethane elastomer is cylindrical;

[0013] The turning lines of the polyurethane elastomer coincide with the central axes of the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate respectively.

[0014] Furthermore, the flange plate includes an integrally formed and hollow first plate body and a second plate body;

[0015] The diameter of the first plate is greater than the diameter of the second plate;

[0016] One end of the second plate body away from the first plate body is welded and fixed to the second steel frame connecting plate.

[0017] Furthermore, a plurality of retaining grooves are evenly spaced on the circumference of the first plate;

[0018] The positioning bolts fix the first plate body and the first steel frame connecting plate through the retaining grooves.

[0019] Furthermore, the opening direction of the retaining groove is consistent with the radial direction of the first plate body.

[0020] Furthermore, the first plate body and the second plate body are provided with a hollow space for reducing weight and accommodating the polyurethane elastomer.

[0021] Furthermore, the polyurethane elastomer is arranged in the hollow space between the first plate body and the second plate body, and is the main load-bearing and compression component.

[0022] Furthermore, the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate are respectively provided with a plurality of mounting holes for fixing to the steel frame and installing the positioning bolts.

[0023] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for using an adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for a tunnel steel frame, comprising the following steps:

[0024] S100: Use positioning bolts to fix the flange plate to the first steel frame connecting plate, so that the polyurethane elastomer is in its original uncompressed state;

[0025] S200: Bolting the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate to corresponding positions of the steel frame respectively;

[0026] S300: After the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate are fixed to the steel frame, the positioning bolts are screwed out, so that the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system enters the working state as a whole;

[0027] S400: When the tunnel steel frame support structure sinks, the polyurethane elastomer of the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system is compressed. When the sinking reaches the limit, the flange plate contacts the first steel frame connecting plate, the polyurethane elastomer is no longer compressed, and the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system reaches a stable state.

[0028] S500: When the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system needs to be removed from the steel frame, first use shorter positioning bolts to fasten the flange plate to the first steel frame connecting plate, and then remove the bolts connecting the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate to the steel frame respectively;

[0029] S600: This completes the installation, use and disassembly of the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system and the steel frame.

[0030] In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0031] (1) The present invention is an adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for tunnel steel frames, which uses polyurethane elastomer as a pressure-bearing energy absorption component. The shape and size of the polyurethane can be designed according to different usage requirements to meet engineering needs. It can be designed in series, has a wide range of bearing capacity, and is highly designable. During the compression process, the polyurethane elastomer absorbs the energy generated by the sinking of the tunnel steel frame and converts the kinetic energy into elastic potential energy. At the same time, the polyurethane elastomer can absorb 10% to 20% of the vibration energy of the tunnel steel frame. The higher the vibration frequency, the greater the energy absorption rate. The compression rate of the polyurethane elastomer can exceed 50%, reaching about 70%. Under the condition of a certain initial size, the compression stroke is large. The present invention uses polyurethane elastomer to absorb the energy generated by the sinking of the tunnel steel frame and converts the kinetic energy into elastic potential energy. At the same time, the polyurethane elastomer can absorb 10% to 20% of the vibration energy of the tunnel steel frame. The higher the vibration frequency, the greater the energy absorption rate. The compression rate of the polyurethane elastomer can exceed 50%, reaching about 70%. Under the condition of a certain initial size, the compression stroke is large. The polyurethane elastomer is used as the first-level load-bearing and energy-absorbing unit to adapt to the sinking working conditions of the tunnel steel frame. The flange plate and steel parts are used as the second-level load-bearing units, which can keep the steel frame in a preset stable state with stable contact, uniform force and high safety margin. Sensors are selectively set on the polyurethane elastomer to monitor the compression and load of the polyurethane elastomer of the present invention in real time according to the actual needs of the project, so that the expansion and contraction range of the adaptive pressure-bearing and energy-absorbing system of the present invention is controllable, with overall adaptability, good safety, low cost and light weight. It can solve the problems of the existing expansion and contraction limitations of the retractable steel frame, the inability to effectively control the expansion and contraction range, the inability to control the ultimate bearing capacity of the steel frame, and thus the inability to effectively protect the steel frame.

[0032] (2) The adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for tunnel steel frames of the present invention connects the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate to the steel frame respectively by bolts, and positions and locks the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system itself by positioning bolts, which is simple to operate and easy to install; the polyurethane elastomer is a non-metallic component with a density of only 1220kg / m 3 About 30cm, light weight; polyurethane material can be presented in a variety of colors such as yellow or red. Different colors can facilitate workers to identify and communicate during construction. The polyurethane situation can be observed with the naked eye, improving application visibility and application safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for a tunnel steel frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation positions of positioning columns and sensors of an adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for a tunnel steel frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the initial working state of a polyurethane elastomer of an adaptive pressure-bearing energy-absorbing system for a tunnel steel frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the final compression state of a polyurethane elastomer of an adaptive pressure-bearing energy-absorbing system for a tunnel steel frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a flow chart of a method for using an adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for a tunnel steel frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] In all the drawings, the same figure marks represent the same technical features, specifically: 1-first steel frame connecting plate, 2-second steel frame connecting plate, 3-flange plate, 31-first plate body, 311-retaining groove, 32-second plate body, 4-elastic body, 41-positioning column, 5-positioning bolt, 6-sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only intended to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, when an element is referred to as being "fixed on", "set on" or "provided on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element; the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", and "provided with" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it may be a connection between the internal parts of the two elements or an interaction relationship between the two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0041] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the technical features being referenced. Thus, features identified with "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0042] like Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, the present invention provides an adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for a tunnel steel frame, comprising a first steel frame connecting plate 1 and a second steel frame connecting plate 2 arranged in parallel and at intervals, a flange plate 3, a polyurethane elastomer 4 and a positioning bolt 5 arranged between the first steel frame connecting plate 1 and the second steel frame connecting plate 2, and a sensor 6 (optionally arranged) arranged at one end of the polyurethane elastomer 4 close to the first steel frame connecting plate 1; the central axis of the flange plate 3 coincides with the central axis of the first steel frame connecting plate 1 and the second steel frame connecting plate 2; the flange plate 3 is a hollow disc-shaped structure, one end of the flange plate 3 is welded to the second steel frame connecting plate 2, and the other end of the flange plate 3 is fixed to the second steel frame connecting plate 2 by the positioning bolt The bolt 5 is fixed to the first steel frame connecting plate 1; the present invention is adaptive and highly safe, the polyurethane elastomer serves as the first-level load-bearing and energy-absorbing unit to absorb the energy generated by the sinking of the tunnel steel frame and converts the kinetic energy into elastic potential energy, while absorbing the vibration energy of the tunnel steel frame, the flange plate and the first steel frame connecting plate together serve as the second-level load-bearing unit to further absorb the residual load, so that the steel frame is in a preset stable state with stable contact, uniform force, high safety margin and good safety, and can effectively protect the steel frame and the internal supporting structure of the tunnel; the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate are connected to the steel frame respectively by bolts, and the adaptive pressure-bearing and energy-absorbing unit is positioned and locked by positioning bolts, which is simple to operate and easy to install.

[0043] Furthermore, if Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, the flange plate 3 includes an integrally formed and hollow first plate body 31 and a second plate body 32. The diameter of the first plate body 31 is larger than the diameter of the second plate body 32. A plurality of retaining grooves 311 are evenly spaced on the circumference of the first plate body 31; the opening direction of the retaining grooves 311 is consistent with the radial direction of the first plate body 31; the first steel frame connecting plate 1 and the second steel frame connecting plate 2 are respectively provided with a plurality of mounting holes, and the positioning bolts 5 are fixed to the first plate body 31 and the first steel frame connecting plate 1 through the retaining grooves 311 and the mounting holes on the first steel frame connecting plate 1; the end of the second plate body 32 away from the first plate body 31 is welded to the second steel frame connecting plate 2;

[0044] Furthermore, if Figure 1-Figure 4As shown, the polyurethane elastomer 4 is arranged in the hollow space between the first plate body 31 and the second plate body 32, and is the main load-bearing and compression component of the present invention. Its rotation line coincides with the central axis of the first steel frame connecting plate 1 and the second steel frame connecting plate 2 respectively. It is installed between the first steel frame connecting plate 1 and the second steel frame connecting plate 2 through the positioning column 41, thereby connecting the first steel frame connecting plate 1 and the second steel frame connecting plate 2 into a whole; the first plate body 31 and the second plate body 32 are provided with a hollow space, on the one hand for reducing weight, and on the other hand for the polyurethane elastomer 4 to pass through.

[0045] Furthermore, if Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, the polyurethane elastomer 4 is cylindrical. Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer has excellent performance and is widely used in the industrial field. It has become one of the important elastomer materials. There are many physical crosslinks composed of hydrogen bonds between the linear polyurethane molecular chains. The hydrogen bonds strengthen its shape, making the polyurethane have many excellent properties such as high modulus, high strength, excellent wear resistance, chemical resistance, hydrolysis resistance, high and low temperature resistance and mildew resistance. At the same time, the polyurethane material can be presented in a variety of colors such as yellow or red. Different colors can facilitate workers to identify and communicate during construction. The condition of the polyurethane can be observed with the naked eye, which improves application visibility and application safety. The present invention has a wide range of bearing capacity and strong designability. Ester elastomer is used as a pressure-bearing energy-absorbing component. The shape and size of the polyurethane can be designed according to different usage requirements to adapt to engineering needs and can be designed in series. The energy absorption capacity of the present invention is strong. During the compression process, the polyurethane elastomer absorbs the energy generated by the sinking of the tunnel steel frame and converts the kinetic energy into elastic potential energy. At the same time, the polyurethane elastomer can absorb 10% to 20% of the vibration energy of the tunnel steel frame. The higher the vibration frequency, the greater the energy absorption rate. The compression stroke of the present invention is large. The compression rate of the polyurethane elastomer can exceed 50%, reaching about 70%. When the initial size is constant, the compression stroke is large. The polyurethane used in the present invention is a non-metallic component with a density of only about 1220kg / m3 and an overall light weight.

[0046] Furthermore, if Figure 2 As shown, a sensor is selectively installed on the top of the polyurethane elastomer 4 according to actual needs, which is used to monitor the compression amount and load of the present invention in real time according to the actual needs of the project.

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown, the present invention provides a method for using an adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for a tunnel steel frame:

[0048] S100: Use positioning bolts to fix the flange plate to the first steel frame connecting plate, so that the polyurethane elastomer is in its original uncompressed state;

[0049] S200: Bolting the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate to corresponding positions of the steel frame respectively;

[0050] S300: After the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate are fixed to the steel frame, the positioning bolts are screwed out to put the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system into working state (e.g. Figure 3 As shown, it is the initial state of the present invention, at which time the compression amount of the polyurethane elastomer is zero);

[0051] S400: When the tunnel steel frame supporting structure sinks, the polyurethane elastomer of the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system is compressed. When the sinking reaches the limit (100mm), the flange plate contacts the first steel frame connecting plate, the polyurethane elastomer is no longer compressed, and the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system reaches a stable state (such as Figure 4 shown);

[0052] S500: When the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system needs to be removed from the steel frame, first use shorter positioning bolts to fasten the flange plate to the first steel frame connecting plate, and then remove the bolts connecting the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate to the steel frame respectively;

[0053] S600: This completes the installation, use and disassembly of the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system and the steel frame.

[0054] In order to verify the bearing capacity and compression performance of the adaptive pressure-bearing energy-absorbing tunnel steel frame joint of the present invention, a force-displacement test was conducted on the core component of the polyurethane elastomer of the present invention using a pressure testing machine: when the pressure on the adaptive pressure-bearing energy-absorbing tunnel steel frame joint of the present invention was 0.96KN (close to 1T), the compression of the polyurethane elastomer was 550mm, the polyurethane elastomer was compressed, the diameter increased, and the busbar was curved; when the load was continued to be applied, so that the pressure on the adaptive pressure-bearing energy-absorbing tunnel steel frame joint of the present invention was 39.7KN (close to 4T), the compression was 100mm, and the polyurethane was drum-shaped around the entire circumference, with uniform deformation and no cracking or creep; when the pressure was removed, the polyurethane elastomer could rebound, and there was still 3% to 4% permanent deformation. The test results meet the actual engineering requirements. The specific test data are shown in Table 1:

[0055] Table 1 Polyurethane elastomer test data

[0056] Loading capacity (KN) Diameter (mm) Height (mm) Pressure (mm) Compression amount (mm) Compression rate 0 130 130 0 0 0 10 155 65 0.6 65 46.4％ 40 186 30 1.5 100 71.4％

[0057] The working principle of the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for tunnel steel frames provided by the present invention is as follows: using polyurethane elastomer as a pressure-bearing energy absorption component, the shape and size of the polyurethane can be designed according to different usage requirements to adapt to engineering needs, and can be designed in series, with a wide range of bearing capacity and strong designability; during the compression process, the polyurethane elastomer absorbs the energy generated by the sinking of the tunnel steel frame and converts the kinetic energy into elastic potential energy. At the same time, the polyurethane elastomer can absorb 10% to 20% of the vibration energy of the tunnel steel frame. The higher the vibration frequency, the greater the energy absorption rate; the compression rate of the polyurethane elastomer can exceed 50%, reaching about 70%. Under the condition of a certain initial size, the compression stroke is large; the present invention uses polyurethane elastomer as the first-stage load-bearing energy absorption unit to adapt to the sinking working condition of the tunnel steel frame, and uses flange plates and steel parts as the second-stage load-bearing energy absorption unit. The force unit can keep the steel frame in a preset stable state, with stable contact, uniform force and high safety margin; a sensor is selectively set on the polyurethane elastomer to monitor the compression and load of the polyurethane elastomer of the present invention in real time according to the actual needs of the project, so that the expansion and contraction range of the adaptive pressure-bearing energy-absorbing system of the present invention can be controlled, and the overall adaptability and safety are good; it can solve the problem that the expansion and contraction range of the existing retractable steel frame cannot be effectively controlled, the ultimate bearing capacity of the steel frame cannot be controlled, and the steel frame cannot be effectively protected; the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate are connected to the steel frame respectively by bolts, and the adaptive pressure-bearing energy-absorbing system itself is positioned and locked by positioning bolts, which is simple to operate and easy to install; the polyurethane of the polyurethane elastomer is a non-metallic component with a density of only 1220kg / m 3 About 30cm, light weight; polyurethane material can be presented in a variety of colors such as yellow or red. Different colors can facilitate workers to identify and communicate during construction. The polyurethane situation can be observed with the naked eye, improving application visibility and application safety.

[0058] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for using an adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for a tunnel steel frame, characterized in that: This is achieved by applying an adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for tunnel steel frames, including the following steps: S100: Use positioning bolts to fix the flange plate to the first steel frame connecting plate, so that the polyurethane elastomer is in its original uncompressed state; S200: Bolting the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate to corresponding positions of the steel frame respectively; S300: After the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate are fixed to the steel frame, the positioning bolts are screwed out, so that the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system enters the working state as a whole; S400: When the tunnel steel frame support structure sinks, the polyurethane elastomer of the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system is compressed. When the sinking reaches the limit, the flange plate contacts the first steel frame connecting plate, the polyurethane elastomer is no longer compressed, and the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system reaches a stable state. S500: When the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system needs to be removed from the steel frame, first use positioning bolts to fix the flange plate to the first steel frame connecting plate, and then remove the bolts connecting the first steel frame connecting plate and the second steel frame connecting plate to the steel frame respectively; S600: This completes the installation, use, and disassembly of the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system and the steel frame. The adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for a tunnel steel frame comprises a first steel frame connecting plate (1) and a second steel frame connecting plate (2) arranged in parallel and spaced apart, a flange plate (3) arranged between the first steel frame connecting plate (1) and the second steel frame connecting plate (2), a polyurethane elastomer (4), and positioning bolts (5); wherein, One end of the flange plate (3) is welded to the second steel frame connecting plate (2), and the other end is fixed to the first steel frame connecting plate (1) via the positioning bolt (5); The polyurethane elastomer (4) is installed between the first steel frame connecting plate (1) and the second steel frame connecting plate (2) via a positioning column (41), thereby connecting the first steel frame connecting plate (1) and the second steel frame connecting plate (2) into a whole; A sensor (6) is installed at one end of the polyurethane elastomer (4) close to the first steel frame connecting plate (1) for real-time monitoring of the compression amount and load of the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system; The polyurethane elastomer (4) acts as a first-level load-bearing and energy-absorbing unit to absorb the energy generated by the sinking of the tunnel steel frame and convert the kinetic energy into elastic potential energy, while absorbing the vibration energy of the tunnel steel frame. The flange plate (3) and the first steel frame connecting plate (1) act together as a second-level load-bearing unit to further absorb the remaining load, thereby placing the steel frame in a preset stable state, thereby effectively protecting the steel frame and the internal supporting structure of the tunnel.

2. The method for using the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for a tunnel steel frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central axis of the flange plate (3) coincides with the central axes of the first steel frame connecting plate (1) and the second steel frame connecting plate (2).

3. The method for using the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for a tunnel steel frame according to claim 2, characterized in that: The polyurethane elastomer (4) is cylindrical; The turning line of the polyurethane elastomer (4) coincides with the central axis of the first steel frame connecting plate (1) and the second steel frame connecting plate (2).

4. A method for using an adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for a tunnel steel frame according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The flange plate (3) comprises a first plate body (31) and a second plate body (32) which are integrally formed and hollow; The diameter of the first plate (31) is greater than the diameter of the second plate (32); One end of the second plate body (32) away from the first plate body (31) is welded and fixed to the second steel frame connecting plate (2).

5. The method for using the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for tunnel steel frames according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of retaining grooves (311) are evenly spaced on the circumference of the first plate (31); The positioning bolts (5) fix the first plate body (31) and the first steel frame connecting plate (1) through the retaining grooves (311).

6. The method for using the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for tunnel steel frames according to claim 5, characterized in that: The opening direction of the retaining groove (311) is consistent with the radial direction of the first plate body (31).

7. The method for using the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for a tunnel steel frame according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The first plate body (31) and the second plate body (32) are provided with a hollow space for reducing weight and accommodating the polyurethane elastomer (4).

8. The method for using the adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for tunnel steel frames according to claim 7, characterized in that: The polyurethane elastomer (4) is arranged in the hollow space between the first plate body (31) and the second plate body (32), and is a main load-bearing and compression component.

9. A method for using an adaptive pressure-bearing energy absorption system for a tunnel steel frame according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or any one of claims 5, 6, and 8, characterized in that: The first steel frame connecting plate (1) and the second steel frame connecting plate (2) are respectively provided with a plurality of mounting holes for fixing to the steel frame and for installing the positioning bolts (5).

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