Data processing method, device and system

Abstract

The present application discloses a method, device and system for data processing, which belongs to the field of communication. The method includes: a quantum computer receives a first group of pulse signals, the first group of pulse signals are pulse signals sent according to a unitary operation matrix, the unitary operation matrix is ​​used to describe the decomposition relationship between a first value and a second value, and the initial quantum state is adjusted to a first quantum state according to the first group of pulse signals, and the first quantum state is used to describe the decomposition relationship; a second group of pulse signals are received, the second group of pulse signals are pulse signals sent according to the difference information between the first quantum state and the target quantum state, and the number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals is equal to the number of pulse signals included in the first group of pulse signals; under the action of the second group of pulse signals, the first quantum state is adjusted to the second quantum state; when the second quantum state is the target quantum state, the first value is processed. The present application can reduce the depth of quantum circuits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a method, device and system for data processing. Background Art

[0002] Compared with classical computing devices, quantum computers have brought unprecedented computing power improvement. Based on their powerful computing power, quantum computers have derived a variety of applications. For example, integer decomposition is to decompose an integer value into multiple values, the product of which is equal to the integer. For example, the integer 15 can be decomposed into 3 and 5. Currently, integer decomposition can be widely used in asymmetric cryptography.

[0003] For an integer N to be decomposed, a decomposition parameter for decomposing the integer N is obtained through a quantum computer, and the integer N is decomposed based on the decomposition parameter. Currently, when obtaining the decomposition parameter r, a quantum Fourier transform operation needs to be introduced, which will increase the depth of the quantum circuit exponentially, resulting in a deeper depth of the quantum circuit. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a data processing method, device and system to reduce the depth of quantum circuits. The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for data processing, in which: a quantum computer receives a first group of pulse signals, wherein the first group of pulse signals is a pulse signal sent according to a unitary operation matrix, wherein the unitary operation matrix is ​​used to describe the decomposition relationship between a first numerical value and a second numerical value, the first numerical value is an integer to be decomposed, and the second numerical value is less than the first numerical value. The quantum computer adjusts the initial quantum state to a first quantum state according to the first group of pulse signals, wherein the initial quantum state is used to indicate the state of n quantum bits in the quantum computer, n is an integer greater than 1, n=logN, the first quantum state is used to describe the decomposition relationship, and N is the first numerical value. The quantum computer receives a second group of pulse signals, wherein the second group of pulse signals is a pulse signal sent according to the difference information between the first quantum state and the target quantum state, and the number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals is equal to the number of pulse signals included in the first group of pulse signals. Under the action of the second group of pulse signals, the quantum computer adjusts the first quantum state to a second quantum state. When the second quantum state is the target quantum state, the quantum computer processes the first numerical value. Among them, since the unitary operation matrix is ​​used to describe the decomposition relationship between the first numerical value and the second numerical value, the quantum computer adjusts the initial quantum state to the first quantum state including the decomposition relationship based on the first group of pulse signals corresponding to the unitary operation matrix; then the quantum computer only needs to adjust the first quantum state according to the second group of pulse signals until the quantum state is adjusted to the target quantum state, and then process the first numerical value.

[0006] According to the data processing method provided by the present application, in the process of adjusting the quantum state of the quantum computer, the number of pulse signals in the second group of pulse signals required can be the same as the number of pulse signals in the first group of pulse signals, so the depth of the quantum circuit used to generate the first group of pulse signals and the depth of the quantum circuit used to generate the second group of pulse signals remain unchanged. In other words, in the process of adjusting the quantum state, the depth of the quantum circuit will not continue to increase exponentially, thereby reducing the depth of the quantum circuit.

[0007] In a possible implementation, when the second quantum state is not the target quantum state, the quantum computer sends a distance parameter, which is used to indicate the difference information between the second quantum state and the target quantum state. The quantum computer receives a third group of pulse signals, which is a pulse signal sent according to the distance parameter, and the number of pulse signals included in the third group of pulse signals is equal to the number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals. Under the action of the third group of pulse signals, the quantum computer continues to adjust the state of the quantum computer. Since the number of pulse signals included in the third group of pulse signals is equal to the number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals, the depth of the quantum circuit used to generate the third group of pulse signals and the depth of the quantum circuit used to generate the second group of pulse signals remain unchanged.

[0008] In another possible implementation, the initial quantum state includes n quantum bits, wherein the state indicated by each quantum bit from the 1st to the n-1th quantum bits is "0", and the state indicated by the nth quantum bit is "1".

[0009] In another possible implementation, the unitary operation matrix satisfies the condition shown in the following first formula:

[0010] The first formula is: x,N |k>=|xk mod N>;

[0011] In the first formula, k is a vector including the n quantum bits, x is the second value, and U x,N is the unitary operation matrix, and mod is a modulo operation. In this way, the unitary operation matrix includes the decomposition relationship.

[0012] In another possible implementation, the target quantum state includes quantum states indicated by multiple measurement bases, and the multiple measurement bases include a first measurement base and a second measurement base. The quantum computer receives a first measurement pulse signal and a second measurement pulse signal, wherein the first measurement pulse signal is a pulse signal sent according to the first measurement base, and the second measurement pulse signal is a pulse signal sent according to the second measurement base. Under the action of the first measurement pulse signal, the quantum computer generates a first signal sequence based on the probability corresponding to the first measurement base, and under the action of the second measurement pulse signal, generates a second signal sequence based on the probability corresponding to the second measurement base. The quantum computer sends a first signal sequence and a second signal sequence, and the first signal sequence and the second signal sequence are used to process a first numerical value. In this way, the probability of the quantum state indicated by each measurement base in the target quantum state is measured through the first measurement base and the second measurement base, and the first numerical value can be decomposed based on the probability of the quantum state indicated by each measurement base.

[0013] In another possible implementation, the multiple measurement bases have the following three characteristics:

[0014] The first characteristic is that the module of each measurement basis in the plurality of measurement bases is 1.

[0015] The second feature is that any two measurement bases in the multiple groups of measurement bases are orthogonal.

[0016] The third feature is that the sum of the matrices corresponding to each measurement basis in the multiple measurement bases is a unit matrix, the matrix corresponding to the first measurement basis is obtained by performing an outer product operation on the first measurement basis, and the matrix corresponding to the second measurement basis is obtained by performing an outer product operation on the second measurement basis.

[0017] In another possible implementation, the target quantum state is a quantum state that can be measured by multiple measurement bases. The target quantum state is a superposition state of the quantum states indicated by each measurement base, and the probability distribution space of the target quantum state includes the probability corresponding to the quantum state indicated by each measurement base. The probability corresponding to the quantum state indicated by the measurement base refers to the probability that the quantum computer is in the quantum state indicated by the measurement base, and the probability corresponding to the quantum state indicated by the measurement base is used to describe the decomposition relationship.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present application provides a quantum computing device for executing the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect. Specifically, the quantum computing device includes a unit for executing the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0019] In a third aspect, the present application provides a quantum computing device, comprising: a quantum processor, a quantum memory, and a quantum transceiver. The quantum processor, the quantum memory, and the quantum transceiver can be connected via a quantum bus system. The quantum memory is used to store one or more programs, the quantum processor is used to store quantum bits in the quantum memory, and to operate the quantum bits by executing one or more programs in the quantum memory, so that the quantum computing device completes the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0020] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which program code is stored. When the computer-readable storage medium is run on a quantum computer, the quantum computer executes the method in the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0021] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product comprising program code, which, when executed on a quantum computer, enables the quantum computer to execute the method in the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

[0022] In a sixth aspect, the present application provides a data processing system, the system comprising: a control device and a quantum computer; the control device is used to send a first group of pulse signals to the quantum computer according to a unitary operation matrix, wherein the unitary operation matrix is ​​used to describe the decomposition relationship between a first value and a second value, the first value is an integer to be decomposed, and the second value is less than the first value. The quantum computer is used to adjust the initial quantum state to a first quantum state according to the first group of pulse signals, wherein the initial quantum state is used to indicate the state of n quantum bits in the quantum computer, n is an integer greater than 1, n=logN, the first quantum state is used to describe the decomposition relationship, and N is the first value; the control device is also used to send a second group of pulse signals to the quantum computer according to the difference information between the first quantum state and the target quantum state, the number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals is equal to the number of pulse signals included in the first group of pulse signals; the quantum computer is also used to adjust the first quantum state to a second quantum state under the action of the second group of pulse signals; when the second quantum state is the target quantum state, the first value is processed. Among them, since the unitary operation matrix is ​​used to describe the decomposition relationship between the first numerical value and the second numerical value, the quantum computer adjusts the initial quantum state to the first quantum state including the decomposition relationship based on the first group of pulse signals corresponding to the unitary operation matrix; then the quantum computer only needs to adjust the first quantum state according to the second group of pulse signals until the quantum state is adjusted to the target quantum state, and then process the first numerical value.

[0023] According to the data processing system provided by the present application, in the process of adjusting the quantum state of the quantum computer, the number of pulse signals in the second group of pulse signals required can be the same as the number of pulse signals in the first group of pulse signals, so the depth of the quantum circuit used to generate the first group of pulse signals and the depth of the quantum circuit used to generate the second group of pulse signals remain unchanged. In other words, in the process of adjusting the quantum state, the depth of the quantum circuit will not continue to increase exponentially, thereby reducing the depth of the quantum circuit.

[0024] In a possible implementation, the quantum computer is further used to send a distance parameter when the second quantum state is not the target quantum state, and the distance parameter is used to indicate the difference information between the second quantum state and the target quantum state; the control device is further used to send a third group of pulse signals according to the distance parameter, and the number of pulse signals included in the third group of pulse signals is equal to the number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals; under the action of the third group of pulse signals, the quantum computer is further used to continue to adjust the state of the quantum computer. Since the number of pulse signals included in the third group of pulse signals is equal to the number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals, the depth of the quantum circuit used to generate the third group of pulse signals and the depth of the quantum circuit used to generate the second group of pulse signals remain unchanged.

[0025] In another possible implementation, the control device is further used to determine a unitary operation matrix according to the first value, the second value, and the first vector by the following first formula, where the first vector is a vector including n quantum bits;

[0026] The first formula is: x,N |k>=|xk mod N>;

[0027] In the first formula, k is the first vector, x is the second value, and U x,N is a unitary operation matrix, and mod is a modulo operation. In this way, since the unitary operation matrix is ​​obtained by using the first value and the second value through the first formula, the unitary operation matrix includes a decomposition relationship between the first value and the second value.

[0028] In another possible implementation, the target quantum state includes quantum states indicated by multiple measurement bases, and the multiple measurement bases include a first measurement base and a second measurement base; the control device is also used to send a first measurement pulse signal to the quantum computer according to the first measurement base, and send a second measurement pulse signal to the quantum computer according to the second measurement base; the quantum computer is also used to generate a first signal sequence based on the probability corresponding to the first measurement base under the action of the first measurement pulse signal, and to generate a second signal sequence based on the probability corresponding to the second measurement base under the action of the second measurement pulse signal, and send the first signal sequence and the second signal sequence to the control device; the control device is used to process the first value according to the first signal sequence and the second signal sequence. In this way, the probability of the quantum state indicated by each measurement base in the target quantum state is measured through the first measurement base and the second measurement base, and the first value can be decomposed based on the probability of the quantum state indicated by each measurement base.

[0029] In another possible implementation, the initial quantum state includes n quantum bits, wherein the state indicated by each quantum bit from the 1st to the n-1th quantum bits is "0", and the state indicated by the nth quantum bit is "1". BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a system architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum computer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 3 is a flow chart of a data processing method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a first quantum circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a second quantum circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 6 is a flow chart of another data processing method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum computing device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of another quantum computing device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The implementation methods of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Integer decomposition is the process of decomposing an integer greater than 1 into multiple values, the product of which is equal to the integer. For example, the integer 15 can be decomposed into 3 and 5.

[0040] Integer decomposition can be applied to asymmetric encryption and other application scenarios. For example, in asymmetric encryption scenarios, the integer N to be decomposed can be used as a public key, and the integer N can be decomposed into two integer values ​​q and p. q is used as the sender's private key, and p is used as the receiver's private key. In this way, the sender can send content W 1 When the public key N and the sender's private key q are used to encrypt the content W 1 Encrypt and get the ciphertext W 2 =W 1 q modN, send the ciphertext W to the receiver 2 The receiver receives the secret code W 2 The ciphertext W is ciphered using the public key N and the recipient's private key p. 2 Decrypt and get the content W 1 =W 2 p mod N. For an integer N to be decomposed, the integer N may be decomposed by using any of the following embodiments.

[0041] See also Figure 1 , the embodiment of the present application provides a system architecture, including:

[0042] A control device, a quantum computing device (also called a quantum computer), and the control device are connected to the quantum computer.

[0043] The control device sends a first group of pulse signals to the quantum computer according to a unitary operation matrix, wherein the unitary operation matrix is ​​used to describe a decomposition relationship between a first value and a second value, wherein the first value is an integer to be decomposed and the second value is smaller than the first value.

[0044] The quantum computer adjusts the initial quantum state to a first quantum state according to the first group of pulse signals, wherein the initial quantum state is used to indicate the states of n quantum bits in the quantum computer, where n is an integer greater than 1, n=logN, and N is a first numerical value. The first quantum state is used to describe the decomposition relationship, and a first distance parameter is sent to a control device, where the first distance parameter indicates difference information between the first quantum state and a target quantum state.

[0045] The control device sends a second group of pulse signals to the quantum computer according to the first distance parameter, and the number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals is equal to the number of pulse signals included in the first group of pulse signals.

[0046] Under the action of the second set of pulse signals, the quantum computer adjusts the first quantum state to the second quantum state; when the second quantum state is the target quantum state, the first numerical value is processed.

[0047] The initial quantum state includes n qubits, wherein the state indicated by the first n-1 qubits of the n qubits is "0", and the state indicated by the remaining qubit of the n qubits is "1", that is, the state indicated by each qubit from the 1st to the n-1th qubits is "0", and the state indicated by the nth qubit is "1". The n qubits form a first vector, that is, the first vector is |000...1>. The initial quantum state is a quantum state corresponding to the first vector and is a non-superposition state.

[0048] Optionally, the target quantum state includes quantum states indicated by multiple measurement bases. Assuming that the number of the multiple measurement bases is x, the target quantum state is a superposition state of x first states, x is an integer greater than 1, and the x first states correspond to the x measurement bases respectively. For any first state of the x first states, the probability distribution space of the target quantum state includes the probability that the quantum computer is in the first state, and the probability of each first state is used to describe the decomposition relationship.

[0049] Optionally, the quantum computer is further used to send a distance parameter when the second quantum state is not the target quantum state, where the distance parameter is used to indicate difference information between the second quantum state and the target quantum state;

[0050] The control device is further used to send a third group of pulse signals according to the distance parameter, wherein the number of pulse signals included in the third group of pulse signals is equal to the number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals;

[0051] Under the action of the third set of pulse signals, the quantum computer is further used to continue adjusting the state of the quantum computer. The control device and the quantum computer repeat the process until the state of the quantum computer is adjusted to the target quantum state.

[0052] The control device is also used to measure the quantum computer according to at least two measurement bases among the x measurement bases to obtain the probability of a first state corresponding to each measurement basis among the at least two measurement bases; and decompose the first numerical value according to the probability of the first state corresponding to each measurement basis.

[0053] Optionally, the detailed process of controlling the device to adjust the quantum state of the quantum computer to the target quantum state, measuring the probability of the first state corresponding to each measurement basis, and the detailed process of decomposing the first value will be described later. Figure 3 The illustrated embodiment is described in detail.

[0054] Optionally, each measurement basis of the x measurement bases is a vector, and the x measurement bases form a group of measurement bases, and the group of measurement bases has the following three features, namely:

[0055] The first characteristic is that the module of each measurement basis in the set of measurement bases is 1.

[0056] The second characteristic is that any two measurement bases in the set of measurement bases are orthogonal.

[0057] The third feature is that for any measurement basis among the x measurement bases, an outer product operation is performed on the measurement basis to obtain the matrix corresponding to the measurement basis, and an outer product operation is performed on each measurement basis among the x measurement bases to obtain the matrix corresponding to each measurement basis, and the matrices corresponding to each measurement basis are summed to obtain a unit matrix.

[0058] Optionally, performing an outer product operation on the measurement basis means multiplying the transposed vector of the measurement basis with the measurement basis to obtain a matrix corresponding to the measurement basis. For example, assuming a measurement basis is [0 0 1], performing an outer product operation on the measurement basis obtains a matrix corresponding to the measurement basis as

[0059] The control device may be a classical computer, etc.

[0060] Optional, see Figure 2 The quantum computer shown includes multiple quantum computing units 3. For any quantum computing unit 3, the quantum computing unit 3 includes a quantum bit storage unit 31 and an input terminal 32, and the input terminal 32 is connected to the quantum bit storage unit 31. The control device can input a quantum bit to the quantum bit storage unit 31 through the input terminal 32, and control the quantum bit in the quantum bit storage unit 31 to change between the "0" state and the "1" state through the input terminal 32, that is, the quantum bit can be controlled to be in the "0" state, the "1" state or the superposition state. The superposition state can be |ψ>=α 0 |0>+α 1 |1>, where the coefficient α 0 , α 1 is a complex number and satisfies the normalization condition, that is, |α 0 | 2 +|α 1 | 2 =1.

[0061] See also Figure 3 , the present application embodiment provides a method for data processing, which can be applied to Figure 1 The system architecture shown in FIG. 1 includes:

[0062] Step 301: The control device sends a fourth set of pulse signals to the quantum computer according to the first vector, the first vector includes n quantum bits, n=logN, N is the first value to be decomposed, and n and N are both integers greater than 1.

[0063] In this step, the control device can generate a first vector, the first vector includes n-1 bits "0" and 1 bit "1", that is, the first vector is |000...1>, n=logN, N is the first value to be decomposed, and n and N are both integers greater than 1. A fourth group of pulse signals is generated according to the first vector, the fourth group of pulse signals includes n pulse signals, and the fourth group of pulse signals is sent to the quantum computer.

[0064] Step 302: Under the action of the fourth group of pulse signals, the quantum computer sets the initial quantum state of the quantum computer to the quantum state represented by the first vector, and the initial quantum state is a non-superposition state.

[0065] The initial quantum state includes the n quantum bits, the first n-1 quantum bits among the n quantum bits indicate a state of "0", and the last quantum bit among the n quantum bits indicates a state of "1", that is, the state indicated by each quantum bit among the 1st to n-1th quantum bits is "0", and the state indicated by the nth quantum bit is "1".

[0066] For the convenience of subsequent explanation, the first vector is represented as |init>, that is, the first vector can be represented as |init>=|000...1>. Figure 2 , a quantum computer includes multiple quantum computing units, each of which includes an input port and a quantum bit storage unit.

[0067] Optionally, for the above steps 301 to 302, the process of the control device controlling the quantum state of the quantum computer to be the initial quantum state may be:

[0068] The control device generates a fourth group of pulse signals through a quantum circuit according to the first vector. The fourth group of pulse signals includes n pulse signals, and the n pulse signals correspond to the n quantum bits included in the first vector respectively, and the fourth group of pulse signals is sent to the quantum computer. The quantum computer inputs the n pulse signals into the n quantum computing units included in the quantum computer respectively, so that the quantum bit storage unit included in each of the n quantum computing units stores a quantum bit of the first vector, so that the quantum state of the quantum computer becomes the initial quantum state corresponding to the first vector. For the convenience of subsequent description, the n quantum computing units are called n first quantum computing units.

[0069] For example, the first vector |init>=|000...1>, so that the control device generates n-1 pulse signals corresponding to quantum bit 0 and one pulse signal corresponding to quantum bit 1 through the quantum circuit, obtains the fourth group of pulse signals, and sends the fourth group of pulse signals to the quantum computer. The quantum computer receives the fourth group of pulse signals, selects n quantum computing units in the quantum computer as first quantum computing units, inputs n-1 pulse signals corresponding to quantum bit 0 to the selected n-1 first quantum computing units, so that each first quantum computing unit includes quantum bit "0", and inputs the first pulse signal corresponding to quantum bit "1" to the remaining first quantum computing unit, so that the first quantum computing unit includes quantum bit "1". As a result, the quantum state of the quantum computer becomes the initial quantum state corresponding to the first vector |init>=|000...1>.

[0070] Step 303: The control device sends a first group of pulse signals to the quantum computer according to the unitary operation matrix, and the number of pulse signals included in the first group of pulse signals is the same as the number of pulse signals included in the fourth group of pulse signals.

[0071] Optionally, the control device first selects an integer as the second value from an interval greater than 1 and less than the first value. A unitary operation matrix is ​​determined according to the first value, the second value, and the first vector, the first value is an integer to be decomposed greater than 1, the second value is an integer greater than 1 and less than the first value, and the unitary operation matrix is ​​used to describe the decomposition relationship between the first value and the second value.

[0072] Optionally, the control device determines the unitary operation matrix according to the first value, the second value and the first vector by using the following first formula;

[0073] The first formula is: x,N |init>=|xinit mod N>;

[0074] In the first formula, N is the first value, x is the second value, and U x,N is the unitary operation matrix, and mod is the modulo operation.

[0075] Step 304: The quantum computer adjusts the initial quantum state to a first quantum state according to the first group of pulse signals, where the first quantum state is used to describe the decomposition relationship between the first numerical value and the second numerical value.

[0076] The first group of pulse signals also includes n pulse signals, and the quantum computer inputs the n pulse signals into the n first quantum computing units to adjust the state of the quantum bits in each first quantum computing unit, thereby adjusting the quantum state of the quantum computer from the initial quantum state to the first quantum state.

[0077] Optionally, the above steps 303 and 304 are used to control the device to adjust the quantum state of the quantum computer from the initial quantum state to the first quantum state according to the unitary operation matrix.

[0078] Optionally, the first quantum state is a superposition state of x second states, and the probability distribution space of the first quantum state includes the probability of the quantum computer being in each second state among the x second states, and the probability of each second state is used to reflect the decomposition relationship between the first numerical value and the second numerical value, and x is an integer greater than 1.

[0079] Optionally, the following lists an implementation example in which the control device adjusts the quantum state of the quantum computer from the initial quantum state to the first quantum state according to the unitary operation matrix. The implementation example can be implemented by the following operations 3041-3042, and the operations 3041-3042 can be:

[0080] 3041: The control device determines the second vector according to the unitary operation matrix and the first vector, and the first quantum state is the quantum state represented by the second vector.

[0081] The control device may obtain a conjugate transposed matrix of the unitary operation matrix, and determine the second vector according to the following second formula based on the unitary operation matrix, the conjugate transposed matrix and the first vector.

[0082] The second formula is:

[0083] In the second formula above, is the second vector, is the conjugate transposed matrix of the unitary operation matrix, and |init> is the first vector.

[0084] The first quantum state is related to the second vector The corresponding quantum state. The second vector In the second vector, r is a decomposition parameter, which is used to reflect the decomposition relationship between the first value and the second value, so that the probability of each second state included in the first quantum state is used to reflect the decomposition relationship between the first value and the second value.

[0085] For the conjugate transposed matrix, the unitary operation matrix can be flipped 90 degrees along the left diagonal of the unitary operation matrix to obtain a transposed matrix; for the complex elements included in the transposed matrix, the imaginary part of the complex elements is inverted, and the real part of the complex number remains unchanged, thereby obtaining the conjugate transposed matrix of the unitary operation matrix.

[0086] For example, suppose the unitary operation matrix is Then flip 90 degrees along the left diagonal of the unitary operation matrix, and the resulting transposed matrix is For the complex element a+bi in the transposed matrix, the imaginary part of the complex element a+bi is negated to obtain another complex element a-bi, so the conjugate transposed matrix of the unitary operation matrix is

[0087] 3042: The control device adjusts the state of the quantum computer to a second quantum state according to the second vector.

[0088] Optionally, the quantum computer includes Figure 4 In the first quantum circuit shown, the control device adjusts the quantum state of the quantum computer from an initial quantum state to a second quantum state through the first quantum circuit.

[0089] Optionally, the control device may adjust the quantum state of the quantum computer from an initial quantum state to a second quantum state by performing the following operations (1) to (4), wherein the operations (1) to (4) are respectively:

[0090] (1): The control device selects a quantum computing unit as a second quantum computing unit from among the quantum computing units other than the n first quantum computing units included in the quantum computer, and inputs a quantum bit "0" into the second quantum computing unit, so that the quantum computer includes n+1 quantum bits, and the n+1 quantum bits are |0>|init>.

[0091] Optionally, for the convenience of subsequent description, the n+1 quantum bits are referred to as the first quantum system, and the first quantum system includes a first system and a second system. The first quantum system is |0>|init>, the first system is |0>, and the second system is |init>.

[0092] Optionally, in this operation, the control device generates a pulse signal corresponding to the quantum bit "0" through the first quantum circuit, and sends a pulse signal corresponding to the quantum bit "0" to the quantum computer. The quantum computer receives the pulse signal and inputs the pulse signal to the second quantum computing unit, so that the second quantum computing unit includes the quantum bit "0". At this time, the quantum computer includes n+1 quantum bits, and the n+1 quantum bits constitute the first quantum system |0>|init>.

[0093] (2): The control device acts on the auxiliary matrix on the first system included in the first quantum system to obtain the second quantum system.

[0094] The second quantum system still includes n+1 quantum bits, but the n+1 quantum bits included in the second quantum system are different from the n+1 quantum bits included in the first quantum system.

[0095] Optional, auxiliary matrix

[0096] In this operation, the control device applies the auxiliary matrix to the first system as follows: the control device multiplies the auxiliary matrix by the first system included in the first quantum system to obtain the second quantum system. In implementation, the control device can generate a pulse signal corresponding to the auxiliary matrix through the first quantum circuit, and send the pulse signal corresponding to the auxiliary matrix to the quantum computer. The quantum computer inputs the pulse signal corresponding to the auxiliary matrix to the second quantum computing unit, thereby applying the auxiliary matrix to the first system included in the first quantum system to obtain the second quantum system. The second quantum system is

[0097]

[0098] It should be noted that the second quantum system also includes the first system and the second system. The n+1 quantum bits included in the second quantum system may be |0>|init>, and the probability that the n+1 quantum bits are |0>|init> is In this case, the first system included in the second quantum system is |0>, and the second system included in the second quantum system is |init>. Or,

[0099] The n+1 qubits included in the second quantum system may be |1>|init>. The probability that the n+1 qubits are |1>|init> is In this case, the first system included in the second quantum system is |1>, and the second system included in the second quantum system is |init>.

[0100] (3): The control device applies the unitary operation matrix and the conjugate transposed matrix corresponding to the unitary operation matrix to the second quantum system in the quantum computer to obtain the third quantum system.

[0101] Among them, the third quantum system still includes n+1 quantum bits, but the n+1 quantum bits included in the third quantum system are different from the n+1 quantum bits included in the second quantum system.

[0102] In this operation, the control device combines the unitary operation matrix and the conjugate transposed matrix to obtain a controlled unitary operation matrix, which can be expressed as: is a tensor operation. The controlled unitary operation matrix is ​​applied to the second quantum system to obtain the third quantum system. The third quantum system is:

[0103]

[0104] It should be noted that the third quantum system also includes the first system and the second system. The n+1 quantum bits included in the third quantum system may be |0>U x,N|init>, the n+1 quantum bits are |0>U x,N The probability of |init> is In this case, the first system in the third quantum system is |0>, and the second system in the third quantum system is U x,N |init>. Or,

[0105] The third quantum system may include n+1 quantum bits The n+1 quantum bits are The probability of In this case, the first system included in the third quantum system is |1>, and the second system included in the third quantum system is

[0106] Optionally, the operation of the control device acting on the controlled unitary operation matrix in the second quantum system may be: the control device generates n+1 pulse signals corresponding to the controlled unitary operation matrix through the first quantum circuit, wherein n pulse signals among the n+1 pulse signals correspond to the n first quantum computing units, the n pulse signals are the first group of pulse signals, and the remaining pulse signal corresponds to the second computing unit, and the n+1 pulse signals are sent to the quantum computer. The quantum computer inputs the n pulse signals included in the first group of pulse signals to the n first quantum computing units, and inputs the remaining pulse signal to the second quantum computing unit, so that the state of the quantum computer changes to the quantum state represented by the third quantum system. In this way, the controlled unitary operation matrix acts on the second quantum system to obtain the third quantum system.

[0107] (4): The control device applies the auxiliary matrix to the quantum bits in the first quantum computing unit to obtain a fourth quantum system. At this time, the quantum state of the quantum computer is the quantum state corresponding to the fourth quantum system.

[0108] The control device acts on the auxiliary matrix on the quantum bits in the first quantum computing unit to obtain the fourth quantum system. The fourth quantum system is

[0109] The derivation process of the fourth quantum system can be obtained:

[0110]

[0111] It should be noted that the fourth quantum system also includes the first system and the second system. The fourth quantum system includes n+1 quantum bits, and the n+1 quantum bits may be The n+1 quantum bits are The probability of In this case, the first system included in the fourth quantum system is |0>, and the second system included in the fourth quantum system is or,

[0112] The third quantum system may include n+1 quantum bits The n+1 quantum bits are The probability of In this case, the first system included in the fourth quantum system is |1>, and the second system included in the fourth quantum system is

[0113] The detailed implementation of the control device applying the auxiliary matrix to the first system can be found in the detailed implementation of the control device applying the auxiliary matrix to the first system in the above operation (2), which will not be described in detail here.

[0114] (5): The control device measures whether the first system in the fourth quantum system is quantum bit "0". If it is quantum bit "0", it determines that the quantum bit in the n first quantum units in the quantum computer is the second vector, that is, the quantum state of the quantum computer is adjusted from the initial quantum state to the first quantum state.

[0115] If the first system in the fourth quantum system is a quantum bit "0", it means that the n+1 quantum bits included in the fourth quantum system are That is to say, the first system included in the fourth quantum system is |0>, and the second system included in the fourth quantum system is the second vector, which is

[0116] In this operation, the control device generates a pulse signal corresponding to the quantum bit "0" through the first quantum circuit, and inputs the pulse signal to the second quantum computing unit of the quantum computer. If the quantum bit included in the second quantum computing unit is the quantum bit "0", the quantum computer generates a signal sequence corresponding to the quantum bit "0", and if the quantum bit included in the second quantum computing unit is the quantum bit "1", the signal sequence generated by the quantum computer is different from the signal sequence corresponding to the quantum bit "0".

[0117] The control device receives a signal sequence generated by a quantum computer. If the signal sequence is a signal sequence corresponding to quantum bit "0", the first system in the fourth quantum system is measured to be quantum bit "0"; if the signal sequence is not a signal sequence corresponding to quantum bit "0", the first system in the fourth quantum system is measured to be not quantum bit "0".

[0118] If it is measured that the first system in the fourth quantum system is not a quantum bit "0", the process returns to operation (2) and starts execution until it is measured that the first system in the fourth quantum system is a quantum bit "0".

[0119] Step 305: The control device generates a second group of pulse signals and sends the second group of pulse signals to the quantum computer. The number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals is the same as the number of pulse signals included in the first group of pulse signals.

[0120] Optionally, the control device includes: Figure 5 The second quantum circuit shown, the control device generates a second group of pulse signals through the second quantum circuit.

[0121] In this step, the control device determines a first angle vector, which includes a spin angle corresponding to each quantum bit of the n quantum bits; determines a first density matrix based on the first angle vector and the second vector; and generates a first group of pulse signals through a second quantum circuit based on the first density matrix.

[0122] Optionally, the control device may randomly assign a spin angle to each of the n quantum bits to obtain a spin angle of each quantum bit, that is, a total of n spin angles are obtained, which are θ 11 ,θ 12 , ..., θ 1n , the n spin angles are combined into a first angle vector U(θ), ​​the first angle vector is U(θ)=[θ 11 θ 12 … θ 1n ].

[0123] The control device determines a first density matrix in is the first conjugate transposed vector of the first angle vector U(θ).

[0124] For the first conjugate transposed vector, first perform a transposition operation on the first angle vector U(θ) to obtain the first transposed vector U(θ) T , for the first transposed vector U(θ) T The complex number in , reverse the sign of the imaginary part of the complex number, and obtain the first conjugate transposed vector

[0125] Step 306: The quantum computer receives the second group of pulse signals, and under the action of the second group of pulse signals, adjusts the first quantum state to the second quantum state, and when the second quantum state is the target quantum state, executes the following step 307.

[0126] Optionally, the target quantum state is a superposition state of x first states, x is an integer greater than 1, and the probability distribution space of the target quantum state includes the probability of the quantum computer being in each of the x first states. For any first state of the x first states, the probability of the first state is the probability of the quantum computer being in the first state. The probability of each first state is used to describe the decomposition relationship between the first numerical value and the second numerical value of the reaction, and the x first states correspond to x measurement bases respectively.

[0127] The x first states are different from the x second states. For any one of the x first states, the first state corresponds to a measurement basis, and the first state is a state corresponding to the measurement basis. However, each of the x second states is not a state corresponding to the measurement basis.

[0128] The target quantum state is a quantum state that can be measured through the measurement basis.

[0129] Optionally, after adjusting the first quantum state to the second quantum state, the quantum computer sends a distance parameter to the control device, where the distance parameter is used to indicate the difference information between the second quantum state and the target quantum state, so that when the second quantum state is not the target quantum state, the control device continues to adjust the quantum state of the quantum computer until the quantum state of the quantum computer is adjusted to the target quantum state.

[0130] Optionally, the distance parameter includes a state distance parameter and a bit distance parameter. The state distance parameter is used to describe the difference between the second quantum state and the target quantum state, and the bit distance parameter is used to describe the distance difference between n quantum bits when the quantum computer is in the second quantum state and n quantum bits when the quantum computer is in the target quantum state.

[0131] The quantum computer includes a first function and a second function. After the quantum state of the quantum computer is adjusted to the second quantum state, the quantum device obtains a first density matrix, obtains a state distance parameter through the first function, and obtains a bit distance parameter through the second function, and sends the state distance parameter and the bit distance parameter to a control device.

[0132] The first function is:

[0133] in is the matrix obtained by performing the outer product operation on the second vector. Z(ρ dig ) is to set the non-left diagonal elements in the first density matrix to 0. For example, assuming that the first density matrix but Tr() is a trace operation, which is to sum the elements on the left diagonal of the matrix. dig ) 2) is the value of Z(ρ dig ) and then square the summed value. For example, for Tr(Z(ρ dig ) 2 ) is equal to summing the elements 1, 2, and 3 on the left diagonal to get the value 6, and then calculating the square of the value 6 to get the value 36.

[0134] The second function is:

[0135] The first density matrix includes a submatrix corresponding to each of the n quantum bits, Z j (ρ dig ) is to process the submatrix corresponding to the j-th quantum bit. The processing operation is to set the non-left diagonal elements in the submatrix to 0.

[0136] Optionally, the control device receives the distance parameter (state distance parameter and bit distance parameter) sent by the quantum computer, determines whether the second quantum state is the target quantum state according to the distance parameter, and continues to adjust the quantum state of the quantum computer when the second quantum state is not the target quantum state until the quantum state of the quantum computer is adjusted to the target quantum state. The implementation process is as follows:

[0137] 3061: The control device obtains a cost function value according to the distance parameter, where the cost function value is used to indicate the difference between the second quantum state and the target quantum state.

[0138] Optionally, the control device includes a cost function, and the control device can obtain a cost function value between the second quantum state and the first quantum state through the cost function.

[0139] Optionally, the cost function is C(θ)=qC 1 (U(θ))+(1-q)C 2 (U(θ)), where C(θ) is the cost function value between the third quantum state and the first quantum state, q is a specified parameter, usually q is a constant greater than 0 and less than 1, C 1 (U(θ)) is the state distance parameter, C 2 (U(θ)) is the bit distance parameter.

[0140] 3062: When the cost function value is not the minimum function value, the control device determines a second angle vector according to the cost function value and the first angle vector, and executes 3063.

[0141] Optionally, the control device needs to determine whether the cost function value is the minimum cost function value, and the determination process may be:

[0142] The control device determines whether the cost function value is less than the parameter threshold. If the cost function value is less than the parameter threshold, the statistical number is increased, and the statistical number is used to record the number of times that the cost function value less than the parameter threshold is obtained continuously. For example, assuming the statistical number is 5, it means that the cost function value less than the parameter threshold is obtained 5 times in a row. If the increased statistical number exceeds the number threshold, it is determined that the cost function value is the minimum function value. If the increased statistical number does not exceed the number threshold, it is determined that the cost function value is not the minimum cost function value.

[0143] Optionally, the control device uses an optimization algorithm to re-determine the second angle vector based on the cost function value and the first angle vector.

[0144] When the cost function value is the minimum function value, it indicates that the current quantum state of the quantum computer is the target quantum state, and the target quantum state is the quantum state represented by the first density matrix. The loop is exited and step 307 is executed.

[0145] 3063: The control device determines a second density matrix according to the second angle vector and the second vector.

[0146] The process of determining the second density matrix can refer to the process of determining the first density matrix, which will not be described in detail here.

[0147] 3064: The control device generates a third group of pulse signals according to the second density matrix, and sends the third group of pulse signals to the quantum computer. The number of pulse signals included in the third group of pulse signals is the same as the number of pulse signals included in the first group of pulse signals.

[0148] 3065: The quantum computer receives the third group of pulse signals. Under the action of the third group of pulse signals, the quantum computer adjusts the quantum state and sends a distance parameter to the control device. The distance parameter is used to indicate the difference information between the current quantum state of the quantum computer and the target quantum state, and executes 3061.

[0149] After receiving the distance parameter, the control device uses the second angle vector as the first angle vector and starts executing from operation 3061.

[0150] Step 307: The quantum computer processes the first value.

[0151] The target quantum state includes quantum states indicated by x measurement bases, and the x measurement bases include a first measurement base and a second measurement base. In this step, the control device sends a first measurement pulse signal to the quantum computer according to the first measurement base, and sends a second measurement pulse signal to the quantum computer according to the second measurement base. The quantum computer receives the first measurement pulse signal and the second measurement pulse signal, generates a first signal sequence based on the probability corresponding to the first measurement base under the action of the first measurement pulse signal, and generates a second signal sequence based on the probability corresponding to the second measurement base under the action of the second measurement pulse signal, and sends the first signal sequence and the second signal sequence to the control device. The control device processes the first numerical value according to the first signal sequence and the second signal sequence.

[0152] The control device obtains decomposition parameters for describing the decomposition relationship through a quantum computer according to at least two measurement bases in the x measurement bases. Then, the decomposition parameters are used to process the first value. The implementation process may include the following operations 3071 to 3073, which are respectively:

[0153] 3071: The control device measures a first probability that the quantum computer is in a first state according to a first measurement basis, where the first state is a state corresponding to the first measurement basis.

[0154] In this operation, the control device generates M first measurement pulse signals according to the first measurement basis, and sends M first measurement pulse signals to the quantum computer. The quantum computer generates M signal sequences based on the M first measurement pulse signals, where M is an integer greater than 1, wherein the quantum computer may generate the first signal sequence once or more, and transmit each generated signal sequence to the control device; for any generated signal sequence, if the signal sequence is the first signal sequence, it will be received by the control device. The control device counts the number of times the first signal sequence is received; and determines the first probability according to the number of times the first signal sequence is received and the value M.

[0155] 3072: The control device measures a second probability that the quantum computer is in a second state according to a second measurement basis, where the second state is a state corresponding to the second measurement basis.

[0156] In this operation, the control device generates K second measurement pulse signals according to the second measurement basis, sends K second measurement pulse signals to the quantum computer, and the quantum computer generates K signal sequences based on the K second measurement pulse signals, where K is an integer greater than 1, wherein the quantum computer may generate the second signal sequence once or more, and transmit each generated signal sequence to the control device; for any generated signal sequence, if the signal sequence is the second signal sequence, the second signal sequence will be received by the control device. The control device counts the number of times the second signal sequence is received; and determines the second probability according to the number of times the second signal sequence is received and the value M.

[0157] 3073: The control device determines a decomposition parameter according to the first probability and the second probability, and processes the first value according to the decomposition parameter.

[0158] Optionally, the control device may calculate the decomposition parameter by the following third formula;

[0159] The third formula is:

[0160] In the third formula, p(l 1 ) is the first probability, l 1 is the first measurement basis, p(l 2 ) is the second probability, l 2 is the second measurement basis, and r is the decomposition parameter.

[0161] Optionally, after obtaining the decomposition parameter, the control device decomposes the first value N according to the decomposition parameter r. In implementation: the control device determines the decomposition parameter r. If the decomposition parameter r is an even number and x r / 2 modN≠-1, then decompose the first numerical value into gcd(x r / 2 -1,N) and gcd(x r / 2 +1,N).

[0162] gcd() is a calculation to find the greatest common digit. Among them, gcd(A,B) means to calculate the largest integer that can divide both A and B. For example, gcd(8,12) means to calculate the largest integer that can divide both 8 and 12. The largest integer is 4, that is, gcd(8,12) = 4.

[0163] For example, assuming that the first value to be decomposed is 15, the second value x selected by the control device from the interval greater than 1 and less than the first value is 7. The control device obtains the decomposition parameter r through the above steps 302 to 305. Assuming that the obtained decomposition parameter r is 4, the control device calculates gcd(7 4 / 2 -1,15) = gcd(48,15) = 3, and gcd(7 4 / 2 +1, 15)=gcd(50, 15)=5, so the control device decomposes the first value 15 to be decomposed into the values ​​3 and 5.

[0164] Optional, if the decomposition parameter r is not even and / or x r / 2 If modN=-1, the control device further reselects an integer from the unselected integers included in the interval greater than 1 and less than the first value as the second value, and the control device obtains the decomposition parameter r through the above steps 302 to 307.

[0165] In an embodiment of the present application, the control device sends a first group of pulse signals to the quantum computer according to a unitary operation matrix, the unitary operation matrix is ​​used to describe the decomposition relationship between the first value and the second value, the first value is an integer to be decomposed, and the second value is less than the first value. The quantum computer adjusts the initial quantum state to the first quantum state according to the first group of pulse signals, the initial quantum state is used to indicate the state of n quantum bits in the quantum computer, and the first quantum state is used to describe the decomposition relationship. The control device sends a second group of pulse signals according to the difference information between the first quantum state and the target quantum state, and under the action of the second group of pulse signals, the quantum computer adjusts the first quantum state to the second quantum state; when the second quantum state is the target quantum state, the quantum computer processes the first value. Since the decomposition relationship between the first value and the second value is adjusted to the first quantum state, it is only necessary to adjust the quantum computer from the first quantum state to the target quantum state, and the first value is processed by the quantum computer in the target quantum state. Since the number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals used to adjust the quantum state of the quantum computer is equal to the number of pulse signals included in the first group of pulse signals. In this way, the depth of the quantum circuit used to generate the first group of pulse signals and the depth of the quantum circuit used to generate the second group of pulse signals remain unchanged. In this way, in the process of adjusting the quantum state of the quantum computer, the depth of the quantum circuit remains unchanged and the depth of the quantum circuit will not increase, thereby reducing the depth of the quantum circuit.

[0166] The embodiment of the present application provides a method for processing data. In the method, for the convenience of description, the integer N to be decomposed is called a first value, and the first value is greater than 1. Figure 6 , the decomposition process of the first value can be:

[0167] (1): Determine the parity of the first value N. When the first value N is an even number, perform operation (2). When the first value N is an odd number, perform operation (3).

[0168] (2): Decompose the first value N into 2 and N / 2, and then return. In this way, the first value N is decomposed into 2 and N / 2.

[0169] (3): Determine whether there are two integers a and b greater than 1 such that N = a b , if it exists, perform operation (4); if it does not exist, perform operation (5).

[0170] (4): Decompose the first value N into a and N / a, and then return. In this way, the first value N is decomposed into a and N / a.

[0171] (5): Select an integer x from the interval greater than 1 and less than the first value. For the sake of convenience, the integer x is called the second value.

[0172] (6): Calculate the greatest common divisor c between the second value x and the first value N.

[0173] (7): Determine the greatest common divisor c. If the greatest common divisor c is an integer greater than 1, perform operation (8). If the greatest common divisor c is not an integer greater than 1, perform operation (9).

[0174] (8): Decompose the first value into c and N / c, and then return. In this way, the first value N is decomposed into c and N / c.

[0175] (9): Get the decomposition parameter r, r satisfies x r modN=1, mod is the modulo operation.

[0176] Optionally, you can press the Figure 3 The illustrated embodiment obtains the decomposition parameter r.

[0177] (10): Determine the decomposition parameter r. If the decomposition parameter r is an even number and x r / 2 modN≠-1, then perform operation (11). If the decomposition parameter r obtained is not an even number and / or x r / 2 If modN=-1, then execute operation (12).

[0178] (11): Decompose the first value based on the decomposition parameter r, and end and return.

[0179] (12): Reselect an integer from the unselected integers included in the interval as the second value x, and return to the above operation (6) to continue execution.

[0180] See also Figure 7 The present application embodiment provides a quantum computing device 700, which can be deployed in the above Figure 1 or Figure 3 The quantum computer in the illustrated embodiment includes:

[0181] A receiving unit 701 is used to receive a first group of pulse signals, wherein the first group of pulse signals are pulse signals sent according to a unitary operation matrix, wherein the unitary operation matrix is ​​used to describe a decomposition relationship between a first value and a second value, the first value is an integer to be decomposed, and the second value is less than the first value;

[0182] A processing unit 702 is used to adjust the initial quantum state to a first quantum state according to the first group of pulse signals, wherein the initial quantum state is used to indicate the state of n quantum bits in the quantum computing device 700, n is an integer greater than 1, n=logN, and the first quantum state is used to describe the decomposition relationship, and N is the first value;

[0183] The receiving unit 701 is further used to receive a second group of pulse signals, where the second group of pulse signals is a pulse signal sent according to the difference information between the first quantum state and the target quantum state, and the number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals is equal to the number of pulse signals included in the first group of pulse signals;

[0184] The processing unit 702 is further configured to adjust the first quantum state to a second quantum state under the action of the second group of pulse signals; and process the first value when the second quantum state is the target quantum state.

[0185] Optionally, the detailed implementation process of the processing unit 702 adjusting the quantum state of the quantum computer is as follows: Figure 3 The relevant contents in steps 305 and 306 in the illustrated embodiment will not be described in detail here. And,

[0186] For detailed implementation of the processing unit 702 processing the first value, see Figure 3 The relevant contents in step 307 in the illustrated embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0187] Optionally, the quantum computing device 700 further includes: a first sending unit 703,

[0188] A first sending unit is used to send a distance parameter when the second quantum state is not the target quantum state, where the distance parameter is used to indicate difference information between the second quantum state and the target quantum state;

[0189] The receiving unit 701 is further configured to receive a third group of pulse signals, where the third group of pulse signals is a pulse signal sent according to the distance parameter, and the number of pulse signals included in the third group of pulse signals is equal to the number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals;

[0190] The processing unit 702 is further used to continue adjusting the state of the quantum computing device 700 under the action of the third group of pulse signals.

[0191] Optionally, for a detailed implementation process of the first sending unit 703 sending the distance parameter, see Figure 3 The relevant contents in step 306 in the illustrated embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0192] Optionally, the initial quantum state includes n quantum bits, wherein the state indicated by each quantum bit from the 1st to the n-1th quantum bits is "0", and the state indicated by the nth quantum bit is "1".

[0193] Optionally, the unitary operation matrix satisfies the conditions shown in the following first formula:

[0194] The first formula is: x,N |k>=|xk mod N>;

[0195] In the first formula, k is a vector including n quantum bits, x is a second value, and U x,N is the unitary operation matrix, and mod is the modulo operation.

[0196] Optionally, the target quantum state includes quantum states indicated by multiple measurement bases, the multiple measurement bases including a first measurement base and a second measurement base,

[0197] The receiving unit 701 is further configured to receive a first measurement pulse signal and a second measurement pulse signal, wherein the first measurement pulse signal is a pulse signal sent according to a first measurement basis, and the second measurement pulse signal is a pulse signal sent according to a second measurement basis;

[0198] The processing unit 702 is further configured to generate a first signal sequence based on a probability corresponding to a first measurement basis under the action of the first measurement pulse signal, and to generate a second signal sequence based on a probability corresponding to a second measurement basis under the action of the second measurement pulse signal;

[0199] Optionally, the quantum computing device 700 further includes: a second sending unit 704,

[0200] The second sending unit 704 is configured to send a first signal sequence and a second signal sequence, where the first signal sequence and the second signal sequence are used to process a first value.

[0201] Optionally, the processing unit 702 generates the first signal sequence, and the detailed implementation process of generating the second signal sequence, see Figure 3 The relevant contents in steps 3071 to 3073 in the illustrated embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0202] In an embodiment of the present application, a unitary operation matrix is ​​used to describe the decomposition relationship between a first numerical value and a second numerical value, and a quantum computer adjusts an initial quantum state to a first quantum state including the decomposition relationship based on a first group of pulse signals corresponding to the unitary operation matrix; then the quantum computer only needs to adjust the first quantum state according to the second group of pulse signals until the quantum state is adjusted to the target quantum state, and then the first numerical value is processed. In the process of adjusting the quantum state, the number of pulse signals in the second group of pulse signals required by the quantum computer is the same as the number of pulse signals in the first group of pulse signals, so the depth of the quantum circuit used to generate the first group of pulse signals and the depth of the quantum circuit used to generate the second group of pulse signals remain unchanged. In other words, in the process of adjusting the quantum state, the depth of the quantum circuit will not continue to increase exponentially, thereby reducing the depth of the quantum circuit.

[0203] See also Figure 8, an embodiment of the present application provides a schematic diagram of a quantum computing device 800. The quantum computing device 800 may be a quantum computer in any of the above embodiments. The quantum computing device 800 includes at least one quantum processor 801, a quantum bus system 802, a quantum memory 803, and at least one quantum transceiver 804.

[0204] The quantum computing device 800 is a hardware structure device that can be used to implement Figure 7 The functional modules in the quantum computing device 700 are as follows. For example, a person skilled in the art may think of Figure 7 The processing unit 802 in the quantum computing device 700 shown can be implemented by calling the code in the quantum memory 803 by the at least one quantum processor 801. Figure 7 The receiving unit 801 , the first sending unit 703 , and the second sending unit 704 in the quantum computing device 700 shown can be implemented by the quantum transceiver 804 .

[0205] The quantum bus system 802 may include a channel to transmit information between the components.

[0206] The quantum transceiver 804 is used to communicate with a classical computer and can be used to receive pulse signals or send signal sequences.

[0207] The quantum memory 803 is used to store the application code for executing the solution of the present application, and the execution is controlled by the quantum processor 801. The quantum processor 801 is used to store quantum bits in the quantum memory 803, and to operate the quantum bits by executing the application code stored in the quantum memory 803, thereby realizing the functions in the method of the present patent.

[0208] In a specific implementation, as an embodiment, the device 800 may include multiple quantum processors, such as Figure 8 801 and 807 in the quantum processor. A quantum processor herein may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores for processing data (eg, computer program instructions).

[0209] A person skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps to implement the above embodiments may be accomplished by hardware or by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a disk or an optical disk, etc.

[0210] The above description is only an optional embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of data processing, It is characterized in that The method comprises: The quantum computer receives a first group of pulse signals, wherein the first group of pulse signals are pulse signals sent according to a unitary operation matrix, wherein the unitary operation matrix is ​​used to describe a decomposition relationship between a first value and a second value, the first value is an integer to be decomposed, and the second value is less than the first value; The quantum computer adjusts the initial quantum state to a first quantum state according to the first group of pulse signals, wherein the initial quantum state is used to indicate the state of n quantum bits in the quantum computer, where n is an integer greater than 1, n=logN, and the first quantum state is used to describe the decomposition relationship, where N is the first value; The quantum computer receives a second group of pulse signals, where the second group of pulse signals is a pulse signal sent according to difference information between the first quantum state and a target quantum state, and the number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals is equal to the number of pulse signals included in the first group of pulse signals; Under the action of the second group of pulse signals, the quantum computer adjusts the first quantum state to a second quantum state; When the second quantum state is a target quantum state, the quantum computer processes the first value.

2. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The method further comprises: In a case where the second quantum state is not the target quantum state, the quantum computer sends a distance parameter, where the distance parameter is used to indicate difference information between the second quantum state and the target quantum state; The quantum computer receives a third group of pulse signals, where the third group of pulse signals is a pulse signal sent according to the distance parameter, and the number of pulse signals included in the third group of pulse signals is equal to the number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals; Under the action of the third group of pulse signals, the quantum computer continues to adjust the state of the quantum computer.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that The initial quantum state includes the n quantum bits, wherein the state indicated by each quantum bit from the 1st to the n-1th quantum bits is "0", and the state indicated by the nth quantum bit is "1".

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that The unitary operation matrix satisfies the conditions shown in the following first formula: The first formula is: ; In the first formula, is a vector including the n quantum bits, is the second value, is the unitary operation matrix, It is a modulo operation.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that The target quantum state includes quantum states indicated by a plurality of measurement bases, the plurality of measurement bases including a first measurement base and a second measurement base, and the method further includes: The quantum computer receives a first measurement pulse signal and a second measurement pulse signal, wherein the first measurement pulse signal is a pulse signal sent according to the first measurement basis, and the second measurement pulse signal is a pulse signal sent according to the second measurement basis; The quantum computer processes the first value, including: The quantum computer generates a first signal sequence based on the probability corresponding to the first measurement basis under the action of the first measurement pulse signal, and generates a second signal sequence based on the probability corresponding to the second measurement basis under the action of the second measurement pulse signal; The quantum computer sends the first signal sequence and the second signal sequence, and the first signal sequence and the second signal sequence are used to process the first value.

6. A quantum computing device, It is characterized in that The device comprises: A receiving unit, configured to receive a first group of pulse signals, wherein the first group of pulse signals are pulse signals sent according to a unitary operation matrix, wherein the unitary operation matrix is ​​used to describe a decomposition relationship between a first value and a second value, the first value is an integer to be decomposed, and the second value is less than the first value; a processing unit, configured to adjust an initial quantum state to a first quantum state according to the first group of pulse signals, wherein the initial quantum state is used to indicate states of n quantum bits in the device, where n is an integer greater than 1, n=logN, and the first quantum state is used to describe the decomposition relationship, where N is the first value; The receiving unit is further used to receive a second group of pulse signals, where the second group of pulse signals is a pulse signal sent according to the difference information between the first quantum state and the target quantum state, and the number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals is equal to the number of pulse signals included in the first group of pulse signals; The processing unit is further used to adjust the first quantum state to a second quantum state under the action of the second group of pulse signals; and process the first numerical value when the second quantum state is the target quantum state.

7. The quantum computing device according to claim 6, It is characterized in that Also includes: A first sending unit is used to send a distance parameter when the second quantum state is not the target quantum state, where the distance parameter is used to indicate difference information between the second quantum state and the target quantum state; The receiving unit is further used to receive a third group of pulse signals, where the third pulse signals are pulse signals sent according to the distance parameter, and the number of pulse signals included in the third group of pulse signals is equal to the number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals; The processing unit is further used to continue adjusting the state of the quantum computing device under the action of the third group of pulse signals.

8. A quantum computing device as claimed in claim 6 or 7, It is characterized in that The initial quantum state includes the n quantum bits, wherein the state indicated by each quantum bit from the 1st to the n-1th quantum bits is "0", and the state indicated by the nth quantum bit is "1".

9. The quantum computing device according to claim 6 or 7, It is characterized in that The unitary operation matrix satisfies the conditions shown in the following first formula: The first formula is: ; In the first formula, is a vector including the n qubits, is the second value, is the unitary operation matrix, It is a modulo operation.

10. The quantum computing device according to claim 6 or 7, It is characterized in that The target quantum state includes quantum states indicated by a plurality of measurement bases, wherein the plurality of measurement bases include a first measurement base and a second measurement base, The receiving unit is further configured to receive a first measurement pulse signal and a second measurement pulse signal, wherein the first measurement pulse signal is a pulse signal sent according to the first measurement base, and the second measurement pulse signal is a pulse signal sent according to the second measurement base; The processing unit is further configured to generate a first signal sequence based on a probability corresponding to a first measurement basis under the action of the first measurement pulse signal, and to generate a second signal sequence based on a probability corresponding to a second measurement basis under the action of the second measurement pulse signal; The quantum computing device further comprises: The second sending unit is used to send the first signal sequence and the second signal sequence, where the first signal sequence and the second signal sequence are used to process the first value.

11. A data processing system, It is characterized in that The system comprises: a control device and a quantum computer; The control device is used to send a first group of pulse signals to the quantum computer according to a unitary operation matrix, wherein the unitary operation matrix is ​​used to describe a decomposition relationship between a first value and a second value, the first value is an integer to be decomposed, and the second value is smaller than the first value; The quantum computer is used to adjust the initial quantum state to a first quantum state according to the first group of pulse signals, wherein the initial quantum state is used to indicate the state of n quantum bits in the quantum computer, n is an integer greater than 1, n=logN, and the first quantum state is used to describe the decomposition relationship, and N is the first value; The control device is further used to send a second group of pulse signals to the quantum computer according to the difference information between the first quantum state and the target quantum state, wherein the number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals is equal to the number of pulse signals included in the first group of pulse signals; The quantum computer is further used to adjust the first quantum state to a second quantum state under the action of the second group of pulse signals; and process the first numerical value when the second quantum state is the target quantum state.

12. The system according to claim 11, It is characterized in that The quantum computer is further configured to send a distance parameter when the second quantum state is not the target quantum state, wherein the distance parameter is used to indicate difference information between the second quantum state and the target quantum state; The control device is further used to send a third group of pulse signals according to the distance parameter, and the number of pulse signals included in the third group of pulse signals is equal to the number of pulse signals included in the second group of pulse signals; Under the action of the third group of pulse signals, the quantum computer is also used to continue adjusting the state of the quantum computer.

13. The system according to claim 11 or 12, It is characterized in that The control device is further used to determine a unitary operation matrix according to the first value, the second value and the first vector by the following first formula, wherein the first vector is a vector including the n quantum bits; The first formula is: ; In the first formula, is the first vector, is the second value, is the unitary operation matrix, It is a modulo operation.

14. The system according to claim 11 or 12, It is characterized in that The target quantum state includes quantum states indicated by a plurality of measurement bases, the plurality of measurement bases including a first measurement base and a second measurement base; The control device is further configured to send a first measurement pulse signal to the quantum computer according to the first measurement basis, and send a second measurement pulse signal to the quantum computer according to the second measurement basis; The quantum computer is further configured to generate a first signal sequence based on the probability corresponding to the first measurement basis under the action of the first measurement pulse signal, and to generate a second signal sequence based on the probability corresponding to the second measurement basis under the action of the second measurement pulse signal, and to send the first signal sequence and the second signal sequence to the control device; The control device is used to process the first value according to the first signal sequence and the second signal sequence.

15. The system according to claim 11 or 12, It is characterized in that The initial quantum state includes the n quantum bits, wherein the state indicated by each quantum bit from the 1st to the n-1th quantum bits is "0", and the state indicated by the nth quantum bit is "1".

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