Light-emitting device including condensed ring compound and electronic device including the same

Abstract

A light-emitting device comprising a fused-ring compound represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2 is provided, as well as an electronic device comprising the light-emitting device. The light-emitting device comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an interlayer between the first and second electrodes, comprising an emission layer, wherein the interlayer further comprises a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer, the hole transport region comprising a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof, and the emission layer comprising at least one fused-ring compound represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2. Formula 1-1 Formula 1-2

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and benefit to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0064605, filed on May 28, 2020, with the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] One or more embodiments of this disclosure relate to a light-emitting device comprising a fused ring compound and an electronic device comprising the light-emitting device. Background Technology

[0004] Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emitting devices that, compared with other devices in the prior art, have wide viewing angles, high contrast, short response times, and superior characteristics in terms of brightness, driving voltage, and response speed.

[0005] An OLED may include a first electrode on a substrate and a hole transport region, an emitter layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode sequentially stacked on the first electrode. Holes supplied from the first electrode can move towards the emitter layer through the hole transport region, and electrons supplied from the second electrode can move towards the emitter layer through the electron transport region. Charge carriers (such as holes and electrons) recombine in the emitter layer to generate excitons. These excitons transition (or relax) from excited states to the ground state, thereby generating light. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One or more embodiments of this disclosure include a light-emitting device comprising a fused ring compound and an electronic device comprising the light-emitting device.

[0007] Further aspects of the implementation will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the implementations presented in this disclosure.

[0008] According to one or more embodiments, the light-emitting device includes: a first electrode,

[0009] The second electrode facing the first electrode, and

[0010] An interlayer comprising an emission layer is placed between the first and second electrodes.

[0011] The interlayer further includes a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emitter layer.

[0012] The hole transport region includes the compound represented by Formula 201, the compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof, and

[0013] The emitter layer comprises at least one fused-ring compound represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2:

[0014] Equation 1-1

[0015]

[0016] Formula 1-2

[0017]

[0018] Formula 201

[0019]

[0020] Formula 202

[0021]

[0022] Among them, in Equations 1-1 and 1-2,

[0023] A1 is *-(CR) 1a R 1b ) m1 -*',

[0024] A2 is *-(CR) 2a R 2b ) m2 -*',

[0025] A3 is *-(CR) 3a R 3b ) m3 -*',

[0026] A4 is *-(CR) 4a R 4b ) m4 -*',

[0027] m1 to m4 are each an independent integer selected from 1 to 3.

[0028] * and *' each indicate the binding site with the adjacent atom.

[0029] X1 is O, S, Se, or N (Z) 1a ),

[0030] X2 is O, S, Se, or N (Z) 2a ),

[0031] X3 is O, S, Se, or N (Z) 3a ),

[0032] X4 is O, S, Se, or N (Z) 4a ),

[0033] R1 to R5, R 1a To R 4a R 1bTo R 4b and Z 1a To Z 4a Each of the following groups is independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Arylthioyl, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2),

[0034] d3 and d4 are each independent integers selected from 1 to 4.

[0035] d5 is an integer selected from 1 to 3.

[0036] Selected from R1 to R5, R 1a To R 4a R 1b To R 4b and Z 1a To Z 4a Two or more groups in the form are optionally linked together to form an unsubstituted or R-shaped compound. 10a Replacement C5-C 30 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C2-C 30 Heterocyclic group,

[0037] R 10a for:

[0038] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro,

[0039] Each of the following C1-C that was not replaced or was replaced by:60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl or C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthioyl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof,

[0040] Each of the following C3-Cs was not replaced or was replaced by the others 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy or C6-C 60 Aryl thiols: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthioyl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof, or

[0041] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33-N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),and

[0042] Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each of the following can be represented independently: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; C1-C 60 Alkyl; C2-C 60 Alkenyl; C2-C 60 Alkyne group; C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups; or each group is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C. 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C3-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0043] Among them, in equations 201 and 202,

[0044] L 201 To L 204 Each is independent as unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0045] L 205 For *-O-*', *-S-*', *-N(Q) 201 )-*', unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkylene, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 20 alkenyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0046] * and *' each indicate the binding site with the adjacent atom.

[0047] xa1 to xa4 are each an independent integer selected from 0 to 5.

[0048] xa5 is an integer selected from 1 to 10.

[0049] R 201 To R 204 and Q 201 Each is independent as unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0050] R 201 and R 202 Optionally (e.g., via a single bond, unsubstituted, or by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a The substituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups are linked together to form an unsubstituted or substituted compound with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups,

[0051] R 203 and R 204 Optionally (e.g., via a single bond, unsubstituted, or by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a The substituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups are linked together to form an unsubstituted or substituted compound with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups, and

[0052] na1 is an integer selected from 1 to 4.

[0053] According to one or more embodiments, the light-emitting device includes: a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an interlayer comprising an emitting layer between the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0054] The light-emitting device further includes a second capping layer outside the second electrode and having a refractive index equal to or greater than 1.6, and

[0055] The emission layer includes at least one fused ring compound represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2.

[0056] According to one or more embodiments, in addition to the light-emitting device, the electronic device also includes a thin-film transistor, wherein the thin-film transistor includes a source electrode and a drain electrode, and a first electrode of the light-emitting device is electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode of the thin-film transistor. Attached Figure Description

[0057] The above and other aspects and features of certain embodiments of this disclosure will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0058] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

[0059] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device according to another embodiment; and

[0060] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device according to another embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0061] Reference will now be made in more detail to embodiments, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals refer to the same elements throughout. In this regard, embodiments may take different forms and should not be construed as limited to the description set forth herein. Therefore, embodiments are described below with reference to the drawings only to explain aspects of the embodiments described herein. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Throughout this disclosure, the expression “at least one of a, b, and c” means only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof.

[0062] Embodiments of this disclosure provide fused-ring compounds represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2:

[0063] Equation 1-1

[0064]

[0065] Formula 1-2

[0066] .

[0067] In Equations 1-1 and 1-2, A1 can be *-(CR) 1a R 1b ) m1 -*',

[0068] A2 can be *-(CR) 2a R 2b ) m2 -*',

[0069] A3 can be *-(CR) 3a R 3b ) m3 -*',and

[0070] A4 can be *-(CR) 4a R 4b ) m4 -*'.

[0071] In the implementation, m1 to m4 can each be an integer selected from 1 to 3 independently.

[0072] In the implementation, m1 indicates *-(CR) 1a R 1b The number of related connections ()-*'

[0073] When m1 is 2 or greater, multiple *-(CR) 1a R 1b Each of the characters in '-*' can be the same as or different from each other.

[0074] m2 indicator and *-(CR) 2a R 2b The number of related connections ()-*'

[0075] When m2 is 2 or greater, multiple *-(CR) 2a R 2b Each of the characters in '-*' can be the same as or different from each other.

[0076] m3 indicator and *-(CR) 3a R 3b The number of related connections ()-*'

[0077] When m3 is 2 or greater, multiple *-(CR) 3a R 3b Each of the characters in '-*' can be the same as or different from each other.

[0078] m4 indicator and *-(CR) 4a R 4b The number of related connections ()-*'

[0079] When m4 is 2 or greater, multiple *-(CR) 4a R 4b Each of the characters in '-*' can be the same as or different from each other, and

[0080] * and *' each indicate the binding site with the adjacent atom.

[0081] In one or more embodiments, m1 to m4 may each be 2 or 3 independently.

[0082] In one or more embodiments, m1 to m4 may each be 3 independently.

[0083] In Equations 1-1 and 1-2, X1 can be O, S, Se, or N (Z). 1a ),

[0084] X2 can be O, S, Se, or N (Z) 2a ),

[0085] X3 can be O, S, Se, or N (Z) 3a ),and

[0086] X4 can be O, S, Se, or N (Z) 4a ).

[0087] In the implementation, the fused ring compound may satisfy any one of conditions 1 to 4:

[0088] Condition 1

[0089] X1 is NR1

[0090] Condition 2

[0091] X2 is NR2

[0092] Condition 3

[0093] X3 is NR3

[0094] Condition 4

[0095] X4 is NR4.

[0096] In conditions 1 to 4, R1 to R5, R 1a To R 4a R 1b To R 4b and Z 1a To Z 4a Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60Heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Arylthio, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2).

[0097] In Equations 1-1 and 1-2, d3 and d4 can each be independently integers selected from 1 to 4, and

[0098] d5 can be an integer selected from 1 to 3.

[0099] In the implementation, d5 can be 1.

[0100] In the implementation, d3 can be 1 and / or d4 can be 1.

[0101] In the implementation method, R1 to R5, R 1a To R 4a R 1b To R 4b and Z 1a To Z 4a Two or more groups may optionally be linked together to form an unsubstituted or R-type compound. 10a Replacement C5-C 30 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C2-C 30 Heterocyclic group,

[0102] Where R 10a Possible forms:

[0103] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro;

[0104] Each of the following C1-C that was not replaced or was replaced by: 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl or C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthioyl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q)11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof;

[0105] Each of the following C3-Cs was not replaced or was replaced by the others 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy or C6-C 60 Aryl thiols: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthioyl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof; or

[0106] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),and

[0107] Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently represented as: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; C1-C 60 Alkyl; C2-C 60 Alkenyl; C2-C 60 Alkyne group; C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups; or each group is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C. 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C3-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0108] In the implementation method, R1 to R5, R 1a To R 4a R 1b To R 4b and Z 1a To Z 4a Each can be selected independently from:

[0109] Hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl and C1-C 20 Alkoxy;

[0110] Each is selected from at least one of the following C1-C substituted. 20 Alkyl and C1-C 20 Alkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, -CF3, -CF2H, -CFH2, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 10 Alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, norbornyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, and pyrimidinyl;

[0111] Each of the following is substituted with at least one of the following: cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, norbornenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, C1-C 10Alkylphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranthyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, pyrrolyl, thiophene, furanyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazole, purine, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinolinyl, carbazole, phenanthrylolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, benzoisothiazolyl, benzoxazole alkyl, benzoisoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, azacarbazolyl, azadibenzofuranyl, azadibenzothiophenyl, azafluorenyl and azadibenzothiophenyl: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, -CF3, -CF2H, -CFH2, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazyl, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, norbornyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, C1-C 10 Alkylphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranthyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, isoindole, indole, indazole, purine, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinolinyl, carbazole, phenanthryl Polylyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, benzocarbazoleyl, dibenzocarbazoleyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, azacarbazoleyl, azadibenzofuranyl, azadibenzothiophenyl, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiophenyl, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -P(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 );as well as

[0112] -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) and -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), and

[0113] Q1 to Q3 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be selected independently from:

[0114] -CH3, -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, -CH2CH3, -CH2CD3, -CH2CD2H, -CH2CDH2, -CHDCH3, -CHDCD2H, -CHDCDH2, -CHDCD3, -CD2CD3, -CD2CD2H and -CD2CDH2; and

[0115] Each of the following is either unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of the following: n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, tert-pentyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazinyl, and triazinyl: deuterium, C1-C 10 Alkyl, phenyl, biphenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, and triazinyl.

[0116] In one or more embodiments, R1 to R5, R 1a To R 4a R 1b To R 4b and Z 1a To Z 4a Each can be selected independently from:

[0117] Hydrogen, deuterium, C1-C 20 Alkyl and C1-C 20 Alkoxy;

[0118] Each is selected from at least one of the following C1-C substituted. 20 Alkyl and C1-C 20 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, C1-C 10 Alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, norbornyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, phenyl, biphenyl and naphthyl;

[0119] Each of the following is either unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of the following: cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornel, norbornenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, C1-C 10Alkylphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazole, purinyl, carbazole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole and dibenzocarbazole: deuterium, -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, norbornyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, C1-C 10 Alkylphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranthyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazole, purine, carbazole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, dibenzocarbazole, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 ) and -B(Q 31 (Q) 32 );as well as

[0120] -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2) and -B(Q1)(Q2), and

[0121] Q1 to Q3 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be selected independently from:

[0122] -CH3, -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, -CH2CH3, -CH2CD3, -CH2CD2H, -CH2CDH2, -CHDCH3, -CHDCD2H, -CHDCDH2, -CHDCD3, -CD2CD3, -CD2CD2H and -CD2CDH2; and

[0123] Unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of the following: n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, tert-pentyl, phenyl, and naphthyl; deuterium, C1-C 10 Alkyl, phenyl, and biphenyl.

[0124] In the implementation, R5 can be -N(Q1)(Q2), and

[0125] Q1 and Q2 can be independently selected from: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; amidine; hydrazine; hydrazone; C1-C 60 Alkyl; C2-C 60 Alkenyl; C2-C 60 Alkyne group; C1-C 60 Alkoxy group; C3-C 10 cycloalkyl; C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl; C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl; C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl; C6-C 60 Aryl; C1-C 60 Heteroaryl; monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group; monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic group; C1-C substituted with at least one of deuterium, -F and cyano. 60 Alkyl group; C6-C substituted with at least one group selected from deuterium, -F and cyano. 60 Aryl; biphenyl; and terphenyl.

[0126] In the implementation, R1 and R2 can each be hydrogen or deuterium.

[0127] In the implementation, R3 and R4 may each be non-hydrogen;

[0128] R3 can be hydrogen, and R4 can be non-hydrogen;

[0129] R4 can be hydrogen, and R3 can be non-hydrogen; or

[0130] R3 and R4 can each be hydrogen.

[0131] In the implementation, X1 can be N(R) 11 ),and

[0132] R 11 R1 and R2 can be connected to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted pair, or a pair consisting of at least one R1. 20a Replacement C5-C 30 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 20a Replacement C2-C 30 Heterocyclic group.

[0133] In the implementation, X1 can be N(R) 11 ),and

[0134] R 11 R1 and R2 can be connected to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted pair, or a pair consisting of at least one R1. 20a Replacement C5-C 30 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 20a Replacement C2-C 30 Heterocyclic groups; and

[0135] X3 can be N(R) 13 ),and

[0136] R 13 R3 and R3 can be connected to each other to form an unsubstituted or substituted compound, or a compound formed by at least one R. 30a Replacement C5-C 30 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 30a Replacement C2-C 30 Heterocyclic group.

[0137] R 20a and R 30a Each can combine with R 10a The descriptions are the same.

[0138] In embodiments, the fused-ring compound represented by formula 1-1 or formula 1-2 may be represented by one of formulas 2-1 to 2-8 and formulas 2-11 to 2-18:

[0139]

[0140]

[0141]

[0142]

[0143]

[0144]

[0145]

[0146] .

[0147] In Equations 2-1 to 2-8 and Equations 2-11 to 2-18, A1, A2, X1 to X4, R1 to R4, d3, and d4 can each be the same as those described above, and R6 can be combined with R... 10a The description is the same, d6 can be an integer selected from 0 to 12, and R 51 To R 53 Each can be the same as described in combination with R5, where R 51 To R 53 Each of them may not be hydrogen.

[0148] In embodiments, the fused-ring compound represented by formula 1-1 or formula 1-2 may be represented by one of formulas 3-1 to 3-18 and formulas 3-21 to 3-38:

[0149]

[0150]

[0151]

[0152]

[0153]

[0154]

[0155]

[0156]

[0157]

[0158]

[0159]

[0160]

[0161]

[0162]

[0163]

[0164]

[0165]

[0166] .

[0167] In equations 3-1 to 3-18 and 3-21 to 3-38, A1 to A4, X1 to X4, and R1 to R5 can each be the same as described above, and R6 and R7 can each be combined with R 10a The description is the same, d5 can be an integer selected from 1 to 3, d6 and d7 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 12 independently, and R3 and R4 can each be non-hydrogen.

[0168] In embodiments, fused-ring compounds represented by formula 1-1 or formula 1-2 may be represented by formula 1-11 or formula 1-12:

[0169] Formula 1-11

[0170]

[0171] Formula 1-12

[0172] .

[0173] In Equations 1-11 and 1-12, X1 to X4, R1 to R5, and d3 to d7 can each be the same as described above, and R6 and R7 can each be combined with R 10a The descriptions are the same.

[0174] In the implementation, Equations 1-1 and 1-2 are composed of... The part to be represented can be one of equations 4-1 to 4-10:

[0175]

[0176]

[0177]

[0178]

[0179] .

[0180] In equations 4-1 to 4-10, X1, X3, R3, and d3 can each be the same as those described above, and R 61 To R 72 Each can combine with R 10a The descriptions are the same, where R 61 To R 72 Each of them may not be hydrogen, and

[0181] * and *' each indicate the binding site with the adjacent atom.

[0182] In embodiments, the fused-ring compound may be selected from compounds 1 to 46, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0183] .

[0184] Fused ring compounds represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2 may have a broad plate-like structure including two boron atoms and a structure including amines cyclized with the julolidine structure.

[0185] Because fused-ring compounds possess this broad, plate-like structure including two boron atoms, multiple resonances can be further activated by this plate-like structure, allowing for expanded electron delocalization and increased polarizability within the molecule (e.g., in fused-ring compounds), thereby further increasing the f-value of the fused-ring compound. In this regard, fused-ring compounds can be used as highly efficient materials for delayed fluorescence. Furthermore, the skeleton of fused-ring compounds includes substituents of fused-to-heterocyclic rings, resulting in fewer CN bonds that will rotate freely among the unfused substituents. Therefore, the molecule may be more rigid in terms of bond dissociation energy (BDE) than compounds with fused-to-heterocyclic rings without CN bonds and may be electron-rich, thus complementing or reducing the chemical instability of fused-ring compounds, which would otherwise be a weakness due to the lack of electrons in the boron atoms.

[0186] Furthermore, fused-ring compounds represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2 may have a structure comprising an amine cyclized with a juulonidin skeleton on at least one side of the core, and thus possess strong BDE to enhance the electron-donating properties of the fused-ring compound. Consequently, the multiple resonance of the fused-ring compound can be further increased, thereby enhancing the delayed fluorescence properties of the fused-ring compound.

[0187] Furthermore, the f-value of fused-ring compounds can be increased accordingly, and ΔE ST This can be further reduced, and therefore, the improved delayed fluorescence properties of fused-ring compounds can be enhanced. Due to the presence of the julonidine amine group as a strong electron donor, the molecular binding energy of the boron-carbon bond can be enhanced by increasing the electron density in the molecule (e.g., in fused-ring compounds).

[0188] Furthermore, the cyclized julonidine amine group with high molecular binding energy replaces the existing weak CN bond, thereby increasing the chemical stability of the material (e.g., fused-ring compounds). By fused and bonded amine groups that would otherwise rotate freely, the Stokes shift of fused-ring compounds can be reduced, thus achieving the effect of extending the absorption wavelength band (e.g., extending the absorption wavelength band as much as possible). This effect is beneficial in terms of stability because, when selecting the host material, a host emitting light with a long wavelength can be chosen.

[0189] Those skilled in the art can identify the methods for synthesizing fused-ring compounds represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2 through the reference examples provided below.

[0190] At least one of the fused-ring compounds represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2 can be used in light-emitting devices (e.g., organic light-emitting devices).

[0191] Another aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure provides a light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode, including an emitting layer, wherein the interlayer further includes a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emitting layer, the hole transport region comprising a compound represented by formula 201, a compound represented by formula 202, or any combination thereof, and the emitting layer comprising at least one of such fused-ring compounds represented by formula 1-1 or formula 1-2.

[0192] Formula 201

[0193]

[0194] Formula 202

[0195] .

[0196] In equations 201 and 202,

[0197] L 201 To L 204 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0198] L 205 It can be *-O-*', *-S-*', or *-N(Q) 201 )-*', unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkylene, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 20 alkenyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0199] xa1 to xa4 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 5 independently.

[0200] xa5 can be an integer selected from 1 to 10.

[0201] R 201 To R 204 and Q 201 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0202] R 201 and R 202 Optionally via a single bond, unsubstituted, or by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a The substituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups are linked together to form an unsubstituted or substituted compound with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups,

[0203] R 203 and R 204 Optionally via a single bond, unsubstituted, or by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a The substituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups are linked together to form an unsubstituted or substituted compound with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups, and

[0204] na1 can be an integer selected from 1 to 4.

[0205] In one or more embodiments,

[0206] The first electrode of the light-emitting device can be the anode.

[0207] The second electrode of the light-emitting device can be a cathode.

[0208] The interlayer may further include an electron transport region between the emitter layer and the second electrode.

[0209] The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission assist layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof, and

[0210] The electron transport region may include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0211] In one or more embodiments, the emitting layer included in the interlayer of the light-emitting device may include a dopant and a host, and the dopant may include a fused-ring compound. For example, a fused-ring compound may be used as a dopant.

[0212] The emitting layer may emit red, green, blue, and / or white light. For example, the emitting layer may emit blue or turquoise light. The blue or turquoise light may have, for example, a maximum emission wavelength in the range of about 400 nm to about 500 nm.

[0213] Fused ring compounds included in the emission layer can be used as delayed fluorescence dopants to emit delayed fluorescence from the emission layer.

[0214] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting device may include:

[0215] The first capping layer outside the first electrode;

[0216] The second capping layer outside the second electrode; or

[0217] First capping layer and second capping layer.

[0218] Another aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure provides a light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an interlayer comprising an emitting layer between the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0219] The light-emitting device further includes a second capping layer outside the second electrode and having a refractive index equal to or greater than 1.6, and the emitting layer includes at least one of such fused ring compounds represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2.

[0220] In one embodiment, the encapsulation portion may be on the second sealing layer. The encapsulation portion may be on the light-emitting device to protect the light-emitting device from moisture and / or oxygen.

[0221] In an implementation, the encapsulation portion may include:

[0222] Inorganic membrane, the inorganic membrane comprising silicon nitride (SiN) x ), silicon dioxide (SiO) x Indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or any combination thereof;

[0223] Organic membranes, including polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, acrylic resins, epoxy resins, or any combination thereof; or

[0224] A combination of inorganic and organic membranes.

[0225] In this specification, the statement "(interlayer) includes fused ring compounds" can be interpreted as meaning that "(interlayer) may include one fused ring compound represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2 or two different fused ring compounds represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2".

[0226] For example, the interlayer may comprise only compound 1 as a fused-ring compound. In one embodiment, compound 1 may be included in the emitting layer of the light-emitting device. In one or more embodiments, the interlayer may comprise both compound 1 and compound 2 as fused-ring compounds. In this regard, compound 1 and compound 2 may be present in the same layer (e.g., both compound 1 and compound 2 may be present in the emitting layer) or may be present in different layers (e.g., compound 1 may be present in the emitting layer and compound 2 may be present in the electron transport region).

[0227] As used herein, the term "interlayer" refers to a single layer and / or all layers between the first and second electrodes of a light-emitting device.

[0228] Another aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure provides an electronic device including a light-emitting device. The electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor.

[0229] For example, the electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor comprising a source electrode and a drain electrode, and the first electrode of the light-emitting device may be electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode.

[0230] In some embodiments, the electronic device may further include a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touchscreen layer, a polarizing layer, or any combination thereof. For example, the electronic device may be a tablet electronic device, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0231] The description of electronic devices may be the same as that described above.

[0232] Figure 1 Description

[0233] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment. The light-emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 110, a sandwich layer 130, and a second electrode 150.

[0234] In the following text, we will combine Figure 1 The structure of the light-emitting device 10 according to the embodiment and the method of manufacturing the light-emitting device 10 are described.

[0235] First electrode 110

[0236] exist Figure 1 In this embodiment, the substrate may additionally be located below the first electrode 110 or above the second electrode 150. The substrate may be a glass substrate and / or a plastic substrate. The substrate may be a flexible substrate. In one or more embodiments, the substrate may comprise a plastic or polymer having excellent heat resistance and durability, such as polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide, or combinations thereof.

[0237] The first electrode 110 can be formed, for example, by depositing and / or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 on a substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, a high work function material that can be easily injected with holes can be used as the material for the first electrode 110.

[0238] The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transparent electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, the material used to form the first electrode 110 may include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, when the first electrode 110 is a semi-transparent electrode or a reflective electrode, magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), or any combination thereof may be used as the material for forming the first electrode 110.

[0239] The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure comprising a single layer (or composed of a single layer) or a multi-layer structure comprising multiple layers. In an embodiment, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO.

[0240] mezzanine 130

[0241] The interlayer 130 is on the first electrode 110. The interlayer 130 includes an emitter layer.

[0242] The interlayer 130 may further include a hole transport region between the first electrode 110 and the emitter layer, and an electron transport region between the emitter layer and the second electrode 150.

[0243] In addition to various suitable organic materials, the interlayer 130 may further include metal-containing compounds (such as organometallic compounds) and / or inorganic materials (such as quantum dots).

[0244] In one or more embodiments, the interlayer 130 may include: i) two or more emitting units sequentially stacked between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 150, and ii) a charge generating layer between the two emitting units. When the interlayer 130 includes the emitting units and charge generating layer as described above, the light-emitting device 10 may be a series light-emitting device.

[0245] Hole transport region in interlayer 130

[0246] The hole transport region may have: i) a single-layer structure comprising a single layer (or composed of a single layer) of a single material (or composed of a single material), ii) a single-layer structure comprising a single layer (or composed of a single layer) of a single material (or composed of a single material), or iii) a multi-layer structure comprising multiple layers of different materials.

[0247] The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an emission assist layer, an electron blocking layer (EBL), or any combination thereof.

[0248] For example, the hole transport region may have a multilayer structure including a hole injection layer / hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole injection layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole transport layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, or a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer structure, wherein, in each structure, the layers are sequentially stacked on the first electrode 110.

[0249] The hole transport region may include the compound represented by Formula 201, the compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof:

[0250] Formula 201

[0251]

[0252] Formula 202

[0253] .

[0254] In equations 201 and 202,

[0255] L 201 To L 204 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0256] L 205 For *-O-*', *-S-*', *-N(Q) 201 )-*', unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkylene, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 20 alkenyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group.10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0257] xa1 to xa4 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 5 independently.

[0258] xa5 can be an integer selected from 1 to 10, and

[0259] R 201 To R 204 and Q 201 Each is independent as unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0260] R 201 and R 202 Optionally via a single bond, unsubstituted, or by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a The substituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups are linked together to form an unsubstituted or substituted compound with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups (e.g., carbazole group, etc.) (e.g., see compound HT16 below),

[0261] R 203 and R 204 Optionally via a single bond, unsubstituted, or by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a The substituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups are linked together to form an unsubstituted or substituted compound with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups, and

[0262] na1 can be an integer selected from 1 to 4.

[0263] In embodiments, formulas 201 and 202 may each include at least one of the groups represented by formulas CY201 to CY217:

[0264] .

[0265] Regarding formulas CY201 to CY217, R 10b and R 10c Each can combine with R 10a The descriptions are the same, CY ring 201 To CY 204Each can be independently C3-C 20 Carbocyclic or C1-C 20 Heterocyclic group, and at least one hydrogen in formulas CY201 to CY217 may be unsubstituted or replaced by at least one R as described above. 10a replace.

[0266] In the implementation, the ring CY in formulas CY201 to CY217 201 To CY 204 Each can be independently phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl or anthracene.

[0267] In one or more embodiments, Formula 201 and Formula 202 may each include at least one of the groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY203.

[0268] In one or more embodiments, formula 201 may include at least one of the groups represented by formulas CY201 to CY203 and at least one of the groups represented by formulas CY204 to CY217.

[0269] In one or more embodiments, in formula 201, xa1 can be 1, R 201 It can be a group represented by one of the formulas CY201 to CY203, xa2 can be 0, and R 202 It can be a group represented by one of the formulas CY204 to CY207.

[0270] In one or more embodiments, each of Formula 201 and Formula 202 may not include groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY203.

[0271] In one or more embodiments, each of Formulas 201 and 202 may not include groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY203, and may include at least one of groups represented by Formulas CY204 to CY217.

[0272] In one or more embodiments, each of Formula 201 and Formula 202 may not include groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY217.

[0273] For example, the hole transport region may include one of compounds HT1 to HT44, m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB (NPD), β-NPB, TPD, spiro-TPD, spiro-NPB, methylated NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), or any combination thereof:

[0274]

[0275]

[0276]

[0277]

[0278]

[0279]

[0280]

[0281]

[0282]

[0283] .

[0284] The thickness of the hole transport region can range from about 50 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, from about 100 Å to about 4,000 Å. When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the hole injection layer can range from about 100 Å to about 9,000 Å, for example, from about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and the thickness of the hole transport layer can range from about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, for example, from about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within any of the aforementioned ranges, suitable or satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in the driving voltage.

[0285] The emission assist layer can increase light emission efficiency by compensating for the optical resonant distance according to the wavelength of the light emitted by the emission layer, and the electron blocking layer can block or reduce the flow of electrons from the electron transport region. The emission assist layer and the electron blocking layer can comprise the materials described above.

[0286] p-dopants

[0287] In addition to these materials, the hole transport region may further include a charge-generating material for improving conductivity. The charge-generating material may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region (e.g., in the form of a single layer comprising (or composed of) the charge-generating material).

[0288] The charge-generating material can be, for example, a p-doped agent.

[0289] In an implementation, the p-dopant may have a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level equal to or less than -3.5 eV.

[0290] In embodiments, p-dopersive agents may include quinone derivatives, cyano-containing compounds, compounds containing elements EL1 and EL2, or any combination thereof.

[0291] Examples of quinone derivatives are TCNQ and F4-TCNQ.

[0292] Examples of cyano-containing compounds are HAT-CN and compounds represented by formula 221:

[0293]

[0294] Equation 221

[0295] .

[0296] In Equation 221,

[0297] R 221 To R 223 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, and

[0298] R 221 To R 223 At least one of them can be independently replaced by C3-C respectively. 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups: cyano; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; C1-C substituted with cyano, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I or any combination thereof20 Alkyl groups; or any combination thereof.

[0299] Regarding compounds containing elements EL1 and EL2, element EL1 can be a metal, a metalloid, or a combination thereof, and element EL2 can be a nonmetal, a metalloid, or a combination thereof.

[0300] Examples of metals include: alkali metals (e.g., lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), etc.); alkaline earth metals (e.g., beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), etc.); transition metals (e.g., titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), cobalt (… Co, rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), etc.; later transition metals (e.g., zinc (Zn), indium (In), tin (Sn), etc.); and lanthanides (e.g., lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), etc.).

[0301] Examples of metalloids are silicon (Si), antimony (Sb) and tellurium (Te).

[0302] Examples of nonmetals are oxygen (O) and halogens (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I, etc.).

[0303] For example, compounds containing elements EL1 and EL2 are metal oxides, metal halides (e.g., metal fluorides, metal chlorides, metal bromides, metal iodides, etc.), quasi-metal halides (e.g., quasi-metal fluorides, quasi-metal chlorides, quasi-metal bromides, quasi-metal iodides, etc.), metal tellurides, or any combination thereof.

[0304] Examples of metal oxides are tungsten oxides (e.g., WO, W2O3, WO2, WO3, W2O5, etc.), vanadium oxides (e.g., VO, V2O3, VO2, V2O5, etc.), molybdenum oxides (MoO, Mo2O3, MoO2, MoO3, Mo2O5, etc.) and rhenium oxides (e.g., ReO3, etc.).

[0305] Examples of metal halides include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, and lanthanide metal halides.

[0306] Examples of alkali metal halides include LiF, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, LiBr, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, LiI, NaI, KI, RbI, and CsI.

[0307] Examples of alkaline earth metal halides are BeF2, MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, BeCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, BeBr2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, BeI2, MgI2, CaI2, SrI2, and BaI2.

[0308] Examples of transition metal halides include titanium halides (e.g., TiF4, TiCl4, TiBr4, TiI4, etc.), zirconium halides (e.g., ZrF4, ZrCl4, ZrBr4, ZrI4, etc.), hafnium halides (e.g., HfF4, HfCl4, HfBr4, HfI4, etc.), vanadium halides (e.g., VF3, VCl3, VBr3, VI3, etc.), niobium halides (e.g., NbF3, NbCl3, NbBr3, NbI3, etc.), and tantalum halides (e.g., TaF3, TaCl3, TaB). rhenium halides (e.g., CrF3, TaI3, etc.), chromium halides (e.g., CrF3, CrCl3, CrBr3, CrI3, etc.), molybdenum halides (e.g., MoF3, MoCl3, MoBr3, MoI3, etc.), tungsten halides (e.g., WF3, WCl3, WBr3, WI3, etc.), manganese halides (e.g., MnF2, MnCl2, MnBr2, MnI2, etc.), technetium halides (e.g., TcF2, TcCl2, TcBr2, TcI2, etc.), and rhenium halides (e.g., ReF2, ReCl2, ReBr2). Iron halides (e.g., FeF2, FeCl2, FeBr2, FeI2), ruthenium halides (e.g., RuF2, RuCl2, RuBr2, RuI2), osmium halides (e.g., OsF2, OsCl2, OsBr2, OsI2), cobalt halides (e.g., CoF2, CoCl2, CoBr2, CoI2), rhodium halides (e.g., RhF2, RhCl2, RhBr2, RhI2), iridium halides (e.g., IrF2, IrCl2, IrB2). (e.g., r2, IrI2, etc.) nickel halides (e.g., NiF2, NiCl2, NiBr2, NiI2, etc.), palladium halides (e.g., PdF2, PdCl2, PdBr2, PdI2, etc.), platinum halides (e.g., PtF2, PtCl2, PtBr2, PtI2, etc.), copper halides (e.g., CuF, CuCl, CuBr, CuI, etc.), silver halides (e.g., AgF, AgCl, AgBr, AgI, etc.) and gold halides (e.g., AuF, AuCl, AuBr, AuI, etc.).

[0309] Examples of post-transition metal halides are zinc halides (e.g., ZnF2, ZnCl2, ZnBr2, ZnI2, etc.), indium halides (e.g., InI3, etc.) and tin halides (e.g., SnI2, etc.).

[0310] Examples of lanthanide metal halides are YbF, YbF2, YbF3, SmF3, YbCl, YbCl2, YbCl3, SmCl3, YbBr, YbBr2, YbBr3, SmBr3, YbI, YbI2, YbI3 and SmI3.

[0311] Examples of metal halide halides are antimony halides (e.g., SbCl5, etc.).

[0312] Examples of metal tellurides include alkali metal tellurides (e.g., Li₂Te, Na₂Te, K₂Te, Rb₂Te, Cs₂Te, etc.), alkaline earth metal tellurides (e.g., BeTe, MgTe, CaTe, SrTe, BaTe, etc.), and transition metal tellurides (e.g., TiTe₂, ZrTe₂, HfTe₂, V₂Te₃, Nb₂Te₃, Ta₂Te₃, Cr₂Te₃, Mo₂Te₃, W₂Te₃, MnTe, TcTe, ReTe, Fe₂Te). Te, RuTe, OsTe, CoTe, RhTe, IrTe, NiTe, PdTe, PtTe, Cu2Te, CuTe, Ag2Te, AgTe, Au2Te, etc.), post-transition metal tellurides (e.g., ZnTe, etc.) and lanthanide metal tellurides (e.g., LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, etc.).

[0313] emission layer in interlayer 130

[0314] When the light-emitting device 10 is a full-color light-emitting device, the emitting layer can be patterned as a red emitting layer, a green emitting layer, and / or a blue emitting layer according to the sub-pixels. In embodiments, the emitting layer may have a stacked structure of two or more layers of red, green, and blue emitting layers, wherein the two or more layers are in contact with each other (e.g., in physical contact) or separated from each other. In one or more embodiments, the emitting layer may include two or more materials selected from red, green, and blue emitting materials, wherein the two or more materials are mixed with each other in a single layer to emit white light.

[0315] The emitting layer may include a host and a dopant. The dopant may include phosphorescent dopant, fluorescent dopant, or any combination thereof.

[0316] Dopant may include fused ring compounds represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2.

[0317] Based on 100 parts by weight of the host, the amount of dopant in the emitter layer can range from about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight.

[0318] In some implementations, the emission layer may include quantum dots.

[0319] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include a delayed fluorescence material. The delayed fluorescence material may be used as a host or a dopant in the emission layer.

[0320] The thickness of the emitting layer can be in the range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the emitting layer is within any of the aforementioned ranges, excellent light emission characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in the driving voltage.

[0321] main body

[0322] In an implementation, the main component may include a compound represented by formula 301:

[0323] Formula 301

[0324] [Ar 301 ] xb11 -[(L 301 ) xb1 -R 301 ] xb21

[0325] In Equation 301,

[0326] Ar 301 and L 301 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0327] xb11 can be 1, 2, or 3.

[0328] xb1 can be an integer selected from 0 to 5.

[0329] R 301 It can be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 301 (Q) 302 (Q) 303 -N(Q)301 (Q) 302 -B(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -C(=O)(Q) 301 -S(=O)2(Q) 301 ) or -P(=O)(Q 301 (Q) 302 ),

[0330] xb21 can be an integer selected from 1 to 5, and

[0331] Q 301 To Q 303 Each can be the same as described in combination with Q1.

[0332] In the implementation, when xb11 in formula 301 is 2 or greater, two or more Ar 301 They can be connected to each other via a single key.

[0333] In one or more embodiments, the body may include a compound represented by Formula 301-1, a compound represented by Formula 301-2, or any combination thereof:

[0334] Formula 301-1

[0335]

[0336] Formula 301-2

[0337] .

[0338] In Equations 301-1 and 301-2,

[0339] Ring A 301 To Ring A 304 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0340] X 301 Can be O, S, N-[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 ]、C(R 304 (R) 305 ) or Si(R 304 (R) 305 ),

[0341] xb22 and xb23 can each be 0, 1, or 2 independently.

[0342] L 301 xb1 and R 301 Each can be the same as described above.

[0343] L 302 To L 304 Each can be independently combined with L 301 The descriptions are the same.

[0344] xb2 to xb4 can each be independently identical to the one described in combination with xb1, and

[0345] R 302 To R 305 and R 311 To R 314 Each can combine with R 301 The descriptions are the same.

[0346] In one or more embodiments, the host may include an alkaline earth metal complex. In embodiments, the host may be a Be complex (e.g., compound H55), a Mg complex, a Zn complex, or any combination thereof.

[0347] In one or more embodiments, the main body may include one of compounds H1 to H124, 9,10-bis(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthyl-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), 9,10-bis(2-naphthyl)-2-tert-butyl-anthracene (TBADN), 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-bis-9-carbazolylbenzene (mCP), 1,3,5-tris(carbazolyl-9-yl)benzene (TCP), or any combination thereof:

[0348]

[0349]

[0350]

[0351]

[0352]

[0353]

[0354]

[0355]

[0356]

[0357]

[0358]

[0359]

[0360]

[0361] .

[0362] Delayed fluorescence materials

[0363] The emission layer may include a delayed fluorescence material.

[0364] The delayed fluorescence material used in this paper can be selected from any suitable compound capable of emitting delayed fluorescence based on the delayed fluorescence emission mechanism.

[0365] Depending on the type (or composition) of other materials included in the emission layer, the delayed fluorescence material included in the emission layer can be used as a host or a dopant.

[0366] In this embodiment, the difference between the triplet energy level (eV) and the singlet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescent material can be equal to or greater than 0 eV and equal to or less than 0.5 eV. When the difference between the triplet energy level (eV) and the singlet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescent material is within the aforementioned range, an upconversion from the triplet state to the singlet state of the delayed fluorescent material can occur effectively, and therefore, the luminous efficiency of the organic light-emitting device 10 can be improved.

[0367] In embodiments, delayed fluorescence materials may include i) at least one electron donor (e.g., π-electron-rich C3-C3). 60 Cyclic groups, such as carbazole groups, and at least one electron acceptor (e.g., sulfoxide, cyano, or a nitrogen-containing C1-C group lacking π electrons). 60 Materials containing cyclic groups, and / or ii) including C8-C 60 Materials with polycyclic groups, wherein two or more cyclic groups share boron (B) and are fused together (e.g., bonded together).

[0368] Delayed fluorescence materials may include at least one of compounds DF1 to DF9:

[0369]

[0370] .

[0371] quantum dots

[0372] The emission layer may include quantum dots.

[0373] As used herein, the term “quantum dot” refers to a crystal of a semiconductor compound and may include any suitable material capable of emitting light of various suitable wavelengths depending on the crystal size.

[0374] The diameter of quantum dots can be, for example, in the range of about 1 nm to about 10 nm.

[0375] Quantum dots can be synthesized through wet chemical processes, organometallic chemical vapor deposition processes, molecular beam epitaxy processes, and / or similar processes.

[0376] Wet chemical processes refer to methods that mix solvents and precursor materials and then grow quantum dot particles into crystals. During crystal growth, the organic solvent acts as a dispersant that naturally coordinates on the surface of the quantum dot crystals and controls the crystal growth. Therefore, the growth of quantum dot particles can be controlled by using processes that are easier and cheaper to perform compared to vapor deposition processes (such as metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)).

[0377] Quantum dots may include: group III-VI semiconductor compounds; group II-VI semiconductor compounds; group III-V semiconductor compounds; group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; group IV-VI semiconductor compounds; group IV elements or compounds; or any combination thereof.

[0378] Examples of Group II-VI semiconductor compounds are: binary compounds, such as CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, or MgS; ternary compounds, such as CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, or MgZnS; quaternary compounds, such as CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, or HgZnSTe; or any combination thereof.

[0379] Examples of Group III-V semiconductor compounds include: binary compounds such as GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, or InSb; ternary compounds such as GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InNP, InAlP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, or InPSb; quaternary compounds such as GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, or GaAlNP; or any combination thereof. Group III-V semiconductor compounds may further include Group II elements. Examples of group III-V semiconductor compounds that further include group II elements are InZnP, InGaZnP, and InAlZnP.

[0380] Examples of group III-VI semiconductor compounds are: binary compounds, such as GaS, GaSe, Ga2Se3, GaTe, InS, InSe, In2Se3, or InTe; ternary compounds, such as InGaS3 or InGaSe3; or any combination thereof.

[0381] Examples of group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds are ternary compounds, such as AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, or AgAlO2; or any combination thereof.

[0382] Examples of group IV-VI semiconductor compounds are: binary compounds, such as SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, or PbTe; ternary compounds, such as SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, or SnPbTe; quaternary compounds, such as SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, or SnPbSTe; or any combination thereof.

[0383] In embodiments, Group IV elements or compounds may include: single-element compounds, such as Si or Ge; binary compounds, such as SiC or SiGe; or any combination thereof.

[0384] Each element included in a multi-element compound (such as binary, ternary, and quaternary compounds) may exist in the particles at a uniform or non-uniform concentration.

[0385] In some embodiments, the quantum dot may have a single structure or a core-shell dual structure, the single structure having a uniform (e.g., substantially uniform) concentration of each element included in the respective quantum dot. In embodiments, the material included in the core may differ from the material included in the shell.

[0386] The shell of a quantum dot can serve as a protective layer for maintaining semiconductor properties by preventing or reducing the chemical degradation of the core, and / or as a charging layer for imparting electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell can be single-layered or multi-layered. The interface between the core and the shell can have a concentration gradient, wherein the concentration of elements present in the shell decreases along the direction towards the center.

[0387] Examples of the shell for quantum dots are metal or nonmetal oxides, semiconductor compounds, or any combination thereof. Examples of metal or nonmetal oxides are: binary compounds, such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, or NiO; ternary compounds, such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, or CoMn2O4; or any combination thereof. Examples of semiconductor compounds are Group III-VI semiconductor compounds as described herein; Group II-VI semiconductor compounds; Group III-V semiconductor compounds; Group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; Group IV-VI semiconductor compounds; or any combination thereof. For example, semiconductor compounds may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, or any combination thereof.

[0388] The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission wavelength spectrum of quantum dots can be about 45 nm or less, for example, about 40 nm or less, for example, about 30 nm or less. When the FWHM of the emission wavelength spectrum of quantum dots is within any of the aforementioned ranges, color purity and / or color reproducibility can be improved. Furthermore, light emitted through such quantum dots is illuminated omnidirectionally (e.g., in substantially all directions). Therefore, a wide viewing angle can be increased.

[0389] In addition, quantum dots can be, for example, spherical, conical, multi-armed or cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers or nanosheets.

[0390] By adjusting the size of the quantum dots, the band gap can also be adjusted, thereby obtaining light of various suitable wavelengths in the quantum dot emission layer. Therefore, by using quantum dots of different sizes, light-emitting devices that emit light of various suitable wavelengths can be implemented. In one embodiment, the size of the quantum dots can be selected to emit red, green, and / or blue light. Furthermore, the size of the quantum dots can be configured by combining various suitable colors of light to emit white light.

[0391] Electron transport region in interlayer 130

[0392] The electron transport region may have: i) a single-layer structure comprising a single layer (or composed of a single layer) of a single material (or composed of a single material), ii) a single-layer structure comprising a single layer (or composed of a single layer) of a single material (or composed of a single material), or iii) a multi-layer structure comprising multiple layers of different materials.

[0393] The electron transport region may include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0394] For example, the electron transport region may have an electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, or a buffer layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, wherein in each structure, the layers are stacked sequentially on the emitter layer.

[0395] Electron transport regions (e.g., buffer layers, hole blocking layers, electron control layers, or electron transport layers within electron transport regions) may include metal-free compounds comprising at least one π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C compound. 60 Cyclic groups.

[0396] In an embodiment, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by formula 601:

[0397] Formula 601

[0398] [Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21

[0399] In Equation 601,

[0400] Ar 601 and L 601 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0401] xe11 can be 1, 2, or 3.

[0402] xe1 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

[0403] R 601 It can be unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 601 (Q) 602 (Q) 603 -C(=O)(Q) 601 -S(=O)2(Q) 601 ) or -P(=O)(Q 601 (Q) 602 ),

[0404] Q 601 To Q 603 Each can be the same as described in Q1.

[0405] xe21 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, and

[0406] Ar 601 L 601 and R 601 At least one of them can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R. 10a Substituted π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 Cyclic groups.

[0407] In the implementation, when xe11 in formula 601 is 2 or greater, two or more Ar 601 They can be connected to each other via a single key.

[0408] In one or more embodiments, Ar in Formula 601 601 It can be a substituted or unsubstituted anthracene group.

[0409] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by formula 601-1:

[0410] Formula 601-1

[0411] .

[0412] In Equation 601-1,

[0413] X 614 It can be N or C(R) 614 ), X 615 It can be N or C(R) 615 ), X 616 It can be N or C(R) 616 ), and X 614 To X 616 At least one of them can be N,

[0414] L 611 To L 613 Each can be combined with L 601 The descriptions are the same.

[0415] xe611 to xe613 can each be identical to the description in conjunction with xe1.

[0416] R 611 To R 613 Each can combine with R 601 The descriptions are the same, and

[0417] R 614 To R 616 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, or unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0418] For example, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Equations 601 and 601-1 can each be 0, 1 or 2 independently.

[0419] The electron transport region may include one of compounds ET1 to ET45, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq3, BAlq, TAZ, NTAZ, or any combination thereof:

[0420]

[0421]

[0422]

[0423]

[0424]

[0425]

[0426] .

[0427] The thickness of the electron transport region can range from about 100 Å to about 5,000 Å, for example, from about 160 Å to about 4,000 Å. When the electron transport region includes a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, or electron control layer can range from about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, from about 30 Å to about 300 Å, and the thickness of the electron transport layer can range from about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, from about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, electron control layer, and / or electron transport layer is within any of the aforementioned ranges, suitable or satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in the driving voltage.

[0428] In addition to the materials mentioned above, the electron transport region (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may further include materials containing metallic elements.

[0429] Materials containing metallic elements may include alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof. The metal ion in an alkali metal complex may be Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs ions, and the metal ion in an alkaline earth metal complex may be Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba ions. The ligand coordinating with the metal ion in the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal complex may be hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthrene, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0430] For example, materials containing a metallic element may include Li complexes. Li complexes may include, for example, compounds ET-D1 (LiQ) or ET-D2:

[0431] .

[0432] The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates the injection of electrons from the second electrode 150. The electron injection layer may be in direct contact (e.g., physical contact) with the second electrode 150.

[0433] The electron injection layer may have: i) a single-layer structure including a single layer (or consisting of a single layer), the single layer including a single material (or consisting of a single material), ii) a single-layer structure including a single layer (or consisting of a single layer), the single layer including a plurality of different materials (or consisting of a plurality of different materials), or iii) a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers, the plurality of layers including different materials.

[0434] The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, a compound containing an alkali metal, a compound containing an alkaline earth metal, a compound containing a rare earth metal, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof.

[0435] The alkali metal may include Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal may include Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or any combination thereof. The rare earth metal may include Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, Gd, or any combination thereof.

[0436] The compound containing an alkali metal, the compound containing an alkaline earth metal, and the compound containing a rare earth metal may be an oxide and / or halide (e.g., fluoride, chloride, bromide, or iodide), telluride, or any combination thereof of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, and a rare earth metal.

[0437] The compound containing an alkali metal may be an alkali metal oxide (such as Li2O, Cs2O, or K2O), an alkali metal halide (such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, or KI), or any combination thereof. The compound containing an alkaline earth metal may include an alkaline earth metal oxide, such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr1- x O (where x is a real number satisfying the condition 0 < x < 1) or Ba x Ca 1-x O (where x is a real number satisfying the condition 0 < x < 1). The compound containing a rare earth metal may include YbF3, ScF3, Sc2O3, Y2O3, Ce2O3, GdF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3, TbI3, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the compound containing a rare earth metal may include a lanthanide metal telluride. Examples of lanthanide metal tellurides are LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, SmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, La2Te3, Ce2Te3, Pr2Te3, Nd2Te3, Pm2Te3, Sm2Te3, Eu2Te3, Gd2Te3, Tb2Te3, Dy2Te3, Ho2Te3, Er2Te3, Tm2Te3, Yb2Te3, and Lu2Te3.

[0438] Alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, and rare earth metal complexes may include i) one of the ions of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, and a rare earth metal, and ii) as a ligand linked to a metal ion, such as hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenidine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0439] The electron injection layer may include (or consist of) alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali metal-containing compounds, alkaline earth metal-containing compounds, rare earth metal-containing compounds, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, rare earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof, or may further include organic materials (e.g., compounds represented by Formula 601).

[0440] In embodiments, the electron-injected layer may include (or consist of) i) an alkali metal-containing compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide), or ii) a) an alkali metal-containing compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide); and b) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, or any combination thereof. In embodiments, the electron-injected layer may be a KI:Yb co-deposited layer and / or an RbI:Yb co-deposited layer.

[0441] When the electron injection layer further includes organic materials, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali metal-containing compounds, alkaline earth metal-containing compounds, rare earth metal-containing compounds, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, rare earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the matrix including the organic materials.

[0442] The thickness of the electron injection layer can range from about 1 Å to about 100 Å, for example, from about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within any of the aforementioned ranges described above, suitable or satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in the driving voltage.

[0443] Second electrode 150

[0444] The second electrode 150 is located on the interlayer 130 having the structure described herein. The second electrode 150 may be a cathode (which is an electron injection electrode), and the material used for the second electrode 150 may be a metal, alloy, conductive compound, or any combination thereof, each having a low work function.

[0445] The second electrode 150 may include lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), ytterbium (Yb), silver-ytterbium (Ag-Yb), ITO, IZO, or combinations thereof. The second electrode 150 may be a transmission electrode, a semi-transmission electrode, or a reflection electrode.

[0446] The second electrode 150 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers.

[0447] Capping layer

[0448] The first capping layer may be outside the first electrode 110, and / or the second capping layer may be outside the second electrode 150. More specifically, the light-emitting device 10 may have a structure in which the first capping layer, the first electrode 110, the interlayer 130, and the second electrode 150 are stacked in the stated order, or a structure in which the first capping layer, the first electrode 110, the interlayer 130, the second electrode 150, and the second capping layer are stacked in the stated order.

[0449] Light generated in the emitting layer of the interlayer 130 of the light-emitting device 10 can be extracted (or irradiated) to the outside through the first electrode 110 and the first capping layer (each of which can be a semi-transparent electrode or a transmissive electrode), or light generated in the emitting layer of the intermediate layer 130 of the light-emitting device 10 can be extracted (or irradiated) to the outside through the second electrode 150 and the second capping layer (each of which can be a semi-transparent electrode or a transmissive electrode).

[0450] According to the principle of constructive interference, the first and second capping layers can increase the external luminous efficiency. Therefore, the light extraction efficiency of the organic light-emitting device 10 is increased, thereby improving the luminous efficiency of the organic light-emitting device 10.

[0451] The first capping layer and the second capping layer may each comprise a material having a refractive index equal to or greater than 1.6 (at 589 nm).

[0452] The first capping layer and the second capping layer can each be independently an organic capping layer including organic materials, an inorganic capping layer including inorganic materials, or a composite capping layer including both organic and inorganic materials.

[0453] At least one of the first and second capping layers may independently comprise a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amino-containing compound, a porphyrin derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthyl phthalocyanine derivative, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or a combination thereof. The carbocyclic compound, heterocyclic compound, and amino-containing compound may optionally be substituted with substituents containing O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof. In embodiments, at least one of the first and second capping layers may independently comprise an amino-containing compound.

[0454] In an embodiment, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently comprise a compound represented by formula 201, a compound represented by formula 202, or any combination thereof.

[0455] In one or more embodiments, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently comprise one of compounds HT28 to HT33, one of compounds CP1 to CP6, β-NPB, or any combination thereof:

[0456]

[0457] .

[0458] electronic devices

[0459] The light-emitting device can be included in a variety of suitable electronic devices. In embodiments, the electronic device including the light-emitting device can be a light-emitting device and / or an authentication device, etc.

[0460] In addition to the light-emitting device, the electronic device (e.g., the light-emitting device) may further include i) a color filter, ii) a color conversion layer, or iii) both a color filter and a color conversion layer. The color filter and / or color conversion layer may be located in at least one direction of propagation of light emitted from the light-emitting device. In embodiments, the light emitted from the light-emitting device may be blue light or white light. The description of the light-emitting device may be the same as described above. In embodiments, the color conversion layer may include quantum dots. Quantum dots may be, for example, quantum dots as described herein.

[0461] The electronic device may include a first substrate. The first substrate may include a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the color filter may include a plurality of color filter regions corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel regions, and the color conversion layer may include a plurality of color conversion regions corresponding to the sub-pixel regions.

[0462] A pixel-defining film can be used to define each of multiple sub-pixel regions.

[0463] The color filter may further include a color filter region and a light-blocking pattern between the color filter regions, and the color conversion layer may further include a color conversion region and a light-blocking pattern between the color conversion regions.

[0464] The color filter region (or color conversion region) may include a first region emitting a first color light, a second region emitting a second color light, and / or a third region emitting a third color light, wherein the first color light, the second color light, and / or the third color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths from each other. In an embodiment, the first color light may be red light, the second color light may be green light, and the third color light may be blue light. In an embodiment, the color filter region (or color conversion region) may include quantum dots. More specifically, the first region may include red quantum dots, the second region may include green quantum dots, and the third region may not include quantum dots. The quantum dots may be the same as those described above. Each of the first, second, and third regions may further include a scatterer.

[0465] In one embodiment, the light-emitting device can emit first light, a first region can absorb the first light to emit a first first color light, a second region can absorb the first light to emit a second first color light, and a third region can absorb the first light to emit a third first color light. In this regard, the first, second, and third first color lights can have different maximum emission wavelengths from each other. More specifically, the first light can be blue light, the first first color light can be red light, the second first color light can be green light, and the third first color light can be blue light.

[0466] In addition to the light-emitting device described above, the electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, wherein either the source electrode or the drain electrode is electrically connected to either the first electrode or the second electrode selected from the light-emitting device.

[0467] Thin-film transistors may further include gate electrodes and / or gate insulating layers, etc.

[0468] The active layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, organic semiconductors and / or oxide semiconductors, etc.

[0469] The electronic device may further include a sealing portion for sealing the light-emitting device. The sealing portion may be located between the color filter and / or color conversion layer and the light-emitting device. The sealing portion allows light from the light-emitting device to be extracted (e.g., illuminated) to the outside while (e.g., synchronously) preventing or reducing the penetration of external air and moisture into the light-emitting device. The sealing portion may be a sealing substrate comprising a transparent glass substrate or a plastic substrate. The sealing portion may be a thin-film encapsulation layer comprising at least one of an organic layer and an inorganic layer. When the sealing portion is a thin-film encapsulation layer, the electronic device may be flexible.

[0470] In the sealed portion, in addition to color filters and / or color conversion layers, various suitable functional layers may be further arranged depending on the purpose of the electronic device. Functional layers may include touchscreen layers and / or polarization layers, etc. The touchscreen layer may be a pressure-sensitive touchscreen layer, a capacitive touchscreen layer, and / or an infrared touchscreen layer. The authentication device may be, for example, a biometric authentication device that authenticates an individual based on biometric information from a biometric sample (e.g., fingertip and / or pupil, etc.).

[0471] In addition to the light-emitting device, the certification device may further include a bioassay information collector.

[0472] Electronic devices can be applied to a variety of suitable displays, light sources, lighting, personal computers (e.g., mobile personal computers), mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic notebooks, electronic dictionaries, video game consoles, medical instruments (e.g., electronic thermometers, blood pressure monitors, blood glucose meters, pulse measuring devices, pulse wave measuring devices, electrocardiogram displays, ultrasound diagnostic devices and / or endoscopic displays), fish finders, a variety of suitable measuring instruments, measuring instruments (e.g., measuring instruments for vehicles, aircraft and / or ships) and / or projectors, etc.

[0473] Figure 2 and Figure 3 Description

[0474] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view is provided to illustrate a light-emitting device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0475] Figure 2 The light-emitting device includes a substrate 100, a thin-film transistor (TFT), a light-emitting device, and a package portion 300 that seals the light-emitting device.

[0476] The substrate 100 may be a flexible substrate, a glass substrate, and / or a metal substrate. A buffer layer 210 may be on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 210 prevents or reduces the penetration of impurities through the substrate 100 and may provide a flat surface on the substrate 100.

[0477] The TFT may be located on the buffer layer 210. The TFT may include an active layer 220, a gate electrode 240, a source electrode 260, and a drain electrode 270.

[0478] The active layer 220 may include inorganic semiconductors (such as silicon and / or polysilicon), organic semiconductors and / or oxide semiconductors, and may include source regions, drain regions and channel regions.

[0479] A gate insulating film 230 for insulating the active layer 220 from the gate electrode 240 may be on the active layer 220, and the gate electrode 240 may be on the gate insulating film 230.

[0480] The interlayer insulating film 250 may be on the gate electrode 240. The interlayer insulating film 250 may be between the gate electrode 240 and the source electrode 260 to insulate the gate electrode 240 from the source electrode 260, and between the gate electrode 240 and the drain electrode 270 to insulate the gate electrode 240 from the drain electrode 270.

[0481] The source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may be on the interlayer insulating film 250. The interlayer insulating film 250 and the gate insulating film 230 may be formed to expose the source and drain regions of the active layer 220, and the source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may be arranged to contact (e.g., physically contact) the exposed portions of the source and drain regions of the active layer 220.

[0482] The TFT can be electrically connected to a light-emitting device to drive the light-emitting device and can be covered by a passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may include an inorganic insulating film, an organic insulating film, or a combination thereof. The light-emitting device may be provided on the passivation layer 280. The light-emitting device includes a first electrode 110, a sandwich layer 130, and a second electrode 150.

[0483] The first electrode 110 may be on the passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 exposes a portion of the drain electrode 270 without completely covering the drain electrode 270, and the first electrode 110 may be connected to the exposed portion of the drain electrode 270.

[0484] A pixel defining layer 290, including an insulating material, may be present on the first electrode 110. The pixel defining layer 290 may expose specific areas of the first electrode 110, and an interlayer 130 may be formed in the exposed areas of the first electrode 110. The pixel defining layer 290 may be a polyimide-based organic film and / or a polyacrylic acid-based organic film. In some embodiments, at least one layer of the interlayer 130 may extend to the upper portion of the pixel defining layer 290 and may be in the form of a common layer.

[0485] The second electrode 150 may be on the interlayer 130, and the capping layer 170 may be additionally formed on the second electrode 150. The capping layer 170 may be formed to cover the second electrode 150.

[0486] The encapsulation portion 300 may be on the capping layer 170. The encapsulation portion 300 may be on the light-emitting device to serve as a layer protecting the light-emitting device from moisture and / or oxygen. The encapsulation portion 300 may include an inorganic film, which includes silicon nitride (SiN). x ), silicon dioxide (SiO) xIndium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or combinations thereof; organic membranes, including polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, acrylic resins (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate or polyacrylic acid), epoxy resins (e.g., aliphatic glycidyl ether (AGE)), or combinations thereof; or combinations of inorganic and organic membranes.

[0487] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view is provided to illustrate an embodiment of a light-emitting device according to another disclosure.

[0488] Figure 3 Light-emitting devices and Figure 2 The light-emitting device is the same, except that the light-blocking pattern 500 and the functional area 400 are additionally located on the encapsulation portion 300. The functional area 400 may be i) a color filter area, ii) a color conversion area, or iii) a combination of a color filter area and a color conversion area. In the embodiment, Figure 3 The light-emitting device included in the light-emitting device can be a series of light-emitting devices.

[0489] Preparation method

[0490] The layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer, and the electron transport region can be formed in specific regions using one or more suitable methods selected from vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Brookett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, and laser-induced thermal imaging.

[0491] When the layers constituting the hole transport region, the emitter layer, and the electron transport region are formed by vacuum deposition, the deposition can be carried out at a deposition temperature of about 100°C to about 500°C, taking into account the materials to be included in the layers to be formed and the structure of the layers to be formed. -8 To about 10 -3 The deposition was carried out at a vacuum level of approximately 0.01 Å / s to approximately 100 Å / s.

[0492] Definitions of at least some terms

[0493] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 60 "Carbocyclic group" refers to a cyclic group consisting only of carbon (or composed of carbon) and having 3 to 60 carbon atoms, preferably C5-C6. 30 Carbocyclic group, and as used herein by the term "C1-C" 60 "Heterocyclic group" refers to a cyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and further including heteroatoms in addition to carbon, preferably C2-C. 30 Heterocyclic group. C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and C1-C 60The heterocyclic group can be a monocyclic group comprising (or composed of) a single ring, or a polycyclic group in which two or more rings are fused together (e.g., bonded together). In embodiments, C1-C 60 The number of cyclic atoms in a heterocyclic group can range from 3 to 61.

[0494] As used in this article, the term "cyclic group" includes C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and C1-C 60 Both heterocyclic groups.

[0495] As used in this article, “π-electron-rich C3-C” 60 "Cyclic group" refers to a cyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and excluding *-N=*' as a cyclic moiety, and as used herein, "a nitrogen-containing C1-C group lacking π electrons". 60 "Cyclic group" refers to a heterocyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and including *-N=*' as the cyclic part.

[0496] For example,

[0497] C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group can be i) group T1 or ii) a fused-ring group in which two or more groups T1 are fused together (e.g., bonded together) (e.g., cyclopentadienyl, adamantyl, norbornel, phenyl, pentaenyl, naphthyl, azuleyl, indaryl, acenaphthenic, phenanthyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenantyl, peryl, penfenyl, heptaenyl, tetraphenyl, framyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubidyl, keratyl, ovoleyl, indole, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, indophenantyl, or indoanthracene).

[0498] C1-C 60The heterocyclic group may be i) a group T2, ii) a fused-ring group in which two or more groups T2 are fused together (e.g., bonded together), or iii) a fused-ring group in which at least one group T2 and at least one group T1 are fused together (e.g., bonded together) (e.g., pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, indole, benzoindole, naphthoindole, isoindole, benzoisoindole, naphthoisoindole, benzothiophene, benzofuranyl, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, indocarbazole, indolecarbazole, benzofuranylcarbazole, benzothiophenecarbazole, benzothiophenecarbazole, benzoindocarbazole, benzocarbazole, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzonaphthophene, benzonaphthothiophene, benzofuranyl, benzofuranyl). Benzofuranyl, benzofuranodibenzothiophene, benzothiophene-benzothiophene, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzooxazolyl, benzoisooxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl Isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, cenolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthidyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, azacarbazoyl, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiopheneyl, azadibenzothiopheneyl or azadibenzofuranyl),

[0499] C3-C rich in π electrons 60 The cyclic group may be i) group T1, ii) a fused-ring group in which two or more groups T1 are fused together (e.g., bonded together), iii) group T3, iv) a fused-ring group in which two or more groups T3 are fused together (e.g., bonded together), or v) a fused-ring group in which at least one group T3 and at least one group T1 are fused together (e.g., bonded together) (e.g., C3-C). 60 Carbocyclic, pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, indole, benzoindole, naphthoindole, isoindole, benzoisoindole, naphthoisoindole, benzothiol, benzothiophene, benzofuranyl, carbazole, dibenzothiol, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, indole-carbazole, indole-carbazole, benzofuran-carbazole, benzothiophene-carbazole, benzothiophene-carbazole, benzoindole-carbazole, benzocarbazole, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzonaphthophene, benzonaphthothiol, benzofuran-dibenzofuranyl, benzofuran-dibenzothiophene or benzothiophene-dibenzothiophene.

[0500] Nitrogen-containing C1-C lacking π electrons 60The cyclic group may be i) group T4, ii) a fused-ring group in which two or more groups T4 are fused together (e.g., bonded together), iii) a fused-ring group in which at least one group T4 and at least one group T1 are fused together (e.g., bonded together), iv) a fused-ring group in which at least one group T4 and at least one group T3 are fused together (e.g., bonded together), or v) a fused-ring group in which at least one group T4, at least one group T1, and at least one group T3 are fused together (e.g., bonded together) (e.g., pyrazolyl, imidazole, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazole). The following groups are listed: β-carbazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, phenanthrolinel, cinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthidyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, azacarbazolyl, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiopheneyl, azadibenzothiopheneyl, or azadibenzofuranyl.

[0501] Group T1 can be cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptenyl, adamantyl, norbornyl (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane), norbornyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, or phenyl.

[0502] The group T2 can be furanyl, thiopheneyl, 1H-pyrrolyl, thiopheneyl, borocyclopentadienyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, 3H-pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, azathiazolyl, azaboracyclopentadienyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, or tetraazinyl.

[0503] Group T3 can be furanyl, thiophene, 1H-pyrrole, thiophene, or borocyclopentadienyl, and

[0504] The group T4 can be 2H-pyrrole, 3H-pyrrole, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, azirthiolyl, aziboranecyclopentadienyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, or tetraazinyl.

[0505] Based on the structure of the formula described by the corresponding terminology, such as the terms "cyclic group" and "C3-C" used in this paper.60 "Carbocyclic group", "C1-C" 60 Heterocyclic groups, π-electron-rich C3-C 60 "Cyclic groups" and "nitrogen-containing C1-C groups lacking π electrons" 60 "Cyclic group" refers to a group that is fused (e.g., bonded together) with a cyclic group, a monovalent group, or a polyvalent group (e.g., a divalent group, a trivalent group, or a tetravalent group). For example, "phenyl" can be benzo[a], phenyl, or phenylene, etc., which can be readily understood by those skilled in the art based on the structure of formulas including "phenyl".

[0506] In the implementation method, the unit price is C3-C. 60 Carbocyclic groups and monovalent C1-C 60 An example of a heterocyclic group is C3-C. 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, and monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, and divalent C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and divalent C1-C 60 An example of a heterocyclic group is C3-C. 10 Cycloalkylene, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C1-C 60 Hypoaryl, divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups and divalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0507] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "alkyl" refers to a monovalent group of a straight-chain or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, preferably C1-C. 20 Alkyl or C1-C 10 Alkyl groups, and examples thereof are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, tert-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, 3-pentyl, sec-isopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, sec-hexyl, tert-hexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, sec-heptyl, tert-heptyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, sec-octyl, tert-octyl, n-nonyl, isonyl, sec-nonyl, tert-nonyl, n-decyl, isodel, sec-decyl, and tert-decyl. As used herein, the term "C1-C" is... 60 "alkylene" refers to C1-C 60 Alkyl groups having essentially the same divalent structure, preferably C1-C 20Alkylene or C1-C5 alkylene.

[0508] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkenyl" refers to the group formed at C2-C. 60 A monovalent hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond at the main chain (e.g., in the middle) or end (e.g., at the tip) of an alkyl group, and examples of such groups are vinyl, propenyl, and butenyl. As used herein, the term "C2-C" is used... 60 "Alkenyl" refers to C2-C 60 Alkenes have divalent groups with substantially the same structure, preferably C2-C. 20 Alkenyl or C2-C5 alkenyl.

[0509] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkyne group" refers to the group at C2-C 60 An alkyl group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond at its main chain (e.g., in the middle) or end (e.g., at the tip), and examples of such groups are ethynyl and propynyl. As used herein, the term "C2-C" is used... 60 "Immyneyl" refers to C2-C 60 Alkynes are divalent groups with essentially the same structure.

[0510] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Alkoxy" refers to the compound formed by -OA 101 (where A) 101 For C1-C 60 The monovalent group represented by alkyl, preferably C1-C 20 Alkyl groups, and examples of them are methoxy, ethoxy and isopropoxy.

[0511] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkyl" refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples of such groups are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornelyl (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl), bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl, and bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl. As used herein, the term "C3-C" is also relevant. 10 "Cycloalkylene" refers to C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups have divalent groups with essentially the same structure.

[0512] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl" refers to a monovalent cyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, further comprising at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to a carbon atom, and examples include 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, and tetrahydrothiophenyl. As used herein, the term "C1-C..." 10"Heterocyclic alkyl" refers to C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups have divalent groups with essentially the same structure.

[0513] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkenyl" refers to a monovalent monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring and being non-aromatic (e.g., not aromatic), and non-limiting examples include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptenyl. The term "C3-C" is also used herein. 10 "Biopylene" refers to C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups are divalent groups with essentially the same structure.

[0514] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkenyl" refers to a monovalent cyclic group that has at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms in its ring structure, and has 1 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one double bond. C1-C 10 Examples of heterocyclic alkenyl groups are 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxarizolyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, and 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl. As used herein, the term "C1-C..." 10 "Heterocyclic alkenyl" refers to C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups are divalent groups with essentially the same structure.

[0515] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Aryl" refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system (with 6 to 60 carbon atoms), and as used herein, "C6-C". 60 "Arylene" refers to a divalent group that has a carbocyclic aromatic system (with 6 to 60 carbon atoms). C6-C 60 Examples of aryl groups include fluorenyl, phenyl, pentanenyl, naphthyl, azuleyl, indole, acenaphthel, phenanthyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranthyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, perylene, pentanenyl, heptanenyl, tetraphenyl, framyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubiginyl, myristyl, and ovoleyl. When C6-C... 60 Aryl and C6-C 60 When each of the aryl groups comprises two or more rings, the two or more rings may be fused together (e.g., joined together).

[0516] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Heteroaryl" refers to a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system, which, in addition to a carbon atom, has at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom and has 1 to 60 carbon atoms. For example, the term "C1-C" as used herein... 60"Hypo-heteroaryl" refers to a divalent group that has a heterocyclic aromatic system, which, in addition to a carbon atom, has at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom and has 1 to 60 carbon atoms. C1-C 60 Examples of heteroaryl groups include carbazole, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, benzo[a]quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzo[a]isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzo[a]quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzo[a]quinazolinyl, cinolinyl, phenanthrolinel, phthalazinyl, and naphthidyl. When C1-C 60 heteroaryl and C1-C 60 When each of the heteroaryl groups comprises two or more rings, the two or more rings may fused together (e.g., bonded together).

[0517] As used herein, the term "monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group" refers to a monovalent group (e.g., having 8 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings fused together (e.g., bonded together), with only carbon atoms as cyclic atoms, and lacking aromaticity (e.g., the entire molecular structure is not aromatic) throughout its molecular structure. Examples of monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups are indenyl, fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, indeno[a]phenanthryl, and indeno[a]anthrayl. As used herein, the term "divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group" refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as a monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group.

[0518] As used herein, the term “monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic group” refers to a monovalent group (e.g., having 1 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings fused together (e.g., bonded together), having at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms, and being non-aromatic (e.g., not aromatic throughout its molecular structure) Examples of monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups include pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, indole, benzoindole, naphthoindole, isoindole, benzoisoindole, naphthoisoindole, benzothiophene, benzofuranyl, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, azacarbazole, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiophene, azadibenzothiophene, azadibenzofuranyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl. Benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazoyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazoyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, indolecarbazoyl, indolocarbazoyl, benzofuranocarbazoyl, benzothiophenocarbazoyl, benzothiophenocarbazoyl, benzoindolocarbazoyl, benzocarbazoyl, benzonaphthiophenyl, benzonaphthiophenyl, benzofuranodibenzofuranyl, benzofuranodibenzothiophenyl, and benzothiophenodibenzothiophenyl. As used herein, the term "divalent nonaromatic fused heteropolycyclic group" refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as a monovalent nonaromatic fused heteropolycyclic group.

[0519] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Aryloxy group" refers to -OA 102 (where A) 102 For C6-C 60 Aryl), and as used herein by the term "C6-C" 60 "Arylthio" refers to -SA 103 (where A) 103 For C6-C 60 Aryl).

[0520] As used in this article, the term "R" 10a "Can be:

[0521] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro;

[0522] Each of the following C1-C that was not replaced or was replaced by: 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl or C1-C 60Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthioyl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof;

[0523] Each of the following C3-Cs was not replaced or was replaced by the others 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy or C6-C 60 Aryl thiols: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthioyl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof; or

[0524] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32-C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ).

[0525] In this specification, Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently represented as: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; C1-C 60 Alkyl; C2-C 60 Alkenyl; C2-C 60 Alkyne group; C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups; or each group is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C. 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C3-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0526] As used herein, the term "heteroatom" refers to any atom other than a carbon atom. Examples of heteroatoms are O, S, N, P, Si, B, Ge, Se, or any combination thereof.

[0527] As used herein, “Ph” refers to phenyl, “Me” refers to methyl, “Et” refers to ethyl, and “tert-Bu” or “Bu” refers to ethyl. t "Refers to tert-butyl, and as used herein, the term "OMe" refers to methyl methacrylate (MMA).

[0528] As used in this article, the term "biphenyl" refers to a phenyl group that has been substituted with a phenyl group. In other words, "biphenyl" is a phenyl group with a C6-C2 bond. 60 Aryl groups are substituted phenyl groups.

[0529] As used in this article, the term "terphenyl" refers to a "phenyl group substituted with a biphenyl group." In other words, "terphenyl" is a phenyl group with a C6-C substituted biphenyl group. 60 Aryl-substituted C6-C 60 Aryl groups are substituted phenyl groups.

[0530] Unless otherwise defined, as used herein, *, *' and *'' each refer to the binding site of the adjacent atom in the corresponding formula.

[0531] The compounds and light-emitting devices according to the embodiments will be described in more detail below with reference to synthesis examples and embodiments. The phrase "replacing A with B" as used in the description of the synthesis examples means replacing A with an equal molar equivalent of B.

[0532] Example

[0533] Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound 1

[0534]

[0535] Synthetic intermediate 1-1

[0536] 3,5-Dibromoaniline (1 eq), 1-bromo-3-chloropropene (8 eq), and Na₂CO₃ (4 eq) were stirred at 140 °C for 48 hours. After cooling, the organic layer extracted using dichloromethane (MC) was dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then dried again under reduced pressure. The resulting product was redissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF), and the resulting mixture was stirred at 160 °C for 24 hours. After drying under reduced pressure, the organic layer extracted using MC and water was dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then dried again under reduced pressure. Subsequently, the product was separated and purified by column chromatography using ethyl acetate and n-hexane to obtain intermediate 1-1 (yield: 65%).

[0537] Synthetic intermediates 1-2

[0538] Intermediate 1-1 (1 eq), diphenylamine (1 eq), tris(dibenzylacetone)dipalladium (0) (0.05 eq), BINAP (0.1 eq), and sodium tert-butoxide (3 eq) were dissolved in toluene, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 12 hours. After cooling, the organic layer obtained by washing the reaction solution three times with ethyl acetate and water was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then dried again under reduced pressure. Subsequently, the product was separated and purified by column chromatography using ethyl acetate and n-hexane to obtain intermediate 1-2 (yield: 62%).

[0539] Synthetic intermediates 1-3

[0540] N1,N3-diphenylphenyl-1,3-diamine (1 eq), intermediate 1-2 (2 eq), tris(dibenzylacetone)dipalladium (0) (0.05 eq), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.1 eq), and sodium tert-butoxide (3 eq) were dissolved in toluene, and the mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 12 hours. After cooling, the organic layer obtained by washing the reaction solution three times with ethyl acetate and water was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then dried again under reduced pressure. Subsequently, the product was separated and purified by column chromatography using ethyl acetate and n-hexane to obtain intermediate 1-3 (yield: 51%).

[0541] Synthetic compound 1

[0542] Intermediate 1-3 (1 eq) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene, and the resulting mixture was cooled to 0 °C. Then, BBr3 (5 eq) was slowly injected into the mixture under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the injection was complete, the reaction temperature was raised to 150 °C, and the resulting solution was stirred for 24 hours. After cooling, triethylamine was slowly added dropwise to the flask to terminate the reaction, and ethanol was added for precipitation and filtration to obtain the reaction product. Subsequently, the reaction product was purified by column chromatography using ethyl acetate and n-hexane, and then recrystallized using toluene and acetone to obtain compound 1 (yield: 12%).

[0543] Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Compound 2

[0544]

[0545] Synthetic intermediate 2-1

[0546] Intermediate 2-1 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as intermediate 1-3, except that intermediate 1-2 (1 eq) and aniline (2 eq) were used (yield: 82%).

[0547] Synthetic intermediate 2-2

[0548] Intermediate 2-2 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as intermediate 1-3, except that intermediate 1-2 (1 eq) and 3-bromophenol (1.2 eq) were used (yield: 69%).

[0549] Synthetic intermediates 2-3

[0550] Intermediate 2-2 (1 eq), intermediate 1-2 (1 eq), CuI (0.1 eq), 1,10-phenanthroline (0.1 eq), and K₂CO₃ (3 eq) were dissolved in DMF, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 160 °C for 12 hours. The organic layer obtained by washing the reaction solution three times with ethyl acetate and water was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then dried again under reduced pressure. Subsequently, the product was separated and purified by column chromatography with MC and n-hexane to obtain intermediate 2-3 (yield: 50%).

[0551] Synthetic compound 2

[0552] Compound 2 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as that used to synthesize compound 1, except that intermediates 2-3 were used (yield: 9%).

[0553] Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of Compound 3

[0554]

[0555] Synthetic intermediate 3-1

[0556] Intermediate 3-1 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as intermediates 1-3, except that 8-bromo-10-phenoxy-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline (1 eq) and aniline (1.5 eq) were used (yield: 69%).

[0557] Synthetic intermediate 3-2

[0558] Intermediate 3-2 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as intermediates 1-3, except that intermediate 3-1 (1 eq) and 1-bromo-3-iodobenzene (1.5 eq) were used (yield: 74%).

[0559] Synthetic intermediate 3-3

[0560] Intermediate 3-3 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as intermediate 1-3, except that intermediate 3-2 (1 eq) and aniline (1.5 eq) were used (yield: 79%).

[0561] Synthetic intermediate 3-4

[0562] Intermediate 3-4 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as intermediate 1-3, except that intermediate 3-3 (1 eq) and intermediate 1-2 (1 eq) were used (yield: 61%).

[0563] Synthetic compound 3

[0564] Compound 3 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as that used to synthesize compound 1, except that intermediates 3-4 were used (yield: 10%).

[0565] Synthesis Example 4: Synthesis of Compound 12

[0566]

[0567] Synthetic intermediate 12-1

[0568] Intermediate 12-1 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as intermediates 1-3, except that it used N1,N3-diphenylphenyl-1,3-diamine (1 eq) and 8-([1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yloxy)-10-bromo-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline (2 eq) (yield: 62%).

[0569] Synthetic compound 12

[0570] Compound 12 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as that used to synthesize compound 1, except that intermediate 12-1 was used (yield: 7%).

[0571] Synthesis Example 5: Synthesis of Compound 22

[0572]

[0573] Synthetic intermediate 22-1

[0574] Intermediate 22-1 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as intermediates 1-3, except that intermediates 1-2 (1 eq) and 2-aminobiphenyl (1.3 eq) were used (yield: 80%).

[0575] Synthetic intermediate 22-2

[0576] Intermediate 22-2 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as intermediates 1-3, except that intermediate 22-1 (1 eq) and 3-bromophenol (1.2 eq) were used (yield: 66%).

[0577] Synthetic intermediate 22-3

[0578] Intermediate 22-3 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as intermediate 2-3, except that intermediate 22-2 (1 eq) and intermediate 1-2 (1 eq) were used (yield: 44%).

[0579] Synthetic compound 22

[0580] Compound 22 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as that used to synthesize compound 1, except that intermediate 22-3 was used (yield: 12%).

[0581] Synthesis Example 6: Synthesis of Compound 24

[0582]

[0583] Synthetic intermediate 24-1

[0584] Intermediate 24-1 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as intermediates 1-3, except that intermediates 3-2 (1 eq) and 22-1 (1 eq) were used (yield: 49%).

[0585] Synthetic compound 24

[0586] Compound 24 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as that used to synthesize compound 1, except that intermediate 24-1 was used (yield: 16%).

[0587] Synthesis Example 7: Synthesis of Compound 25

[0588]

[0589] Synthetic intermediate 25-1

[0590] Intermediate 25-1 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as intermediates 1-3, except that intermediate 2-1 (1 eq) and N1-(3-bromophenyl)-N1,N3,N3,N5,N5-pentaphenylbenzene-1,3,5-triamine (1 eq) were used (yield: 77%).

[0591] Synthetic compound 25

[0592] Compound 25 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as that used to synthesize compound 1, except that intermediate 25-1 was used (yield: 18%).

[0593] Synthesis Example 8: Synthesis of Compound 27

[0594]

[0595] Synthetic intermediate 27-1

[0596] Intermediate 27-1 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as intermediate 2-3, except that intermediate 2-2 (1 eq) and 5-bromo-N1,N1,N3,N3-tetraphenylphenyl-1,3-diamine (1 eq) were used (yield: 60%).

[0597] Synthetic compound 27

[0598] Compound 27 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as compound 1, except that intermediate 27-1 was used (yield: 12%).

[0599] Synthesis Example 9: Synthesis of Compound 28

[0600]

[0601] Synthetic intermediate 28-1

[0602] Intermediate 28-1 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as intermediates 1-3, except that intermediate 3-1 (1 eq) and N1-(3-bromophenyl)-N1,N3,N3,N5,N5-pentaphenylbenzene-1,3,5-triamine (1 eq) were used (yield: 63%).

[0603] Synthetic compound 28

[0604] Compound 28 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as that used to synthesize compound 1, except that intermediate 28-1 was used (yield: 11%).

[0605] Synthesis Example 10: Synthesis of Compound 46

[0606]

[0607] Synthetic intermediate 46-1

[0608] Intermediate 46-1 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as intermediates 1-3, except that intermediates 3-2 (1 eq) and 10-1 (1 eq) were used (yield: 51%).

[0609] Synthetic compound 46

[0610] Compound 46 was synthesized in essentially the same manner as that used to synthesize compound 1, except that intermediate 46-1 was used (yield: 8%).

[0611] The synthetic compounds in Table 1 were synthesized through... 1 Identification was performed using 1H NMR and MS / FAB. Those skilled in the art can easily identify other compounds besides those shown in Table 1 by referring to the above synthetic routes and source materials.

[0612] Table 1

[0613]

[0614]

[0615] Example 1

[0616] As the anode, Corning 15 Ω / cm 2 (1,200 Å) ITO glass substrates were cut to dimensions of 50 mm x 50 mm x 0.7 mm, ultrasonically treated with isopropanol and pure water for 5 minutes each, and then cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet radiation and ozone for 30 minutes. The ITO glass substrates were then supplied to a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0617] N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (NPD) was vacuum deposited on an ITO glass substrate to form a hole injection layer with a thickness of 300 Å.

[0618] After forming the hole injection layer, HT3 is vacuum deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer with a thickness of 200 Å, and CzSi is vacuum deposited on the hole transport layer to form an emission auxiliary layer with a thickness of 100 Å.

[0619] mCP (the host) and compound 1 (the dopant) were co-deposited on the emission-assisted layer at a weight ratio of 99:1 to form an emission layer with a thickness of 200 Å.

[0620] Subsequently, TSPO1 was deposited on the emitter layer to form an electron transport layer with a thickness of 200 Å, and TPBi was deposited on the electron transport layer to form a buffer layer with a thickness of 300 Å.

[0621] LiF is deposited on a buffer layer to form an electron injection layer with a thickness of 10 Å, Al is vacuum deposited on the electron injection layer to form an electrode with a thickness of 3,000 Å, and then HT28 is vacuum deposited on the electrode to form a capping layer with a thickness of 700 Å, thereby completing the fabrication of the light-emitting device.

[0622]

[0623] Examples 2 to 20 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10

[0624] The light-emitting device is manufactured in essentially the same manner as in Example 1, except that the materials shown in Table 2 are used instead of HT3 in forming the hole transport layer, and the materials shown in Table 2 are used instead of Compound 1 in forming the emission layer.

[0625] Evaluation Example 1

[0626] To evaluate the characteristics of the light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 20 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10, measurements were taken at 10 mA / cm². 2The driving voltage, luminous efficiency, and maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) at the given current density were determined. For each light-emitting device, the driving voltage was measured using a source meter (Keithley Instrument, 2400 series), and the maximum EQE was measured using an external quantum efficiency measurement device C9920-2-12 from Hamamatsu Photonics Inc. When evaluating the maximum EQE, the luminance / current density was measured using a luminance meter calibrated for wavelength sensitivity, and the maximum EQE was converted under the assumption of an angular luminance distribution (Lambertian) relative to a perfectly diffuse surface. The results of the characteristic evaluation of the light-emitting devices are shown in Table 2.

[0627] Table 2

[0628]

[0629]

[0630]

[0631]

[0632] Referring to Table 2, it can be seen that, compared with the light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 10, the light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 20 have a lower driving voltage, increased luminous efficiency, and increased maximum EQE.

[0633] It should be understood that the embodiments described herein should be considered descriptive only and not for limiting purposes. The description of features or aspects in each embodiment should generally be considered applicable to other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A light-emitting device, comprising: First electrode; The second electrode facing the first electrode, and An emitter layer is included between the first electrode and the second electrode. The interlayer further includes a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emitter layer. The hole transport region includes a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof, and The emission layer comprises at least one fused-ring compound represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2: Formula 1-1 Formula 1-2 Formula 201 Formula 202 Among them, in Equations 1-1 and 1-2, A1 is *-(CR) 1a R 1b ) m1 -*', A2 is *-(CR) 2a R 2b ) m2 -*', A3 is *-(CR) 3a R 3b ) m3 -*', A4 is *-(CR) 4a R 4b ) m4 -*', m1 to m4 are each an independent integer selected from 1 to 3. * and *' each indicate the binding site with the adjacent atom. X1 is O, S, Se, or N (Z) 1a ), X2 is O, S, Se, or N (Z) 2a ), X3 is O, S, Se, or N (Z) 3a ), X4 is O, S, Se, or N (Z) 4a ), R1 and R2 are either hydrogen or deuterium. R3, R4, R 1a To R 4a R 1b To R 4b and Z 1a To Z 4a Each of the following groups is independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), R5 is -N(Q1)(Q2), d3 and d4 are each independent integers selected from 1 to 4. d5 is an integer selected from 1 to 3. R 10a for: Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro; Each of the following C1-C that was not replaced or was replaced by: 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group or C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthioyl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof; Each of the following C3-Cs was not replaced or was replaced by the others 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy or C6-C 60 Aryl thiols: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthioyl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof; or -If(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(=O)(Q 31 )、-S(=O)2(Q 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), and also Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each of the following is independently: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; C1-C 60 Alkyl; C2-C 60 Alkenyl; C2-C 60 Alkyne group; C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups; or each group is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C. 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C3-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, Among them, in equations 201 and 202, L 201 To L 204 Each is independent as unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, L 205 For *-O-*', *-S-*', *-N(Q) 201 )-*', unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkylene, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 20 alkenyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, * and *' each indicate the binding site with the adjacent atom. xa1 to xa4 are each an independent integer selected from 0 to 5. xa5 is an integer selected from 1 to 10. R 201 To R 204 and Q 201 Each is independent as unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, R 201 and R 202 It can be via a single bond, unsubstituted, or by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a The substituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups are linked together to form an unsubstituted or substituted compound with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups, R 203 and R 204 It can be via a single bond, unsubstituted, or by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a The substituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups are linked together to form an unsubstituted or substituted compound with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups, and na1 is an integer selected from 1 to 4.

2. The light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first electrode is an anode. The second electrode is a cathode. The interlayer further includes an electron transport region between the emitter layer and the second electrode. The hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission assist layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof, and The electron transport region includes a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

3. The light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of m1 to m4 is 3.

4. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the at least one fused ring compound represented by formula 1-1 or formula 1-2 satisfies at least one of conditions 1 to 4: Condition 1: X1 is NR1 Condition 2: X2 is NR2 Condition 3: X3 is NR3 Condition 4: X4 is NR4.

5. The light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein R3, R4, R 1a To R 4a R 1b To R 4b and Z 1a To Z 4a Each is selected independently from: Hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl and C1-C 20 Alkoxy; Each is selected from at least one of the following C1-C substituted. 20 Alkyl and C1-C 20 Alkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, -CF3, -CF2H, -CFH2, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 10 Alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, norbornyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, and pyrimidinyl; Each of the following is substituted with at least one of the following: cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, norbornenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, C1-C 10 Alkylphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranthyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, pyrrolyl, thiophene, furanyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazole, purine, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinolinyl, carbazole, phenanthrylolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, benzoisothiazolyl, benzoxazole alkyl, benzoisoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, azacarbazolyl, azadibenzofuranyl, azadibenzothiophenyl, azafluorenyl and azadibenzothiophenyl: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, -CF3, -CF2H, -CFH2, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazyl, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, norbornyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, C1-C 10 Alkylphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranthyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, isoindole, indole, indazole, purine, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinolinyl, carbazole, phenanthryl Polylyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, benzocarbazoleyl, dibenzocarbazoleyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, azacarbazoleyl, azadibenzofuranyl, azadibenzothiophenyl, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiophenyl, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -P(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 );as well as -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) and -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), and Q1 to Q3 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each is selected independently from: -CH3, -CD3, -CD2H, -CDH2, -CH2CH3, -CH2CD3, -CH2CD2H, -CH2CDH2, -CHDCH3, -CHDCD2H, -CHDCDH2, -CHDCD3, -CD2CD3, -CD2CD2H and -CD2CDH2; and Each of the following is either unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of the following: n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, tert-pentyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazinyl, and triazinyl: deuterium, C1-C 10 Alkyl, phenyl, biphenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, and triazinyl.

6. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein Q1 and Q2 are each independently selected from: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; amidine; hydrazine; hydrazone; C1-C 60 Alkyl; C2-C 60 Alkenyl; C2-C 60 Alkyne group; C1-C 60 Alkoxy group; C3-C 10 cycloalkyl; C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl; C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl; C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl; C6-C 60 Aryl; C1-C 60 Heteroaryl; monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group; monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic group; C1-C substituted with at least one of deuterium, -F and cyano. 60 Alkyl group; C6-C substituted with at least one group selected from deuterium, -F and cyano. 60 Aryl; biphenyl; and terphenyl.

7. The light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein R3 and R4 are each not hydrogen; R3 is hydrogen, and R4 is not hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, and R3 is not hydrogen; or R3 and R4 are both hydrogen.

8. The light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein d5 is 1.

9. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emitting layer comprises at least one fused-ring compound represented by one of formulas 2-1 to 2-8: in, In equations 2-1 to 2-8, A1, A2, X1 to X4, R1 to R4, d3, and d4 are each identical to those described in claim 1, and R 51 To R 53 Each is the same as described in claim 1, R5, but each is not hydrogen.

10. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emitting layer comprises at least one fused-ring compound represented by one of formulas 3-1 to 3-18: in, In formulas 3-1 to 3-18, A1 to A4, X1 to X4, d5 and R1 to R5 are each the same as described in claim 1, wherein R3 and R4 are each not hydrogen.

11. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emitting layer comprises at least one fused-ring compound represented by formula 1-11 or formula 1-12: Formula 1-11 Formula 1-12 in, In Equations 1-11 and 1-12, X1 to X4, R1 to R5, and d3 to d5 are each identical to those described in claim 7, and R6 and R7 are each identical to those described in Equations 1-1 and 1-2. 10a The descriptions are the same, and d6 and d7 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 12.

12. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emitting layer comprises at least one fused ring compound, wherein the emitting layer is composed of... The part represented is one of equations 4-1 to 4-10: in, In equations 4-1 to 4-10, X1, X3, R3, and d3 are each identical to those described in claim 1, and R 61 To R 72 Each of them is related to R in claim 1 10a The descriptions are the same, where R 61 To R 72 Each is not hydrogen, and * and *' each indicate the binding site with the adjacent atom.

13. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emitting layer comprises at least one fused-ring compound selected from compounds 1 to 46: 。 14. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emitting layer emits light having a maximum emission wavelength in the range of 400 nm to 500 nm.

15. A light-emitting device, comprising: First electrode; The second electrode facing the first electrode; as well as An emitter layer is included between the first electrode and the second electrode. The light-emitting device further includes a second capping layer outside the second electrode and having a refractive index equal to or greater than 1.6, and The emission layer comprises at least one fused-ring compound represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2: Formula 1-1 Formula 1-2 Among them, in Equations 1-1 and 1-2, A1 is *-(CR) 1a R 1b ) m1 -*', A2 is *-(CR) 2a R 2b ) m2 -*', A3 is *-(CR) 3a R 3b ) m3 -*', A4 is *-(CR) 4a R 4b ) m4 -*', m1 to m4 are each an independent integer selected from 1 to 3. * and *' each indicate the binding site with the adjacent atom. X1 is O, S, Se, or N (Z) 1a ), X2 is O, S, Se, or N (Z) 2a ), X3 is O, S, Se, or N (Z) 3a ), X4 is O, S, Se, or N (Z) 4a ), R1 and R2 are either hydrogen or deuterium. R3, R4, R 1a To R 4a R 1b To R 4b and Z 1a To Z 4a Each of the following groups is independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), R5 is -N(Q1)(Q2), d3 and d4 are each independent integers selected from 1 to 4. d5 is an integer selected from 1 to 3. R 10a for: Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro; Each of the following C1-C that was not replaced or was replaced by: 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group or C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthioyl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof; Each of the following C3-Cs was not replaced or was replaced by the others 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy or C6-C 60 Aryl thiols: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthioyl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof; or -If(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(=O)(Q 31 )、-S(=O)2(Q 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), and also Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each of the following is independently: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; C1-C 60 Alkyl; C2-C 60 Alkenyl; C2-C 60 Alkyne group; C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups; or each group is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C. 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C3-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

16. The light-emitting device of claim 15, wherein the encapsulation portion is on the second capping layer.

17. The light-emitting device of claim 16, wherein the encapsulation portion comprises: Inorganic membranes, including silicon nitride, silicon oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or any combination thereof; Organic membranes, comprising polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, acrylic resins, epoxy resins, or any combination thereof; or The combination of the inorganic membrane and the organic membrane.

18. An electronic device comprising: The light-emitting device as described in any one of claims 1 to 17, The electronic device further includes a thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor includes a source electrode and a drain electrode, and The first electrode of the light-emitting device is electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode of the thin-film transistor.

19. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the electronic device further comprises a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touch screen layer, a polarizing layer, or any combination thereof.

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