Image display device and display device

Abstract

An image display device includes: an image forming device 30; an optical element 40 disposed in front of the face of an observer 80; and a movement control device. When an area 85 located on the ear side of the observer 80 is observed from the optical element 40 and is referred to as an area behind the optical element, the image forming device 30 is disposed in the area behind the optical element. An image emitted from the image forming device 30 obliquely enters the optical element 40 from the area behind the optical element, is reflected by the optical element 40, and reaches the pupil 82 of the observer 80. When the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 changes, the optical element 40 is moved using the movement control device, and the position of the image emitted from the image forming device 30 is controlled using the movement control device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an image display device and a display device, and more particularly, to a display device that can be used as, for example, a head-mounted display (HMD), and an image display device suitable for use in the display device. Background Art

[0002] In particular, there is known a Maxwellian view retinal projection display that displays an image by directly projecting an image (light beam) onto the retina of an observer, that is, a Maxwellian view retinal projection head-mounted display (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "retinal projection HMD"). Here, when using such a retinal projection HMD, it is necessary to converge light and align it with the pupil. However, the diameter of the human pupil is in a very narrow range between 2 mm in a bright environment and 7 mm in a dark environment. Therefore, when the retinal projection HMD cannot follow the movement of the eyeball (mainly rotation of the eyeball), the image (light beam) deviates from the observer's pupil. This results in an inability to continuously and correctly observe the image.

[0003] Techniques for moving an eyepiece optical system in a retinal projection HMD are known, and are disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-294605. Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, the scanning display device disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-294605 includes:

[0004] A light source 101,

[0005] A scanning unit 104 that scans a light beam from the light source 101,

[0006] A scanning optical system 105 that collects the light beam from the scanning unit 104, and

[0007] An eyepiece optical system 106 that guides the light beam from the scanning optical system 105 to an exit pupil that is aligned with the observer's eye,

[0008] The light beam propagating from the scanning optical system 105 to the eyepiece optical system 106 is telecentric,

[0009] The eyepiece optical system 106 includes a first reflecting surface 106c that reflects the light beam from the scanning optical system 105 to be guided to the exit pupil,

[0010] The scanning display device includes a first mechanism 110 that enables the eyepiece optical system 106 to move parallel to the direction in which the light beam propagates from the scanning optical system 105 to the eyepiece optical system 106 with respect to the scanning optical system 105 and the scanning unit 104.

[0011] In addition to horizontal movement, an optical system shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-294605 can be used to vertically move the exit pupil 107. Figure 10 The optical system shown in Figure 10 is used to vertically move the exit pupil 107.

[0012] In the scanning display device disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-294605, the main part of the scanning optical system 105 and the first reflection surface 106c are arranged in a hypothetical plane orthogonal to the observer's pupil axis (represented by the Z-axis) (the X-axis represents the horizontal direction and the Y-axis represents the vertical direction). In addition, the first reflection surface 106c bends the light beam from the scanning optical system 105 by ninety degrees and makes the light beam incident on the observer's eye. The first reflection surface 106c moves within the XY plane. In addition, according to the movement of the first reflection surface 106c, the condenser optical system 102, which is a movable optical system, moves in the direction of its optical axis to move the position of the image point of the light beam from the light source unit 101.

[0013] Citation List

[0014] Patent Documents

[0015] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-294605 Summary of the Invention

[0016] Technical Problem

[0017] Note that in the scanning display device disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-294605, the first reflection surface 106c bends the light beam from the scanning optical system 105 by ninety degrees and makes the light beam incident on the observer's eye. Therefore, when the first reflection surface 106c is orthogonally projected onto the xz plane, the thickness of the eyepiece optical system 106 increases. This makes it difficult to make the eyepiece optical system 106 smaller. This difficulty in making the eyepiece optical system 106 smaller is a great obstacle to the practical use of a head-mounted display including the design of the head-mounted display. In addition, it is difficult to make the first reflection surface 106c, which is a movable part, smaller. Therefore, in practice, it is difficult for the first reflection surface 106c to follow the high-speed movement of the eyeball, and it is also difficult to reduce the power consumption for moving the eyepiece optical system 106.

[0018] Therefore, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a display device that can be made smaller and lighter, and an image display device suitable for use in the display device.

[0019] Solution to the Problem

[0020] To achieve the above object, an image display device according to the first aspect or the second aspect of the present disclosure includes:

[0021] An image forming device,

[0022] an optical element disposed in front of an observer's face, and

[0023] a movement control device, wherein

[0024] when an area located on the ear side of the observer is referred to as an area behind the optical element when observed from the optical element, the image forming device is disposed in the area behind the optical element, and

[0025] an image emitted from the image forming device obliquely enters the optical element from the area behind the optical element, is reflected by the optical element, and reaches the observer's pupil.

[0026] Furthermore, in the image display device according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, when the position of the observer's pupil changes, the optical element is moved using the movement control device, and the position of the image emitted from the image forming device is controlled using the movement control device. Furthermore, in the image display device according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, when the position of the observer's pupil changes, the image forming device is moved using the movement control device.

[0027] To achieve the above object, the display device of the present disclosure includes:

[0028] a frame worn by an observer, and

[0029] an image display device mounted on the frame, the image display device being an image display device according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, or an image display device according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, or a combination of an image display device according to the first aspect of the present disclosure and an image display device according to the second aspect of the present disclosure. Description of the Drawings

[0030] Figure 1 Schematically shows the display device of the first embodiment as viewed from the front.

[0031] Figure 2A and 2B are respectively a conceptual diagram of the display device of the first embodiment as viewed from above the observer, and a diagram for describing the relationship between the X axis and the X axis.

[0032] Figure 3A and 3B are conceptual diagrams of the optical element etc. as viewed from above, which are used to describe the operation of the image display device of the first embodiment.

[0033] Figure 4A and 4B are conceptual diagrams of the optical element etc. as viewed from above, which are in Figure 3BThereafter, and for describing the operation of the image display device of the first embodiment.

[0034] Figure 5A and 5B are conceptual diagrams of optical elements and the like viewed from above, which are used to describe the operation of the image display device of the first embodiment.

[0035] Figure 6A and 6B are conceptual diagrams of optical elements and the like viewed from above, which are after Figure 5B and are used to describe the operation of the image display device of the first embodiment.

[0036] Figure 7 Schematically shows the display device of the second embodiment viewed from the front.

[0037] Figure 8A and 8B are conceptual diagrams of optical elements and the like viewed from the side, which are used to describe the operation of the image display device of the second embodiment.

[0038] Figure 9A and 9B are conceptual diagrams of optical elements and the like viewed from the side, which are after Figure 8B and are used to describe the operation of the image display device of the second embodiment.

[0039] Figure 10 Schematically shows a variant of the display device of the second embodiment viewed from the front.

[0040] Figure 11 Schematically shows the display device of the third embodiment viewed from the front.

[0041] Figure 12A and 12B are conceptual diagrams of optical elements and the like viewed from above, which are used to describe the operation of the image display device of the third embodiment.

[0042] Figure 13 Schematically shows the display device of the fourth embodiment viewed from the front.

[0043] Figure 14A and 14B are conceptual diagrams of optical elements and the like viewed from the side, which are used to describe the operation of the image display device of the fourth embodiment.

[0044] Figure 15A and 15B are conceptual diagrams of optical elements and the like viewed from the side, which are used to describe the operation of the image display devices of the sixth and seventh embodiments.

[0045] Figures 16A to 16CIt is a schematic diagram for describing the condensing member included in the image forming apparatus according to the seventh embodiment.

[0046] Figure 17 It is a conceptual diagram of the image display device included in the display device according to the eighth embodiment.

[0047] Figure 18 It is a conceptual diagram of the display device according to the ninth embodiment as viewed from above the observer.

[0048] Figure 19 It is a conceptual diagram of a modification of the display device according to the first embodiment as viewed from above the observer.

[0049] Figure 20A and 20B It is a conceptual diagram of a modification of the image forming apparatus.

[0050] Figure 21 It is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an enlarged portion of the holographic diffraction grating. Detailed Description

[0051] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described based on embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments, and various numerical values and materials in the embodiments are merely illustrative. Note that the description will be made in the following order.

[0052] 1. General description of the image display device according to the first and second aspects of the present disclosure and the display device of the present disclosure

[0053] 2. First embodiment (image display device according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, and display device of the present disclosure)

[0054] 3. Second embodiment (modification of the first embodiment)

[0055] 4. Third embodiment (image display device according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, and display device of the present disclosure)

[0056] 5. Fourth embodiment (modification of the third embodiment)

[0057] 6. Fifth embodiment (combination of the first and fourth embodiments)

[0058] 7. Sixth embodiment (modification of the fifth embodiment)

[0059] 8. Seventh embodiment (modification of the sixth embodiment)

[0060] 9. Eighth embodiment (another modification of the sixth embodiment)

[0061] 10. Ninth embodiment (modification of the first to eighth embodiments)

[0062] 11. Others

[0063] <Image display device according to the first and second aspects of the present disclosure and general description of the display device of the present disclosure>

[0064] In the image display device according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, or the image display device according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, which is included in the display device of the present disclosure (hereinafter, they may be collectively referred to as "image display devices etc. according to the first aspect of the present disclosure"), a mobile control device can be used to move an optical element in a direction corresponding to a horizontal change in the observer's pupil position. Note that, for convenience, this movement of the optical element may be referred to as "horizontal movement of the optical element".

[0065] Furthermore, in the image display device etc. according to the first aspect of the present disclosure including such a favorable configuration, a mobile control device can be used to move an image forming device in a direction corresponding to a vertical change in the observer's pupil position. Note that, for convenience, this movement of the image forming device may be referred to as "vertical movement of the image forming device". Furthermore, in this case,

[0066] the image forming device may include a 4F optical system through which the image exiting from the image forming device passes, and

[0067] a mobile control device can be used to move the 4F optical system in a direction corresponding to a vertical change in the observer's pupil position.

[0068] Furthermore, the image forming device may include a mirror that reflects the image exiting from the image forming device, and

[0069] a mobile control device can be used to change the light reflection angle of the mirror.

[0070] Furthermore, in the image display device etc. according to the first aspect of the present disclosure including the above favorable configuration, a mobile control device can be used to move an optical element in a direction corresponding to a vertical change in the observer's pupil position. Note that, for convenience, this movement of the optical element may be referred to as "vertical movement of the optical element".

[0071] Here, mainly due to the rotation of the observer's eyeball, the pupil position changes horizontally or vertically, or horizontally and vertically.

[0072] In an image display device or the like including the above advantageous configuration according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the optical element may include a reflective holographic diffraction grating. In this case, the reflective holographic diffraction grating may include a condensing function. That is, the reflective holographic diffraction grating may include the function of a concave mirror. In addition, the optical element may include a concave mirror. Further, in the above advantageous configuration, the light beam emitted from the image forming device may be incident on the optical element in a telecentric state. This makes it possible to reduce various aberrations and prevent the size of the image from changing due to the movement of the optical element. Further, in an image display device or the like according to the first aspect of the present disclosure including the above advantageous configuration, the optical element may include a lens having a positive optical power and a plane mirror, and the lens is the lens through which the image emitted from the image forming device passes.

[0073] Further, in an image display device or the like according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, a movement control device may be used to rotate the optical element according to a change in the position of the observer's pupil in a direction parallel to the vertical direction. Further, in an image display device or the like according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, a movement control device may also be used to change the arrangement angle of the optical element according to a change in the position of the observer's pupil in a direction parallel to the vertical direction. Note that in these cases, when the position of the observer's pupil changes parallel to the horizontal direction, it is only necessary to horizontally move the optical element using the movement control device.

[0074] In an image display device according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, or an image display device according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, which is included in the display device of the present disclosure (hereinafter they may be collectively referred to as "image display devices or the like according to the second aspect of the present disclosure"), the optical element may include a reflective holographic diffraction grating. In this case, the reflective holographic diffraction grating may include a condensing function. Further, the light beam emitted from the image forming device may be incident on the optical element in a telecentric state. This makes it possible to reduce various aberrations and prevent the size of the image from changing due to the movement of the optical element.

[0075] Further, in an image display device or the like including the above advantageous configuration according to the first and second aspects of the present disclosure, the image forming device may include a dispersion compensation element.

[0076] The display device of the present disclosure including the above advantageous configuration may include a right-eye image display device and a left-eye image display device.

[0077] Further, the display device of the present disclosure including the above various advantageous configurations may be worn on the head of an observer. That is, the display device of the present disclosure may be a head-mounted display (HMD), that is, in particular, a Maxwellian-view retinal projection HMD.

[0078] The movement control device includes a drive mechanism, and in some cases, the movement control device further includes a position control circuit that controls the position of the image emitted from the image forming device. The drive mechanism includes, for example, a drive device and a slide bar. The movement control device is used to control the position of the image emitted from the image forming device. Specifically, for example, based on a control signal from the position control circuit included in the movement control device, the position of the image emitted from the image forming device (i.e., the position of the image formed by the image forming device or the area of the image emitted from the scanning mechanism described later) can be moved. When the display device includes a right-eye image display device and a left-eye image display device, the amount of movement of the position of the image emitted from the image forming device and the amount of change in the area onto which the image emitted from the image forming device is projected depend on, for example, the amount of parallax or the depth of the three-dimensional stereoscopic image to be displayed.

[0079] The reflective holographic diffraction grating can have a known configuration and structure. The image display device can be a semi-transmissive (perspective) image display device using a holographic diffraction grating, and this enables the outside to be seen through the optical element. In the case where the optical element includes a concave mirror, a plane mirror, or a Fresnel mirror, the concave mirror, the plane mirror, or the Fresnel mirror can be obtained by forming a light reflection film that reflects light of a specific wavelength on the light reflection surface of the transparent member (for convenience, sometimes referred to as the "base") included in the concave mirror, the plane mirror, or the Fresnel mirror. This enables the outside to be seen through the concave mirror, the plane mirror, or the Fresnel mirror.

[0080] Figure 21 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an enlarged portion of the holographic diffraction grating, in which there is an inclination angle (tilt angle) of the interference pattern formed in the holographic diffraction grating. The inclination angle refers to the angle formed by the interference pattern and the surface of the holographic diffraction grating. The interference pattern is formed from the inside of the holographic diffraction grating to the surface of the holographic diffraction grating. The interference pattern satisfies the Bragg condition. The Bragg condition refers to the condition that satisfies the following formula (A). In formula (A), m is a positive integer, λ is the wavelength, d is the spacing of the grating plane (including the interval in the normal direction of the imaginary plane of the interference pattern), and Θ is the complementary angle of the angle at which light is incident on the interference pattern. In addition, when light is incident on the holographic diffraction grating at an incident angle ψ, the relationship between Θ, the inclination angle and the incident angle ψ is represented by formula (B) shown below.

[0081] m·λ=2·d·sin(Θ) (A)

[0082]

[0083] Inclination angle (tilt angle) Optimization of the pitch (d) enables provision of a light-condensing function for the holographic diffraction grating. Examples of materials for the holographic diffraction grating include photopolymer materials. It is sufficient that the material and the basic structure of the holographic diffraction grating are similar to those of the conventional holographic diffraction grating. An interference pattern is formed from the inside to the surface of the holographic diffraction grating, and it is sufficient that the method itself for forming such an interference pattern is similar to the conventional forming method.

[0084] The optical element can be attached to the substrate, or the optical element can be formed on the surface of the substrate. Examples of materials for the substrate or base include plastics or glass. Specifically, when the substrate or base is made of a transparent plastic material, examples of the transparent plastic material include polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate, fluoropolymers such as copolymers of polyvinylidene fluoride or polytetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, polyethers such as polyoxymethylene, polyacetal, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefins such as methylpentene polymers, polyimides such as polyamide-imide or polyetherimide, polyamides, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinylidene fluoride, tetraacetyl cellulose, brominated phenoxy, polyaryl compounds, and polysulfone. When the substrate or base is made of glass, examples of the glass include transparent glass (such as soda-lime glass) and white glass plates. A hard coat including an organic-inorganic mixture layer or an antireflection film made of a fluororesin can be formed on the outer surface of the substrate or base. The substrate is attached to the front part included in the frame. The substrate can be attached to the front part by a driving mechanism, or the substrate can be directly attached to the front part.

[0085] A holographic diffraction grating is an optical element that enables appropriate selection of the path of light other than specularly reflected light (light with different incident and reflection angles), which is different from ordinary reflective optical elements. This enables the optical element to be arranged with a high degree of freedom along the shape of the observer's face, and the holographic diffraction grating is a space-saving optical element appropriately arranged in front of the observer's eyes. In addition, the holographic diffraction grating is a very thin optical element. This provides the advantages of making the device smaller and lighter. Further, the use of the holographic diffraction grating enables a virtual image to be displayed without affecting the light beam incident from the outside world. This is based on two characteristics, namely, the wavelength selectivity and angular selectivity of the holographic diffraction grating. The wavelength selectivity of the holographic diffraction grating is the property of being able to change the direction of light of a specific wavelength by diffracted light. If a light-emitting diode (LED) or semiconductor laser element with a relatively narrow wavelength band is used as the light source included in the image forming device, and if the holographic diffraction grating is designed to diffract only the light of the specified wavelength from the light source, the light from the outside world will be hardly affected by the holographic diffraction grating because the wavelength band of the light from the light source is only a part of the wavelength band of the light from the outside world. In addition, the angular selectivity of the holographic diffraction grating is the property of diffracting only the light incident from a specific angle. The holographic diffraction grating diffracts only the light incident from the area behind the optical element based on the angular selectivity. Therefore, the light incident from the outside world onto the observer's pupil is not affected by the holographic diffraction grating. As described above, based on the wavelength selectivity and angular selectivity, properties suitable for a see-through head-mounted display can be obtained.

[0086] Assume that the observer's pupil axis is represented by the z-axis, the horizontal axis orthogonal to the z-axis is represented by the x-axis, the vertical axis orthogonal to the z-axis and the x-axis is represented by the y-axis, the horizontal axis intersecting the x-axis in the xz plane to form an acute angle θ0 (including 0 degrees) with the x-axis is represented by the X-axis, the vertical axis orthogonal to the X-axis in the xz plane is represented by the Z-axis, and the vertical axis orthogonal to the X-axis and the Z-axis is represented by the Y-axis. The Y-axis may form an acute angle η0 with the yz plane. Note that the pupil axis is defined by a line passing through the center of the incident pupil of the eyeball and orthogonal to the corneal surface (for reference: http: / / www.visionsociety.jp / vision / koumokuPDF / 04lecture / L1989.01.01.pdf ). In an image display device or the like according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, when the observer's pupil position changes, the optical element is moved using a movement control device, and it is assumed that the optical element moves in the XY plane. θ0 may take the values shown below, but this value is not limited thereto:

[0087] -5 (degrees) ≤ θ0 ≤ 5 (degrees).

[0088] An image emitted from an image forming device is incident on an optical element obliquely from a region behind the optical element and exits from the optical element. When a light beam (referred to as "image center beam") emitted from the center of the image formed by the image forming device is incident on the optical element (referred to as incident beam) and exits from the optical element (referred to as exit beam), the angle θ1 formed by the incident beam and the exit beam can take the values shown below, but this value is not limited thereto: 45 (degrees) ≤ θ1 ≤ 80 (degrees).

[0089] In the display device of the present disclosure, the frame includes a front portion disposed in front of an observer, two temple portions rotatably mounted to both ends of the front portion through respective hinges, and a nose pad. The temple end covering portion is mounted at the end of each temple portion. The assembly of the frame (including the frame portion) and the nose pad has substantially the same structure as ordinary glasses. The nose pad may also have a well-known configuration and structure. In addition, the front portion and the two temple portions may be integral. That is, when viewing the entire display device of the present disclosure, the frame generally has substantially the same structure as ordinary glasses. The material of the frame including the nose pad may be the same as that of ordinary glasses, such as metal, alloy, plastic, and combinations thereof.

[0090] The mobile control device includes a drive mechanism. For example, the drive mechanism includes a first drive device and a first slide bar, and includes a second drive device and a second slide bar. For example, as long as the horizontally extending first slide bar is slidably mounted to the first drive device, the first drive device is fixed to the upper or lower part of the front portion, and the optical element (specifically, the substrate) is fixed to the first slide bar. Then, driving the first drive device causes the first slide bar to slide relative to the first drive device, which enables the horizontal movement of the optical element fixed to the first slide bar. Similarly, as long as the vertically extending second slide bar is slidably mounted to the second drive device, the second drive device is fixed to the portion on the ear side of the front portion, and the optical element (specifically, the substrate) is fixed to the second slide bar. Then, driving the second drive device causes the second slide bar to slide relative to the second drive device, which enables the vertical movement of the optical element fixed to the second slide bar. In addition, as long as the horizontally extending first slide bar is slidably mounted to the first drive device, the first drive device is fixed to the portion on the ear side of the front portion, and the whole or a part of the image forming device is fixed to the first slide bar. Then, driving the first drive device causes the first slide bar to slide relative to the first drive device, which enables the horizontal movement of the whole or a part of the image forming device fixed to the first slide bar. Similarly, as long as the vertically extending second slide bar is slidably mounted to the second drive device, the second drive device is fixed to the portion on the ear side of the front portion, and the whole or a part of the image forming device is fixed to the second slide bar. Then, driving the second drive device causes the second slide bar to slide relative to the second drive device, which enables the vertical movement of the whole or a part of the image forming device fixed to the second slide bar. Examples of the combination of the drive device and the slide bar include the combination of a motor and a rack-pinion mechanism, and the combination of a motor and a ball screw mechanism. In addition, the drive mechanism may include a linear actuator.

[0091] Advantageously, a pupil position detection mechanism for detecting the pupil position of an observer is mounted to the front portion. The pupil position detection mechanism may include, for example, a light emitting portion that emits infrared light, and a light receiving portion or an imaging device that receives the infrared light reflected from the pupil of the observer. In addition, the pupil position detection mechanism may include an imaging device that images the pupil of the observer.

[0092] In an image display device or the like including the above various advantageous configurations according to the first and second aspects of the present disclosure, the image forming device may include a plurality of pixels arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. For convenience, the image forming device having such a configuration is referred to as an "image forming device having a first configuration".

[0093] Examples of the image forming apparatus having the first configuration include an image forming apparatus including a reflective spatial light modulation device and a light source, an image forming apparatus including a transmissive spatial light modulation device and a light source, and an image forming apparatus including a light emitting element such as an organic electroluminescence (EL), an inorganic EL, a light emitting diode (LED), and a semiconductor laser element. In particular, it is advantageous that the image forming apparatus having the first configuration is an image forming apparatus (organic EL display device) including an organic EL light emitting element, or an image forming apparatus including a reflective spatial light modulation device and a light source. Examples of the spatial light modulation device include a bulb, for example, a transmissive or reflective liquid crystal display device of liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS); and a digital micromirror device (DMD). Examples of the light source include a light emitting element. Further, the reflective spatial light modulation device may include a liquid crystal display device and a polarization beam splitter, in which a part of the light from the light source is reflected by the polarization beam splitter to be guided to the liquid crystal display device, and a part of the light reflected by the liquid crystal display device passes through the polarization beam splitter to be guided to an optical element. A red light emitting element, a green light emitting element, a blue light emitting element, and a white light emitting element may be used as the light emitting element included in the light source. Further, red light, green light, and blue light respectively emitted by the red light emitting element, the green light emitting element, and the blue light emitting element may be mixed, and a light pipe may be used to make the brightness uniform to obtain white light. Examples of the light emitting element may include a semiconductor laser element, a solid state laser, and an LED. The number of pixels may be determined as long as it is based on the specifications required for the image display device. Examples of specific values of the number of pixels include 320×240, 432×240, 640×480, 1024×768, and 1920×1080. In the image forming apparatus having the first configuration, an aperture may be disposed at the front focal position (the focal point on the image forming apparatus side) of a condensing member (described later).

[0094] Further, in an image display device or the like including the above-described advantageous configuration according to the first and second aspects of the present disclosure, the image forming apparatus may include a light source and a scanning mechanism that scans the light emitted by the light source to form an image. For convenience, such an image forming apparatus is referred to as an "image forming apparatus having the second configuration".

[0095] Examples of light sources included in an image forming apparatus having a second configuration include light emitting elements. Specifically, a red light emitting element, a green light emitting element, a blue light emitting element, and a white light emitting element can be used as the light emitting elements. Further, red light, green light, and blue light respectively emitted by a red light emitting element, a green light emitting element, and a blue light emitting element can be mixed, and a light pipe can be used to make the brightness uniform to obtain white light. Examples of the light emitting elements can include semiconductor laser elements, solid state lasers, and LEDs. It is sufficient to determine the number of pixels (virtual pixels) in the image forming apparatus having the second configuration also based on the specifications required for the image display apparatus. Examples of specific values of the number of pixels (virtual number of pixels) include 320×240, 432×240, 640×480, 1024×768, 1920×1080. Further, when displaying a color image and the light source includes a red light emitting element, a green light emitting element, and a blue light emitting element, colors can be combined using, for example, an X prism. A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) mirror or a galvanometer mirror that scans light emitted by the light source for horizontal scanning and vertical scanning can be used as a scanning mechanism, and the MEMS mirror includes, for example, a two-dimensional rotatable micromirror. In the image forming apparatus having the second configuration, the MEMS mirror or the galvanometer mirror can be disposed at the front focal position (the focal point on the image forming apparatus side) of a condensing member (described later).

[0096] For example, in an image forming apparatus having a first configuration or an image forming apparatus having a second configuration, light is formed into parallel light by a condensing member (an optical system that forms outgoing light into parallel light), and the parallel light is incident on an optical element. By making the light parallel in this way, the image can be incident on the optical element in a telecentric state. Specifically, for example, it is sufficient that the light emitting portion of the image forming apparatus is placed at a point (position) corresponding to the focal length of the condensing member so as to produce parallel light. Examples of the condensing member can include an optical system that has a positive optical power as a whole and in which a convex lens, a concave lens, a free-form surface prism, a holographic lens, or a combination thereof is used alone. In order to prevent unwanted light from being emitted from the condensing member and incident on the optical element, a light blocking portion including an opening can be disposed near the condensing member between the condensing member and the optical element.

[0097] In the display device of the present disclosure including the various advantageous configurations described above, a signal for displaying an image on an image forming device can be received from the outside (outside the system of the display device). In this configuration, information and data regarding the image to be displayed on the image forming device are recorded, held, or stored in, for example, a so-called cloud computer or server. When the image display device includes a communication mechanism such as a telephone line, an optical line, a cellular phone, or a smart phone, or when the image display device and the communication mechanism are used in combination, various information and data can be transmitted and exchanged between the cloud computer or server and the image display device, and a signal based on the various information and data, that is, a signal for displaying an image on the image forming device, can be received. In addition, the signal for displaying an image on the image forming device can be stored in the image display device. The image displayed on the image forming device includes various information and various data. The image display device in the form of a wearable device may include a camera (image capturing device). The image captured by the camera can be transmitted to the cloud computer or server through the communication mechanism, various information and data corresponding to the image captured by the camera can be searched in the cloud computer or server, the various information and data obtained through the search can be transmitted to the image display device through the communication mechanism, and the image can be displayed on the image forming device based on the various information and data obtained through the search.

[0098] For example, a display device according to the present disclosure including the above various configurations can be used to display various information in various sites on the Internet, for example; display various descriptions, symbols, notations, marks, signs, designs, etc. used when observing an observation target such as various devices during driving, operation, maintenance, and disassembly; display various descriptions, symbols, notations, marks, signs, designs, etc. regarding an observation target such as a person and a product; display moving images and still images; display subtitles of a movie, for example; display explanatory text and embedded subtitles regarding a video synchronously with the video; and display various descriptions regarding an observation target in a drama, Kabuki, Noh, Kyogen, opera, concert, ballet, various theaters, amusement parks, museums, tourist attractions, resorts, tourist information services, etc., and explanatory text and embedded subtitles for describing, for example, its details, progress, and background. For games, Kabuki, Noh, Kyogen, opera, concert, ballet, various theaters, amusement parks, museums, tourist attractions, resorts, tourist information services, etc., it is sufficient to display text related to the observation target in the form of an image on the image forming device at an appropriate timing. Specifically, for example, according to the progress of a movie, for example, or according to the progress of a broadcast, based on a specified schedule and time allocation, by an operation performed by an operator, or under the control of a computer, for example, an image control signal is transmitted to the image forming device, and an image is displayed on the image forming device. In addition, various descriptions regarding an observation target such as various devices, a person, and a product are displayed. An image of an observation target such as various devices, a person, and a product is captured by a camera, and the details of the captured image are analyzed by the image forming device. This makes it possible to display various pre-created descriptions regarding an observation target such as various devices, a person, and a product on the image forming device.

[0099] First Embodiment

[0100] The image display device and the display device according to the present disclosure will be described below based on embodiments. An overview of each embodiment is given in Table 1 shown below.

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] The first embodiment relates to an image display device according to the first aspect of the present disclosure and the display device of the present disclosure. Figure 1 The display device of the first embodiment is schematically shown when viewed from the front, Figure 2A is a conceptual diagram of the display device when viewed from above the observer. In addition, Figure 3A , 3B, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 6A, and 6B are conceptual diagrams of an optical element or the like as viewed from above, which are used to describe the operation of the image display device of the first embodiment.

[0104] The display device of the first embodiment or the third embodiment described later includes:

[0105] A frame 10 worn by an observer 80, and

[0106] An image display device mounted on the frame 10, and

[0107] The image display device is the image display device 20 of the first embodiment described below or the third embodiment described later. In addition, the display device of the first embodiment or the third embodiment described later includes a right-eye image display device 20R and a left-eye image display device 20L, and is worn on the head of the observer 80. The display device of the first embodiment or the third embodiment described later is a head-mounted display (HMD), and particularly a Maxwellian-view retinal projection HMD.

[0108] In addition, the image display device 20 of the first embodiment or the third embodiment described later includes:

[0109] An image forming device 30,

[0110] An optical element 40 disposed in front of the face of the observer 80, and

[0111] A movement control device, wherein

[0112] When viewed from the optical element 40, the area 85 on the side of the observer 80's ear is referred to as the area behind the optical element,

[0113] The image forming device 30 is disposed in the area behind the optical element, and

[0114] The image emitted from the image forming device 30 obliquely enters the optical element 40 from the area behind the optical element, is reflected by the optical element 40, and reaches the pupil 82 of the observer 80.

[0115] In addition, when the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 changes (specifically, when the position of the pupil 82 changes mainly due to the rotational movement of the observer 80's eyeball 81), the movement control device is used to move the optical element 40, and the movement control device is used to control the position of the image emitted from the image forming device 30.

[0116] In the image display device 20 of the first embodiment or the third embodiment described later, the frame 10 includes a front portion 11 disposed in front of the observer 80, two temple portions 12 respectively rotatably mounted to both ends of the front portion 11 through corresponding hinges (not shown), and a nose pad (not shown). A temple end covering portion (not shown) is mounted to the end of each temple portion 12. The assembly of the frame 10 and the nose pad has substantially the same structure as that of ordinary glasses. Note that the front portion 11 and the two temple portions 12 may be integral.

[0117] In the image display device 20 of the first embodiment or the third embodiment described later, the optical element 40 includes a reflective holographic diffraction grating. The reflective holographic diffraction grating has a light condensing function. That is, the reflective holographic diffraction grating has a function as a concave mirror. The image display device 20 may be a semi-transmissive (perspective) image display device that uses a holographic diffraction grating as the optical element 40, and this enables the outside to be seen through the optical element 40. The optical element 40 is mounted to a substrate 41 made of a plastic material or glass (specifically, bonded to the substrate 41). In addition, the light beam emitted from the image forming device 30 is incident on the optical element 40 in a telecentric state. In addition, the image forming device 30 includes a light condensing member 34 having a positive optical power and through which the image emitted from the image forming device 30 passes.

[0118] The movement control device includes a drive mechanism and also includes a position control circuit (not shown) that controls the position of the image emitted from the image forming device.

[0119] That is, in the movement control device 50A of the first embodiment, the drive mechanism specifically includes a first drive device 51 and a first slide bar 52. In addition, the movement control device 50A is used to control the position of the image emitted from the image forming device. Specifically, the position of the image emitted from the image forming device 30 is moved based on a control signal from the position control circuit.

[0120] Specifically, as long as the horizontally extending first slide bar 52 is slidably mounted to the first drive device 51, the first drive device 51 is fixed to the upper or lower part of the front portion 11 (fixed to the upper part in the shown example), and the optical element 40 is fixed to the first slide bar 52 through a mounting member 53. Here, the optical element 40 is bonded to the substrate 41, and as long as the substrate 41 is fixed to the mounting member 53, then the first drive device 51 is driven to slide the first slide bar 52 relative to the first drive device 51, which enables the optical element 40 fixed to the first slide bar 52 to be moved horizontally. Examples of the combination of the first drive device 51 and the first slide bar 52, or the combination of the drive device and the slide bar described below, include the combination of a motor and a rack-pinion mechanism, and the combination of a motor and a ball screw mechanism. In addition, the drive mechanism may include a linear actuator.

[0121] The image forming apparatus 30 of the first embodiment or the third embodiment described later is an image forming apparatus having a second configuration, and the image forming apparatus having the second configuration includes, but is not limited to, light sources 31R, 31G, 31B, and a scanning mechanism 32 that scans the light emitted by the light sources 31R, 31G, and 31B respectively to form an image.

[0122] Examples of the light sources 31R, 31G, 31B included in the image forming apparatus 30 include light emitting elements. Specifically, a red light emitting element 31R, a green light emitting element 31G, and a blue light emitting element 31B can be used as the light emitting elements. Examples of the light emitting elements can include semiconductor laser elements, solid state lasers, and LEDs. For example, the scanning mechanism 32 is a MEMS mirror including a two-dimensionally rotatable micromirror, and horizontally scans and vertically scans the light emitted by the light sources 31R, 31G, and 31B. In the image forming apparatus 30, the MEMS mirror is disposed at the front focal position (the focal position on the image forming apparatus side) of the condensing member 34. The light sources 31R, 31G, 31B, and the scanning mechanism 32 are accommodated in a housing 33, and the housing 33 is mounted, for example, to the temple portion 12.

[0123] A pupil position detection mechanism 90 for detecting the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 is mounted to the lower part of the front portion 11. The pupil position detection mechanism 90 includes, for example, a light emitting portion that emits infrared light, and a light receiving portion or an imaging device that receives the infrared light reflected from the pupil 82 of the observer 80. In addition, the pupil position detection mechanism 90 may include an imaging device that images the pupil 82 of the observer 80.

[0124] In the image forming apparatus 30 of the first embodiment or the third embodiment described later, the light is formed into parallel light by a condensing member 34 (an optical system that forms the outgoing light into parallel light), and the parallel light is incident on the optical element 40. Forming the light into parallel light in this way enables the image to be incident on the optical element 40 in a telecentric state. Examples of the condensing member 34 for generating parallel light can include an optical system that has a positive optical power as a whole and in which a convex lens, a concave lens, a free prism, a holographic lens, or a combination thereof is used alone. Note that the drawings show the condensing member 34 in the form of a single lens. However, the condensing member 34 may include a plurality of lenses or a combination of a lens and a prism.

[0125] In the first embodiment, when the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 changes, the optical element 40 is moved using the movement control device 50A, and it is assumed that the optical element 40 moves in the XY plane. In addition, the above θ0 (refer to Figure 2B ) can take the values shown below, but the values are not limited to this:

[0126] -5 (degrees) ≤ θ0 ≤ 5 (degrees), and

[0127] Specifically, θ0 = 0 degrees. In this case, the above-mentioned x-axis and X-axis coincide with each other, the above-mentioned y-axis and Y-axis coincide with each other, and the above-mentioned z-axis and Z-axis coincide with each other. The image emitted from the image forming device 30 obliquely enters the optical element from the area behind the optical element 40, and the angle θ1 (refer to FIG. 3) formed by the light beam incident on the optical element 40 and the light beam emitted from the optical element 40 can take the values shown below, but this value is not limited thereto:

[0128] 45 (degrees) ≤ θ1 ≤ 80 (degrees), and

[0129] Specifically, θ0 = 55 degrees.

[0130] In addition, in the image display device 20 of the first embodiment, the moving control device 50A is used to move the optical element 40 in a direction corresponding to the horizontal change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 (specifically, mainly due to the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80, the horizontal change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80). That is, the moving control device 50A is used to horizontally move the optical element 40.

[0131] The following refers to Figure 3A 、 3B 、4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 6A and 6B to describe the movement of the optical element and the like. Note that in Figure 3A 、 3B 、4B, 5A, 5B, 6B, 8A, 9B, 12B, 14B and 15B, the maximum area of the image that can be output by the image forming device is indicated by a dotted line, the area of the image output by the image forming device is indicated by a dashed line, and the image center beam is indicated by a solid line LC, LC' or LC".

[0132] As Figure 3A shown, the light (image) emitted from the scanning mechanism 32 and formed into parallel light by the condensing member 34 obliquely enters the optical element 40 from the area behind the optical element, is reflected by the optical element 40, and reaches the center CP of the pupil 82 of the observer 80. Note that the light (image) emitted from the scanning mechanism 32 is indicated by solid lines and dashed lines. The light beam LC indicated by the solid line represents the light beam emitted from the center of the image formed by the image forming device, and as described above, the light beam LC is called the image center beam. In addition, the center point of the optical element 40 is indicated by "O". The image center beam LC enters the center point O of the optical element 40. Here, the center point of the optical element 40 is the intersection of the optical axis of the optical element 40 and the optical element 40.

[0133] Next, assume a horizontal change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 (specifically, a horizontal change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 mainly due to the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80), as Figure 3B shown. In the illustrated example, the horizontal change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 is the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80 toward the nose of the observer 80. Accordingly, there is a deviation between the light convergence and the center CP of the pupil. Note that, in the figure, the nose of the observer 80 is denoted by reference numeral 83.

[0134] Accordingly, as Figure 4A shown, the optical element 40 is horizontally moved using the movement control device 50A (in the illustrated example, in the X-axis direction and in the direction toward the nose of the observer 80). In this state, the light (image) emitted from the scanning mechanism 32 and formed into parallel light by the condensing member 34 is reflected by the optical element 40, but the image center light beam LC does not reach the center CP of the pupil 82 of the observer 80. In order for the image center light beam LC to reach the center CP of the pupil 82 of the observer 80, it is necessary to move the image center light beam LC to the position of the image center light beam LC'.

[0135] Accordingly, the position of the image emitted from the image forming device 30 is controlled using the movement control device 50A. Specifically, based on a control signal from a position control circuit included in the movement control device 50A, the position of the image emitted from the image forming device 30 is moved. That is, the image formed by the image forming device is moved based on a control signal from a position control circuit included in the movement control device 50A so that the image center light beam LC' is incident on the center point O of the optical element 40, as Figure 4B shown. Accordingly, the image center light beam LC coincides with the image center light beam LC'. More specifically, the scanning mechanism 32 is designed such that the scanning mechanism 32 can scan an area larger than the image to be displayed. As described above, the maximum area of the image that can be output by the image forming device is indicated by a dashed line. In addition, the area of the image output by the image forming device is indicated by a dotted line. Then, as long as a part of the area that can be scanned by the scanning mechanism 32 is used for image formation. That is, as long as the image area emitted from the scanning mechanism 32 is moved so that the image center light beam LC' is incident on the center point O of the optical element 40. Accordingly, the light (image) formed into parallel light by the condensing member 34 is obliquely incident on the optical element 40 from the area behind the optical element, is reflected by the optical element 40, and reaches the center CP of the pupil 82 of the observer 80.

[0136] In Figure 5A , 5B, in the examples shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the horizontal change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 is the rotation of the observer's eyeball 81 towards the observer's ear. Apart from this, Figure 5A , 5B , the description related to FIGS. 6A and 6B is similar to the description related to Figure 3A , 3B , FIGS. 4A and 4B. Therefore, its detailed description is omitted.

[0137] The image display device of the first embodiment is different from the prior art in that the image forming device is arranged in the area behind the optical element. The image emitted from the image forming device obliquely enters the optical element from the area behind the optical element, is reflected by the optical element, and reaches the observer's pupil. In addition, when the position of the observer's pupil changes, the optical element is moved using the movement control device, and the position of the image emitted from the image forming device is controlled using the movement control device. This enables the image display device to be made smaller and lighter. Since the image display device can be made smaller and lighter, the image display device can follow the rapid movement of the observer's pupil, the energy (power consumption) required to move the optical element can be reduced, and the image display device can be designed with a high degree of freedom.

[0138] Second Embodiment

[0139] The second embodiment is a variant of the first embodiment. Figure 7 Schematically shows the display device of the second embodiment as viewed from the front, Figure 8A , 8B , FIGS. 9A and 9B are conceptual diagrams of the optical element and the like as viewed from the side, for describing the operation of the image display device of the second embodiment.

[0140] In the image display device of the second embodiment, the movement control device 50B is used to move the optical element 40 in a direction corresponding to the vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 (specifically, the vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 mainly caused by the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80). That is, the movement control device 50B vertically moves the optical element 40.

[0141] Similar to the case of the first embodiment, the movement control device 50B includes a drive mechanism and also includes a position control circuit (not shown) for controlling the position of the image emitted from the image forming device. Specifically, the drive mechanism includes a second drive device 54 and a second slide bar 55. In addition, the movement control device 50B is used to control the position of the image emitted from the image forming device. Specifically, the position of the image emitted from the image forming device 30 is moved based on the control signal from the position control circuit.

[0142] More specifically, as long as the vertically extending second slide bar 55 is slidably mounted to the second drive device 54, the second drive device 54 is fixed to a portion on the ear side of the front part 11 (specifically, fixed to the temple part 12), and the optical element 40 (specifically, the base body 41) is fixed to the second slide bar 55 by the mounting member 56. Then, the second drive device 54 is driven to slide the second slide bar 55 relative to the second drive device 54, and this enables the optical element 40 fixed to the second slide bar 55 to be moved vertically.

[0143] The movement of the optical element and the like will be described below with reference to Figure 8A 、 8B 、9A and 9B.

[0144] As Figure 8A shown, the light (image) emitted from the scanning mechanism 32 and formed into parallel light by the condenser member 34 is obliquely incident on the optical element 40 from a region behind the optical element, reflected by the optical element 40, and reaches the center CP of the pupil 82 of the observer 80. The image center light beam LC is incident on the center point O of the optical element 40.

[0145] Next, it is assumed that there is a vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 (specifically, a vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 mainly caused by the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80), as Figure 8B shown. In the illustrated example, the vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 is the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80 towards the top of the head of the observer 80. Therefore, there is a deviation between the light convergence and the center CP of the pupil.

[0146] Therefore, as Figure 9A shown, the optical element 40 is vertically moved using the movement control device 50B (in the illustrated example, in the Y-axis direction and in the direction towards the top of the head of the observer 80). In this state, the light (image) emitted from the scanning mechanism 32 and formed into parallel light by the condenser member 34 is reflected by the optical element 40, but the image center light beam LC does not reach the center CP of the pupil 82 of the observer 80. In order for the image center light beam LC to reach the center CP of the pupil 82 of the observer 80, it is necessary to

[0147] Therefore, the movement control device 50B is used to control the position of the image emitted from the image forming device 30. Specifically, based on the control signal from the position control circuit included in the movement control device 50B, the position of the image emitted from the image forming device 30 is moved. That is, the image formed by the image forming device is moved based on the control signal from the position control circuit included in the movement control device 50B so that the image center light beam LC' is incident on the center point O of the optical element 40, as Figure 9BAs shown. Therefore, the image center light beam LC coincides with the image center light beam LC'. More specifically, as in the case described in the first embodiment, the scanning mechanism 32 is designed such that the scanning mechanism 32 can scan an area larger than the image to be displayed. Then, as long as a part of the area that can be scanned by the scanning mechanism 32 is used to form the image. That is, as long as the image area emitted from the scanning mechanism 32 is moved so that the image center light beam LC' is incident on the center point O of the optical element 40. Therefore, the light (image) formed into parallel light by the condensing member 34 is obliquely incident on the optical element 40 from the area behind the optical element, is reflected by the optical element 40, and reaches the center CP of the pupil 82 of the observer 80.

[0148] This is also the case when the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 changes downward parallel to the vertical direction except that there is a difference in the moving direction.

[0149] Figure 10 Schematically shows a variant of the display device of the second embodiment when viewed from the front. In this variant, the moving control devices 50A and 50B are used to move the optical element 40 in directions corresponding to changes in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 parallel to the horizontal and vertical directions (specifically, changes in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 parallel to the horizontal and vertical directions caused by the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80). That is, the moving control devices 50A and 50B are used to move the optical element 40 horizontally and vertically. For the Figure 10 display device shown in, it is only necessary to use the moving control device 50A described in the first embodiment and the moving control device 50B described in the second embodiment in combination. The first driving device 51 in the moving control device 50A described in the first embodiment is fixed to the first front part 11A. The first front part 11A is surrounded by the second front part 11B, and the second driving device 54 in the moving control device 50B described in the second embodiment is fixed to the first front part 11B, and the mounting member 56 is fixed to the second front part 11B.

[0150] Third Embodiment

[0151] The third embodiment relates to an image display device according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, and a display device of the present disclosure including the image display device according to the second aspect of the present disclosure. Figure 11 Schematically shows the display device of the third embodiment when viewed from the front, Figure 12A and 12B is a conceptual diagram of the optical element and the like when viewed from above, which are used to describe the operation of the image display device of the third embodiment.

[0152] In the image display device 20 of the third embodiment, when the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 changes, the image forming device 30 is moved in a direction corresponding to the change by the movement control device 50C (specifically, a horizontal change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 mainly caused by the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80). Further, the display device of the third embodiment includes the image display device 20 of the third embodiment.

[0153] Specifically, using the movement control device 50C, the entire image display device 30 is moved in a direction corresponding to the horizontal change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 (that is, a horizontal change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 mainly caused by the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80). That is, the entire image display device 30 is horizontally moved using the movement control device 50C.

[0154] The movement control device 50C includes a drive mechanism. The drive mechanism includes a first drive device 61 and a first slide bar 62. Specifically, as long as the horizontally extending first slide bar 62 is slidably mounted to the first drive device 61, the first drive device 61 is fixed to a portion on the ear side of the front part 11 (or fixed to the temple part 12), and the image display device 30 is fixed to the first slide bar 62 through a mounting member 63. Then, the first drive device 61 is driven to cause the first slide bar 62 to slide relative to the first drive device 61, and this enables the image display device 30 fixed to the first slide bar 62 to be horizontally moved.

[0155] The base 41 to which the optical element 40 is coupled is assembled into the front part 11.

[0156] Next, refer to Figure 3A 、 3B 、12A and 12B to describe the movement of the image forming device and the like.

[0157] As Figure 3A shown, the light (image) that exits from the scanning mechanism 32 and is formed into parallel light by the condensing member 34 obliquely enters the optical element 40 from a region behind the optical element, is reflected by the optical element 40, and reaches the center CP of the pupil 82 of the observer 80. The image center light beam LC enters the center point O of the optical element 40.

[0158] Next, assume that a horizontal change occurs in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 (specifically, a horizontal change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 mainly caused by the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80), as Figure 3B shown. In the illustrated example, the horizontal change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 is the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80 toward the nose of the observer 80. Therefore, there is a deviation in the light convergence from the center CP of the pupil.

[0159] Therefore, as Figure 12A shown, the image display device 30 is moved in a direction corresponding to the horizontal direction (in the illustrated example, in the X-axis direction and in the direction toward the nose of the observer 80) using the movement control device 50C. As long as the image center light beam LC is moved to the position of the image center light beam LC' so that the image center light beam reaches the center CP of the pupil 82 of the observer 80. The light (image) formed as parallel light by the condenser member 34 is reflected by the optical element 40 to reach the center CP of the pupil 82 of the observer 80. Figure 12B This state is shown. Note that the movement of the image forming device 30 is the movement of the entire image forming device 30, that is, the movement of the light sources 31R, 31G, and 31B, the scanning mechanism 32, the housing 33, and the condenser member 34. As described above, the movement control device 50C is used to control the position of the image emitted from the image forming device 30. However, since the entire image forming device 30 is moved, it is not necessary to move the position of the image emitted from the image forming device 30 based on a control signal, which is different from the first and second embodiments.

[0160] The same applies to the case where the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 changes in the direction toward the ear of the observer 80, except that the direction of movement is different.

[0161] The image display device of the third embodiment is different from the conventional technology in that the image forming device is arranged in the area behind the optical element. The image emitted from the image forming device is incident obliquely on the optical element from the area behind the optical element, is reflected by the optical element, and reaches the observer's pupil. In addition, when the position of the observer's pupil changes, the movement control device is used to move the image forming device. This makes it possible to make the image display device smaller and lighter. Since the image display device can be made smaller and lighter, the image display device can follow the rapid movement of the observer's pupil, the energy (power consumption) required to move the optical element can be reduced, and the image display device can be designed with a high degree of freedom. In addition, since the image forming device is arranged in the area behind the optical element, the movement control device is less noticeable when the image display device is viewed from the front.

[0162] Fourth Embodiment

[0163] The fourth embodiment is a modification of the third embodiment. Figure 13 The display device of the fourth embodiment as viewed from the front is schematically shown, Figure 14A and 14B is a conceptual diagram of the optical element and the like as viewed from the side for describing the operation of the image display device of the fourth embodiment.

[0164] In the image display device 20 of the fourth embodiment, the entire image forming device 30 is moved in a direction corresponding to a vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 (i.e., a vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 mainly caused by the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80) using the movement control device 50D. That is, the entire image forming device 30 is vertically moved using the movement control device 50D.

[0165] The movement control device 50D includes a drive mechanism. The drive mechanism includes a second drive device 64 and a second slide bar 65. Specifically, as long as the second slide bar 65 that extends vertically is slidably mounted to the second drive device 64, the second drive device 64 is fixed to a portion on the ear side of the front part 11 (or fixed to the temple part 12), and the image display device 30 is fixed to the second slide bar 65 through a mounting member 66. Then, the second drive device 64 is driven to slide the second slide bar 65 relative to the second drive device 64, and this enables the image display device 30 fixed to the second slide bar 65 to be vertically moved.

[0166] The following describes the movement of the image forming device and the like with reference to Figure 8A 、 8B 、14A and 14B.

[0167] As Figure 8A shown, the light (image) that exits from the scanning mechanism 32 and is formed into parallel light by the condensing member 34 is obliquely incident on the optical element 40 from a region behind the optical element, is reflected by the optical element 40, and reaches the center CP of the pupil 82 of the observer 80. The image center light beam LC is incident on the center point O of the optical element 40.

[0168] Next, it is assumed that a vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 occurs (specifically, a vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 mainly caused by the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80), as Figure 8B shown. In the illustrated example, the vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 is the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80 towards the top of the head of the observer 80. Therefore, there is a deviation in the light convergence from the center CP of the pupil.

[0169] Therefore, as Figure 14A shown, the image display device 30 is moved in a direction corresponding to the vertical direction (in the illustrated example, in the Y-axis direction and in the direction towards the top of the head of the observer 80) using the movement control device 50D. As long as the image center light beam LC is moved to the position of the image center light beam LC' so that the image center light beam reaches the center CP of the pupil 82 of the observer 80. The light (image) formed into parallel light by the condensing member 34 is reflected by the optical element 40 to reach the center CP of the pupil 82 of the observer 80.Figure 14B This state is shown. Note that, as in the case of the third embodiment, the movement of the image forming apparatus 30 is the movement of the entire image forming apparatus 30, that is, the movement of the light sources 31R, 31G, and 31B, the scanning mechanism 32, the housing 33, and the condensing member 34. As described above, the movement control device 50D is used to control the position of the image emitted from the image forming apparatus 30. However, as in the case of the third embodiment, since the entire image forming apparatus 30 is moved, it is not necessary to move the position of the image emitted from the image forming apparatus 30 based on the control signal.

[0170] In a modification of the image display device 20 of the fourth embodiment, the movement control device is used to move the image forming apparatus 30 in a direction corresponding to changes in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 parallel to the horizontal and vertical directions (specifically, changes in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 parallel to the horizontal and vertical directions due to the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80). That is, the movement control device is used to move the image forming apparatus 30 horizontally and vertically. Specifically, it is only necessary to use the movement control device 50C and the movement control device 50D in combination.

[0171] Fifth Embodiment

[0172] The fifth embodiment is a combination of the first and fourth embodiments. In the image display device of the fifth embodiment, the movement control device 50A is used to move the optical element 40 in a direction corresponding to changes in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 parallel to the horizontal and vertical directions (specifically, changes in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 parallel to the horizontal and vertical directions due to the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80), and the movement control device 50D is used to move the image forming apparatus 30. That is, the movement control device 50A is used to move the optical element 40 horizontally, and the movement control device 50D is used to move the image forming apparatus 30 vertically. Except for the above points, the configuration and structure of the image display device and the display device of the fifth embodiment are similar to the configuration and structure of the image display device and the display device of the first embodiment, and are similar to the configuration and structure of the image display device and the display device of the fourth embodiment. Therefore, its detailed description is omitted.

[0173] Sixth Embodiment

[0174] The sixth embodiment is a modification of the fifth embodiment. Figure 15A and 15B are conceptual diagrams of the optical element and the like viewed from the side for describing the operation of the image display device of the sixth embodiment.

[0175] As Figure 14BAs shown, in the image display device of the fourth embodiment, the light (image) emitted from the scanning mechanism 32 and formed into parallel light by the condenser member 34 is reflected by the optical element 40 to reach the center CP of the pupil 82 of the observer 80. However, the image center light beam LC is incident on a point offset from the center point O of the optical element 40. This may cause an increase in aberration.

[0176] Next, with reference to Figure 8A , 8B , 15A, and 15B, the movement of the image forming device and the like will be described.

[0177] As Figure 8A shown, the light (image) emitted from the scanning mechanism 32 and formed into parallel light by the condenser member 34 obliquely enters the optical element 40 from the area behind the optical element, is reflected by the optical element 40, and reaches the center CP of the pupil 82 of the observer 80. The image center light beam LC is incident on the center point O of the optical element 40.

[0178] Next, it is assumed that there is a vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 (specifically, mainly due to the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80, which causes a vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80), as Figure 8B and 15A shown. In the illustrated example, the vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 is the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80 towards the top of the head (upward) of the observer 80. Therefore, there is a deviation between the light convergence and the center CP of the pupil. The image center light beam in this state is represented by the solid line LC, where the image center light beam LC is incident on the center point O of the optical element 40.

[0179] Therefore, as Figure 15A and 15B shown, the light beam LC at the image center (refer to Figure 15A ) rotates around the center point O of the optical element 40 (refer to the image center light beam LC' in Figure 15A ), and moves (refer to Figure 15Bthe central light beam LC″ of the image therein), so that the central light beam LC″ of the image obtained by rotation and movement is incident on the center point O of the optical element 40 and also reaches the center CP of the pupil. When the central light beam LC of the image is incident on the condenser member 34 along the optical axis of the condenser member 34 (for convenience, the optical axis of the condenser member 34 in this case is referred to as "optical axis η"), it is only necessary to move the condenser member 34 in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis η by using the movement control device to achieve the above state. For convenience, the optical axis of the condenser member 34 after moving the condenser member 34 is referred to as "optical axis η'". Therefore, the central light beam LC' of the image parallel to the optical axis η' is incident on the condenser member 34, but the central light beam LC' of the image is incident on a point offset from the center point O of the optical element 40, as Figure 15A shown. Therefore, based on the control signal from the position control circuit included in the movement control device, the image formed by the image forming device is moved so that the central light beam LC' of the image is incident on the center point O of the optical element 40. Therefore, as Figure 15B shown, the central light beam LC" of the image is incident on the center point O of the optical element 40.

[0180] Similar to the case of the first embodiment, the movement control device includes a drive mechanism and a position control circuit for controlling the position of the image emitted from the image forming device. Specifically, the drive mechanism includes a first drive device 51 and a first slide bar 52. In addition, the position of the image emitted from the image forming device is controlled by using the movement control device. Specifically, similar to the case of the first embodiment, based on the control signal from the position control circuit, the position of the image emitted from the image forming device 30 is moved in a direction corresponding to the X-axis direction.

[0181] Similar to the case of the fourth embodiment, the drive mechanism further includes a second drive device 64 and a second slide bar 65. The second slide bar 65 extending vertically is slidably mounted to the second drive device 64, the second drive device 64 is fixed to a portion on the ear side of the front part 11 (or the temple part 12), and the condenser member 34 is fixed to the second slide bar 65 by a mounting member 66, and the light sources 31R, 31G, and 31B and the scanning mechanism 32 are fixed, that is, immovable, which is different from the fourth embodiment. Then, the second drive device 64 is driven to slide the second slide bar 65 relative to the second drive device 64, which enables the condenser member 34 fixed to the second slide bar 65 to be moved in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the condenser member 34 (that is, a direction corresponding to the Y-axis direction). In addition, based on the control signal from the position control circuit, the position of the image emitted from the image forming device 30 is moved in a direction corresponding to the Y-axis direction.

[0182] When the optical element 40 is moved by the movement control devices 50A and 50B in directions corresponding to changes in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 parallel to the horizontal and vertical directions (i.e., when the optical element 40 is moved horizontally and vertically by the movement control devices 50A and 50B), as in the case of the variant of the display device of the second embodiment shown in Figure 10 this may lead to room for improvement in the design of the display device when viewed from the front. Further, when the image display device 30 is moved by the movement control device in a direction corresponding to a horizontal change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 (i.e., when the image display device 30 is moved horizontally by the movement control device), as in the case of the third embodiment, this may lead to an increase in aberration due to the horizontal movement of the image display device 30.

[0183] In the fifth or sixth embodiment, the optical element 40 is moved by the corresponding movement control device in directions corresponding to changes in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 parallel to the horizontal and vertical directions, and the image forming device 30 or a part of the image forming device 30 is moved. That is, the optical element 40 is moved horizontally by the corresponding movement control device, and the image forming device 30 or a part of the image forming device 30 is moved vertically. When the display device is viewed from the front, the movement control device 50A for the optical element 40 is likely to attract attention, while the movement control device for the image forming device 30 does not attract attention. Therefore, the display device has a more excellent design.

[0184] Generally, the aberration generated in an eccentric optical system due to the movement of optical components and optical devices is larger in the eccentric direction. That is, the aberration generated due to the movement of the optical element 40 in the XZ plane (horizontal movement of the optical element 40) is larger than the aberration generated due to the movement of the optical element 40 in the YZ plane. The aberration generated due to the horizontal movement of the image forming device 30 is larger than the aberration generated due to the vertical movement of the image forming device 30. Further, the distance from the pupil 82 of the observer 80 to the image forming device 30 is longer than the distance from the pupil 82 of the observer 80 to the optical element 40. Therefore, when comparing the influence of the aberration generated due to the movement of the optical element 40 in the XZ plane (horizontal movement of the optical element 40) with the influence of the aberration generated due to the horizontal movement of the image forming device 30, the influence of the aberration is greater in the latter case. Therefore, when the optical element 40 is moved in a direction corresponding to a horizontal change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80, and when a part of the image forming device 30 is moved in a direction corresponding to a vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80, this makes it possible to more surely suppress the influence of the aberration caused by these movements.

[0185] In addition, in the sixth embodiment or the seventh embodiment described later, it is sufficient if it is a part of the moving image forming apparatus 30. This makes it possible to reduce the amount of movement, follow the movement of the pupil more quickly, and reduce power consumption.

[0186] Seventh Embodiment

[0187] The seventh embodiment is a modification of the sixth embodiment. Figures 16A to 16C FIG. is a schematic diagram of the condenser member included in the image forming apparatus for describing the seventh embodiment. In the image display apparatus of the seventh embodiment, in accordance with changes in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 parallel to the horizontal direction and the vertical direction (specifically, changes in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 parallel to the horizontal direction and the vertical direction due to rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80), the optical element 40 is horizontally moved using the movement control device 50A, and the image is vertically moved using a 4F optical system described below.

[0188] Specifically, in the image display apparatus 20 of the seventh embodiment, the image forming apparatus 30 includes a 4F optical system through which the image emitted from the image forming apparatus 30 passes, and the 4F optical system is moved in a direction corresponding to the vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 using the movement control device. More specifically, the 4F optical system includes a first lens 34A, a second lens 34B, and a third lens 34C, and the scanning mechanism 32 is located at the focal position on the scanning mechanism side of the first lens 34A. In addition, the focal position of the second lens 34B on the optical element side coincides with the focal position of the third lens 34C on the scanning mechanism side. Note that in the figure, the optical axes of the lenses are indicated by dashed lines. Then, the first lens 34A and the second lens 34B are moved in a direction orthogonal to their optical axes. The light sources 31R, 31G, and 31B, the scanning mechanism 32, and the third lens 34C are fixed and do not move. By using the 4F optical system having this configuration, the amount of movement of the lenses 34A and 34B can be half of the amount of movement of the condenser member 34 in the sixth embodiment.

[0189] Eighth Embodiment

[0190] The eighth embodiment is another modification of the sixth embodiment. Figure 17It is a conceptual diagram of an image display device included in the display device of the eighth embodiment. In the image display device of the eighth embodiment, according to the vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 (specifically, the vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 caused by the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80), the image incident on the optical element 40 is vertically moved using the mirror 91. That is, in the eighth embodiment, the movement control device includes the mirror 91 that reflects the image emitted from the image forming device 30, and the mirror 91 is rotated around the rotation axis 92 using the movement control device to change the light reflection angle of the mirror 91. This enables the image emitted from the image forming device 30 to surely reach the pupil 82 of the observer 80. The mirror 91 is arranged between the condensing member 34 and the optical element 40. Note that according to the horizontal change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 (specifically, the horizontal change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 caused by the rotation of the eyeball 81 of the observer 80), the optical element 40 may be horizontally moved based on the first embodiment.

[0191] Ninth Embodiment

[0192] The ninth embodiment is a variant of the first to eighth embodiments. Figure 18 It is a conceptual diagram of the display device of the ninth embodiment when observed from above the observer, and the image forming device 30 includes the dispersion compensation element 37 in the ninth embodiment as Figure 18 shown. Here, the dispersion compensation element 37 is arranged between the light sources 31R, 31G, and 31B and the scanning mechanism 32. The dispersion compensation element 37 is a correction lens and is an element that corrects the chromatic aberration occurring in the optical element 40. Specifically, the beam shape (beam diameter, beam divergence angle) of the light emitted from the dispersion compensation element 37 is adjusted so that the chromatic aberration can be corrected.

[0193] The present disclosure has been described based on advantageous embodiments. However, the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments. The configurations and structures of the display device (head-mounted display), image display device, and image forming device described in the embodiments are merely illustrative, and they can be appropriately modified.

[0194] The optical element 40 may include a concave mirror instead of a reflective holographic diffraction grating. In this case, a light reflecting film that reflects light of a specific wavelength is formed on the light reflecting surface of the transparent member (base portion) included in the concave mirror, the planar mirror, or the Fresnel mirror described later. This enables the outside to be seen through the optical element. Further, the optical element may include a lens having a positive optical power and a planar mirror, and the lens is a lens through which the image emitted from the image forming device 30 passes. Further, the optical element may include a Fresnel mirror. Further, the movement control device may be used to rotate the optical element in accordance with a vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80. Note that when the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 changes in parallel with the horizontal direction, it is sufficient to horizontally move the optical element 40 using the movement control device. Further, the movement control device may be used to change the arrangement angle of the optical element 40 in accordance with a vertical change in the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80. Note that when the position of the pupil 82 of the observer 80 changes in parallel with the horizontal direction, it is sufficient to horizontally move the optical element 40 using the movement control device.

[0195] Figure 19 is a conceptual diagram of a modification of the display device of the first embodiment when viewed from above the observer, and as Figure 19 shown, θ0 may not be equal to 0 degrees.

[0196] The image forming device 30 may be an image forming device having a first configuration. Figure 20A In the conceptual diagram of, the image forming device 30 includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. Specifically, the entire image forming device 30 is housed in a housing 33 (by Figure 20AThe dotted line therein indicates). The housing 33 includes an opening (not shown), and light exits from the optical system (parallel light output optical system or collimating optical system) 35D through the opening. The reflective spatial light modulation device includes a liquid crystal display device (LCD) 35C of LCOS serving as a light bulb. The reflective spatial light modulation device further includes a polarization beam splitter 35B, wherein a part of the light from the light source 35A is reflected by the polarization beam splitter 35B to be guided to the liquid crystal display device 35C, and a part of the light reflected by the liquid crystal display device 35C passes through the polarization beam splitter 35B to be guided to the optical system 35D. The liquid crystal display device 35C includes a plurality of (e.g., 640×480) pixels (liquid crystal cells or liquid crystal display elements) arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. The polarization beam splitter 35B has a known configuration and structure. The unpolarized light emitted by the light source 35A is irradiated on the polarization beam splitter 35B. The p-polarization component passes through the polarization beam splitter 35B and exits the system. On the other hand, the s-polarization component is reflected by the polarization beam splitter 35B and is incident on the liquid crystal display device 35C. In addition, the s-polarization component is internally reflected in the liquid crystal display device 35C and exits the liquid crystal display device 35C. Here, among the light exiting from the liquid crystal display device 35C, the light exiting from the pixels for displaying "white" includes a large amount of p-polarization components, while the light exiting from the pixels for displaying "black" includes a large amount of s-polarization components. Therefore, among the light exiting from the liquid crystal display device 35C and irradiated on the polarization beam splitter 35B, the p-polarization component passes through the polarization beam splitter 35B to be guided to the optical system 35D. On the other hand, the s-polarization component is reflected by the polarization beam splitter 35B to return to the light source 35A. The optical system 35D includes, for example, a convex lens, and the image forming device 30 (more specifically, the liquid crystal display device 35C) is arranged at a point (position) corresponding to the focal length of the optical system 35D so as to generate parallel light. The image exiting from the image forming device 30 reaches the pupil 82 of the observer 80 through the optical element 40.

[0197] In addition, Figure 20B A conceptual diagram of the image forming device 30 having the first configuration is shown, and the image forming device 30 includes an organic EL display device 36A. The image exiting from the organic EL display device 36A passes through the first convex lens 36B in the lens system. The image further passes through the second convex lens 36D in the lens system to become parallel light and advances toward the optical element 40. The front focal position of the second convex lens 36D coincides with the rear focal position of the first convex lens 36B. In addition, the diaphragm 36C is arranged at the rear focal position of the first convex lens 36B (the front focal position of the second convex lens 36D). The whole of the image forming device 30 is accommodated in the housing 33. The organic EL display device 36A includes a plurality of (e.g., 640×480) pixels (organic EL elements) arranged in a two-dimensional matrix.

[0198] Note that the present disclosure may also adopt the following configurations.

[0199] [A01]<Image display device: First aspect>

[0200] An image display device, comprising:

[0201] An image forming device;

[0202] An optical element disposed in front of the observer's face; and

[0203] A movement control device, wherein

[0204] When the area located on the ear side of the observer is observed from the optical element and is referred to as the area behind the element, the image forming device is disposed in the area behind the optical element,

[0205] The image emitted from the image forming device obliquely enters the optical element from the area behind the optical element, is reflected by the optical element, and reaches the observer's pupil, and

[0206] When the position of the observer's pupil changes, the optical element is moved using the movement control device, and the position of the image emitted from the image forming device is controlled using the movement control device.

[0207] [A02] The image display device according to [A01], wherein

[0208] The optical element is moved in a direction corresponding to the horizontal change in the position of the observer's pupil using the movement control device.

[0209] [A03] The image display device according to [A01] or [A02], wherein

[0210] The image forming device is moved in a direction corresponding to the vertical change in the position of the observer's pupil using the movement control device.

[0211] [A04] The image display device according to [A03], wherein

[0212] The image forming device includes a 4F optical system, and the image emitted from the image forming device passes through the 4F optical system, and

[0213] The 4F optical system is moved in a direction corresponding to the vertical change in the position of the observer's pupil using the movement control device.

[0214] [A05] The image display device according to [A03], wherein

[0215] The image forming device includes a mirror, and the image emitted from the image forming device is reflected by the mirror, and

[0216] Use a movement control device to change the light reflection angle of the mirror.

[0217] [A06] The image display device according to [A01] or [A02], wherein

[0218] Use a movement control device to move the optical element in a direction corresponding to a vertical change in the observer's pupil position.

[0219] [A07] The image display device according to any one of [A01] to [A06], wherein

[0220] The optical element is composed of a reflective holographic diffraction grating.

[0221] [A08] The image display device according to [A07], wherein

[0222] The reflective holographic diffraction grating has a light condensing function.

[0223] [A09] The image display device according to any one of [A01] to [A06], wherein

[0224] The optical element is composed of a concave mirror.

[0225] [A10] The image display device according to any one of [A01] to [A09], wherein

[0226] The light beam emitted from the image forming device is incident on the optical element in a telecentric state.

[0227] [A11] The image display device according to any one of [A01] to [A06], wherein

[0228] The optical element includes a lens with a positive optical power and a plane mirror, and the image emitted from the image forming device passes through the lens.

[0229] [A12] The image display device according to [A11], wherein

[0230] The light beam emitted from the image forming device is incident on the lens in a telecentric state.

[0231] [A13] The image display device according to [A01] or [A02], wherein

[0232] Use a movement control device to rotate the optical element according to a vertical change in the observer's pupil position.

[0233] [A14] The image display device according to [A01] or [A02], wherein

[0234] Use a movement control device to change the arrangement angle of the optical element according to a vertical change in the observer's pupil position.

[0235] [A15]The image display device according to [A13] or [A14], wherein

[0236] A moving control device is used to horizontally move an optical element according to the horizontal change in the pupil position of the observer.

[0237] [A16]The image display device according to any one of [A01] to [A15], wherein

[0238] The image forming device is equipped with a dispersion compensation element.

[0239] [B01]<Image display device: Second aspect>

[0240] An image display device, comprising:

[0241] An image forming device;

[0242] An optical element disposed in front of the face of the observer; and

[0243] A moving control device, wherein

[0244] When the area located on the side of the observer's ear when viewed from the optical element is referred to as the area behind the optical element, the image forming device is disposed in the area behind the optical element,

[0245] The image emitted from the image forming device obliquely enters the optical element from the area behind the optical element, is reflected by the optical element, and reaches the pupil of the observer, and

[0246] When the position of the pupil of the observer changes, the moving control device is used to move the image forming device.

[0247] [B02]The image display device according to [B01], wherein

[0248] The optical element is composed of a reflective holographic diffraction grating.

[0249] [B03]The image display device according to [B02], wherein

[0250] The reflective holographic diffraction grating has a condensing function.

[0251] [B04]The image display device according to [B01], wherein

[0252] The optical element is composed of a concave mirror.

[0253] [B05]The image display device according to [B01], wherein

[0254] The optical element includes a lens with a positive optical power and a plane mirror, and the image emitted from the image forming device passes through the lens.

[0255] [B06] An image display device according to any one of [B01] to [B05], wherein

[0256] A mobile control device is used to move an optical element in a direction corresponding to a vertical change in the pupil position of an observer.

[0257] [B07] An image display device according to any one of [B01] to [B05], wherein

[0258] The image forming device includes a mirror that reflects the image emitted from the image forming device, and

[0259] A mobile control device is used to change the light reflection angle of the mirror.

[0260] [B08] An image display device according to any one of [B01] to [B05], wherein

[0261] The image forming device includes a 4F optical system through which the image emitted from the image forming device passes, and

[0262] A mobile control device is used to move the 4F optical system in a direction corresponding to a vertical change in the pupil position of an observer.

[0263] [B09] An image display device according to any one of [B01] to [B08], wherein

[0264] The light beam emitted from the image forming device is incident on the optical element in a telecentric state.

[0265] [B10] An image display device according to any one of [B01] to [B09], wherein

[0266] The image forming device is equipped with a dispersion compensation element.

[0267] [C01]<Display device>

[0268] A display device, comprising:

[0269] A frame worn by an observer; and

[0270] An image display device mounted to the frame,

[0271] The image display device includes

[0272] An image forming device,

[0273] An optical element disposed in front of the face of the observer, and

[0274] A mobile control device, wherein

[0275] When the area located on the observer's ear side when viewed from the optical element is defined as the area behind the optical element, the image forming device is arranged in the area behind the optical element,

[0276] the image emitted from the image forming device obliquely enters the optical element from the area behind the optical element, is reflected by the optical element, and reaches the observer's pupil, and

[0277] when the position of the observer's pupil changes, the optical element is moved, or the optical element and the image forming device are moved, using the movement control device.

[0278] [C02]The display device according to [C01] includes:

[0279] an image display device for the right eye; and

[0280] an image display device for the left eye.

[0281] List of reference numerals

[0282] 10 Frame

[0283] 11 Front part

[0284] 11A First front part

[0285] 11B Second front part

[0286] 12 Temple part

[0287] 20 Image display device

[0288] 20R Image display device for the right eye

[0289] 20L Image display device for the left eye

[0290] 30 Image forming device

[0291] 31R, 31G, 31B Light source

[0292] 32 Scanning mechanism

[0293] 33 Housing

[0294] 34 Condensing member

[0295] 34A, 34B, 34C Lens

[0296] 35A Light source

[0297] 35B Polarizing beam splitter

[0298] 35C Liquid crystal display device

[0299] 35D Collimating optical system

[0300] 36A Organic EL Display Device

[0301] 36B First Convex Lens

[0302] 36C Diaphragm

[0303] 36D Second Convex Lens

[0304] 37 Dispersion Compensation Element

[0305] 40 Optical Element

[0306] 41 Substrate

[0307] 50A, 50B, 50C, 50D Movement Control Device

[0308] 51, 54, 61, 64 Driving Device

[0309] 52, 55, 62, 65 Slide Bar

[0310] 53, 56, 63, 66 Mounting Member

[0311] 80 Observer

[0312] 81 Observer's Eyeball

[0313] 82 Observer's Pupil

[0314] 83 Observer's Nose

[0315] 85 Region on the Side of the Observer's Ear

[0316] 90 Pupil Position Detection Mechanism

[0317] 91 Reflecting Mirror

[0318] 92 Rotation Axis of the Reflecting Mirror

[0319] LC, LC', LC" Image Center Light Beam

[0320] CP Center of the Observer's Pupil

[0321] O Center Point of the Optical Element

Claims

1. An image display device, comprising: An image forming device; An optical element disposed in front of the observer's face; And A movement control device, wherein When observing the area located on the ear side of the observer from the optical element, which is called the area behind the optical element, the image forming device is disposed in the area behind the optical element, The image emitted from the image forming device obliquely enters the optical element from the area behind the optical element and is reflected by the optical element to reach the observer's pupil, and When the position of the observer's pupil changes, the movement control device is used to move the optical element in a direction corresponding to the horizontal change in the position of the observer's pupil, and the movement control device is used to move the image forming device in a direction corresponding to the vertical change in the position of the observer's pupil to control the position of the image emitted from the image forming device.

2. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein The image forming device includes a 4F optical system, and the image emitted from the image forming device passes through the 4F optical system, and The movement control device is used to move the 4F optical system in a direction corresponding to the vertical change in the observer's pupil position.

3. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein The image forming device includes a mirror, and the image emitted from the image forming device is reflected by the mirror, and The movement control device is used to change the light reflection angle of the mirror.

4. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein The movement control device is used to move the optical element in a direction corresponding to the vertical change in the observer's pupil position.

5. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein The optical element is composed of a reflective holographic diffraction grating.

6. The image display device according to claim 5, wherein The reflective holographic diffraction grating has a condensing function.

7. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein The optical element is composed of a concave mirror.

8. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein The light beam emitted from the image forming device enters the optical element in a telecentric state.

9. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein The optical element includes a lens with a positive optical power and a plane mirror, and the image emitted from the image forming device passes through the lens.

10. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein The movement control device is used to rotate the optical element according to the vertical change in the observer's pupil position.

11. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein The movement control device is used to change the arrangement angle of the optical element according to the vertical change in the observer's pupil position.

12. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein The image forming device is equipped with a dispersion compensation element.

13. A display device, comprising: A frame worn by the observer; And An image display device mounted on the frame, The image display device includes An image forming device, An optical element disposed in front of the observer's face, and A movement control device, wherein When the region located on the observer's ear side when viewed from the optical element is referred to as the region behind the optical element, the image forming device is arranged in the region behind the optical element, the image emitted from the image forming device obliquely enters the optical element from the region behind the optical element and is reflected by the optical element to reach the observer's pupil, and when the position of the observer's pupil changes, the optical element is moved in a direction corresponding to the change in the position of the observer's pupil in the horizontal direction using the movement control device, and the image forming device is moved in a direction corresponding to the change in the position of the observer's pupil in the vertical direction using the movement control device to control the position of the image emitted from the image forming device.

14. The display device according to claim 13, comprising: an image display device for the right eye; and an image display device for the left eye.

Images