A device for testing and researching hail particle emission and effective monitoring of wind and hail disasters

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device for testing and researching the emission and effective monitoring of hail particles in wind and hail disasters. The device is mounted on a bracket via a steering device and specifically includes a hammer, a transmission mechanism, a locking mechanism, and a firing mechanism. The left end of the hammer is connected to the transmission mechanism, and the lower end of the hammer is provided with a locking mechanism for limiting the hammer's rightward movement. The right end of the hammer is connected to the firing mechanism, and a laser speed measuring device is provided at the end of the firing mechanism. The present invention has a simple and reliable structure, and its parts can be replaced at any time. The emission angle, emission speed, and particle size of hail particles can be flexibly adjusted to study the effects of the emission angle, speed, and particle size of hail particles on structures. Semi-automatic / automatic emission can also be achieved, significantly improving test efficiency. This device is innovative and provides a practical device for studying the effects of wind and hail on structures, which is urgently needed for studying the reduction and prevention of wind and hail disasters in greenhouses, buildings, wind turbines, and other large-scale projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a technical field that urgently needs to be addressed and solved in the social development of disaster reduction and prevention of wind and hail disasters, such as greenhouses, buildings, structures, and wind turbines, which are large in number and over a wide area in China's cities, and in particular to a hail particle emission and effective monitoring test and research device suitable for wind and hail disasters. Background Art

[0002] Against the backdrop of a deteriorating global climate, wind and hailstorms are becoming increasingly frequent, causing severe damage to buildings, greenhouses, public facilities, and other structures within their radius. Disaster reports from natural disaster authorities highlight the severity of wind-induced and hailstorm-related damage to rural buildings, greenhouses, wind turbines, and other structures with lightweight roof systems in my country. These large, widespread urban structures directly impact the lives and property of the general public, making the mitigation and prevention of these wind-induced and hailstorm-related damage a pressing challenge for social development.

[0003] At present, single research experiments on the impact load of hail particles at home and abroad mainly release compressed air or use stretchable rubber band materials to provide power for hail particles to make the hail particles reach the required speed. The hail particles are launched to the target position through a launch tube, and the launch speed is measured using a laser speed measuring device. However, existing wind and hail disaster research devices generally have the following problems: 1. Hail particles need to be manually reloaded each time they are launched, and continuous loading is not possible. In actual wind and hail disasters, the surface of structures is continuously impacted by hail, and it is impossible to accurately judge the effect of the continuous action of wind-driven hail on the surface of the structure; in addition, if relevant research is carried out in a wind tunnel laboratory, staff are prohibited from entering the wind tunnel when the wind tunnel is working. Therefore, after each launch, the fan needs to be shut down, reloaded, and restarted, which also makes the wind-driven hail test take a lot of time and financial resources; 2. The angle of the launch tube cannot be adjusted, and the impact of the change in the attack angle of hail particles on the load cannot be judged; 3. The diameter of the launch tube is generally not adjustable, which is not conducive to the construction of a mathematical model for roof damage and risk assessment of hail of different particle sizes; 4. This measurement method only considers the impact load of hail particles, and does not consider the coupling effect with wind load; 5. Accurate measurement of hail wind speed is difficult, especially the deviation in the landing direction.

[0004] Research results indicate that the mechanisms of disasters caused by the wind-hail coupling effect and their mitigation and prevention remain largely unresolved, primarily due to a lack of precise research equipment for hail particle emission and effective monitoring tests. However, strong winds and hailstorms significantly impact these structures, leading to the need to mitigate the losses posed by large-scale rural structures, greenhouses, and public facilities in these areas. Reducing these losses has become a pressing issue for disaster management authorities in Hunan Province and even across China. Therefore, developing a hail particle emission and effective monitoring test device suitable for wind and hail disaster research is of crucial practical and social significance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a wind and hail disaster hail particle emission and effective monitoring test and research device with simple structure, safety, reliability and high working efficiency.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a test and research device for the emission and effective monitoring of hail particles in wind and hail disasters. The device as a whole is installed on a bracket through a steering device, and specifically includes a hammer, a transmission mechanism, a positioning mechanism and a launching mechanism. The left end of the hammer is connected to the transmission mechanism, and the lower end of the hammer is provided with a positioning mechanism for limiting the rightward movement of the hammer. The right end of the hammer is connected to the launching mechanism, and a laser speed measuring device is provided at the end of the launching mechanism to determine the hail speed required for the research.

[0007] The above-mentioned wind and hail disaster hail particle emission and effective monitoring test and research device, the transmission mechanism includes a motor, a transmission screw, and a nut, the motor output shaft is connected to the left end of the transmission screw, and the external thread at the right end of the transmission screw is threadedly connected to the internal thread at the left end of the nut inner hole; the transmission form is that the motor and the transmission screw rotate, the nut is fixed, and after the motor stops rotating, the transmission screw and the nut can achieve self-locking.

[0008] The above-mentioned wind and hail disaster hail particle emission and effective monitoring test and research device, the launching mechanism includes a spring, a fixing bolt, an ammunition sleeve, and a launching pipe, the left end of the launching pipe is fixedly connected to the right end of the nut, the spring and the hammer are located in the inner hole of the nut, the left end of the spring is fixedly connected to the right end of the transmission screw, and the right end of the spring is fixedly connected to the left end of the hammer, the ammunition sleeve is arranged in the launching pipe and its left end is fixedly connected to the right end of the hammer by a fixing bolt, there is an opening on the side wall of the launching pipe corresponding to the position of the ammunition sleeve, the ammunition magazine is fixed at the opening, and a protrusion is provided at the right end of the launching pipe for preventing the ammunition sleeve from flying out of the launching pipe.

[0009] The above-mentioned wind and hail disaster hail particle emission and effective monitoring test and research device has a baffle on the right side of the ammunition sleeve, the lower end of the baffle passes through the side wall of the launch tube and is hinged on the outer wall of the launch tube, and the launch tube is provided with a groove for the baffle to rotate clockwise around the hinge point.

[0010] In the above-mentioned wind and hail disaster hail particle emission and effective monitoring test and research device, a torsion spring is provided at the hinge position of the baffle for returning the baffle counterclockwise.

[0011] The above-mentioned wind and hail disaster hail particle emission and effective monitoring test and research device, the locking mechanism includes a trigger, an electromagnet, and a trigger return spring. The trigger is L-shaped, the middle part of the trigger is hinged to the outside of the nut, the right end of the trigger passes through the nut to limit the hammer, the left end of the trigger is located outside the nut, and an electromagnet is provided on the nut opposite the left end of the trigger, and a trigger return spring is provided between the left end of the trigger and the nut.

[0012] In the above-mentioned wind and hail disaster hail particle emission and effective monitoring test and research device, the ammunition magazine is made of thermal insulation material and is threadedly connected to the emission pipe.

[0013] The above-mentioned wind and hail disaster hail particle emission and effective monitoring test and research device has two laser speed measuring devices installed at the end of the emission pipe with a distance of 100 mm. The laser speed measuring device includes a light source, a photosensitive diode for collecting light signals and emitting electrical signals, a signal processing circuit for amplifying the electrical signals, and an oscilloscope. The photosensitive diode, signal processing circuit, and oscilloscope are connected in sequence. When hail particles pass through the laser speed measuring device, the light source is blocked, and an electrical signal is generated in the photosensitive diode. The signal processing circuit will amplify the electrical signal and drive the triggering oscilloscope. The impact velocity of the hail particles can be obtained by calculating the time difference between the two different trigger signals appearing in the oscilloscope.

[0014] The above-mentioned wind and hail disaster hail particle emission and effective monitoring test and research device, the steering device includes a circular ring, a first bolt, a steering gear and a second bolt, the circular ring is sleeved on the support rod, the circular ring is provided with an opening, the opening is provided with a first bolt, the circular ring is fixed to the support rod by the first bolt, the steering gear is fixedly set on the circular ring, a through hole for installing the entire device is opened in the middle of the steering gear, and the steering gear is provided with a second bolt for fixing the entire device.

[0015] The above-mentioned hail particle emission and effective monitoring test and research device for wind and hail disasters has a protrusion for installing a steering gear on one side of the circular ring, and an annular bulge is provided on the steering gear. The annular bulge is circumferentially provided with a second external thread, and the annular bulge is sleeved on the protrusion of the circular ring and fixed by a fixing nut.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention has a simple and reliable structure, various parts can be replaced at any time, the emission angle, emission speed and particle size of hail particles can be flexibly adjusted to study the influence of the emission angle and particle size of hail particles on structures, semi-automatic / automatic emission is realized, the test efficiency is improved, the research on the continuous action effect of multiple hail at a single point is solved, and the accurate measurement of the attack angle and speed of hail acting on structures is solved. It creatively provides a feasible and effective device suitable for conducting wind and hail disaster mechanism research in laboratories and in the field for revealing the research on the coupling effect of wind and hail on structures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the bracket composition.

[0018] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the position of the steering device and the bracket.

[0019] Figure 3 A top view of the steering device.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall installation structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the launch device.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the laser speed measuring device.

[0023] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the overall assembly of the device in the wind tunnel experiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a device for testing and researching the emission and effective monitoring of hail particles in wind and hail disasters is installed on a bracket through a steering device 15.

[0026] The bracket includes a support rod 17 and a first nut 16. The support rod 17 is marked with a scale. A first external thread is circumferentially provided on the top of the support rod 17. The first nut 16 is threadedly connected to the first external thread on the top of the support rod 17. The bracket is placed in the working area of ​​the wind tunnel body and the height of the bracket is adjusted by rotating the first nut 16 so that it is squeezed against the top of the wind tunnel body, thereby fixing the bracket.

[0027] The steering device 15 comprises a ring 19, a first bolt 18, a diverter 21, and a second bolt 22. The ring 19 is fitted over the strut 17 and has an opening in it. The first bolt 18 is mounted in the opening, securing the ring 19 to the strut 17 via the first bolt 18. The diverter 21 is fixed to the ring 19. A through-hole 23 is provided in the center of the diverter 21 for mounting the entire device. The diverter 21 is also fitted with a second bolt 22 for securing the entire device. A protrusion 24 is provided on one side of the ring 19 for mounting the diverter 21. The diverter 21 is provided with an annular protrusion 25 with a second external thread extending around its circumference. The protrusion 25 fits over the protrusion on the ring 19 and is secured with a fixing nut 20. To use the steering device 15, adjust it to a desired height, then tighten the first bolt 18 to fix the height. The angle of the diverter 21 is then adjusted. Once adjusted, tighten the fixing nut 20 to secure the diverter 21 to the ring 19. Finally, place the entire device in the ring of the steering gear 21 and tighten the bolts 22 to fix the entire device.

[0028] The device specifically includes a hammer 5, a transmission mechanism, a locking mechanism and a firing mechanism. The left end of the hammer 5 is connected to the transmission mechanism, the lower end of the hammer 5 is provided with a locking mechanism for limiting the rightward movement of the hammer 5, and the right end of the hammer 5 is connected to the firing mechanism.

[0029] The transmission mechanism includes a motor 1, a transmission screw 2, and a nut 4. The output shaft of the motor 1 is connected to the left end of the transmission screw 2, and the external thread at the right end of the transmission screw 2 is threadedly connected to the internal thread at the left end of the inner hole of the nut 4. The transmission form is that the motor 1 and the transmission screw 2 rotate, the nut 4 is fixed, and after the motor 1 stops rotating, the transmission screw 2 and the nut 4 can achieve self-locking. The self-locking phenomenon is a mechanical and physical phenomenon. If the line of action of the resultant force of the main force acting on the object is within the friction angle, no matter how large this force is, there will always be a reaction force to balance it, and the object will remain stationary. During the processing of the transmission screw 2 and the nut 4, it is only necessary to control the inclination angle, thread diameter and thread pitch of the thread to ensure self-locking between the machines.

[0030] like Figure 5 As shown, the launching mechanism includes a spring 3, a fixing bolt 10, an ammunition sleeve 9, and a launching pipe 13. The left end of the launching pipe 13 is fixedly connected to the right end of the nut 4. The spring 3 and the hammer 5 are located in the inner hole of the nut 4. The left end of the spring 3 is fixedly connected to the right end of the transmission screw 2, and the right end of the spring 3 is fixedly connected to the left end of the hammer 5. The ammunition sleeve 9 is sleeved in the launching pipe 13 and its left end is fixedly connected to the right end of the hammer 5 by the fixing bolt 10. There is an opening on the side wall of the launching pipe 13 corresponding to the position of the ammunition sleeve 9, and an ammunition magazine 14 is fixed at the opening. The ammunition magazine 14 is made of insulation material and is threadedly connected to the launching pipe 13. A protrusion is provided at the right end of the launching pipe 13 for preventing the ammunition sleeve 9 from flying out of the launching pipe 13.

[0031] A baffle 11 is provided on the right side of the ammunition housing 9. The lower end of the baffle 11 passes through the side wall of the launch tube 13 and is hinged to the outer wall of the launch tube 13. The launch tube 13 is provided with a groove for the baffle 11 to rotate clockwise around the hinge point. A torsion spring 12 is provided at the hinge position of the baffle 11 to return the baffle 11 to its counterclockwise position.

[0032] The locking mechanism includes a trigger 6, an electromagnet 8, and a trigger reset spring 7. The trigger 6 is L-shaped, and the middle part of the trigger 6 is hinged to the outside of the nut 4. The right end of the trigger 6 passes through the nut 4 to limit the hammer 5. The left end of the trigger 6 is located outside the nut 4. An electromagnet 8 is provided on the nut 4 at a position opposite the left end of the trigger 6. A trigger reset spring 7 is provided between the left end of the trigger 6 and the nut 4.

[0033] like Figure 6As shown, two laser speed measuring devices with a distance of 100 mm are installed at the end of the transmitting pipe. The laser speed measuring device includes a light source, a photosensitive diode for collecting light signals and emitting electrical signals, a signal processing circuit for amplifying electrical signals, and an oscilloscope. The photosensitive diode, signal processing circuit, and oscilloscope are connected in sequence. When hail particles pass through the laser speed measuring device, the light source is blocked, and an electrical signal is generated in the photosensitive diode. The signal processing circuit will amplify the electrical signal and drive the triggering oscilloscope. The impact velocity of the hail particles can be obtained by calculating the time difference between two different trigger signals appearing in the oscilloscope.

[0034] like Figure 7 As shown, the working principle of the present invention is:

[0035] The motor 1 drives the transmission screw 2 to move rightward through the thread transmission to compress the spring 3. When the motor 1 stops rotating, the transmission screw 2 is fixed in the new position due to the self-locking between the transmission screw 2 and the nut 4.

[0036] At this point, the interaction of forces exerts pressure on spring 3 and hammer 5, forcing hammer 5 to move rightward. However, due to the pressure exerted by trigger return spring 7, trigger 6, under the lever action of trigger 6, holds hammer 5 in place, preventing it from moving. Electromagnet 8 is then switched on, causing trigger 6 to move clockwise, releasing hammer 5. Because hammer 5 is connected to ammunition housing 9 via retaining bolt 10, hammer 5 accelerates forward along with the hailstone particles in ammunition housing 9. During this forward acceleration, the bottom of ammunition housing 9 pushes against baffle 11, causing it to move clockwise and compressing torsion spring 12, accumulating elastic potential energy.

[0037] When the ammunition sleeve 9 reaches the right end of the launch tube 13, it is stopped by a protrusion on the right end, causing the hail particles to fly forward due to inertia. After the hail particles are launched, the motor 1 rotates in the opposite direction, causing the other components to reset. After the other components are reset, the baffle 11 moves counterclockwise back to its original position under the action of the torsion spring 12. The hail particles in the ammunition chamber 14 fall from the ammunition chamber 14 under the influence of gravity into the ammunition sleeve 9, which is then reloaded and ready for a new round of launch. This repetitive cycle achieves continuous hail launch.

[0038] During the test, hail particles of different sizes can be launched by changing the caliber of the launch device and the caliber of the ammunition magazine 14; the angle of hail particle launch can be adjusted by adjusting the steering device 15; and the horizontal movement distance of the transmission screw 2 can be adjusted by adjusting the movement time of the motor 1, thereby controlling the work path of the spring 3 and thus controlling the launch speed of the hail particles.

[0039] At the same height as the model being tested, a laser velocity measuring device is placed. The main working principle is: Two laser velocity measuring devices are installed at the end of the launch tube, 100 mm apart. When hail particles pass through the devices at high speed, they block the light source, generating a weak electrical signal in the photodiode. The signal processing circuit amplifies this signal and triggers an oscilloscope. By calculating the time difference between the two different trigger signals appearing on the oscilloscope, the impact velocity of the hail particle can be determined.

[0040] Assemble the parts in sequence from left to right, calculate the position of the hail particle emitter according to the test requirements, fix it, turn on the power, adjust the model, and debug the wind field before conducting the wind-driven hail simulation test.

Claims

1. A wind and hail disaster hail particle emission and effective monitoring test and research device, characterized in that: The entire device is mounted on a bracket via a steering device and specifically includes a hammer, a transmission mechanism, a locking mechanism, and a firing mechanism. The left end of the hammer is connected to the transmission mechanism, and a locking mechanism is provided at the lower end of the hammer to restrict the hammer from moving to the right. The right end of the hammer is connected to the firing mechanism, and a laser speed measuring device is provided at the end of the firing mechanism to determine the hail speed required for the study. The transmission mechanism includes a motor, a transmission screw, and a nut. The motor output shaft is connected to the left end of the transmission screw, and the external thread at the right end of the transmission screw is threadedly connected to the internal thread at the left end of the inner hole of the nut. The transmission form is that the motor and the transmission screw rotate, the nut is fixed, and after the motor stops rotating, the transmission screw and the nut can be self-locking. The launching mechanism includes a spring, a fixing bolt, an ammunition sleeve, and a launching tube. The left end of the launching tube is fixedly connected to the right end of the nut. The spring and the hammer are located in the inner hole of the nut. The left end of the spring is fixedly connected to the right end of the transmission screw, and the right end of the spring is fixedly connected to the left end of the hammer. The ammunition sleeve is arranged in the launching tube and its left end is fixedly connected to the right end of the hammer by a fixing bolt. An opening is provided on the side wall of the launching tube corresponding to the position of the ammunition sleeve, and the ammunition magazine is fixed at the opening. A protrusion is provided at the right end of the launching tube for preventing the ammunition sleeve from flying out of the launching tube. A baffle is provided on the right side of the ammunition sleeve, the lower end of which passes through the side wall of the launch tube and is hinged to the outer wall of the launch tube. A groove is provided on the launch tube for the baffle to rotate clockwise around the hinge point; A torsion spring is provided at the hinged position of the baffle for returning the baffle counterclockwise.

2. The wind and hail disaster hail particle emission and effective monitoring test and research device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The locking mechanism includes a trigger, an electromagnet, and a trigger reset spring. The trigger is L-shaped, the middle part of the trigger is hinged to the outside of the nut, the right end of the trigger passes through the nut to limit the hammer, the left end of the trigger is located outside the nut, and an electromagnet is provided on the nut opposite the left end of the trigger. A trigger reset spring is provided between the left end of the trigger and the nut.

3. The wind and hail disaster hail particle emission and effective monitoring test and research device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ammunition magazine is made of heat-insulating material and is threadedly connected to the launching pipe.

4. The wind and hail disaster hail particle emission and effective monitoring test and research device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Two laser speed measuring devices with a distance of 100 mm are installed at the end of the transmitting pipe. The laser speed measuring device includes a light source, a photosensitive diode for collecting light signals and emitting electrical signals, a signal processing circuit for amplifying electrical signals, and an oscilloscope. The photosensitive diode, signal processing circuit, and oscilloscope are connected in sequence. When hail particles pass through the laser speed measuring device, the light source is blocked, and an electrical signal is generated in the photosensitive diode. The signal processing circuit will amplify the electrical signal and drive the trigger oscilloscope. The impact velocity of the hail particles can be obtained by calculating the time difference between the two different trigger signals appearing in the oscilloscope.

5. The wind and hail disaster hail particle emission and effective monitoring test and research device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The steering device includes a circular ring, a first bolt, a steering gear and a second bolt. The circular ring is sleeved on the support rod. An opening is provided on the circular ring. A first bolt is provided at the opening. The circular ring is fixed to the support rod by the first bolt. The steering gear is fixed on the circular ring. A through hole is provided in the middle of the steering gear for installing the entire device. The steering gear is provided with a second bolt for fixing the entire device.

6. The wind and hail disaster hail particle emission and effective monitoring test and research device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A protrusion for mounting a steering gear is provided on one side of the circular ring. The steering gear is provided with an annular ridge, and a second external thread is provided in the circumference of the annular ridge. The annular ridge is sleeved on the protrusion of the circular ring and fixed by a fixing nut.

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