An automatic monitoring method for building structure displacement during fire

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for automatically monitoring the displacement of building structures during fire, which can quickly and automatically monitor the horizontal and vertical displacements of multiple points in a fire environment. The method includes the following steps: (S1) establishing a 3D digital model to form a digital mirror image of the building; (S2) establishing a database of building collapses due to fire; (S3) installing contact temperature sensors and multiple beacons; (S4) arranging ground displacement telemetry devices and high-altitude displacement telemetry devices; (S5) the ground telemetry devices and high-altitude telemetry devices measure the distance between each other and the distance from the beacon monitoring points in real time; (S6) calculating the displacement of the building and matching the fire scene; (S7) performing threshold comparison and issuing an alarm. Through the above design, the present invention uses drones equipped with radars, which are more flexible to deploy and are not restricted by terrain; and it is easier to obtain vertical displacement information of key parts by looking down from a high altitude. Therefore, it is suitable for promotion and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fire monitoring, in particular to an automatic monitoring method for displacement of a building structure in a fire. Background Art

[0002] With the development of society, people have higher and higher requirements for the monitoring of vibration and deformation of large and high-rise buildings, especially the real-time and non-contact requirements for the displacement monitoring of building structures during fires.

[0003] During a fire, the high temperatures generated by the fire can damage building structures, causing them to deform. When deformation reaches a certain level, the building may collapse, seriously threatening the lives of firefighters and rescuers. Therefore, real-time and accurate monitoring of the displacement and deformation of key components is a crucial means of providing early warning of collapse. In particular, the horizontal and vertical displacements of key components are crucial indicators for determining whether a building has reached a dangerous state.

[0004] However, due to the increasing size and height of buildings, traditional monitoring methods are no longer adequate for deformation monitoring. In recent years, microwave interferometry, with its unique advantages of non-contact and real-time performance, has gradually become a popular method for non-contact deformation monitoring of large and high-rise buildings. However, when using microwave interferometry devices for monitoring according to traditional methods, since they only measure changes in distance along the line of sight, it is impossible to quickly obtain horizontal and vertical displacement components at the scene of a fire. This poses significant problems in accuracy and convenience in practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for automatically monitoring the displacement of a building structure in a fire, which can quickly and automatically monitor the horizontal and vertical displacements of multiple points in a fire environment.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for automatically monitoring displacement of a building structure during a fire comprises the following steps:

[0008] (S1) Pre-establishing a 3D digital model of the building to be monitored to form a digital mirror image of the building;

[0009] (S2) Conduct numerical simulation analysis on actual buildings to obtain the collapse patterns of building structures under different fire scenarios, reveal the weak parts of building structures that are susceptible to fire, and establish a database of building collapses caused by fire;

[0010] (S3) Based on the results of the above simulation analysis, a contact temperature sensor is installed inside the building and a plurality of beacons are installed outside the building;

[0011] (S4) When a fire occurs, a fixed ground displacement telemetry device is deployed on the ground, and another high-altitude displacement telemetry device is deployed at a high altitude directly above the ground telemetry device by using a drone;

[0012] (S5) The ground telemetry device and the high-altitude telemetry device measure the distance between each other in real time, and respectively monitor the distance from each other to the beacon monitoring point in real time;

[0013] (S6) The monitoring terminal obtains displacement and temperature information of each monitoring point, calculates the horizontal and vertical displacement of each monitoring point through trigonometric transformation, and uses the information to match the displacement with the fire scene in the building fire collapse database;

[0014] (S7) The obtained displacement information is compared with the database displacement threshold corresponding to the aforementioned matched fire scene. If it is far less than the collapse threshold, all points on the digital mirror are green. If it is close to the threshold, it turns yellow. If it reaches or exceeds the threshold, it turns red, and the monitoring terminal issues an audible and visual alarm.

[0015] Furthermore, in the present invention, in step (S2), the weak parts of the building structure include steel structure beams, columns and beam-column joints.

[0016] Furthermore, in the present invention, the building fire collapse database includes fire scenarios of building collapse and displacement and temperature thresholds of structural weak points in each scenario.

[0017] Furthermore, in the present invention, the beacon adopts a metal beacon that is resistant to background signal interference and high temperature resistant.

[0018] Furthermore, in the present invention, the ground telemetry device and the high-altitude telemetry device use millimeter-wave interferometric radar.

[0019] Furthermore, in the present invention, the temperature sensor monitoring information and the displacement information measured by the ground telemetry device and the high-altitude telemetry device are transmitted to the monitoring terminal via a low-latency communication device.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] (1) The present invention pre-establishes a database of building collapse modes caused by fire, which can provide scientific guidance for the layout of sensors, significantly improving the scientificity and accuracy of structural displacement monitoring. It also adopts a combination of internal and external methods to monitor the deformation and displacement of key parts of the building, making the monitoring method more reliable and resistant to fire and high temperature interference. By transmitting information through a low-latency transmission device, it can significantly reduce the delay and improve the accuracy of the situation synchronization between the actual building and the mirror image.

[0022] (2) The present invention deploys two high-precision displacement telemetry devices to measure distance between each other and the target point at the same time, and can automatically obtain the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the target point through trigonometric transformation.

[0023] (3) The present invention uses a UAV equipped with a high-precision displacement telemetry device, which is more flexible to deploy and not restricted by terrain; and it is easier to obtain vertical displacement information of key parts by looking down from a high altitude.

[0024] (4) The present invention compares the collapse mode and threshold value with the database, making the early warning result more reliable; and the real-time display of information of different parts through digital mirroring is more intuitive. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the process of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the radar beacon arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The embodiments of the present invention include but are not limited to the following examples.

[0028] Example

[0029] like Figure 1 、 2 As shown, the present invention discloses a method for automatically monitoring displacement of a building structure during a fire, comprising the following steps:

[0030] First, a 3D digital model of the building to be monitored is created in advance. The model mainly includes load-bearing structures such as beams and columns, forming a digital mirror image of the building.

[0031] Then, numerical simulation analysis is carried out on actual buildings to obtain the displacement and collapse patterns of building structures under different fire scenarios, revealing the weak parts of the building structure that are susceptible to fire, such as steel beams and columns. A database of building collapses caused by fire is established, including the main information: the fire scenarios that are most likely to collapse, and the displacement and temperature thresholds of the weak links in the structure under each scenario; and it is stored in the monitoring terminal.

[0032] Based on the results of the above simulation analysis, contact temperature sensors are installed inside the building and protected against fire. In the event of a fire, they can monitor the displacement of vulnerable areas in real time and transmit this information to the terminal in real time via low-latency technologies such as 5G. Radar beacons are installed on the building's exterior (such as at the top of columns) and numbered. In the event of a fire, millimeter-wave radar is used to obtain displacement information (primarily vertical displacement) at the beacon locations. This prevents damage to indoor sensors caused by fire while still providing information on the overall displacement and deformation of the building. Radar beacons are made of metal and are passive, requiring no power supply and resistant to high temperatures. The displacement information measured by the radar is also transmitted to the terminal via 5G.

[0033] In the event of a fire, a high-precision ground displacement telemetry device is deployed in a fixed position on the ground. Another high-precision high-altitude displacement telemetry device is deployed directly above the ground telemetry device via a drone. In this embodiment, both the high-precision ground displacement telemetry device and the high-altitude displacement telemetry device utilize millimeter-wave interferometric radar. The drone-mounted radar can simultaneously observe the displacement changes of multiple beacons from a high altitude. The drone is equipped with a professional-grade gimbal, which provides extremely high stability and ensures monitoring accuracy to the millimeter level.

[0034] Finally, the monitoring terminal obtains the displacement and temperature information of each monitoring point and uses it to match the fire scene in the building fire collapse database; the obtained displacement information is compared with the database displacement threshold corresponding to the aforementioned matched fire scene. If it is far less than the collapse threshold, each point on the digital mirror will be green; if it is close to the threshold, it will turn yellow; if it reaches or exceeds the threshold, it will turn red, and the monitoring terminal will issue an audible and visual alarm.

[0035] For example, suppose a radar beacon point on a building is C, and the fixed radar observation points are ground observation points A at a certain distance from the building. The drone is equipped with a radar located at observation point B directly above A. A and B form a deformation monitoring system and are fixed during the monitoring process.

[0036] A and B can independently monitor the distance to point C, and the distance between A and B can also be automatically measured, and then the angle of triangle ABC can be obtained through the cosine theorem.

[0037] When the building is deformed by fire, the target point shifts from the original point C to C1. Observation points A and B continue to monitor their respective distances to point C1. Similarly, the cosine theorem can be used to obtain the angle information of the new triangle ABC1.

[0038] Through the above continuous measurements, the vertical displacement generated after point C shifts to point C1 is ΔH = BC1 × cos ∠ C1BA - BC × cos ∠ CBA, and the horizontal displacement is ΔL = BC1 × sin ∠ C1BA - BC × sin ∠ CBA.

[0039] When multiple target points (not just C) are located in the monitoring field of view of A and B, the monitoring system can monitor the displacement and deformation of multiple targets simultaneously.

[0040] Through the above design, the present invention utilizes a pre-established database of building fire collapse patterns to provide scientific guidance for sensor placement, significantly improving the scientific nature and accuracy of structural displacement monitoring. It also employs a combined internal and external approach to monitor the deformation and displacement of key building components, making the monitoring more reliable and resistant to fire and high-temperature interference. 5G transmission significantly reduces latency and improves the accuracy of synchronization between the actual building and its mirror image. The use of drones equipped with radar allows for more flexible deployment, unrestricted by terrain, and, from a high altitude, makes it easier to obtain vertical displacement information of key components.

[0041] The above embodiment is only one of the preferred implementation methods of the present invention and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any changes or modifications that have no substantive meaning made to the main design concept and spirit of the present invention, as long as the technical problems solved are still consistent with the present invention, should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for automatically monitoring displacement of building structures during fire, characterized in that: The steps include: (S1) Pre-establishing a 3D digital model of the building to be monitored to form a digital mirror image of the building; (S2) Conduct numerical simulation analysis on actual buildings to obtain the collapse patterns of building structures under different fire scenarios, reveal the weak parts of building structures that are susceptible to fire, and establish a database of building collapses caused by fire; (S3) Based on the results of the above simulation analysis, a contact temperature sensor is installed inside the building and a plurality of beacons are installed outside the building; (S4) When a fire occurs, a fixed ground displacement telemetry device is deployed on the ground, and another high-altitude displacement telemetry device is deployed at a high altitude directly above the ground telemetry device by using a drone; (S5) The ground telemetry device and the high-altitude telemetry device measure the distance between each other in real time, and respectively monitor the distance from each other to the beacon monitoring point in real time; (S6) The monitoring terminal obtains displacement and temperature information of each monitoring point, calculates the horizontal and vertical displacement of each monitoring point through trigonometric transformation, and uses the information to match the displacement with the fire scene in the building fire collapse database; (S7) The obtained displacement information is compared with the database displacement threshold corresponding to the aforementioned matched fire scene. If it is far less than the collapse threshold, all points on the digital mirror are green. If it is close to the threshold, it turns yellow. If it reaches or exceeds the threshold, it turns red, and the monitoring terminal issues an audible and visual alarm.

2. The method for automatically monitoring displacement of building structures during fire according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (S2), the weak parts of the building structure include steel beams, columns and beam-column joints.

3. The method for automatically monitoring displacement of building structures during fire according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (S2), the building fire collapse database includes fire scenarios of building collapse and displacement and temperature thresholds of structural weak points in each scenario.

4. The method for automatically monitoring displacement of building structures during fire according to claim 3, characterized in that: The beacon adopts a metal beacon that is resistant to background signal interference and high temperature resistance.

5. The method for automatically monitoring displacement of building structures during fire according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ground telemetry device and the high-altitude telemetry device adopt millimeter wave interference radar.

6. The method for automatically monitoring displacement of building structures during fire according to claim 5, characterized in that: The temperature sensor monitoring information and the displacement information measured by the ground telemetry device and the high-altitude telemetry device are transmitted to the monitoring terminal through a low-latency communication device.

Images