A flexible north-guiding method for dual theodolite baselines

Abstract

The name of the present invention is: A method for flexibly guiding the north of a dual theodolite baseline. It belongs to the general technical field of guiding the north of a dual theodolite line segment pointing measurement baseline (dual theodolite connection line). It solves the technical problem that the dual theodolites are placed too close, and the coordinate extrapolation method and the satellite north measurement method lead to large errors in the north direction of the baseline. This method can establish two-theodolite, three-theodolite, and two-to-three-theodolite guiding north models according to different numbers of theodolites (two or three) and different north assignment methods (autonomous north search or using known north assignment), so as to realize flexible north guidance of dual theodolite baselines. Two-theodolite guiding north model J 基北 =J 北‑ J 终点 +π,J 基北 =J 北‑ J 起点 +2π three-theodolite north-guiding model J 基北 =J 北 +J3‑J 终点 , J 基北 =J 北 +J3‑J 起点 +π two-turn three-theodolite north-guiding model J 基北 =J 北 +J 终点 +J 移动 ‑2π, J 基北 =J 北 +J 起点 +J 移动 ‑πThis method is mainly used for absolute pointing measurement of line segments using dual theodolites. It is not limited by the size of the site and can conveniently realize high-precision and flexible north-guiding operations of dual theodolite baselines both indoors and outdoors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a universal north direction introduction method for a double theodolite baseline (double theodolite connection line). Background Art

[0002] As an important means of measuring the elevation and azimuth of a space segment, the dual theodolite measurement method is widely used due to its advantages of high accuracy and easy implementation. In order to accurately measure the absolute direction of a space segment, after the position of the dual theodolite is determined, it is necessary to accurately give the north direction of the dual theodolite line, that is, the baseline north direction. The dual theodolite baseline can be obtained by calculating the coordinates of the two theodolites, or by installing a satellite north-finding terminal on each of the two theodolites to obtain the baseline north direction through the satellite north-finding method. However, when the two theodolites are placed close to each other, they will be affected by the large errors of the coordinate calculation method and the satellite north-finding method due to the close distance. Therefore, neither the coordinate calculation method nor the satellite north-finding method is applicable.

[0003] To solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a method for determining the north direction of a dual theodolite baseline, namely, a north-guiding method. The method establishes a two-theodolite, three-theodolite, and two-to-three-theodolite north-guiding model, supports autonomous north-finding and assigning north using a known north direction. When performing absolute pointing measurement on a line segment, it is not limited by the size of the site, and can conveniently realize high-precision and flexible north-guiding operation of a dual theodolite baseline both indoors and outdoors.

[0004] Autonomous north search refers to finding north through the satellite north finder that comes with the system. The north finder mobile station is fixed on the theodolite, and the theodolite is aimed at the north finder base station to obtain the north direction of the line connecting the theodolite and the north finder base station. The north direction can also be obtained by using a gyro theodolite. Assigning north with known north direction refers to using the north direction of a known point and a distant standard point to center, level, and aim one of the theodolites at a distant standard point, and then aiming the two theodolites to obtain the north direction of the line connecting the two theodolites.

[0005] North is usually expressed as coordinate north or true north. Whether it is autonomous north finding or north assignment based on known north, what is obtained is the north direction of a theodolite and a distant aiming point. To obtain the baseline north direction based on autonomous north finding or north assignment based on known north, a north guidance model must be established. In the example of the present invention, all theodolites are set to right-hand display, that is, when the theodolite is rotated to the right, the readings gradually increase. When all theodolites are set to left-hand display, the formula can also be used. Summary of the invention

[0006] A method for flexible north guidance of a dual theodolite baseline has been invented. This method can be used to establish two-theodolite, three-theodolite, and two-to-three-theodolite north guidance models based on different numbers of theodolites (two or three) and different north-assigning methods (autonomous north-finding or using known north direction to assign north). That is, through known north direction, satellite north finders, gyrotheodolites, etc., flexible north guidance of a dual theodolite baseline can be achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Figure 1 2. Schematic diagram of theodolite guiding north (assigning north when north is known);

[0008] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the second theodolite guiding north (satellite north finder)

[0009] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the second theodolite guiding north (gyro theodolite);

[0010] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of three theodolites guiding north (assigning north when north is known);

[0011] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of three theodolites guiding north (satellite north finder);

[0012] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of three theodolites guiding north (gyro theodolite);

[0013] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of guiding north with a two-turn three-turn theodolite (assigning north when the north direction is known). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] 1. Two-theodolite north guidance model

[0015] The system has only two theodolites, one of which is used as both a north-guiding theodolite and one of the dual theodolites for measuring the direction. The position of this theodolite remains unchanged during the north-guiding process. Figure 1 to Figure 3 As shown. Since the north-guiding theodolite is set up on a known point, the position of the north-guiding theodolite must remain unchanged during the pointing measurement. This requires that the pointing space segment to be measured is also near the known point and is convenient for the theodolite to observe.

[0016] The process of guiding the north with two theodolites is as follows: After the two theodolites are set up, they are aimed at zero. The theodolite at the starting point of the measured space segment is called the starting point theodolite, and the theodolite at the end point is called the end point theodolite. The line connecting the two theodolites is the baseline, and the direction is from the starting point theodolite to the end point theodolite. On the other hand, the azimuth of the baseline and the azimuth of the space segment are less than 180°.

[0017] For the gyrotheodolite north-finding method, one of the north-finding theodolites is a gyrotheodolite, and the other theodolite can be directly sighted as the reference north-finding direction. Assume that the direction is J 北 If the endpoint theodolite is a gyrotheodolite, the baseline north direction is -J 北 ; If the starting point theodolite is a gyrotheodolite, the baseline north direction is J 北 .

[0018] For the two methods of assigning north to a known north direction and autonomous north finding by a north finder, a north-guiding theodolite is set up at a known point or a north finder mobile station is installed. Assume that the north direction from the north-guiding theodolite to a distant landmark or a north finder base station is J 北 .

[0019] 1) The north-pointing theodolite is used as the terminal theodolite

[0020] The arc of the reading of the north-guiding theodolite (terminal theodolite) aiming at a distant landmark or the reference station of the north-finding instrument is J 终点 . At this time, the baseline azimuth is

[0021] J 基北 =J 北 -J 终点 +π

[0022] 2) The north-oriented theodolite is used as the starting point theodolite

[0023] The arc of the reading of the north-guiding theodolite (starting point theodolite) aiming at a distant landmark or the reference station of the north-finding instrument is J 起点 . At this time, the baseline azimuth is

[0024] J 基北 =J 北 -J 起点 +2π

[0025] After completing the above north-leading operation, if J 基北 ≥2π or J 基北 <0, then you need to change J 基北 Add or subtract integer multiples of 2π to make the azimuth angle in radians between [0, 2π). The baseline north direction result obtained by the subsequent north guidance method also needs to be processed similarly.

[0026] 2. Three-theodolite north guidance model

[0027] The system has three theodolites, one of which is used as the north-guiding theodolite, and the other two are used as dual theodolites for measuring direction. During the north-guiding and pointing measurement operations, the positions of the three theodolites do not change. The position of the north-guiding theodolite remains unchanged during the whole measurement process. The dual theodolites for measuring direction can be set up on one side of the measured space segment. As long as the north-guiding theodolite can be aligned with one of the dual theodolites, the baseline north-guiding can be performed. Figures 4 to 6 shown.

[0028] The process of three-theodolite northing is as follows: the northing theodolite is set up at a known point, or a gyro theodolite is used, or a north-finding mobile station is installed on the theodolite, and zero is set when observing a distant marker or reference station. Assume that the north direction from the northing theodolite to the distant marker or reference station is J 北 After the dual theodolites are set up, aim and set to zero. Aim the north-guiding theodolite with one of the dual theodolites, and set the north-guiding theodolite to a reading of J3.

[0029] 1) Align the north-guiding theodolite with the endpoint theodolite

[0030] The theodolite reading at the end point is J 终点 , the baseline azimuth is

[0031] J 基北 =J 北 +J3-J 终点

[0032] 2) Align the north-guiding theodolite with the starting point theodolite

[0033] The starting point theodolite reading is J 起点 , the baseline azimuth is

[0034] J 基北 =J 北 +J3-J 起点 +π

[0035] 3. Two-turn three-theodolite north guidance model

[0036] The system has only two theodolites, one of which is used as both a north-guiding theodolite and one of the dual theodolites for measurement and pointing. It is first set up at one location when used as a north-guiding theodolite, and then set up at another location when used as a measurement and pointing theodolite. This theodolite is called a mobile theodolite. Only when the north is guided by a known north direction, it is necessary to transfer the two theodolites to the three theodolites for north guidance. The two theodolites can equivalently complete the three-theodolite north guidance operation, such as Figure 7 Compared with the two-theodolite north guidance, the measured space segment does not need to stop near the known point, but only needs to move the theodolite.

[0037] The process of the second theodolite to the third theodolite is as follows: a mobile theodolite is set up at a known point, and the distant marker is sighted and set to zero; the other theodolite is placed at the measuring position on one side of the measured space segment as one of the dual theodolites for measurement direction; the mobile theodolite is aligned with the north-guiding theodolite, and the reading of the mobile theodolite is J 移动 , set the other theodolite to zero. Move the mobile theodolite to the measuring position of the measured space segment, and form a double theodolite baseline for the measurement direction with the other theodolite.

[0038] 1) The other theodolite is the endpoint theodolite

[0039] The two theodolites are aligned, and the reading of the end point theodolite is J 终点 , the baseline azimuth is

[0040] J 基北 =J 北 +J 终点 +J 移动 -2π

[0041] 2) Another theodolite is the starting point theodolite

[0042] The two theodolites are aligned, and the starting point theodolite reading is J 起点 , the baseline azimuth is

[0043] J 基北 =J 北 +J 起点 +J 移动 -π

[0044] After using the second theodolite to transfer the third theodolite to guide the north, the two theodolites must be re-aimed and reset to zero before pointing measurements can be made.

Claims

1. A flexible north-guiding method for a dual-theodolite baseline, characterized in that it is composed of the following three specific north-guiding models: a two-theodolite north-guiding model, in which the system has only two theodolites, one of which is used as both a north-guiding theodolite and one of the dual theodolites for measuring the direction. The position of the theodolite remains unchanged during the north-guiding process. Since the north-guiding theodolite is set on a known point, the position of the north-guiding theodolite must remain unchanged when measuring a spatial line segment. This requires that the spatial line segment to be measured should also be near the known point and at a position convenient for the theodolite to observe. The process of the two-theodolite north-guiding model is as follows: 1a) After the dual theodolites are set up, aim and set them to zero; 1b) For the gyrotheodolite north-finding method, one of the north-finding theodolites is a gyrotheodolite, and the other theodolite can be directly sighted as the reference north-finding direction. Assume that the gyrotheodolite points to J 北， If the endpoint theodolite is a gyrotheodolite, the baseline north direction is -J 北 ; If the starting point theodolite is a gyrotheodolite, the baseline north direction is J 北 ; 1c) For the two methods of assigning north with known north and autonomous north finding by north finder, the north-guiding theodolite is set up at a known point or a north finder mobile station is installed. Assume that the north direction from the north-guiding theodolite to the distant landmark or north finder base station is J 北 ; (1) The north theodolite is used as the terminal theodolite The arc of the reading of the north-guiding theodolite at a distant landmark or the reference station of the north-finding instrument is J. 终点 , at this time, the baseline azimuth is I 基北 =J 北 -J 终点 +π (2) The north-pointing theodolite is used as the starting point theodolite The arc of the reading of the north-guiding theodolite at a distant landmark or the reference station of the north-finding instrument is J. 起点 , at this time, the baseline azimuth is J 基北 =J 北 -J 起点 +2π 1d) After completing the above north-leading operation, if J 基北 ≥2π or J 基北 <0, then J 基北 Add or subtract integer multiples of 2π to make the azimuth angle in the range of [0, 2π). The baseline north direction obtained by the subsequent north guidance method also needs to be processed similarly. The three-theodolite north-guiding model has three theodolites in the system, one of which is used as the north-guiding theodolite, and the other two are used as dual theodolites for measuring pointing. During the north-guiding and pointing measurement operations, the positions of the three theodolites do not change. The position of the north-guiding theodolite remains unchanged during the whole test process. The dual theodolite for measuring pointing can be set up on one side of the space segment to be measured. As long as the north-guiding theodolite can be aligned with one of the dual theodolites, the baseline north-guiding can be performed. The three-theodolite north-guiding process is as follows: 2a) The north-guiding theodolite is set up at a known point, or a gyro theodolite is used, or a north-finding mobile station is installed on the theodolite. When observing a distant landmark or reference station, the north direction from the north-guiding theodolite to the distant landmark or reference station is set to zero. Assume that the north direction from the north-guiding theodolite to the distant landmark or reference station is J 北 After the dual theodolites are set up, aim and set to zero. 2b) Align the north-guiding theodolite with one of the two theodolites, and set up the north-guiding theodolite to read J3. (1) Align the north-guiding theodolite with the endpoint theodolite The theodolite reading at the end point is J 终点 , the baseline azimuth is <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">J<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> 基北 <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> =J<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> 北 <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> +J3-J<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> 终点 (2) Align the north-guiding theodolite with the starting point theodolite The starting point theodolite reading is J 起点 , the baseline azimuth is J 基北 =J 北 +J3-J 起点 +π; In the two-turn-three-theodolite north-guiding model, the system has only two theodolites, one of which is used as both a north-guiding theodolite and one of the dual theodolites for measuring and pointing. It is first set up at one position as a north-guiding theodolite, and then set up at another position as a measuring and pointing theodolite. This theodolite is called a mobile theodolite. Only when the north is guided by the known north direction assignment means, the two-turn-three-theodolite north-guiding is needed. The three-theodolite north-guiding operation is equivalently completed with two theodolites. Compared with the two-theodolite north-guiding, the space line segment to be pointed to does not need to be near the known point, and only the theodolite needs to be moved. The two-turn-three-theodolite north-guiding process is as follows: 3a) Set up a mobile theodolite at a known point and aim at a distant marker to set the zero position; another theodolite is placed at the measuring position on one side of the measured space segment as one of the dual theodolites for measuring direction; 3b) The mobile theodolite is aligned with the north-guiding theodolite, and the reading of the mobile theodolite is J 移动 , set the other theodolite to zero; 3c) Move the mobile theodolite to the measuring position of the measured space segment, and form a double theodolite baseline for the measuring direction with another theodolite; (1) The other theodolite is the endpoint theodolite The two theodolites are aligned, and the reading of the end point theodolite is J 终点 , the baseline azimuth is J 基北 =J 北 +J 终点 +J 移动 -2π (2) Another theodolite is the starting point theodolite The two theodolites are aligned, and the starting point theodolite reading is J 起点 , the baseline azimuth is I 基北 =J 北 +J 起点 +J 移动 -π 3d) After using the second theodolite to transfer the third theodolite to guide north, the two theodolites must be re-aimed and reset to zero before pointing measurements can be made.

Images