A fuel cell stack device with a flood prevention function and a control method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a fuel cell stack device, belonging to the technical field of fuel cells, and solves the problems that the existing fuel cell stack is prone to waterlogging and the heat insulation is not obvious. The device includes a front plastic end plate, a positive current collector plate, a fuel cell stack, a negative current collector plate and a rear plastic end plate, an AC impedance measurement device and a controller. Among them, the front plastic end plate and the positive current collector plate are sequentially arranged on the positive electrode side of the fuel cell stack, and the negative current collector plate and the rear plastic end plate are sequentially arranged on the negative electrode side of the fuel cell stack. The controller is used to judge in real time whether the fuel cell has a waterlogging phenomenon according to the AC impedance of each single fuel cell; and, if so, further adjust the gas flow rate, gas humidity and tail gas discharge period entering the fuel cell stack according to the AC impedance and the output current of the fuel cell stack device until the waterlogging phenomenon no longer occurs. The function of preventing waterlogging is realized, and the effects of light weight and low processing cost are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly to a fuel cell stack device with a function of preventing waterlogging and a control method therefor. Background Art

[0002] During the operation of a fuel cell stack, single-cell fuel cells at the head or tail of the stack are prone to the single-low phenomenon of too low single-cell voltage. When the single-low phenomenon is severe, it will cause the stack to shut down and cause irreversible damage to the stack.

[0003] Generally, existing fuel cell stacks generally use metal end plates. The single-low of the end plates is very likely caused by waterlogging. Waterlogging causes blockage of the flow channels in a local area of the stack, and liquid water covers the catalyst surface, preventing hydrogen and air from reacting effectively with the catalyst, resulting in hydrogen starvation and air starvation. Furthermore, the performance of a single fuel cell deteriorates gradually, and the catalyst is corroded, which has a great impact on the reliability and lifespan of the fuel cell stack.

[0004] To solve the problem of large temperature difference and condensation water in the end plates, the prior art usually adds an insulating plate between the current collector plate and the end plate, including a cathode insulating plate and an anode insulating plate. The insulating plate can play an insulating role and also a heat-insulating role. Although the insulating plate can relieve waterlogging to a certain extent, the thickness of the insulating plate in the prior art is relatively thin, the heat-insulating effect is limited, and after adding the insulating plate, the manufacturing cost of the stack increases and the stack structure becomes more complex. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above analysis, embodiments of the present invention aim to provide a fuel cell stack device with a function of preventing waterlogging and a control method therefor, so as to solve the problems that existing fuel cell stacks are prone to waterlogging and the heat insulation is not obvious.

[0006] On the one hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a fuel cell stack device with a function of preventing waterlogging, including a front plastic end plate (1), a positive current collector plate (2), a fuel cell group (7), a negative current collector plate (5), a rear plastic end plate (6), an AC impedance measurement device, and a controller; wherein,

[0007] The front plastic end plate (1) and the positive current collector plate (2) are sequentially arranged on the positive side of the fuel cell group (7), and the negative current collector plate (5) and the rear plastic end plate (6) are sequentially arranged on the negative side of the fuel cell group (7); each electrode of the AC impedance measurement device is connected to a single fuel cell in the fuel cell group (7), and the output end is connected to the input end of the controller;

[0008] A controller is configured to determine in real time whether waterlogging occurs inside the fuel cell stack device based on the AC impedance of each single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack; and, if so, further adjust the gas flow rate, gas humidity, and tail gas emission cycle entering the fuel cell stack according to the AC impedance in combination with the output current of the fuel cell stack device until the waterlogging phenomenon no longer occurs.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: In order to alleviate the waterlogging phenomenon in the prior art, in terms of structure, the metal end plate of the above fuel cell stack device is replaced with a plastic end plate, and the insulating plate is cancelled; in terms of program, a waterlogging prevention control scheme is added. Since the thermal conductivity of plastic is poor, the temperature difference from the end plate to the single fuel cell is reduced, thereby effectively slowing down the occurrence of the waterlogging phenomenon. Moreover, the density of the plastic end plate is less than that of the metal end plate, which is beneficial to the lightweight development of the fuel cell stack and improves its energy density. Through a large number of experiments, it is found that the thicker the plastic end plate, the fewer the waterlogging frequencies. In addition, the plastic end plate has a lower cost and is easy to process, which can reduce the cost of the fuel cell stack to a certain extent. The test results of the above fuel cell stack device show that by using the plastic end plate in combination with the above waterlogging prevention control scheme, the single low frequencies of the end plate disappear significantly, the waterlogging phenomenon can be effectively improved, and the service life of the fuel cell stack device is significantly increased.

[0010] Based on the further improvement of the above device, the fuel cell stack device further includes a floating end plate (8), a spring group (9) connected in sequence, and a sealed plastic housing; wherein,

[0011] The negative electrode current collector plate (5) is connected to the rear plastic end plate (6) through the floating end plate (8) and the spring group (9) in sequence;

[0012] The front plastic end plate (1), the positive electrode current collector plate (2), the fuel cell stack (7), the negative electrode current collector plate (5), the floating end plate (8), the spring group (9), and the rear plastic end plate (6) are all arranged inside the plastic housing;

[0013] An air inlet, a hydrogen inlet, a coolant inlet, a coolant outlet, a hydrogen outlet, and a tail gas emission port are arranged on the outer surface of the plastic housing.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the above further improvement scheme are: The floating end plate (8), the spring group (9), and the sealed plastic housing are added. The floating end plate (8) is a plate with the same shape and size as the rear plastic end plate (6), and the area between the two can play a role in heat insulation and heat preservation to prevent gas condensation. The sealed plastic housing can further ensure the working stability of the internal equipment.

[0015] Further, a stack positive electrode wiring port (3) and a stack negative electrode wiring port (4) are also arranged on the outer surface of the plastic housing; wherein,

[0016] The positive terminal connection port (3) of the stack is connected to the positive electrode of the fuel cell stack (7);

[0017] The negative terminal connection port (4) of the stack is connected to the negative electrode of the fuel cell stack (7);

[0018] The positive terminal connection port (3) and the negative terminal connection port (4) of the stack are arranged on the same side of the plastic housing.

[0019] The beneficial effect of the above further improvement scheme is that after adding the positive terminal connection port (3) and the negative terminal connection port (4) of the stack, the use of the fuel cell stack device is more convenient.

[0020] Further, the materials of the front plastic end plate (1) and the rear plastic end plate (6) include at least one of epoxy resin, ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) plastic, and PA (polyamide) plastic, and the thickness of both is 2 - 3 cm.

[0021] The beneficial effect of the above further improvement scheme is that the preferred materials and dimensions of the plastic end plates are defined. The poor thermal conductivity of the plastic reduces the temperature difference between the end plate and the single fuel cell, thereby effectively slowing down the occurrence of water flooding. And the density of the above plastic end plates is less than that of the metal plate, which is beneficial to the lightweight development of the stack, improves its mass energy density, makes the manufacturing cost of the fuel cell stack device low, and is easy to process.

[0022] Further, the fuel cell stack device further includes an incoming air control device, an incoming hydrogen control device, and an exhaust gas throttle valve; and,

[0023] The incoming air control device further includes an air compressor and an intake throttle valve 1 connected in sequence; wherein, the intake throttle valve 1 is arranged at the front end of the air inlet and is connected to the air inlet through an intake air pipe 1;

[0024] The incoming hydrogen control device further includes a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen injector, and an intake throttle valve 2 connected in sequence; wherein, the intake valve 2 is arranged at the front end of the hydrogen inlet and is connected to the hydrogen inlet through an intake hydrogen pipe 2;

[0025] The input end of the above exhaust gas throttle valve is connected to the exhaust gas outlet.

[0026] The beneficial effect of the above further improvement scheme is that after adding the incoming air control device, the incoming hydrogen control device, and the exhaust gas throttle valve, the flow rate, pressure, and humidity of the incoming gas can be controlled more precisely. And, adding the exhaust gas throttle valve can further control the discharge cycle of the outgoing air.

[0027] Further, the fuel cell stack device further includes a hydrogen circulation device;

[0028] The hydrogen circulation device has its input end connected to the hydrogen outlet and its output end connected to the input end of the hydrogen injector, and is used to extract the remaining hydrogen in the tail gas at the hydrogen outlet and discharge the excess moisture for reuse in the power generation of the fuel cell stack device.

[0029] The beneficial effect of the above further improvement solution is that after adding the hydrogen circulation device, fuel can be saved, the fuel utilization efficiency can be improved, and the flooding phenomenon can be effectively alleviated by draining water.

[0030] Further, the fuel cell stack device further includes an in-stack coolant control device; and,

[0031] The in-stack coolant control device further includes a radiator and a water pump connected in sequence; wherein, the coolant outlet is connected to the coolant inlet through the water pump and the radiator.

[0032] The beneficial effect of the above further improvement solution is that after adding the in-stack coolant control device, the internal working temperature of the fuel cell stack device can be accurately controlled.

[0033] Further, the output end of the controller is respectively connected to the control ends of the intake throttle valves 1 and 2, the tail exhaust throttle valve, the hydrogen circulation device, and the radiator;

[0034] The controller further includes the following connected in sequence:

[0035] A data acquisition unit, which is used to acquire the AC impedance value of each single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack (7), as well as the in-stack coolant temperature and the output current of the fuel cell stack device, and send them to the data processing and control unit;

[0036] A data processing and control unit, which is used to judge in real time whether a flooding phenomenon occurs inside the stack device according to the AC impedance of all single fuel cells in the fuel cell stack; and, if it occurs, further control the opening degrees of the intake throttle valves 1 and 2 and the opening frequency of the tail exhaust throttle valve according to the AC impedance in combination with the output current of the fuel cell stack device, so that the air flow rate, hydrogen flow rate, and tail exhaust discharge period entering the fuel cell stack all reach the optimized values, and judge again. If the flooding phenomenon still occurs, control the hydrogen circulation device and the radiator so that the humidity of the hydrogen entering the stack and the stack temperature change until the flooding phenomenon no longer occurs.

[0037] The beneficial effect of the above further improvement solution is that by further defining the structure of the controller and the functions of each component, a more accurate anti-flooding control effect can be obtained.

[0038] Further, the data acquisition unit further includes a temperature sensor and a current sensor; wherein, the temperature sensor is respectively disposed at the coolant outlet position; the current sensor is connected to the power supply end of the fuel cell stack (7);

[0039] The data processing and control unit executes the following program:

[0040] Regularly acquire the AC impedance of all single fuel cells in the fuel cell stack at the current moment;

[0041] Compare the AC impedance of each single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack with a preset threshold respectively to determine whether there is a flooding phenomenon inside the stack device; if the AC impedance of any single fuel cell exceeds the preset threshold, it is determined that a flooding phenomenon has occurred, and proceed to the next step; otherwise, it is determined that no flooding phenomenon has occurred, and directly output the result that no flooding phenomenon has occurred in the fuel cell stack device;

[0042] Acquire the real-time output current of the fuel cell stack device;

[0043] Identify the amplitude and phase of the above real-time output current and the amplitude and phase of the above AC impedance, and input the amplitude and phase of the real-time output current and the amplitude and phase of the AC impedance into a pre-trained deep learning neural network respectively to obtain the air flow rate, hydrogen flow rate, and tail exhaust emission period entering the fuel cell stack as their respective optimized values;

[0044] Control the opening degrees of the first and second intake throttle valves according to the above air flow rate and hydrogen flow rate entering the fuel cell stack, and control the opening frequency of the tail exhaust throttle valve according to the above tail exhaust emission period to make them reach their respective optimized values;

[0045] Monitor the real-time output current of the fuel cell stack device. Until the real-time output current is stable, determine again whether there is a flooding phenomenon inside the stack device; if the flooding phenomenon still occurs, control the drainage volume of the hydrogen circulation device and the temperature of the radiator so that the humidity of the hydrogen entering the stack decreases and the stack temperature increases until the flooding phenomenon no longer occurs;

[0046] Output the result that the flooding phenomenon occurring in the fuel cell stack device has been resolved.

[0047] The beneficial effect of the above further improvement scheme is that it can achieve the anti-flooding function by accurately adjusting the opening period of the tail exhaust throttle valve and the opening degrees of the first and second intake throttle valves in the case of flooding.

[0048] On the other hand, the embodiment of the present invention provides a control method for a fuel cell stack device with an anti-flooding function, including the following steps:

[0049] Timely obtain the AC impedance of all single fuel cells in the fuel cell stack at the current moment;

[0050] Based on the AC impedance of all the single fuel cells, determine in real time whether there is a waterlogging phenomenon inside the stack device;

[0051] If it occurs, obtain the real-time output current of the fuel cell stack device, and adjust the air flow rate, gas humidity, and tail gas emission cycle entering the fuel cell stack according to the AC impedance in combination with the real-time output current, and judge again until the waterlogging phenomenon no longer occurs, and output the result that the waterlogging phenomenon occurring in the fuel cell stack device has been solved;

[0052] If it does not occur, output the result that there is no waterlogging phenomenon in the fuel cell stack device.

[0053] The beneficial effect of the above further improvement scheme is: In order to alleviate the waterlogging phenomenon of the existing technology, the above method adopts a waterlogging prevention control scheme. The test results show that after using the plastic end plate in combination with the above waterlogging prevention control scheme, the single low frequency of the end plate significantly disappears, the waterlogging phenomenon can be effectively improved, and the service life of the fuel cell stack device is significantly increased.

[0054] The purpose of providing the invention content part is to introduce the selection of concepts in a simplified form, which will be further described in the specific implementation manners below. The invention content part is not intended to identify the important features or essential features of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0055] By describing the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure in more detail in conjunction with the drawings, the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will become more obvious, wherein, in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the same reference numerals generally represent the same components.

[0056] Figure 1 Shows the main structural schematic diagram of the fuel cell stack device with a waterlogging prevention function in Embodiment 1;

[0057] Figure 2 Shows the main structural schematic diagram of the fuel cell stack device with a waterlogging prevention function in Embodiment 2;

[0058] Figure 3 Shows the circuit connection schematic diagram of the fuel cell stack device with a waterlogging prevention function in Embodiment 2.

[0059] Reference Numerals:

[0060] 1 - Front plastic end plate; 2 - Positive current collector plate; 3 - Positive terminal connection port of the fuel cell stack; 4 - Negative terminal connection port of the fuel cell stack; 5 - Negative current collector plate; 6 - Rear plastic end plate; 7 - Fuel cell stack; 8 - Floating end plate; 9 - Spring group. Detailed implementation manner

[0061] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present disclosure more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0062] The term "including" and its variants used herein mean open inclusion, that is, "including but not limited to". Unless otherwise stated, the term "or" means "and / or". The term "based on" means "at least partially based on". The terms "an exemplary embodiment" and "an embodiment" mean "at least one exemplary embodiment". The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first", "second", etc. may refer to different or the same objects. There may also be other explicit and implicit definitions hereinafter.

[0063] Embodiment 1

[0064] An embodiment of the present invention discloses a fuel cell stack device with a function of preventing waterlogging, including a front plastic end plate 1, a positive current collector plate 2, a fuel cell stack 7, a negative current collector plate 5, and a rear plastic end plate 6, as Figure 1 shown. In addition, it further includes an AC impedance measurement device and a controller.

[0065] The fuel cell stack 7 includes a plurality of single - cell fuel cells connected in series.

[0066] The front plastic end plate 1 and the positive current collector plate 2 are sequentially arranged on the positive side of the fuel cell stack 7, and the negative current collector plate 5 and the rear plastic end plate 6 are sequentially arranged on the negative side of the fuel cell stack 7.

[0067] Each electrode of the AC impedance measurement device is connected to a single - cell fuel cell in the fuel cell stack 7, and the output end is connected to the input end of the controller.

[0068] The controller is used to continuously judge whether waterlogging occurs inside the fuel cell stack device according to the AC impedance of each single - cell fuel cell in the fuel cell stack 7; and, if it occurs, further adjust the gas flow rate, gas humidity, and tail - gas emission period entering the fuel cell stack according to the AC impedance in combination with the output current of the fuel cell stack device until the waterlogging phenomenon no longer occurs.

[0069] Optionally, for the method of determining whether waterlogging occurs inside the stack device, reference can be made to Patent CN201811520455.0 or the method in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0070] Optionally, most learning networks in the prior art can be used to obtain the gas flow rate, gas humidity, and tail gas emission cycle entering the fuel cell stack. Different characteristic data can be extracted as input data according to requirements, and the gas flow rate, gas humidity, and tail gas emission cycle entering the fuel cell stack are used as output data. Regarding the training method, it is obtained by training with pre-calibrated input data and output data. Those skilled in the art can understand that no specific limitation is imposed.

[0071] Optionally, the AC impedance measurement device can use existing devices. For example, refer to CN201110340568.4, or it can be obtained by combining a single-cell voltage monitor of the stack with a current sensor arranged at the power supply end of the fuel cell stack through an impedance calculation formula.

[0072] The single-cell voltage monitor of the stack is used to collect the voltage of each single fuel cell and send it to the controller. Exemplarily, refer to Patent CN201711206252.X.

[0073] Compared with the prior art, in order to alleviate the waterlogging phenomenon in the prior art, the device provided in this embodiment replaces the metal end plate with a plastic end plate and cancels the insulating plate in terms of structure; in terms of the program, a waterlogging prevention control scheme is added. Since the thermal conductivity of plastic is poor, the temperature difference from the end plate to the single fuel cell is reduced, thereby effectively slowing down the occurrence of the waterlogging phenomenon. Moreover, the density of the plastic end plate is less than that of the metal end plate, which is beneficial to the lightweight development of the stack and improves its energy density. Through a large number of experiments, it is found that the thicker the plastic end plate, the fewer the waterlogging frequencies. In addition, the plastic end plate has a lower cost and is easy to process, which can reduce the cost of the stack to a certain extent. The test results of the above fuel cell stack device show that for the fuel cell stack device using the plastic end plate combined with the above waterlogging prevention control scheme, the single low frequency of the end plate significantly disappears, the waterlogging phenomenon can be effectively improved, and the service life of the fuel cell stack device is significantly increased.

[0074] Embodiment 2

[0075] Based on Embodiment 1 for improvement, the materials of the front plastic end plate 1 and the rear plastic end plate 6 can be one of epoxy resin materials, ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) plastics, and PA (polyamide) plastics. The thickness is 2 - 3 cm.

[0076] Preferably, when the materials of the front plastic end plate 1 and the rear plastic end plate 6 are both epoxy resin materials, the thickness is 2 cm; when using epoxy resin materials, the thickness is 2.5 cm; when using PA (polyamide) materials, the thickness is 2.5 cm.

[0077] Preferably, the fuel cell stack device further includes a floating end plate 8 and a spring group 9 connected in sequence, as Figure 2 shown, and a sealed plastic housing. The floating end plate 8 and the spring group 9 are arranged between the negative current collector plate 5 and the rear plastic end plate 6; and, the negative current collector plate 5 is connected to the rear plastic end plate 6 through the floating end plate 8 and the spring group 9 in sequence. The floating end plate 8 is a plate with the same shape and size as the rear plastic end plate 6, and the area between them can play a role in heat insulation and heat preservation to prevent gas condensation.

[0078] Preferably, the above-mentioned front plastic end plate 1, positive current collector plate 2, fuel cell stack 7, negative current collector plate 5, floating end plate 8, spring group 9, and rear plastic end plate 6 are all arranged inside the plastic housing. The outer surface of the plastic housing is provided with an air inlet, a hydrogen inlet, a coolant inlet, a coolant outlet, a hydrogen outlet, and an exhaust gas outlet.

[0079] Preferably, the outer surface of the plastic housing is also provided with a stack positive terminal port 3 and a stack negative terminal port 4; wherein, the stack positive terminal port 3 is connected to the positive electrode of the fuel cell stack 7; the stack negative terminal port 4 is connected to the negative electrode of the fuel cell stack 7; the stack positive terminal port 3 and the stack negative terminal port 4 are arranged on the same side of the plastic housing.

[0080] Preferably, the fuel cell stack device further includes an incoming air control device, an incoming hydrogen control device, and an exhaust gas throttle valve. And, the input end of the above-mentioned exhaust gas throttle valve is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the stack device; the above-mentioned incoming air control device further includes an air compressor and an intake throttle valve 1 connected in sequence. Among them, the intake throttle valve 1 is arranged at the front end of the air inlet and is connected to the air inlet through an intake pipeline 1. The incoming hydrogen control device further includes a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen injector, and an intake throttle valve 2 connected in sequence; among them, the intake valve 2 is arranged at the front end of the hydrogen inlet and is connected to the hydrogen inlet through an intake pipeline 2.

[0081] Preferably, the fuel cell stack device further includes a hydrogen circulation device.

[0082] The hydrogen circulation device, its input end is connected to the hydrogen outlet, its output end is connected to the input end of the hydrogen injector, and is used to extract the remaining hydrogen in the exhaust gas at the hydrogen outlet and discharge the excess moisture for the fuel cell stack device to generate electricity and use again. Preferably, the hydrogen circulation device can adopt a water separator and a hydrogen recovery device connected in sequence (exemplarily, reference can be made to Patent CN202021274967.6).

[0083] Preferably, the fuel cell stack device includes an in-stack coolant control device. Moreover, the in-stack coolant control device further includes a radiator and a water pump connected in sequence; wherein, the coolant outlet of the stack is connected to the coolant inlet of the stack through the water pump and the radiator.

[0084] Preferably, the output end of the controller is respectively connected to the control ends of the intake throttle valves 1, 2 and the tail exhaust throttle valve.

[0085] Preferably, the controller includes a data acquisition unit and a data processing and control unit connected in sequence.

[0086] The data acquisition unit is used to collect the AC impedance values of each single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack 7, as well as the in-stack coolant temperature and the output current of the fuel cell stack device, and send them to the data processing and control unit.

[0087] The data processing and control unit is used to judge in real time whether there is a flooding phenomenon inside the stack device according to the AC impedance of all single fuel cells in the fuel cell stack; and, if so, further control the opening degrees of the intake throttle valves 1 and 2 and the opening frequency of the tail exhaust throttle valve according to the AC impedance in combination with the output current of the fuel cell stack device, so that the air flow rate, hydrogen flow rate and tail exhaust emission period entering the fuel cell stack all reach the optimized values, and then judge again. If the flooding phenomenon still occurs, control the hydrogen circulation device and the radiator so that the humidity of the hydrogen entering the stack and the stack temperature change until the flooding phenomenon does not occur.

[0088] Preferably, the data acquisition unit further includes a temperature sensor and a power sensor. Among them, the temperature sensors are respectively arranged at the coolant inlet and coolant outlet positions. The power sensor is connected to the power supply end of the fuel cell stack 7.

[0089] Preferably, the fuel cell stack device includes a DC-DC converter connected to the power supply end of the fuel cell stack 7, as Figure 3 shown. The DC-DC converter includes more than one DC output port.

[0090] Preferably, the data processing and control unit executes the following program:

[0091] SS1. Regularly obtain the AC impedance of all single fuel cells in the fuel cell stack at the current moment;

[0092] SS2. Compare the AC impedance of each single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack with a preset threshold respectively to determine whether water flooding occurs inside the stack device; if the AC impedance of any single fuel cell exceeds the preset threshold, it is determined that water flooding has occurred and proceed to the next step; otherwise, it is determined that water flooding has not occurred and directly output the result that no water flooding has occurred in the fuel cell stack device;

[0093] SS3. Obtain the real-time output current of the fuel cell stack device;

[0094] SS4. Identify the amplitude and phase of the above real-time output current and the amplitude and phase of the above AC impedance, and input the amplitude and phase of the real-time output current and the amplitude and phase of the AC impedance into a pre-trained deep learning neural network respectively to obtain the air flow rate, hydrogen flow rate, and tail exhaust emission period entering the fuel cell stack as their respective optimized values;

[0095] SS4. Control the opening degrees of the intake throttle valves 1 and 2 according to the above air flow rate and hydrogen flow rate entering the fuel cell stack, and control the opening frequency of the tail exhaust throttle valve according to the above tail exhaust emission period to make them reach their respective optimized values;

[0096] SS5. Monitor the real-time output current of the fuel cell stack device. After the real-time output current stabilizes, determine again whether water flooding occurs inside the stack device; if water flooding still occurs, control the drainage volume of the hydrogen circulation device and the temperature of the radiator to reduce the humidity of the hydrogen entering the stack and increase the stack temperature until water flooding no longer occurs;

[0097] SS6. Output the result that the water flooding problem that occurred in the fuel cell stack device has been solved.

[0098] Compared with Embodiment 1, the device provided in this embodiment adds a floating end plate 8, a spring group 9, as well as a tail exhaust throttle valve, an intake air control device, an intake hydrogen control device, an intake coolant control device, and a controller. It can further achieve the function of preventing water flooding by adjusting the opening degrees of the tail exhaust throttle valve and the intake throttle valves 1 and 2 in the case of water flooding, effectively improving the service life of the fuel cell stack device.

[0099] Embodiment 3

[0100] Another embodiment of the present invention also discloses a control method for the fuel cell stack device described in Embodiments 1 and 2 above, including the following steps:

[0101] S1. Regularly obtain the AC impedance of all single fuel cells in the fuel cell stack at the current moment;

[0102] S2. Judging in real time whether there is a waterlogging phenomenon inside the fuel cell stack device according to the AC impedance of all the single fuel cells;

[0103] S3. If it occurs, obtain the real-time output current of the fuel cell stack device, and adjust the air flow rate, gas humidity, and tail gas emission cycle entering the fuel cell stack according to the AC impedance in combination with the real-time output current, and judge again until the waterlogging phenomenon no longer occurs, and output the result that the waterlogging phenomenon occurring in the fuel cell stack device has been solved;

[0104] S4. If it does not occur, output the result that there is no waterlogging phenomenon in the fuel cell stack device.

[0105] Compared with the prior art, in order to alleviate the waterlogging phenomenon in the prior art, this embodiment adopts a waterlogging prevention control scheme. The test results show that after using the plastic end plate in combination with the above-mentioned waterlogging prevention control scheme, the single low frequency of the end plate significantly disappears, the waterlogging phenomenon can be effectively improved, and the service life of the fuel cell stack device is significantly increased.

[0106] The various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above. The above description is exemplary and not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art in the technical field without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The choice of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles, practical applications, or improvements to the prior art, or to enable other ordinary skilled persons in the technical field to understand the disclosed embodiments.

Claims

1. A fuel cell stack device with a flood prevention function, characterized in that, It includes a front plastic end plate (1), a positive current collector plate (2), a fuel cell stack (7), a negative current collector plate (5), a rear plastic end plate (6), an alternating current impedance measurement device and a controller. It also includes an incoming stack air control device, an incoming stack hydrogen control device, a tail exhaust throttle valve, a hydrogen circulation device, and an incoming stack coolant control device; wherein, The front plastic end plate (1) and the positive current collector plate (2) are sequentially placed on the positive electrode side of the fuel cell stack (7), and the negative current collector plate (5) and the rear plastic end plate (6) are sequentially placed on the negative electrode side of the fuel cell stack (7); each electrode of the alternating current impedance measurement device is respectively connected to a single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack (7), and the output end is connected to the input end of the controller; The incoming stack air control device further includes an air compressor and a first intake throttle valve connected in sequence; the incoming stack hydrogen control device further includes a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen injector, and a second intake throttle valve connected in sequence; The incoming stack coolant control device further includes a radiator and a water pump connected in sequence; The controller is used to judge in real time whether there is a waterlogging phenomenon inside the fuel cell stack device according to the alternating current impedance of each single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack; and if so, further adjust the gas flow rate, gas humidity, and tail exhaust emission cycle entering the fuel cell stack according to the alternating current impedance combined with the output current of the fuel cell stack device until the waterlogging phenomenon no longer occurs; The output end of the controller is respectively connected to the control ends of the first intake throttle valve, the second intake throttle valve, the tail exhaust throttle valve, the hydrogen circulation device, and the radiator; The controller further includes a data acquisition unit and a data processing and control unit connected in sequence, and the data processing and control unit executes the following program: Regularly obtain the alternating current impedance of all single fuel cells in the fuel cell stack at the current moment; Compare the alternating current impedance of each single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack with a preset threshold respectively to judge whether there is a waterlogging phenomenon inside the fuel cell stack device; if the alternating current impedance of any single fuel cell exceeds the preset threshold, it is determined that a waterlogging phenomenon has occurred, and proceed to the next step; otherwise, it is determined that no waterlogging phenomenon has occurred, and directly output the result that no waterlogging phenomenon has occurred in the fuel cell stack device; Obtain the real-time output current of the fuel cell stack device; Identify the amplitude and phase of the real-time output current and the amplitude and phase of the alternating current impedance, and input the amplitude and phase of the real-time output current and the amplitude and phase of the alternating current impedance into a pre-trained deep learning neural network to obtain the air flow rate, hydrogen flow rate, and tail exhaust emission cycle entering the fuel cell stack as their respective optimized values; Control the opening degrees of the first intake throttle valve and the second intake throttle valve according to the air flow rate and hydrogen flow rate entering the fuel cell stack, and control the opening frequency of the tail exhaust throttle valve according to the tail exhaust emission cycle to make them reach their respective optimized values; Monitor the real-time output current of the fuel cell stack device. After the real-time output current stabilizes, determine again whether there is a waterlogging phenomenon inside the stack device. If the waterlogging phenomenon still occurs, control the drainage volume of the hydrogen circulation device and the temperature of the radiator to reduce the humidity of the hydrogen entering the stack and increase the stack temperature until the waterlogging phenomenon no longer occurs. Output the result that the waterlogging phenomenon occurring in the fuel cell stack device has been solved.

2. The fuel cell stack device with a flood prevention function according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a floating end plate (8), a spring group (9) connected in sequence, and a sealed plastic housing. Among them, The negative electrode current collector plate (5) is connected to the rear plastic end plate (6) through the floating end plate (8) and the spring group (9) in sequence. The front plastic end plate (1), the positive electrode current collector plate (2), the fuel cell stack (7), the negative electrode current collector plate (5), the floating end plate (8), the spring group (9), and the rear plastic end plate (6) are all arranged inside the plastic housing. Air inlets, hydrogen inlets, coolant inlets, coolant outlets, hydrogen outlets, and tail gas discharge ports are arranged on the outer surface of the plastic housing.

3. The fuel cell stack device with a flood-proof function according to claim 2, characterized in that, A stack positive electrode wiring port (3) and a stack negative electrode wiring port (4) are also arranged on the outer surface of the plastic housing. Among them, The stack positive electrode wiring port (3) is connected to the positive electrode of the fuel cell stack (7). The stack negative electrode wiring port (4) is connected to the negative electrode of the fuel cell stack (7). The stack positive electrode wiring port (3) and the stack negative electrode wiring port (4) are arranged on the same side of the plastic housing.

4. The fuel cell stack device with a flood prevention function according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The materials of the front plastic end plate (1) and the rear plastic end plate (6) include at least one of epoxy resin, ABS plastic, and PA plastic, and the thickness of each is 2 - 3 cm.

5. The fuel cell stack device with a waterlogging prevention function according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The first intake throttle valve is arranged at the front end of the air inlet and is connected to the air inlet through the first intake pipeline. The second intake throttle valve is arranged at the front end of the hydrogen inlet and is connected to the hydrogen inlet through the second intake pipeline. The input end of the above-mentioned tail gas exhaust throttle valve is connected to the tail gas discharge port.

6. The fuel cell stack device with a waterlogging prevention function according to claim 5, characterized in that, The hydrogen circulation device, its input end is connected to the hydrogen outlet, and its output end is connected to the input end of the hydrogen injector, and is used to extract the remaining hydrogen in the tail gas at the hydrogen outlet and discharge the excess moisture for reuse in the power generation of the fuel cell stack device.

7. The fuel cell stack device with a flood prevention function according to claim 6, characterized in that, The coolant outlet is connected to the coolant inlet through a water pump and a radiator.

8. The fuel cell stack device with a waterlogging prevention function according to claim 7, characterized in that, The data acquisition unit is used to acquire the AC impedance value of each single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack (7), as well as the coolant temperature entering the stack and the output current of the fuel cell stack device, and send them to the data processing and control unit. A data processing and control unit is configured to determine in real time whether a waterlogging phenomenon occurs inside the fuel cell stack device based on the AC impedance of all single fuel cells in the fuel cell stack; and, if so, further control the opening degrees of the first and second intake throttle valves and the opening frequency of the tail exhaust throttle valve according to the AC impedance in combination with the output current of the fuel cell stack device, so that the air flow rate, hydrogen flow rate, and tail exhaust emission period entering the fuel cell stack all reach optimized values. Then, make a judgment again. If the waterlogging phenomenon still occurs, control the hydrogen circulation device and radiator so that the humidity of the hydrogen entering the stack and the temperature of the fuel cell stack change until the waterlogging phenomenon no longer occurs.

9. The fuel cell stack device with a flood-proof function according to claim 8, characterized in that, The data acquisition unit further includes a temperature sensor and a current sensor; wherein, the temperature sensor is respectively arranged at the coolant outlet position; and the current sensor is connected to the power supply end of the fuel cell stack (7).

10. A control method for a fuel cell stack device with a flood prevention function as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Regularly obtain the AC impedance of all single fuel cells in the fuel cell stack at the current moment; Determine in real time whether a waterlogging phenomenon occurs inside the fuel cell stack device based on the AC impedance of all the single fuel cells; If it occurs, obtain the real-time output current of the fuel cell stack device, and adjust the air flow rate, gas humidity, and tail exhaust emission period entering the fuel cell stack according to the AC impedance in combination with the real-time output current. Then, make a judgment again until the waterlogging phenomenon no longer occurs, and output the result that the waterlogging phenomenon occurring in the fuel cell stack device has been resolved. If it does not occur, output the result that no waterlogging phenomenon occurs in the fuel cell stack device.

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