Aluminum-air-aluminum-ion composite battery and power supply system

Abstract

The present invention discloses an aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery and a power supply system. The aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery and the power supply system include: a battery body, an aluminum-ion battery anode, an aluminum-ion battery cathode, an aluminum-air battery cathode and an ion conductor diaphragm; a cavity is provided inside the battery body; a first groove and a second groove that are not connected to each other are provided on the side wall of the cavity; the ion conductor diaphragm is located between the first groove and the cavity, and the ion conductor diaphragm separates the first groove from the cavity; the aluminum-ion battery anode and the aluminum-ion battery cathode are both arranged in the first groove, and the first groove is filled with aluminum-ion battery electrolyte; the cavity is filled with alkaline electrolyte; the aluminum-air battery cathode is located between the second groove and the cavity, and the aluminum-air battery cathode separates the second groove from the cavity; air is introduced into the second groove. The present invention can reduce the complexity and cost of the battery and the power supply system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of power supply, and in particular to an aluminum-air-aluminum-ion composite battery and a power supply system. Background Art

[0002] At present, a typical load system usually consists of a power system, a fuselage system, a data transmission device and a remote control. There are two types of loads: DC drive and AC drive. DC drive loads, such as electric drones and robots; AC drive systems, such as electric vehicles and electric ships. Regardless of the type of load, it must go through a complex environment and require different power inputs to complete the work purpose. For example, electric vehicles not only travel on flat roads, but also accelerate and climb hills, which require acceleration and high power input to achieve the purpose; electric drones not only fly at a constant speed, but also take off and climb hills, and accelerate flight, which all require high power input. Looking at these current loads, the power sources used are mostly lithium-ion batteries, hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, or a combination of lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells, or a combination of supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. Because lithium-ion batteries have limited energy storage and short cruising range, and hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells are also difficult to store hydrogen, they need to carry a hydrogen storage tank, which takes up space, so the energy storage is also limited. Therefore, these combinations currently have the disadvantage of short cruising range.

[0003] In view of the above shortcomings, a combined power supply system of aluminum-air batteries and aluminum-ion batteries is proposed, in which the aluminum-air batteries and aluminum-ion batteries are connected to the load respectively. Aluminum-air batteries have high energy density, long driving range, no need for gas tanks, and occupy little space. Aluminum-ion batteries have high power density and strong climbing and acceleration capabilities. This allows long-distance driving and adaptability to complex environments. However, this power supply system connects separate aluminum-air batteries and separate aluminum-ion batteries to the load respectively. This combination is complex in structure and high in cost. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, an embodiment of the present invention provides an aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery and a power supply system to reduce complexity and cost.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] An aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery, comprising: a battery body, an aluminum-ion battery anode, an aluminum-ion battery cathode, an aluminum-air battery cathode and an ion conductor diaphragm;

[0007] A cavity is provided inside the battery body; a first groove and a second groove which are not connected to each other are provided on the side wall of the cavity; the ion conductor diaphragm is located between the first groove and the cavity, and the ion conductor diaphragm separates the first groove from the cavity; the aluminum ion battery anode and the aluminum ion battery cathode are both arranged in the first groove, and the first groove is filled with aluminum ion battery electrolyte; the cavity is filled with alkaline electrolyte; the aluminum-air battery cathode is located between the second groove and the cavity, and the aluminum-air battery cathode separates the second groove from the cavity; air is passed into the second groove.

[0008] Optionally, the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery further includes: an anode diaphragm;

[0009] The anode separator surrounds the anode of the aluminum ion battery; the anode separator separates the anode of the aluminum ion battery from the cathode of the aluminum ion battery.

[0010] Optionally, an oxygen-permeable membrane is provided on a side of the aluminum-air battery cathode close to the second groove; and a catalyst layer is provided on a side of the aluminum-air battery cathode close to the cavity.

[0011] Optionally, the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery further includes: an alkaline electrolyte container;

[0012] The alkaline electrolyte container is arranged on the inner wall of the cavity; the alkaline electrolyte container, the ion conductor diaphragm and the aluminum-air battery cathode form a containing space for containing the alkaline electrolyte.

[0013] Optionally, the ion conductor membrane is modified montmorillonite.

[0014] Optionally, the aluminum ion battery electrolyte is a 1 mol / L AlCl3 aqueous solution.

[0015] Optionally, the catalyst on the catalyst layer is nano α-MnO2.

[0016] Optionally, a liquid filling hole, an air inlet hole and an air outlet hole are provided on the battery body;

[0017] The liquid adding hole is communicated with the cavity; the air inlet hole and the air outlet hole are both communicated with the second groove.

[0018] Optionally, the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery further includes: a rubber pad;

[0019] The alkaline electrolyte container is attached to the inner wall of the cavity through the rubber pad.

[0020] The present invention also provides a power supply system, comprising: the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery described above; the aluminum-ion battery anode and the aluminum-ion battery cathode in the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery are both connected to a load; the aluminum-air battery cathode in the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery is electrically connected to the aluminum-ion battery cathode.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The embodiment of the present invention proposes an aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery and a power supply system, which includes: a battery body, an aluminum-ion battery anode, an aluminum-ion battery cathode, an aluminum-air battery cathode and an ion conductor diaphragm; the aluminum-ion battery anode provides cations, which on the one hand form an aluminum-ion battery with the aluminum-ion battery cathode in the aluminum-ion battery electrolyte and discharge outward; on the other hand, aluminum ions penetrate the ion conductor diaphragm and enter the alkaline electrolyte, so that the aluminum-ion battery anode and the aluminum-air battery cathode form an aluminum-air battery and discharge outward. The present invention uses an ion conductor diaphragm to organically combine an aluminum-ion battery and an aluminum-air battery to form an integrated battery. The aluminum-ion battery and the aluminum-air battery share the aluminum-ion battery anode, which has low complexity and low cost, can be mass-produced, and is widely used. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0024] Figure 1 A structural diagram of an aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a power supply system provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a working process diagram of the power supply system provided in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0031] See also Figure 1 The aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery comprises: a battery body, an aluminum-ion battery anode 3, an aluminum-ion battery cathode 1, an aluminum-air battery cathode 13 and an ion conductor diaphragm 6.

[0032] A cavity is provided inside the battery body; a first groove and a second groove which are not connected to each other are provided on the side wall of the cavity; the ion conductor diaphragm 6 is located between the first groove and the cavity, and the ion conductor diaphragm 6 separates the first groove from the cavity; the aluminum ion battery anode 3 and the aluminum ion battery cathode 1 are both arranged in the first groove, and the first groove is filled with an aluminum ion battery electrolyte 4; the cavity is filled with an alkaline electrolyte 11; the aluminum-air battery cathode 13 is located between the second groove and the cavity, and the aluminum-air battery cathode 13 separates the second groove from the cavity; and air is passed into the second groove.

[0033] In practical applications, the aluminum ion battery anode 3 provides cations, which on the one hand form an aluminum ion battery 5 with the aluminum ion battery cathode 1 in the aluminum ion battery electrolyte 4 and discharge outward; on the other hand, aluminum ions pass through the ion conductor diaphragm 6 and enter the alkaline electrolyte 11, so that the aluminum ion battery anode 3 and the aluminum air battery cathode 13 form an aluminum air battery 12 and discharge outward.

[0034] In one example, the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery further includes: an anode separator 2; the anode separator 2 surrounds the aluminum-ion battery anode 3; the anode separator 2 separates the aluminum-ion battery anode 3 from the aluminum-ion battery cathode 1. The anode separator 2 separates the aluminum-ion battery anode 3 from the aluminum-ion battery cathode 1 in the aluminum-ion battery electrolyte, preventing aluminum dendrites from growing on the aluminum-ion battery anode 3 and short-circuiting the aluminum-ion battery cathode 1.

[0035] In one example, an oxygen permeable membrane is provided on the side of the aluminum-air battery cathode 13 close to the second groove; a catalyst layer is provided on the side of the aluminum-air battery cathode 13 close to the cavity. The catalyst on the catalyst layer may be nano α-MnO2. The oxygen permeable membrane not only allows O2 in the air entering the second groove to pass through, but also allows waterproofing; the aluminum ions of the aluminum ion battery anode 3 pass through the ion conductor diaphragm 6 to reach the catalyst layer, and O2 passes through the oxygen permeable membrane to reach the catalyst layer. Under the action of the catalyst, O2 reacts with the aluminum ions and discharges outward.

[0036] In one example, the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery further includes: an alkaline electrolyte container 10; the alkaline electrolyte container 10 is arranged on the inner wall of the cavity; the alkaline electrolyte container 10, the ion conductor diaphragm 6 and the aluminum-air battery cathode 13 form a storage space for accommodating the alkaline electrolyte 11.

[0037] In one example, the ion conductor membrane 6 can only allow aluminum ions to pass through, and the ion conductor membrane 6 can be modified montmorillonite. The preparation method of the modified montmorillonite is as follows:

[0038] 100 mL of 0.4 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added dropwise to 230 mL of 0.4 mol / L aluminum chloride aqueous solution while stirring, and then kept warm at room temperature for 12 h, and then vacuum concentrated to 100 mL at 60° C. to obtain a polymerized inorganic aluminum ion aqueous solution.

[0039] 30 mL of polymerized inorganic aluminum ion aqueous solution was added to 3 g of sodium montmorillonite and ultrasonicated for 30 minutes. After stirring at room temperature for 1 day, aluminum ions were adsorbed between the layers and on the surface of the montmorillonite. The precipitate and the supernatant were separated by centrifugation. This operation was repeated 4 times.

[0040] The product was separated by suction filtration using a Buchner funnel (i.e., the aluminum-based montmorillonite was separated from the turbid solution and the aqueous solution was removed). After the montmorillonite was separated from the solution, there were still many chloride ions attached to the surface of the particles, and the montmorillonite needed to be cleaned. Therefore, the filtered montmorillonite was repeatedly rinsed with distilled water until it was free of chloride ions, dried at 100°C and then ground, and then placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 350°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min for 2h, followed by ball milling at 30Hz for 4h, and dried at 80°C to obtain preliminary modified montmorillonite (modified inorganic aluminum ions).

[0041] The preliminary modified montmorillonite is compacted into a plate with a thickness of 1 to 3 mm, which is the final modified montmorillonite. The modified montmorillonite serves as a solid conductor of aluminum ions, allowing only aluminum ions to pass through, while other components cannot pass through.

[0042] In one example, the aluminum ion battery electrolyte 4 is a 1 mol / L AlCl3 aqueous solution. The alkaline electrolyte 11 may be a KOH electrolyte.

[0043] In one example, in one example, a liquid filling hole 9, an air inlet hole 14 and an air outlet hole 15 are provided on the battery body; the liquid filling hole 9 is connected to the cavity; the air inlet hole 14 and the air outlet hole 15 are both connected to the second groove.

[0044] In one example, the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery further includes: a rubber pad 7; and the alkaline electrolyte container 10 is attached to the inner wall of the cavity through the rubber pad 7.

[0045] In one example, the aluminum ion battery cathode 1 and the aluminum air battery cathode 13 are both made of commonly used materials, such as carbon. The aluminum ion battery anode 3 can be a 4N high-purity aluminum plate with a thickness of 3 to 6 mm.

[0046] In one example, a liquid level sensor and an alarm are provided in the cavity; the liquid level sensor and the alarm are both connected to an external controller; the liquid level sensor is used to detect the height of the alkaline electrolyte 11 in the cavity, and when the height is less than the set height, a liquid adding signal is sent to the controller; the controller controls the alarm to send an alarm signal according to the liquid adding signal to remind the operator to add alkaline electrolyte 11 to the cavity to ensure continuous discharge.

[0047] In one example, the battery body is provided with a first through hole, a second through hole and a third through hole; the first through hole is used for the aluminum ion battery anode 3 to be led to the outside, the second through hole is used for the aluminum ion battery cathode 1 to be led to the outside, the third through hole is used for the aluminum air battery cathode 13 to be led to the outside, and the aluminum air battery cathode 13 is electrically connected to the aluminum ion battery cathode 1 through the third through hole. Figure 1 As shown, the aluminum ion battery anode 3 and the aluminum ion battery cathode 1 are both connected to the load through a wire 8, and the aluminum-air battery cathode 13 is connected to the aluminum ion battery cathode 1 through a wire, which is equivalent to connecting the aluminum-air battery and the aluminum-ion battery in parallel. The aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery has both the characteristics of an aluminum-air battery and an aluminum-ion battery, and its operating conditions can be changed as various application requirements change.

[0048] The aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery of this embodiment separates the ion electrolyte from the alkaline electrolyte 11 through the ion conductor diaphragm 6, organically combines the aluminum-ion battery with the aluminum-air battery, and forms a new aluminum battery that integrates the aluminum-air aluminum-ion battery. The composite battery has the following advantages in application:

[0049] (1) Normal current steady discharge: Under normal working conditions, the anode aluminum provides cations, which on the one hand form an aluminum ion battery with the cathode in the aluminum ion battery electrolyte and discharge outward; on the other hand, aluminum ions pass through the ion conductor diaphragm 6 and enter the aqueous solution (alkaline electrolyte 11), so that the aluminum ion battery anode 3 and the aluminum air cathode form an aluminum air battery and discharge outward.

[0050] (2) High current and high power discharge: When the work requires high power, the aluminum ion battery (composed of the aluminum ion battery anode 3 and the aluminum ion battery cathode 1) is mainly used to supply power to meet the high power work requirements.

[0051] (3) Internal self-charging: After high-power discharge, during normal discharge or when discharge is stopped, the aluminum-ion battery cathode 1 and the aluminum-air cathode can form a discharge pair (aluminum-air battery) to complete the self-charging process.

[0052] (4) Simple preparation and low cost. The aluminum ion battery and the aluminum air battery are organically combined to form an integrated battery using the ion conductor diaphragm 6. The battery has low cost, can be mass-produced, and is widely used.

[0053] (5) It has high energy density and high power density, overcoming the disadvantage of low power density of aluminum-air batteries.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] The present invention also provides a power supply system, comprising: the aluminum-air-aluminum-ion composite battery described in the above embodiment; Figure 1 As shown, the aluminum ion battery anode 3 and the aluminum ion battery cathode 1 in the aluminum-air aluminum ion composite battery are both connected to a load system 16 including a combined power controller and connecting components; the aluminum-air battery cathode 13 in the aluminum-air aluminum ion composite battery is electrically connected to the aluminum ion battery cathode 1.

[0056] The power supply system of this embodiment is described in detail below by taking an electric car as an example.

[0057] High power and high energy are the most important indicators for measuring the performance of electric vehicle drive power supplies. High power requires the power supply to have large current charging and discharging capabilities, that is, the power density of the power supply is large; while high energy requires the energy density of the drive power supply to be large, which can release more energy under smaller mass. The characteristics of electric vehicle drive power supplies should include the following aspects:

[0058] (1) High specific energy: Specific energy is the primary factor in selecting a driving power source for an electric vehicle. High specific energy will lead to a longer driving range for the electric vehicle. Extended driving range will not only significantly reduce the number of times the electric vehicle needs to be charged, saving the owner time for charging the electric vehicle, but also, for many one-time trips with relatively high requirements, a guaranteed driving range is required. The aluminum-air battery part of this aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery has a high specific energy, which is the first major feature of the composite battery.

[0059] (2) High specific power: Specific power is also an important factor to be considered in the selection of electric vehicle driving power, which directly affects the power performance of electric vehicles. Electric vehicles need energy sources to provide large power when starting, climbing, and accelerating. If the specific power of the driving power is not high, it will directly lead to insufficient torque of the electric vehicle, which will directly affect the power performance during driving. At the same time, it should be considered that long-term high-frequency high-power and high-current charging and discharging will cause great damage to the power supply. The aluminum ion battery part of this aluminum-air aluminum ion composite battery has a high specific power, which is the second major feature of the composite battery.

[0060] (3) Low economic cost: Electric vehicles need to continuously supply electricity to ensure power and driving range, so the economic cost must be controlled on the basis of ensuring quality in terms of battery material selection and manufacturing methods. Economic cost control is also an important factor that must be considered in the development of electric vehicles. The aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery uses metal aluminum as energy, which is widely available and inexpensive; the electrolyte used in the battery is also inexpensive; at the same time, the composite battery shares a metal anode, eliminating the need for wire connection. Low economic cost is the third major feature of the composite battery.

[0061] (4) Long cycle life: Cycle life is also a proposition related to the performance and economic cost of the whole vehicle. A power source with a short cycle life will increase the failure rate of electric vehicles during driving, thereby affecting the driving power of the vehicle. At the same time, a short cycle life means that the power source needs to be replaced more frequently, which brings more additional expenses and invisibly increases the maintenance cost of electric vehicles. The aluminum-air battery and aluminum-ion battery of the composite power source are used alternately and cooperate with each other, and have a long cycle life. This is the fourth major feature of the composite battery.

[0062] (5) Good safety performance: The energy supply source of electric vehicles is the on-board power supply. During the charging and discharging process, lithium-ion batteries may heat up, causing short circuits and fires, or even explosions. If the power supply falls or multiple power supplies collide, it may cause internal short circuits, causing safety hazards. However, the composite power supply electrolyte is an aqueous electrolyte, and the anode is aluminum metal. Good safety performance is the fifth major feature of the composite battery.

[0063] (6) Good recyclability: According to the standard definition of the life of lithium-ion power batteries, when the capacity of the power battery is reduced to four-fifths of its rated capacity, it means the end of the battery life. The development of electric vehicles will inevitably lead to more and more battery waste. From the perspective of environmental protection, it is necessary to ensure that the discarded batteries will not cause environmental pollution as much as possible. From the perspective of recycling, batteries whose capacity has dropped to four-fifths of the rated capacity can be recycled and used in low-power and low-energy occasions. However, the composite battery uses metal aluminum as the anode. After it is consumed, a new anode is replaced. The other parts have a long utilization time. After the metal aluminum is consumed, aluminum hydroxide is produced as a by-product. Aluminum oxide is further processed and electrolyzed in an aluminum electrolytic cell to obtain metal aluminum, which continues to be recycled as a metal anode. This is also the sixth major feature of the composite battery.

[0064] A typical load system usually consists of a power system, a fuselage system, a data transmission device, and a remote control. There are two types of loads: DC drive and AC drive. The power supply system for electric vehicles is as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0065] See also Figure 2 The power supply system includes: an aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery, a current divider, a first DC / DC converter and a combined power supply controller. The current divider includes a DC / AC converter, a second DC / DC converter and a signal communication port. If the load is DC driven, the load is connected to the current output port of the second DC / DC converter in the current divider; if the load is AC driven, the load is connected to the current output port of the DC / AC converter in the current divider. The aluminum-ion battery anode 3 in the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery serves as the anode of the power supply, and the aluminum-ion battery cathode 1 is connected to the aluminum-air battery cathode 13 as the cathode of the power supply. The anode of the power supply and the cathode of the power supply constitute the electrodes of the power supply, and the electrodes of the power supply are respectively connected to the first DC / DC converter, the DC / AC converter in the current divider, and the input and output ends of the second DC / DC converter in the current divider. The combined power supply controller is respectively connected to the signal end of the first DC / DC converter and the signal communication port of the current divider. The total power of the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery is 5000W, the voltage is 30-50V, and the current is 50A. The specific structure of the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery can be found in Example 1 and will not be described in detail here.

[0066] The operation of electric vehicles is taken as an example to illustrate the various requirements of the power supply system, and the working principle of aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite batteries is briefly analyzed.

[0067] For aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite batteries under different working conditions, generally speaking, the operation of electric vehicles can be roughly divided into three stages:

[0068] 1) Constant speed operation. During this process, the power supply system of the electric vehicle should provide low current and long-term stable power; 2) Acceleration operation process. During this process, the power supply system of the electric vehicle should provide high peak power in a short time; 3) Constant speed operation process after the deceleration operation process and the acceleration process. During this process, the power supply system of the electric vehicle may reduce or stop power output.

[0069] According to the different operating conditions in the above different stages, the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery provides electricity in different forms to meet the needs of the car. 1) Discharge at a stable low current. In this process, the composite battery mainly exhibits the combined characteristics of aluminum-air battery discharge and aluminum-ion battery discharge. On the air catalytic electrode (aluminum-air battery cathode 13) of the aluminum-air battery, O2 first obtains electrons from the external circuit, enters the alkaline solution (alkaline electrolyte) from the air electrode, and reacts with aluminum ions in the alkaline electrolyte through the ion conductor diaphragm 6 under the action of the catalyst, releases electrons at the anode end in the external circuit, obtains electrons at the air electrode, forms a loop, and the circuit is turned on; at the same time, the aluminum-ion battery cathode 1 obtains electrons from outside the circuit and adsorbs aluminum ions, also forming a loop. At this time, the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery exhibits: the aluminum-air battery and the aluminum-ion battery discharge at a small current together, and the car travels at a constant speed.

[0070] 2) Discharge with large current to provide high peak power. For this process, the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery mainly presents the characteristics of an aluminum-ion battery. That is, in the external circuit, the electron flow mainly flows from the aluminum anode to the aluminum-ion battery cathode 1. Compared with aluminum-ion batteries, the electrons obtained by the air electrode are almost negligible. Aluminum ions mainly diffuse from the aluminum anode to the aluminum-ion battery cathode 1. That is, during high discharge, aluminum ions play a major role in high power output.

[0071] 3) Discharge after low current and high power output. In a very short period of time, the high current discharge (or high power output) causes the potential of the air catalytic electrode to immediately return to its initial state, while the cathode 1 of the aluminum ion battery still maintains the potential at the high current end. In other words, in a very short period of time after the high current discharge, there is a potential difference between the air electrode and the cathode 1 of the aluminum ion battery. In this case, the aluminum-air battery charges the aluminum ion battery. At this time, the electron flow around the external circuit can be negligible, such as being in a resting state. The electrons in the circuit go from the cathode 1 of the aluminum ion battery to the air catalytic electrode. O2 in the air reacts with the electrons and is reduced to OH by the catalyst; at the same time, desorption of aluminum ions occurs on the surface of the aluminum ion cathode electrode. Then, the formed aluminum ions go from the electrolyte 4 of the aluminum ion battery to the alkaline electrolyte. The connection between the aluminum anode sheet and the external circuit is interrupted, and the cathode 1 of the original aluminum ion battery releases electrons at this time, and the cathode 13 of the original aluminum air battery absorbs electrons, forming a charge for the aluminum ion battery.

[0072] The working process of the power supply system of this embodiment is introduced below.

[0073] See also Figure 3 , the working process of the power supply system is:

[0074] When the system is working, it first performs initialization operations, and the main program enters a large loop:

[0075] Collect the voltage, current, temperature and other signals of the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery to determine whether the system is working properly. If the system is not working properly, close the program. If all indicators are normal, perform the following operations:

[0076] (1) State of charge (SOC) estimation: The SOC of the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery is estimated by combining the open circuit voltage method and the ampere-hour integration method.

[0077] (2) Obtain the load demand power through communication with the load.

[0078] (3) Energy management: The output power of aluminum-air aluminum-ion batteries is allocated using a fuzzy control energy management algorithm.

[0079] (4) Finally, determine whether the system has received a signal to stop working. If so, the system shuts down the program; otherwise, the loop continues.

[0080] The electric vehicle remote control solution is as follows:

[0081] Send control instructions through the network client to control the operation.

[0082] The parameters of the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery used in this embodiment are shown in Table 1.

[0083] Table 1 Parameters of aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery

[0084]

[0085] The energy control scheme is as follows:

[0086] 1. The aluminum-air battery part and the aluminum-ion battery part of the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery jointly drive the motor. As the main energy source of the system, the aluminum-air battery provides most of the energy during the entire electric load operation phase, while the aluminum-ion battery part provides a small part of the energy. Under normal circumstances, the electric load motor does not require much power to maintain a constant flight speed.

[0087] 2. The aluminum-ion battery part of the aluminum-air aluminum-ion battery drives the load motor alone. When the electric vehicle is climbing or accelerating, the driving motor requires a higher power. The aluminum-ion battery alone provides energy with high current and high power output. In the acceleration climbing stage, the aluminum-ion battery alone provides energy, which can well ensure the power performance of the electric drone car.

[0088] 3. After the aluminum-ion battery partially discharges at high power, the aluminum-air battery charges the aluminum-ion battery. After the high current and high power output, the original cathode of the aluminum-ion battery has a higher potential than the cathode of the aluminum-air battery, forming an aluminum-air battery to charge the aluminum-ion battery.

[0089] 4. Aluminum-air aluminum-ion battery recycles braking energy. When the electric vehicle is in a braking state, the energy generated by braking flows to the dual energy source system. Since the aluminum-air battery part is a non-rechargeable battery, the braking energy is charged to the aluminum-ion battery part through the DC / AC converter in the parallel device. When the energy stored in the aluminum-ion battery is full, the electric vehicle braking energy is no longer recovered.

[0090] When the system is working, first start the combined power controller and perform initialization operations:

[0091] First, the combined power controller collects the voltage and current signals of the aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery to determine whether the system is working properly. If the system is not working properly, close the program. If all indicators are normal, perform the following operations:

[0092] (1) SOC estimation: The SOC of aluminum-air batteries and aluminum-ion batteries is estimated by combining the open circuit voltage method and the ampere-hour integration method.

[0093] (2) Collect the load demand power.

[0094] (3) Energy management: The output power of aluminum-air aluminum-ion batteries is allocated using a fuzzy control energy management algorithm.

[0095] (4) Control the partial working status of the aluminum-air battery through a combined power controller.

[0096] (5) Control the working state of the aluminum ion battery part according to the converter signal of the combined power supply controller.

[0097] (6) Finally, determine whether the system has received a signal to stop working. If so, the system closes the program; otherwise, it continues to work.

[0098] The control method is fuzzy control, and the fuzzy control rules are:

[0099] 1) The combined power controller tracks the load demand power in real time.

[0100] 2) The aluminum-air battery part serves as the main energy source and is always in a power supply state during the working process. When the load demand power is greater than the rated power of the aluminum-air battery part, the aluminum-air battery part outputs at the rated power.

[0101] 3) When the state of charge (SOC) of the aluminum-air battery part is not less than 20%, the aluminum-air battery part outputs power normally. When the remaining SOC of the aluminum-air battery part is less than 20% of the set value, the aluminum-air battery part stops working.

[0102] 4) Taking full advantage of the instantaneous high power output characteristic of the aluminum-ion battery part, when the load demand power is less than the rated power of the aluminum-air battery part, the aluminum-air battery part charges the aluminum-ion battery with a small current, so that the SOC of the aluminum-ion battery part is maintained at a high level of more than 80%.

[0103] 5) When the load is in a light load or braking state, the load power demand is very small or negative. At this time, the motor of the electric load plays a role in generating electricity, and energy can be recovered to the composite drive power system. Since the aluminum-air battery part of the composite drive power cannot recover energy, the aluminum-ion battery part recovers energy if the remaining power is not full. If the remaining power of the aluminum-ion battery part is full, energy will no longer be recovered.

[0104] 6) When the electric vehicle is in a non-braking operation state, the load power demand is positive. At this time, it is necessary to analyze the size of the positive value of the power demand. If the power demand is small, it means that the load is in a stable or low-speed operation state. When the state of charge SOC of the aluminum-air battery is not less than 20%, the aluminum-air battery part supplies a relatively stable and continuous small power. If the power of the aluminum-air battery part accounts for a large proportion (60%) in the combined battery, at this time, even if the state of charge SOC of the aluminum-air battery part is less than 20%, it may not be possible to ensure the state of continuous energy output. At the same time, the state of charge SOC of the aluminum-ion battery part Ion If the load power requirement is not small (greater than 20%), the aluminum-ion battery part will provide energy together with the aluminum-air battery part under such small power demand. If the load power requirement is large, the load is in the starting, acceleration, or climbing stage. Under normal circumstances, the aluminum-air battery part provides the average power, and the aluminum-ion battery part provides the peak power. The power provided by the aluminum-ion battery part is much greater than the power provided by the aluminum-air battery part. However, if the remaining power of the aluminum-ion battery part or the aluminum-air battery part is low, the load is braked. If the state of charge SOC of the aluminum-ion battery part is less than 20%, the aluminum-air battery part mainly provides power.

[0105] When the load power of the aluminum-air battery part is less than its rated output power, the aluminum-ion battery part is charged; when the load power demand is large, the aluminum-ion battery part is stopped from being charged, and the aluminum-air battery part and the aluminum-ion battery part output power to the load through the parallel current device. The parallel current device has the functions of multi-terminal input and current distribution, and can control the output power of the aluminum-air battery and the aluminum-ion battery in real time according to the energy management strategy to meet the power demand of the load. The parallel current model can control the output power of the aluminum-air battery part and the aluminum-ion battery part in real time through the parallel current device, and realize the safe current charging of the aluminum-air battery part to the aluminum-ion battery part through the battery converter, which has a good protection effect on the aluminum-ion battery part.

[0106] Using aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite batteries in power supply systems has the following advantages:

[0107] The energy density of aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery is 1000wh / kg~1200wh / kg, and the specific power density is 500w / kg~1500w / kg.

[0108] The aluminum-ion battery part is an ion battery with metal aluminum as the negative electrode. The aluminum-ion battery part can provide a higher power density than the aluminum-air battery part, and at the same time can provide an energy density similar to that of the lithium-ion battery. Compared with the currently used lithium-ion batteries, it can provide a larger power density and a faster charging speed.

[0109] Although the aluminum-air battery can provide a higher specific energy, which can play a great role in extending the working time of the load, the aluminum-air battery cannot provide a large peak power due to its low power density. As the only energy source for the electric load, the aluminum-air battery cannot meet the peak power of the electric load under conditions such as starting, accelerating, and climbing. At the same time, due to the particularity of the aluminum-air battery's power generation method, it does not have a charging function, so a power source is also needed as an auxiliary to the aluminum-air battery for the requirement of braking energy recovery. Aluminum-ion batteries have the characteristics of large instantaneous discharge current, long cycle life, short charging time, and high specific power, which can effectively make up for the shortcomings of aluminum-air power batteries with low energy density and non-rechargeability. Aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite batteries can not only extend the endurance of electric loads, but also meet the power performance of the entire load, and can also improve the efficiency of energy recovery, and the production cost is low.

[0110] Aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite batteries with high energy density and high power can satisfy both the energy and power requirements of electric loads. For the energy distribution of composite drive power sources, the basic distribution principle is: the aluminum-air battery with high specific energy provides energy in most of the smooth and stable working conditions with low power, while the aluminum-ion battery with high specific power provides peak power in relatively few fluctuating working conditions and in stages with frequent speed changes. Therefore, aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite batteries can guarantee both working time and peak power throughout the entire process.

[0111] The power supply system of this embodiment, in view of the higher technical requirements for power density and energy density of electric energy sources put forward by DC loads (robots, electric drones, etc.) and AC loads (electric vehicles, electric ships, etc.), solves the problem that a single power source cannot well meet the energy and power requirements at the same time. With aluminum-air batteries with high theoretical energy density and aluminum-ion batteries with high power density as the background, aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite batteries are used as driving power sources, with specific energy not less than 500Wh / kg and pulse specific power not less than 500W / kg. This power supply system can provide both high energy and high power, and is low-cost.

[0112] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0113] The principles and implementation methods of the present invention are described in this article using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. An aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery, characterized in that: include: Battery body, aluminum ion battery anode, aluminum ion battery cathode, aluminum air battery cathode and ion conductor diaphragm; A cavity is provided inside the battery body; a first groove and a second groove which are not connected to each other are provided on the side wall of the cavity; the ion conductor diaphragm is located between the first groove and the cavity, and the ion conductor diaphragm separates the first groove from the cavity; the aluminum ion battery anode and the aluminum ion battery cathode are both arranged in the first groove, and the first groove is filled with aluminum ion battery electrolyte; the cavity is filled with alkaline electrolyte; the aluminum-air battery cathode is located between the second groove and the cavity, and the aluminum-air battery cathode separates the second groove from the cavity; air is introduced into the second groove; The ion conductor diaphragm is modified montmorillonite; the preparation method of modified montmorillonite is as follows: 100 mL of 0.4 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added dropwise to 230 mL of 0.4 mol / L aluminum chloride aqueous solution while stirring, and then kept at room temperature for 12 h, and then vacuum concentrated to 100 mL at 60° C. to obtain a polymerized inorganic aluminum ion aqueous solution; 30 mL of polymerized inorganic aluminum ion aqueous solution was added to 3 g of sodium montmorillonite and ultrasonicated for 30 min. After stirring at room temperature for 1 day, aluminum ions were adsorbed between the layers and on the surface of the montmorillonite. The precipitate and the supernatant were separated by centrifugation. This operation was repeated 4 times. The product was separated by suction filtration using a Buchner funnel. After the montmorillonite was separated from the solution, there were still many chloride ions attached to the surface of the particles. The montmorillonite needed to be cleaned. Therefore, the filtered montmorillonite was repeatedly rinsed with distilled water until it was free of chloride ions. It was dried at 100°C and then ground. It was then placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 350°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min for 2h. It was then ball-milled at 30Hz for 4h and dried at 80°C to obtain a preliminary modified montmorillonite. The preliminary modified montmorillonite is compacted into a plate with a thickness of 1 to 3 mm, which is the final modified montmorillonite. The modified montmorillonite is used as an aluminum ion solid conductor.

2. The aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included: an anode diaphragm; The anode separator surrounds the anode of the aluminum ion battery; the anode separator separates the anode of the aluminum ion battery from the cathode of the aluminum ion battery.

3. The aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: An oxygen permeable membrane is arranged on the side of the aluminum-air battery cathode close to the second groove; and a catalyst layer is arranged on the side of the aluminum-air battery cathode close to the cavity.

4. The aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Alkaline electrolyte container; The alkaline electrolyte container is arranged on the inner wall of the cavity; The alkaline electrolyte container, the ion conductor separator and the aluminum-air battery cathode form a storage space for storing the alkaline electrolyte.

5. The aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aluminum ion battery electrolyte is a 1 mol / L AlCl3 aqueous solution.

6. The aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery according to claim 3, characterized in that: The catalyst on the catalyst layer is nano α-MnO2.

7. The aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery body is provided with a liquid filling hole, an air inlet hole and an air outlet hole; The liquid adding hole is communicated with the cavity; the air inlet hole and the air outlet hole are both communicated with the second groove.

8. The aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also includes: Rubber pads; The alkaline electrolyte container is attached to the inner wall of the cavity through the rubber pad.

9. A power supply system, characterized in that: include: The aluminum-air aluminum-ion composite battery according to any one of claims 1 to 8; The aluminum ion battery anode and the aluminum ion battery cathode in the aluminum-air-aluminum ion composite battery are both connected to a load; the aluminum-air battery cathode in the aluminum-air-aluminum ion composite battery is electrically connected to the aluminum ion battery cathode.

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