Feed additive for preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promoters, and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a feed additive for preventing African swine fever and other similar pig diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promoters, including the following components: 5-50 parts of organic trace elements, 5-45 parts of plant extracts, 5-38 parts of plant essential oils and 10-60 parts of plant materials. The feed additive has certain antiviral and antiviral replication effects, effectively resists and reduces the invasion and damage of external bacteria and viruses, especially can defend and reduce ASFV virus infection, and can also replace antibiotic growth promoters. The preparation method of the feed additive is simple to operate, low cost and short production cycle. The present invention also discloses the application of the feed additive for preparing poultry and livestock feed, using a feed additive with a dosage of 1.0-10.0kg / T, African swine fever can be prevented; using a feed additive with a dosage of 0.3-0.5kg / T, antibiotics can be replaced to improve the immunity of animals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of feed additives, and in particular relates to a feed additive for preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promoters, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic, and highly contagious disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) infecting domestic pigs and various wild boars (such as African wild boars and European wild boars). The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) has listed it as a notifiable animal disease, and it is also a type of animal epidemic that my country focuses on preventing. It is characterized by a short course of disease, with the most acute and acute infection mortality rate as high as 100%. The clinical manifestations are fever (up to 40-42°C), rapid heartbeat, difficulty breathing, some coughing, serous or mucopurulent secretions in the eyes and nose, cyanosis of the skin, and obvious bleeding in the lymph nodes, kidneys, and gastrointestinal mucosa. The clinical symptoms of African swine fever are similar to those of swine fever, and can only be confirmed by laboratory monitoring.

[0003] Since ASFV was introduced to China in 2018, it has exploded in southern China, with a high speed and hit rate that is rare. Clearing out suspected sick pigs is like pulling out teeth to prevent healthy pigs from being infected. The industry calls it "pig herd tooth extraction." However, after a pig farm is infected, it is usually cleared out in about a week to half a month, making it difficult to achieve "tooth extraction" production.

[0004] Antibiotic growth promoters refer to antibiotic additives used for non-therapeutic purposes in animal husbandry. Most antibiotic growth promoters can eliminate intestinal microorganisms in animals and promote the absorption of nutrients in feed by the animal body. However, long-term addition of antibiotic growth promoters to feed may cause bacteria in animals to develop drug resistance. The European Union completely banned the use of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock feed from January 1, 2006. Canada does not ban the use of antibiotic growth promoters. Currently, several organizations in the United States have proposed to ban antibiotic growth promoters, but they have not yet been implemented. In Brazil, most antibiotics are still allowed to be used, but there are regulations to restrict them. Russia requires a 3-week drug withdrawal period before animals are slaughtered.

[0005] Therefore, it is of great significance in this field to develop an animal feed additive that has a preventive effect on ASFV virus and can replace antibiotics. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies and defects mentioned in the above background technology and provide a feed additive that can prevent African swine fever and other similar pig diseases or replace antibiotic growth promoters, as well as a preparation method and application thereof.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is:

[0008] A feed additive for preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promoters, comprising the following components by mass: 5-50 parts of organic trace elements, 5-45 parts of plant extracts, 5-38 parts of plant essential oils and 10-60 parts of plant materials.

[0009] The feed additive of the present invention is formulated with functional organic trace elements, specific plant extracts and various plant essential oils as main ingredients, has certain antiviral and virus replication inhibition effects, can effectively resist and reduce the invasion and damage of external bacteria and viruses, prevent and reduce ASFV virus infection and the damage caused to pig farms, can significantly reduce influenza viruses, and has a significant improvement effect on preventing avian influenza, herpes simplex virus, myelitis and other diseases.

[0010] The feed additive of the present invention also has a strong reducing ability, which not only inhibits the production of superoxide by monocytes, but also can partially reduce the substances that have an oxidizing effect on animals through its own olefinic bond reduction, and can promote monocytes to participate in the animal immune system in the form of fixed cells and free cells, and after phagocytizing antigens, transfer the antigen-determining groups carried to lymphocytes, induce lymphocyte-specific immune responses, and can effectively improve the immune function, antioxidant capacity, and spectrum antibacterial capacity of animals, and can promote the orderly and healthy metabolism of animals, effectively improve the overall health level of animals, and can replace antibiotics.

[0011] The above-mentioned feed additives, preferably, the organic trace elements include one or more of hydroxymethionine copper, hydroxymethionine iron, hydroxymethionine zinc, hydroxymethionine manganese, hydroxymethionine chromium, hydroxymethionine copper, methionine iron, methionine zinc, methionine manganese, methionine chromium, glycinate copper, glycinate iron, glycinate zinc, glycinate manganese, glycinate chromium, threonine copper, threonine iron, threonine zinc, threonine manganese, threonine chromium, tryptophan zinc, tryptophan copper, tryptophan ferrous, tryptophan manganese, complex amino acid copper, complex amino acid iron, complex amino acid zinc, complex amino acid manganese and complex amino acid chromium.

[0012] The above functional organic trace elements have the following effects: 1) They can transport Zn, Mn and Cu from various tissues and organs, combine with the active center of bacterial protein, inactivate pathogenic bacteria, protect tissue cells, and enhance antibacterial effect; 2) They can strengthen the tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells, reduce cell membrane permeability, and thus promote intestinal epithelial cells to release some signal molecules that have an important regulatory effect on the initial inflammatory response of the entire intestinal immune system, strengthen the immune defense ability of the intestinal mucosa, and serve as immune auxiliary factors and immune enhancers to improve the immune function of the animal body; 3) They can promote the formation of MT in animals, eliminate free radicals in the body, are components of Cu-Zn SOD, can increase SOD activity, remove hydroxyl free radicals, superoxide anions, etc., and can also antagonize with redox-active transition metals, inhibit the catalytic activity of copper, iron, etc., and inhibit H 2 O 2 It can form free radicals with oxygen, slowing down the oxidation process in the body; 4) Zinc can also participate in the complement reaction. An appropriate amount of zinc can promote the cascade amplification of complement, assisting and strengthening the defense capabilities and functions of phagocytes and antibodies.

[0013] Preferably, the plant extract includes one or more of ginkgo leaf extract, honeysuckle extract, isatis root extract, astragalus extract, licorice extract, forsythia extract, calamus extract, dandelion extract, patchouli extract, anemarrhena extract, curcuma extract, rehmannia root extract, callicarpa nudiflora extract and reed root extract.

[0014] The biologically active ingredients of the above-mentioned plant extracts containing traditional Chinese medicine ingredients have antimicrobial activity, immune enhancement activity, and antioxidant activity, and can inhibit bacteria, resist bacteria, reduce inflammation, reduce swelling, prevent cell oxidation, and improve meat quality.

[0015] Preferably, the plant essential oil includes one or more of oregano oil, chili oil, tea tree oil, clove essential oil, bergamot oil, cinnamon essential oil, peppermint oil and star anise oil.

[0016] The above-mentioned plant essential oils are generally added to feed as flavoring attractants, and they are rarely studied as substitutes for antibiotics. Our research found that plant essential oils such as star anise oil and chili oil have significant antibacterial effects, especially feeds added with plant essential oils have significant effects in preventing African swine fever and other similar pig diseases. They can replace antibiotics and have bactericidal and antibacterial effects, hemostasis, swelling, blood circulation and stasis removal, and can improve the adverse symptoms of pigs as soon as possible. In combination with other ingredients, it can better alleviate and improve the adverse symptoms of sick pigs or pigs in sub-healthy conditions.

[0017] The above-mentioned plant essential oils, whose main components are unsaturated lipids, terpenes and other aromatic substances, have the characteristics of a broad antibacterial spectrum (various bacteria, fungi, etc.) and strong antibacterial activity; the sterilization characteristic of plant essential oils is that they exert a bactericidal effect in the form of a membrane disruptor, and exert their effect by increasing the permeability of the liposome system that causes lysis and the loss of membrane integrity, and ultimately leading to bacterial death due to ion leakage and inhibited respiration; in addition, the reducing terpenoid compounds they contain are natural antioxidants with strong reducing properties, and through their own oxidation, they inhibit the production of cytokines by macrophages, prevent oxygen molecules from being converted into superoxides, aggravate tissue damage, and can interfere with viral uncoating to cause viral death.

[0018] Preferably, the plant material comprises one or more of alfalfa meal, corn cob meal, rice husk meal, bean straw meal, defatted rice bran, peanut shell meal, activated carbon and non-activated carbon.

[0019] The above-mentioned plant materials have a strong adsorption effect on viruses, and can bind and adsorb pathogenic biological toxins in the intestines to the greatest extent, reduce the toxins that destroy the links between cells, reduce the mortality rate of intestinal epithelial cells, prevent the collapse of the immune barrier and the entry of toxins into the animal's circulatory system, causing inflammatory chain reactions and organ function restrictions, improve the digestion and absorption of nutrients, thereby preventing the spread of viruses and improving animal survival rates.

[0020] Preferably, the above feed additive further comprises 1-10 parts by weight of a fermentation extract; the fermentation extract comprises a fermented wheat germ extract and / or a brewer's yeast extract.

[0021] Wheat germ contains essential vitamins, important macro- and trace elements, essential fatty acids and fatty alcohols. Fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE) has immunomodulatory, antioxidant and growth-promoting properties. Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract can effectively improve the balance of digestive flora in livestock and poultry, enhance the body's immunity, and provide rich nutrients, thereby achieving multiple effects such as preventing and treating digestive tract diseases and promoting growth. It has the characteristics of being non-toxic, non-side-effect, non-polluting, and non-resistant.

[0022] Based on a general inventive concept, the present invention also provides two methods for preparing the above-mentioned feed additives. The first method comprises the following steps:

[0023] (1) Wash and dry the plant material, put it into a dryer for drying, then put it into a grinder for grinding, pass it through a 10-200 mesh sieve, and mix it evenly to obtain a small package 1 for later use;

[0024] (2) mixing the plant extract and packet 1 evenly to obtain packet 2 for later use;

[0025] (3) adding plant essential oil to packet 2 and mixing to obtain packet 3 for standby use;

[0026] (4) After the organic trace elements and the small package 3 are evenly mixed, the product is obtained.

[0027] In the above preparation method, the organic trace elements contain divalent iron, which may be oxidized to trivalent iron after long-term exposure to humid air. Plant extracts have a large water content. When the organic trace elements are directly mixed with the plant extracts, they are easily oxidized and deteriorated and the color turns red after long-term exposure to humid air. Therefore, direct mixing of the two should be avoided.

[0028] The treated plant material packet 1 is fluffy, light in specific gravity, easy to raise dust, has a porous structure, a large specific surface area, and a strong adsorption capacity. The plant extract is in a paste-like state, relatively viscous, not easy to be broken up, has a high specific gravity, and is difficult to mix evenly. Premixing the plant material packet 1 with the plant extract can neutralize the above-mentioned shortcomings of the two, which is beneficial to the next step of mixing.

[0029] For components that are not easy to mix evenly, multi-stage mixing can achieve better mixing uniformity.

[0030] The second preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0031] (1) Wash and dry the plant material, put it into a dryer for drying, then put it into a grinder for grinding, pass it through a 10-200 mesh sieve, and mix it evenly to obtain a small package 1 for later use;

[0032] (2) After uniformly mixing the small package 1 and the organic trace elements, a small package 2 is obtained for standby use;

[0033] (3) after the plant extract and the plant essential oil are uniformly mixed, a small bag 3 is obtained for standby use;

[0034] (4) After mixing small package 2 and small package 3 evenly, the product is obtained.

[0035] In the above preparation method, the plant material packet 1 after treatment is fluffy, light in specific gravity, easy to raise dust, has a porous structure, a large specific surface area, and a strong adsorption capacity. However, the organic trace elements contain divalent iron, which is exposed to humid air for a long time, and there is still a possibility that the divalent iron is oxidized to trivalent iron after deliquescence. The packet 1 is pre-mixed with the organic trace elements to neutralize the shortcomings of the above two, which can avoid dust and material stratification in subsequent mixing, and is conducive to the next step of mixing.

[0036] Plant extracts are in the form of pastes, which are viscous and difficult to break up. They have a high specific gravity and are difficult to mix evenly. Plant essential oils are liquid and volatile. After being pre-mixed with plant extracts, they can dilute the viscosity of the plant extracts, which is beneficial for the next step of mixing.

[0037] In addition, organic trace elements can not be directly mixed with plant extracts, which is one of the reasons why the present invention adopts step-by-step mixing. Because organic trace elements contain ferrous iron, they are exposed to moist air for a long time, and there is still the possibility that ferrous iron is oxidized to ferric iron after deliquescence. After directly mixing organic trace elements with other components, they are easily oxidized and deteriorated in moist air for a long time, and the color turns red. Plant extracts have a large water content and complex ingredients, and are easy to be oxidized to ferric iron by the ferrous iron in the organic trace elements.

[0038] In the above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, the mixing time of step (1), step (2), step (3) and step (4) is 150-300s.

[0039] Preferably, in step (4), after the small package 2 and the small package 3 are evenly mixed, the fermentation extract is added and mixed for 300-500 seconds to obtain the product.

[0040] Based on a general inventive concept, the present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned feed additive, which is used to prepare pig feed that can prevent African swine fever and other similar pig diseases or to prepare poultry and livestock feed that can replace antibiotic growth promoters.

[0041] In the above application, preferably, the other similar swine diseases include classical swine fever, blue ear disease, pseudorabies or epidemic diarrhea. Specifically, since the feed additive of the present invention contains organic trace elements, essential oils, plant extracts and plant materials; the organic trace elements and essential oil components therein, on the one hand, can improve the immune function of the thymus, spleen and lymphocytes, prompting the body to have an immune response to kill viruses; on the other hand, it can also improve the antioxidant capacity of the animal body, remove a large number of oxygen free radicals caused by the virus to produce the body, thereby protecting the organs from damage, and ultimately achieving an antiviral effect. In addition, the plant materials and plant extract components contained in the feed additive of the present invention can synergize with other ingredients to alleviate the diarrhea problem caused by the virus damaging the intestinal function of the animal body. This may be achieved by promoting the renewal of intestinal villi and repairing the intestinal barrier, reducing the permeability of the intestine, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing diarrhea.

[0042] Preferably, when the feed additive is used to prepare pig feed that can prevent African swine fever, the amount of the feed additive added to each ton of sow feed is 1-10 kg, the amount added to each ton of weaned piglet feed is 1-8 kg, and the amount added to each ton of growing and fattening pig feed is 1-10 kg.

[0043] Preferably, when the feed additive is used to prepare livestock feed that can replace antibiotic growth promoters, the amount of the feed additive added to each ton of livestock feed is 0.3-0.5 kg.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] 1. The feed additive of the present invention is formulated with functional organic trace elements, specific plant extracts and various plant essential oils as main ingredients, has certain antiviral and virus replication inhibition effects, effectively resists and reduces the invasion and damage of external bacteria and viruses, prevents and reduces ASFV virus infection and the damage caused to pig farms, can significantly reduce influenza viruses, and has a significant improvement effect on preventing avian influenza, herpes simplex virus, myelitis and other diseases.

[0046] 2. The feed additive of the present invention has a strong reducing ability, which not only inhibits the production of superoxide by monocytes, but also can partially reduce the substances that have an oxidizing effect on animals through its own olefinic bond reduction, and can promote monocytes to participate in the animal immune system in the form of fixed cells and free cells. After phagocytizing antigens, the carried antigenic determinant groups are transferred to lymphocytes, inducing lymphocyte-specific immune responses, which can effectively improve the immune function, antioxidant capacity, and spectrum antibacterial capacity of animals, and can promote the orderly and healthy metabolism of animals, effectively improve the overall health level of animals, and can replace antibiotic growth promoters.

[0047] 3. The functional organic trace elements contained in the feed additive of the present invention have the function of enhancing antibacterial effect, improving the immune function of the animal body, promoting the formation of MT in the animal body, and playing a role in assisting and strengthening the defense capabilities and functions of phagocytes and antibodies.

[0048] 4. The specific plant materials contained in the feed additive of the present invention have a strong adsorption effect on viruses, can bind and adsorb pathogenic biological toxins in the intestine to the greatest extent, reduce the toxins that damage the links between cells, reduce the mortality rate of intestinal epithelial cells, prevent the collapse of the immune barrier and the inflammatory chain reaction and organ function restriction caused by the entry of toxins into the animal's circulatory system, improve the digestion and absorption of nutrients, thereby preventing the spread and diffusion of viruses and improving the survival rate of animals.

[0049] 5. The plant essential oil contained in the feed additive of the present invention is mainly composed of aromatic substances such as unsaturated lipids and terpenes, which have the characteristics of broad antibacterial spectrum (various bacteria, fungi, etc.) and strong antibacterial activity; the reducing terpenoid compounds contained therein are natural antioxidants with strong reducing properties. Through their own oxidation, they inhibit the production of cytokines by macrophages, prevent oxygen molecules from being converted into superoxides, aggravate tissue damage, and interfere with virus uncoating to cause virus death.

[0050] 6. The fermented extract added to the feed additive of the present invention can promote animal growth, enhance the body's immunity, provide rich nutrients, and has no toxic side effects.

[0051] 7. The feed additive of the present invention is used for preparing poultry and livestock feed. The use of a large dose of 1-10.0 kg / T of the feed additive can prevent African swine fever and other similar swine diseases. After feeding for 15 days, the ability of the pig herd to resist ASFV is improved, the incidence of the pig herd is reduced, and it is convenient to take measures to "extract teeth" and remove sick pigs on the farm; after the entire herd of pigs infected with African swine fever was fed with the feed additive of the present invention for 30 days, the mortality rate due to infection with African swine fever was significantly reduced, and the number of healthy pigs in the entire pig farm reached about 70% of the number before the onset of the disease.

[0052] 8. The feed additive of the present invention is used for preparing poultry and livestock feed. A small dose of 0.3-0.5 kg / T of the feed additive can replace antibiotics, and then dissolve pathogens through the combination of single cells and antigens, thereby playing an anti-infection role, neutralizing viral toxins, and improving animal immunity.

[0053] 9. The preparation method of the present invention is simple to operate, low in cost, short in production cycle, and suitable for mass production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0055] Figure 1-Figure 4 This is the anatomical diagram of a sick pig that died in the nursery in Application Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively and meticulously below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

[0057] Unless otherwise defined, all professional terms used below have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. The professional terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Unless otherwise specified, various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the present invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0059] Embodiment 1:

[0060] A feed additive for preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promoters, wherein the components and mass proportions are: 5 parts of hydroxymethionine copper, 6 parts of hydroxymethionine zinc, 23 parts of hydroxymethionine ferrous iron, 6 parts of hydroxymethionine manganese, 2 parts of honeysuckle extract, 3 parts of dandelion extract, 28 parts of star anise oil, and 27 parts of activated carbon.

[0061] The preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following specific steps:

[0062] (1) Wash and dry the plant material (activated carbon), put it into a dryer for drying, then put it into a grinder for grinding, pass it through a 10-200 mesh sieve, and mix it for 150 seconds to obtain a small package 1 for use;

[0063] (2) mixing the plant extract (honeysuckle extract) and packet 1 for 150 seconds to obtain packet 2 for later use;

[0064] (3) adding plant essential oil (star anise oil) to packet 2 and mixing for 150 seconds to obtain packet 3 for standby use;

[0065] (4) Mixing the organic trace elements (hydroxymethionine copper, hydroxymethionine zinc, hydroxymethionine ferrous iron, and hydroxymethionine manganese) and packet 3 for 150 seconds to obtain a semi-finished product;

[0066] (5) The semi-finished products are packed into small vacuum packaging bags according to a certain amount, and then put into large packaging bags according to a certain number of small packages.

[0067] Embodiment 2:

[0068] A feed additive for preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promoters, the components and mass proportions of which are: 1 part of copper glycinate, 5 parts of zinc methionine, 18 parts of ferrous glycinate, 10 parts of hydroxymethionine manganese, 2 parts of ginkgo leaf extract, 3 parts of isatis root extract, 2 parts of forsythia extract, 5 parts of tea tree oil, 2 parts of peppermint oil, 25 parts of star anise oil, and 27 parts of rice husk powder.

[0069] The preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following specific steps:

[0070] (1) washing and drying the plant material (rice husk powder), drying it in a dryer, and then grinding it in a grinder, passing it through a 10-200 mesh sieve, and mixing it for 300 seconds to obtain a small package 1 for later use;

[0071] (2) Mixing packet 1 with organic trace elements (copper glycinate, zinc methionine, ferrous glycinate, and manganese hydroxymethionine) for 300 seconds to obtain packet 2 for later use;

[0072] (3) mixing the plant extracts (gingko leaf extract, isatis root extract, forsythia extract) and the plant essential oils (tea tree oil, peppermint oil, star anise oil) for 300 seconds to obtain a small package 3 for standby use;

[0073] (4) After mixing small package 2 and small package 3 evenly for 300 seconds, a semi-finished product is obtained;

[0074] (5) The semi-finished products are packed into small vacuum packaging bags according to a certain amount, and then put into large packaging bags according to a certain number of small packages.

[0075] Embodiment 3:

[0076] A feed additive for preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promoters, wherein the components and mass proportions are: 4 parts of complex amino acid copper, 5 parts of complex amino acid zinc, 20 parts of ferrous threonate, 5 parts of manganese glycine, 1 part of astragalus extract, 2 parts of patchouli extract, 2 parts of reed root extract, 35 parts of star anise oil, 2 parts of chili oil, 1 part of bergamot oil, 19 parts of corn cob powder, 3 parts of fermented wheat germ extract, and 1 part of brewer's yeast extract.

[0077] The preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following specific steps:

[0078] (1) washing and drying the plant material (corn cob powder), drying it in a dryer, and then grinding it in a grinder, passing it through a 10-200 mesh sieve, and mixing it for 200 seconds to obtain a small package 1 for later use;

[0079] (2) Mixing packet 1 with organic trace elements (complex amino acid copper, complex amino acid zinc, threonine ferrous iron, glycine manganese) for 180 seconds to obtain packet 2 for standby use;

[0080] (3) mixing the plant extracts (astragalus extract, patchouli extract, and reed root extract) and the plant essential oils (star anise oil, chili oil, and bergamot oil) for 210 seconds to obtain packet 3 for later use;

[0081] (4) After mixing packet 2 and packet 3 for 210 seconds, adding fermented wheat germ extract and brewer's yeast extract, and mixing evenly, a semi-finished product is obtained;

[0082] (5) The semi-finished products are packed into small vacuum packaging bags according to a certain amount, and then put into large packaging bags according to a certain number of small packages.

[0083] Application Example 1:

[0084] Test materials: the product obtained in Example 1, 50 strains of different types of bacteria.

[0085] Detection method:

[0086] 1. Activation of bacteria

[0087] 20 μL of each pathogen was taken and inoculated into 1 ml of sterile TSB medium, and cultured at an appropriate temperature and 180 rpm for 18 h.

[0088] 2. Product spot cracking verification

[0089] 500 μL of activated fresh bacterial liquid was respectively taken into a sterile test tube, 5-8 ml of TSB semi-solid culture medium not higher than 45° C. was added, and after mixing, they were poured onto TSA plates respectively. After the culture medium solidified, 5 μL of the feed additive product (dissolved) sample prepared in Example 1 of the present invention was respectively taken and dropped on the center of the plate. The plate was left open for 10 minutes, and after air drying, it was inverted at a suitable temperature and cultured for 24 hours.

[0090] 3. Test results (as shown in Table 1)

[0091] Table 1: Bactericidal results of feed additives prepared in Example 1

[0092]

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] Note: +++: indicates that the cell can be cleaved, and the cleavage spots are clear; ++: indicates that the cell can be cleaved, and the cleavage spots are slightly blurred; +: indicates that the cell can be cleaved, and the cleavage spots are blurred; -: indicates that the cell cannot be cleaved.

[0096] As can be seen from Table 1, the products prepared by the invention have good antibacterial and bactericidal effects on the main harmful pathogenic microorganisms in livestock and poultry and aquaculture, thereby reducing the morbidity of farmed animals, improving the breeding environment, enhancing the body's immunity and disease resistance, and playing a role in disease prevention and replacing antibiotics.

[0097] Application Example 2:

[0098] In a certain pig farm, the number of pigs on hand before the outbreak of African swine fever was: 58 sows and 125 nursery pigs. The farm sold nursery pigs and did not feed growing and fattening pigs in its own pig farms.

[0099] Because the pig farm has a strict epidemic prevention system, no drugs or nutritional additives were used to prevent African swine fever. On June 15, 2019, two pregnant sows in Building 3 died suddenly. At the same time, several pigs in the pen had a high fever and their feed intake dropped sharply. The person in charge suspected that they were infected with African swine fever. The distribution of pigs in the pig farm is shown in Table 2.

[0100] Table 2: Distribution of pigs in pig farms

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] The feed additive product prepared in Example 1 of the present invention was used starting from June 18, 2019, with an addition amount of 1.0 kg / T. The dynamic situation of the pigs in the whole farm is shown in Table 3:

[0104] Table 3: Pig situation dynamics

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] Note: Since the discovery of African swine fever in the pig farm, pigs are strictly prohibited from entering or leaving the farm. During this period, there were newborn piglets, which were not included in the statistics;

[0108] From the above data, it can be seen that the feed additive product prepared by the present invention was used only after the infected pigs were found, and some susceptible pigs did not express in the early stage, resulting in a high mortality rate in the early stage; after 14 days of using the feed additive product prepared by the present invention, the pigs were stabilized and the survival rate was stabilized at about 70%. The reasons why the feed additive product prepared by the present invention reduces the mortality rate of pigs may be: 1. It affects the shedding of African swine fever virus, resulting in a decrease in the infection rate; 2. It improves the immunity of pigs and reduces the incidence of death.

[0109] Application Example 3:

[0110] In a certain pig farm, the number of pigs on hand before the outbreak of African swine fever was: one boar, 112 sows, 260 nursery pigs, and 865 growing and fattening pigs (some nursery pigs were sold out).

[0111] The pig farm implemented a strict epidemic prevention system and added some Chinese herbal medicines. However, on July 3, 2019, it was discovered that a pregnant sow had a sharp rise in body temperature, a decrease in feed intake, and basically no food. On July 4, 2019, two sows suddenly died in the nursery, and one of them was dissected.

[0112] Anatomy diagram Figure 1-4 As shown in the anatomical diagram, it can be seen that the dead pigs had obvious symptoms of African swine fever.

[0113] Starting from July 6, 2019, 8.0 kg / T of the feed additive product prepared in Example 2 of the present invention was added to nursery pigs, and 10.0 kg / T was added to sows and growing and fattening pigs. The inventory of pigs in each stage after use is shown in Table 4:

[0114] Table 4: Pig inventory at each stage after using the feed additive of the present invention

[0115]

[0116]

[0117] It can be seen from the test data that with the use of the feed additive product prepared by the present invention, the health of pigs at all stages of the farm has stabilized, especially after about 14 days of use, the mortality rate of pigs has been significantly reduced. From the perspective of pig mortality at different stages, the survival rate of sows and nursery pigs is low, only about 50%, while the survival rate of growing and fattening pigs is about 78%. The possible reason is that pregnant, lactating sows and newly weaned piglets have low immunity and low survival rate.

[0118] Application Example 4:

[0119] An application example of using the feed additive product obtained in Example 3 to replace antibiotic growth promoters in weaned piglets.

[0120] 1. Experimental Design

[0121] 108 weaned piglets of similar weight at 25 days of age were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, each with 6 replicates and 6 pigs in each replicate; Group 1 was a negative control, fed with a basic diet without antibiotics, Group 2 was a control group, fed with a basic diet with 300 mg / kg oxytetracycline calcium (calculated as oxytetracycline calcium), 75 mg / kg chlortetracycline (calculated as chlortetracycline), and 20 mg / kg enramycin (calculated as enramycin) three antibiotics added, Groups 3-4 were experimental groups, fed with a basic diet with 0.3 kg / T and 0.5 kg / T of the feed additive product prepared by the present invention to replace the above three antibiotics, and the experimental diet formula was designed according to the NRC2012 nutritional standard, and the nutritional levels of each treatment group were consistent with the control group except that the dosage of the feed additive product prepared by the present invention was inconsistent. The test period was 28 days, during which the initial temperature in the house was 26°C, then decreased by 1°C every 7 days, and the relative humidity of the air was maintained at 65%-75%. The experimental piglets were raised in pens of 1.2×2m 2 The pen has slatted plastic-sprayed floors, stainless steel adjustable feed troughs, and nipple-type drinkers. Powder feeding, free access to food and water.

[0122] 2. Detection indicators

[0123] During the test, the feed intake of each replicate was recorded, and the weight of each replicate was weighed at the beginning and end of the test. Two piglets were slaughtered for each replicate, and the intestinal tract at the end of the ileum was scored. The intestinal integrity was scored as 4 points, and the severe intestinal inflammation was scored as 1 point, with a total of 4 levels. The number of piglets that died in each replicate during the test was recorded. The test results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0124] Table 5: Effects of different antibiotics and the products prepared by the present invention on growth performance and intestinal scores of weaned piglets

[0125]

[0126] As can be seen from the above table, significant differences were detected in the final weight, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, feed-to-weight ratio, intestinal score and mortality rate in each test group. The effect of the product prepared by adding 0.3 kg / T of the present invention was basically equivalent to the effect of adding antibiotics. The effect of the product prepared by adding 0.5 kg / T of the present invention was better than that of the group adding antibiotics and the group adding 0.3 kg / T of the product prepared by the present invention in terms of mortality rate.

[0127] Application Example 5:

[0128] An application example of using the feed additive product obtained in Example 2 to replace antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chickens.

[0129] 1. Experimental Design

[0130] 480 healthy 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers hatched from the same hatchery were selected. The broilers were placed in broiler cages for feeding, free access to food and water throughout the whole process, and immunized according to the conventional immunization procedure. They were randomly divided into 4 groups, 6 replicates in each group, and 20 birds in each replicate. Group 1 was a negative control, feeding a basic diet with anticoccidial drugs added but no growth-promoting antibiotics, Group 2 was a positive control group, feeding a basic diet with enramycin 5 mg / kg (in terms of enramycin), Groups 3-4 were experimental groups, and 0.3kg / T and 0.5kg / T of the feed additive product prepared by the present invention were added on the basis of the basic diet to replace the enramycin in the positive control group, except that the addition amount of enramycin and the feed additive product prepared by the present invention was different, the other factors of each treatment group in the experimental diet were kept consistent, the test period was 42 days, and the feeding management was carried out in accordance with the "AA Broiler Feeding and Management Manual".

[0131] 2. Detection indicators

[0132] The broilers were weighed on the first and 42nd days of the experiment, and the feed intake and mortality of the broilers were recorded. The average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, feed-to-weight ratio, and mortality rate at different stages were calculated. The intestinal tract at the end of the ileum was scored, with 4 points for complete intestine and 1 point for severe intestinal inflammation, for a total of 4 levels. The test results are shown in Table 6.

[0133] Table 6: Effects of different antibiotics and the products prepared by the present invention on growth performance and intestinal scores of white-feathered broilers

[0134] project Negative control group Enramycin group 0.3kg / T 0.5kg / T SEM P-value Number of repetitions 20 20 20 20 Initial test weight, g 54.28 54.31 54.29 54.30 0.84 0.98 Final weight of test, g 2726.29a 2876.62a 2878.76b 2873.86b 50.83 0.03 Daily weight gain, g 63.62 67.20 67.25 67.15 4.39 0.36 Daily feed intake, g 102.43 102.82 101.55 102.07 13.47 0.95 Material weight ratio 1.61a 1.53b 1.51b 1.52b 0.03 0.03 mortality rate,% 3.15a 2.04b 2.01b 2.03b 0.08 0.04 Gut scoring 1.78a 3.01b 3.12b 3.27b 0.06 0.02

[0135] As can be seen from the above table, significant differences were detected in the final weight, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, feed-to-weight ratio, intestinal score and mortality indexes of each test group. The effect of the feed additive product prepared by adding 0.3 kg / T of the present invention is basically equivalent to the effect of adding 5 mg / kg, indicating that there is no significant difference in the effect of the feed additive product prepared by adding 0.5 kg / T and 0.3 kg / T of the present invention.

[0136] It can be seen from Application Example 4 and Application Example 5 that adding 0.3-0.5 kg / T of the feed additive product prepared by the present invention can completely replace the antibiotic growth promoter in weaned piglets and broiler chickens, and adding 0.5 kg / T of the feed additive product prepared by the present invention to weaned pig feed can achieve a better survival rate, and adding 0.3-0.5 kg / T of the feed additive product prepared by the present invention to livestock and poultry feed can completely replace the antibiotic growth promoter.

[0137] Application Example 6:

[0138] In a certain pig farm, before the outbreak of classical swine fever (classic swine fever vaccine had not been administered), there were a total of 800 nursery pigs.

[0139] The pig farm purchased piglets on April 28, 2019. On May 13, 2019, it was found that some pigs showed decreased feed intake, depression and persistent high fever. Testing found that they were infected with classical swine fever virus (CSF).

[0140] On May 16, 2019, 200 nursery pigs were used as a control group and fed with ordinary nursery pig feed, and the remaining 600 were used as a test group (ensuring that each group contained sick pigs). When feeding the test group, the feed additive product prepared in Example 1 of the present invention was added at a standard of 4.0 kg / T. The pig inventory after use is shown in Table 7:

[0141] Table 7: Pig inventory after using the feed additive of the present invention

[0142]

[0143] It can be seen from the test data that with the use of the feed additive product of the present invention, the pigs in the test group stabilized, especially after about 18 days of use, the death rate of pigs was significantly slowed down, and the survival rate in the later period was stabilized at about 70%, while the survival rate of the control group pigs that were not fed with the feed additive product of the present invention continued to decline, and the final pig survival rate was only about half of the test group of the present invention. This shows that the feed additive product of the present invention can effectively reduce the mortality rate of pigs in the pig herd infected with classical swine fever, and the reason may be that the feed additive of the present invention can improve the immunity of pigs, and by increasing the immune ability, the resistance of pigs to viruses is improved, and the incidence is reduced to achieve the effect of preventing viral infection.

[0144] Application Example 7:

[0145] In a certain pig farm, before the outbreak of blue ear disease, the number of pigs on hand was: 9 sows, 1 boar, 45 nursery pigs and 56 growing and fattening pigs.

[0146] On July 28, 2019, the farm found that a pregnant sow had fever and loss of appetite. On July 29, three nursery pigs had cyanotic ears and swollen eyelids. Testing revealed that they were infected with porcine blue ear virus (PRRS).

[0147] On July 31, 2019, 20 nursery pigs and 28 growing and fattening pigs were randomly selected and divided into the control group, and fed with the corresponding nursery pig and fattening pig feeds. The remaining pigs were used as the experimental group (to ensure that each group contained sick pigs), and the feed additive prepared in Example 2 of the present invention was added to the nursery pig feed at a standard of 8.0 kg / T, and the feed additive product of Example 2 of the present invention was added to the remaining pigs at a standard of 4.0 kg / T. The pig inventory after use is shown in Table 8:

[0148] Table 8: Pig inventory at each stage after using the feed additive of the present invention

[0149]

[0150]

[0151] In addition, 6 nursery pigs were randomly selected from the control group and the test group, and blood was collected from the anterior vena cava and antioxidant-related indicators were tested to obtain the average value. The effect of the feed additive of the present invention on the antioxidant capacity of pigs is shown in Table 9.

[0152] Table 9: Effect of the feed additive of the present invention on the antioxidant capacity of pigs

[0153]

[0154] It can be seen from the test data that with the use of the feed additive product of the present invention, the health of the pigs in the test group stabilized. After about 12 days of use, the survival rate stabilized at about 63%, which was nearly 24% higher than that of the control group. In addition, the feed additive of the present invention can also effectively increase the body's SOD and GSH-Px levels and reduce the MDA content (P<0.05). This may be because the pigs' antioxidant capacity is improved after eating the feed additive product containing the invention, which can remove the oxygen free radicals that increase due to viral infection, thereby reducing the damage to the organs, allowing the pigs to safely survive the "baptism" of the virus.

[0155] Application Example 8:

[0156] In a certain pig farm, before the outbreak of pseudorabies, the number of pigs on hand was: 125 sows, 5 boars, 160 suckling piglets, 180 nursery pigs and 504 growing and fattening pigs, a total of 974 pigs.

[0157] On October 9, 2019, the pig farm found that two suckling piglets showed symptoms of high fever, loose stools, vomiting, depression and unstable gait. The temperature of the lactating sows that were suckling the piglets was measured and it was found that they had a low fever, blocking the replication of the virus in the animal's body. Testing revealed that they were infected with pseudorabies virus (PRV).

[0158] The pig farm randomly selected 50 sows, 80 suckling piglets, 80 nursery pigs and 200 growing and fattening pigs, a total of 410 pigs as the control group, and the remaining pigs as the test group (to ensure that each group contains sick pigs). On October 11, 2019, the feed additive product prepared in Example 3 of the present invention was added to the feed of sows, suckling piglets and nursery pigs in the test group according to the standard of 6.0 kg / T, and the feed additive product of Example 3 of the present invention was added to the feed of boars and growing and fattening pigs in the test group according to the standard of 2.0 kg / T. The pig inventory after use is shown in Table 10:

[0159] Table 10: Pig inventory after using the feed additive of the present invention

[0160]

[0161]

[0162] It can be seen from the test data that with the use of the feed additive product prepared by the present invention, the survival rate of the pigs in the test group reached 92.73%, which was about 20% higher than that of the control group. After that, the sows in the test group were able to estrus normally and mate successfully. This further shows that the feed additive prepared by the present invention can have a good preventive effect on the pigs, so that the pigs will not be infected with the disease or can eliminate the damage of the virus to the body through the autoimmune level, thereby improving the survival rate of the pigs.

[0163] Application Example 9:

[0164] In a certain pig farm, before the outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea, the number of pigs on hand was: 36 sows, 1 boar, 41 suckling piglets, and 126 nursery pigs.

[0165] On November 3, 2019, the farm found that three young suckling piglets were suffering from dehydration, vomiting and watery diarrhea. Testing revealed that they were infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).

[0166] The 94 pigs (18 sows, 20 suckling piglets and 56 nursery pigs) in the pig farm were used as the control group, and the remaining 110 pigs were used as the test group (to ensure that each group contained sick pigs). Starting from November 6, 2019, the feed additive product prepared in Example 1 of the present invention was added to the feed of the suckling piglets and nursery pigs in the test group at a standard of 9.0 kg / T, and the feed additive product of Example 1 of the present invention was added to the rest at a standard of 3.0 kg / T. The pig inventory after use is shown in Table 11:

[0167] Table 11: Pig inventory after using the feed additive of the present invention

[0168]

[0169] After the test, 4 suckling piglets were randomly selected from each group, and a total of 8 piglets were slaughtered to obtain jejunal and ileal segments of about 3-10 cm, which were prepared into conventional slices for intestinal morphology observation. The effect of the feed additive product prepared by the present invention on the intestinal morphology of pigs (average value) is shown in Table 12.

[0170] Table 12: Effects of the feed additive prepared by the present invention on the intestinal morphology of pigs

[0171]

[0172]

[0173] It can be seen from the test data that after the feed additive product of the present invention was used for about 11 days, the survival rate of the pigs in the test group stabilized at about 86%, which was about 10% higher than that of the control group. At the same time, the feed additive of the present invention can significantly increase the villus height of the jejunum and ileum and the ratio of the jejunal villus height / crypt depth (P<0.05). This shows that the feed additive product prepared by the present invention may play a good preventive role on the one hand, protecting pigs from PEDV; on the other hand, it may repair the intestinal damage caused by PEDV and repair the intestinal barrier, thereby reducing diarrhea in piglets and restoring health.

[0174] As described above, in the context of formulation component concentrations, the term "about" typically refers to + / - 5% of the stated value, more typically + / - 4% of the stated value, more typically + / - 3% of the stated value, more typically + / - 2% of the stated value, even more typically + / - 1% of the stated value, and even more typically + / - 0.5% of the stated value.

[0175] Throughout this article, certain embodiments may be disclosed in a range format. The description of the range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the disclosed range. Therefore, it should be considered that the description of the range has specifically disclosed all possible subranges and each numerical value within the range. For example, a description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges, such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., and a single number within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.

[0176] Obviously, after reading the above disclosure, various other modifications and adaptations of the present application will be obvious to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and all such modifications and adaptations are within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A feed additive for preventing African swine fever and other similar swine diseases or replacing antibiotic growth promoters, characterized in that: The components include the following by weight: 5-50 parts of organic trace elements, 5-45 parts of plant extracts, 5-38 parts of plant essential oils and 10-60 parts of plant materials; The organic trace elements include one or more of hydroxymethionine copper, hydroxymethionine zinc, hydroxymethionine ferrous, hydroxymethionine manganese, glycinate copper, methionine zinc, glycinate ferrous, composite amino acid copper, composite amino acid zinc, threonine ferrous and glycinate manganese; The plant extracts include one or more of honeysuckle, dandelion, ginkgo leaf, isatis root, forsythia, astragalus, patchouli and reed root extracts; The plant essential oil includes star anise oil; The plant material comprises one or more of alfalfa meal, corn cob meal, rice husk meal, bean straw meal, defatted rice bran, peanut shell meal, activated carbon and non-activated carbon.

2. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The feed additive further comprises 1-10 parts of fermentation extract by weight; the fermentation extract comprises fermented wheat germ extract and / or brewer's yeast extract.

3. A method for preparing a feed additive as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Wash and dry the plant material, put it into a dryer for drying, then put it into a grinder for grinding, pass it through a 10-200 mesh sieve, and mix it evenly to obtain a small package 1 for later use; (2) After the plant extract and the packet 1 are evenly mixed, a packet 2 is obtained for standby use; (3) adding the plant essential oil into the small package 2 and mixing to obtain the small package 3 for standby use; (4) After the organic trace elements and the small package 3 are evenly mixed, the product is obtained.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mixing time of step (1), step (2), step (3) and step (4) is 150-300 seconds.

5. A method for preparing a feed additive as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Wash and dry the plant material, put it into a dryer for drying, then put it into a grinder for grinding, pass it through a 10-200 mesh sieve, and mix it evenly to obtain a small package 1 for later use; (2) After the small package 1 and the organic trace element are evenly mixed, a small package 2 is obtained for standby use; (3) After the plant extract and the plant essential oil are evenly mixed, a small package 3 is obtained for standby use; (4) After the small package 2 and the small package 3 are mixed evenly, the product is obtained.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step (4), after the small package 2 and the small package 3 are evenly mixed, the fermentation extract is added and mixed for 300-500 seconds to obtain the product; the fermentation extract includes fermented wheat germ extract and / or brewer's yeast extract.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The mixing time of step (1), step (2), step (3) and step (4) is 150-300 seconds.

8. Use of the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 2 or the feed additive prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that: The feed additive is used to prepare pig feed that can prevent African swine fever and other similar swine diseases, or to prepare poultry feed that can replace antibiotic growth promoters; the other similar swine diseases include classical swine fever, blue ear disease, pseudorabies or epidemic diarrhea.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the feed additive is used to prepare pig feed that can prevent African swine fever, the amount of the feed additive added to each ton of sow feed is 1-10kg, the amount of the feed additive added to each ton of weaned piglet feed is 1-8kg, and the amount of the feed additive added to each ton of growing and fattening pig feed is 1-10kg; when the feed additive is used to prepare poultry and livestock feed that can replace antibiotic growth promoters, the amount of the feed additive added to each ton of poultry and livestock feed is 0.3-0.5kg.

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