A method and device for selecting equipment for an integrated energy system considering differences

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and device for selecting equipment for an integrated energy system that takes differences into consideration. The method and device take the integrated energy system as the research object, take into account the differences in key parameters of different equipment, and construct a library of equipment to be selected. The number of equipment configurations is taken as a discrete variable, and the hourly output of the equipment is taken as a continuous variable. Combined with relevant constraints, a mixed integer optimization model is built to select the equipment configuration of the integrated energy system under the premise of considering the equipment operation mode. A method and device for selecting equipment for an integrated energy system that takes differences into consideration can more objectively reflect the design capacity and operation mode of actual engineering equipment, and can better reflect the actual needs of the project.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method and a device for selecting equipment of an integrated energy system taking differences into consideration, and belongs to the technical field of integrated energy system planning and optimization. Background Art

[0002] The integrated energy system is the centralized coupling of various energy forms, with electricity as the core energy form. It includes electricity, cold, heat, hot water, natural gas and other energy forms. It involves various energy supply and use forms such as combined heat and cooling, power to gas, cogeneration, gas boilers, etc. It involves the coordinated development of multiple fields such as electricity, energy, economy, statistics, etc. Rational and efficient planning of the integrated energy system and formulation of operation strategies play a key role in the development of the energy industry.

[0003] At present, the research on the optimization planning of integrated energy stations mainly focuses on the optimal configuration of equipment capacity of integrated energy systems based on multi-energy flow coupling and the optimal layout of energy transmission networks. The existing equipment selection of integrated energy system planning schemes is mostly based on the theoretical optimal configuration capacity, which cannot provide an accurate basis for equipment selection. Existing research uses the number of independent equipment sets as the optimization variable, and generally has problems such as relatively single equipment technology types and incomplete equipment selection library, which does not fully consider the differences in engineering equipment in the early stage of capital collection. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and device for selecting equipment for an integrated energy system taking differences into consideration. Taking the integrated energy system as the research object and taking into account the differences in key parameters of different equipment, a library of equipment to be selected is constructed. Taking the equipment configuration quantity as a discrete variable and the equipment hourly output as a continuous variable, a mixed integer optimization model is constructed in combination with relevant constraints. The equipment configuration selection method for the integrated energy system is described under the premise of considering the equipment operation mode.

[0005] Technical solution: To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] In a first aspect, a method for selecting equipment for an integrated energy system taking differences into consideration comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Determine all types of equipment to be configured for the construction of the integrated energy system, and collect funds according to the key parameters of each type of equipment, and build a library of equipment to be selected based on the key parameters of each type of equipment.

[0008] Step 2: Determine the combination constraints, which include equipment quantity constraints and rated capacity constraints. The equipment in the equipment library to be selected is screened based on the combination constraints to obtain the core equipment to be selected.

[0009] Step 3: Establish an integrated energy system optimization model, which includes integrated energy system optimization objectives and integrated energy system constraints.

[0010] Step 4: Based on the core equipment in the equipment library, perform linear solution on the integrated energy system optimization model to obtain multiple configuration schemes for each type and number of equipment.

[0011] Step 5: Calculate the energy efficiency index of each group of configuration schemes respectively, sort them according to the energy efficiency index, and select the engineering equipment in the configuration schemes ranked in the front.

[0012] In the second aspect, a device for selecting equipment for an integrated energy system taking differences into consideration includes the following modules:

[0013] Equipment library construction module for selection: determine all equipment types to be configured for the construction of the integrated energy system, collect funds according to key parameters of each type of equipment, and construct the equipment library for selection based on the key parameters of each type of equipment.

[0014] Core candidate equipment acquisition module: determine the combination constraints, which include equipment quantity constraints and rated capacity constraints, and screen the equipment in the equipment library to be selected based on the combination constraints to obtain the core candidate equipment.

[0015] Optimization model building module: establish an integrated energy system optimization model, wherein the integrated energy system optimization model includes the integrated energy system optimization target and the integrated energy system constraint conditions.

[0016] Optimization model solving module: Based on the core equipment to be selected in the equipment library, the integrated energy system optimization model is linearly solved to obtain multiple groups of configuration schemes for each type and number of equipment.

[0017] Configuration scheme selection module: calculate the energy efficiency index of each group of configuration schemes respectively, sort them according to the energy efficiency index, and select the engineering equipment in the configuration scheme ranked in the front.

[0018] In a third aspect, a storage medium comprising computer executable instructions is characterized in that, when the computer executable instructions are processed and executed by a computer, they implement a method for selecting equipment for an integrated energy system that takes differences into consideration as described in the first aspect.

[0019] As a preferred solution, the key parameters of each type of equipment are shown in Table 1:

[0020] Table 1 Key parameters of the equipment library to be selected (1) Photovoltaic

[0021]

[0022] (2) Air source heat pump

[0023]

[0024] (3) Gas trigeneration internal combustion engine

[0025]

[0026] (4) Gas-fired trigeneration lithium bromide unit

[0027]

[0028] (5) Direct-fired engine

[0029]

[0030] (6) Electric boiler

[0031]

[0032] (7) Electrical energy storage

[0033]

[0034] (8) Ground Source Heat Pump

[0035]

[0036] (9) Transformer

[0037]

[0038] (10) Chiller

[0039]

[0040] (11) Gas boiler

[0041]

[0042] (12) Water storage

[0043]

[0044] As a preferred solution, the number of devices is constrained as follows:

[0045] n i,j ≤n i,max

[0046] Where n i,j is the number of devices of a certain type and model, n i,max The maximum number of devices of a certain type.

[0047] As a preferred solution, the equipment rated capacity constraint is:

[0048]

[0049] Where n i,j,k is the number of devices with device category i, technology type j, and number k, p i,j,k,n is the rated power of the equipment of category i with technical type j and number k, p load,max is the maximum load of the equipment, η i,load,max is the ratio of the total planned power of type i equipment to the maximum load, λ c Represents the ratio of the maximum capacity to the minimum capacity of the equipment in the equipment quantity combination, n i,max The maximum number of devices of a certain type.

[0050] As a preferred solution, the optimization goal of the comprehensive energy system is:

[0051] minC total =C device +C om +C energy -C sub

[0052] Where: minC total The average annual total cost C total Minimum, C device is the equipment purchase cost; C om is the annual operation and maintenance cost; C energy Annual energy transaction cost; C sub Subsidize the average annual power generation of new energy.

[0053] As a preferred option,

[0054] Where: Ω D is a set of equipment types to be selected; Ω D,i ,Ω D,i,j are the device set of category i and the device set of category i and technology type j in the devices to be configured; i,j,k,inv , C i,,j,k,om are the purchase cost and annual operation and maintenance cost of the equipment with category i, technology type j and number k in the equipment to be configured; r is the base discount rate; z is the service life of the corresponding equipment during operation; ΔT and d n are the scheduling time interval and the duration of the nth typical day respectively; P buy (t), G buy (t) are the total electricity and gas purchases at time t; ξ e (t), ξ g (t), ξ sub are the electricity and gas purchase costs and subsidy income at the corresponding time; pi,j,k (t) is the output of the device with device category i, technology type j and number k at time t, n i,j,k The number of devices with category i, technology type j, and number k among the devices to be configured.

[0055] As the preferred solution, the constraints of the integrated energy system are as follows:

[0056] System equipment quantity and installation capacity constraints:

[0057]

[0058] Where: n i,j,k is the number of devices with device category i, technology type j, and number k, n i,max 、n max They are respectively the maximum number of equipment of a certain type and the maximum number of equipment of the entire project.

[0059]

[0060] Where: p i,j,k,n 、p i,j,k',n are the rated powers of the equipment of category i with technical type j and numbers k and k', ω i,j,k ,ω i,j,k' are 0-1 variables indicating whether the corresponding device is configured, 0 represents not configured, 1 represents configured, where k≠k' and k'>k; M is an auxiliary constant in the linear representation process of the inequality, λ c Represents the ratio of the maximum capacity to the minimum capacity of the equipment in the quantity combination matrix.

[0061] n cchp,j,k,p =n relate,cchp,j,k,ch

[0062] Where: n cchp,j,k,p 、n relate,cchp,j,k,ch They are the number of internal combustion engines with technology type j and number k and the corresponding number of lithium bromide units.

[0063] Tie line power balance constraints:

[0064] Electric power balance constraints

[0065]

[0066] Where: Ω eout ,Ω ein are the power supply and power consumption equipment respectively; Ω i,eout (Ω i,ein ),Ω i,j,eout (Ω i,j,ein) are respectively the equipment set of category i in the power supply (utilization) equipment and the equipment set of category i and technology type j in the power supply (utilization) equipment; p i,j,k,out (t), p i,j,k,in (t) are the discharge power and power consumption of the corresponding equipment at time t; p load (t) and p loss (t) are the load power and power loss at time t respectively.

[0067] Thermal power balance constraints

[0068]

[0069] Where: Ω hout ,Ω hin are the categories of heat supply and heat consumption equipment respectively; Ω i,hout (Ω i,hin ),Ω i,j,hout (Ω i,j,hin ) are respectively the equipment set of category i in heat supply (consumption) equipment and the equipment set of category i and technology type j in heat supply (consumption) equipment; h i,j,k,out (t), h i,j,k,in (t) are the heating power and heat consumption power of the corresponding equipment at time t; h buy (t), h loss (t) are the purchased heat power and heat power loss of central heating at time t; h load (t) is the central heating load power at time t.

[0070] Cold power balance constraint

[0071]

[0072] Where: Ω cout ,Ω cin are the categories of cooling equipment and cooling consumption equipment respectively; Ω i,cout (Ω i,cin ),Ω i,j,cout (Ω i,j,cin ) are respectively the set of equipment of category i in the cooling equipment (consumption) and the set of equipment of category i and technology type j in the cooling equipment (consumption); c i,j,k,in (t), c i,j,k,out (t) are the cooling power and cooling power consumption of the corresponding equipment at time t; c loss (t) is the cooling power loss at time t. load (t) is the cooling power load at time t.

[0073] Electrical conversion constraints

[0074] p i,j,k (t) = ηi,j,k χ gas g i,j,k (t)

[0075] Where: p i,j,k (t) Electrical power of equipment of category i, technology type j and number k, η i,j,k , g i,j,k (t) are the energy conversion efficiency and gas consumption at different times corresponding to the equipment with category i, technology type j and number k; gas is the calorific value of natural gas.

[0076] Equipment configuration and operation constraints:

[0077] Output upper and lower limit constraints

[0078]

[0079] Where: p i,j,k,out,max 、p i,j,k,out,min With p i,j,k,energy,out (t) are the maximum and minimum power and output at time t corresponding to the equipment of category i, technology type j and number k in the energy supply equipment.

[0080] Specific constraints:

[0081]

[0082] Where: Ω D,pv ,Ω D,pv,j are the set of photovoltaic devices among the selected devices and the set of photovoltaic devices with technology type j among the devices to be configured; n pv,j,k , S pv,j,k and p pv,j,k,n are the number, area and rated power of the equipment with photovoltaic technology type j and number k; S pv,max is the maximum installation area of ​​photovoltaic equipment; p load,max is the maximum electrical load, η pv is the maximum photovoltaic access ratio.

[0083]

[0084] Where: Ω es,hes A collection of energy storage devices; Ω es,hes,j is the set of equipment with technology type j in energy storage equipment; p i,j,k,dis (t), p i,j,k,ch (t), Q i,j,k (t) and Q i,j,k(t-1) are the discharge power, charging power, and capacity of the equipment with category i, technology type j, and number k at time t, and the capacity of the equipment at time t-1; p i,j,k,dis,max 、p i,j,k,ch,max , η i,j,k,ch , η i,j,k,dis , Q i,j,k,max , Q i,j,k,min and i,j,k They represent the maximum charging power, maximum discharging power, charging efficiency, discharging efficiency, maximum capacity, minimum capacity and discharging depth of the equipment with category i, technology type j and number k respectively; v i,j,k,ch (t), v i,j,k,dis (t) are the charging flag and discharging flag of the device with category i, technology type j and number k at time t; t s ,t e They are the initial time and end time of the scheduling period respectively.

[0085]

[0086] Where: c gshp,j,k,out (t), h gshp,j,k,out (t) and (t) are the cooling and heating powers of the ground source heat pump with the technical type j and the equipment number k at the time t.

[0087]

[0088] Where: Ω D,cchp ,Ω D,cchp,j are the set of equipment whose category is trigeneration in the equipment to be selected and the set of equipment whose category is trigeneration and technology type is j in the equipment to be configured; p cchp,j,k,out (t), h cchp,j,k,out (t) and c cchp,j,k,out (t) respectively represent the power generation power, heating power and cooling power of the trigeneration unit at time t; γ c , γ h are the cold and hot energy conversion efficiencies in the waste heat recovery process, n cchp,j,k is the number of equipment with category trigeneration, technology type j and number k.

[0089] As a preferred solution, the energy efficiency indicators include: energy transmission efficiency, primary energy saving rate;

[0090] The energy transfer efficiency is as follows:

[0091]

[0092] Where: E equip,iis the transmission efficiency of device i, euqip represents the set of all configured devices, n equip,i Represents the number of device i.

[0093] The primary energy saving rates are as follows:

[0094]

[0095] Where: p pb,i The amount of electricity purchased for device i, p gb,i is the gas purchase volume of equipment i, e gen is the power generation efficiency of the power plant on the grid side, is the line loss rate, and euqip represents the set of all configured devices.

[0096] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a method and device for selecting equipment for an integrated energy system that takes differences into consideration. The method optimizes the overall equipment input of the integrated energy system theoretically, and plans the model configuration of engineering equipment based on the overall economic efficiency of the system in combination with the key parameters of the equipment. The present invention can more objectively reflect the design capacity and operation mode of actual engineering equipment, and can better reflect the actual needs of the project. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0097] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the selection method of the present invention.

[0098] Figure 2 This is a typical integrated energy system topology diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0099] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0100] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for selecting equipment for an integrated energy system taking differences into consideration includes the following steps:

[0101] Step 1: Determine all types of equipment to be configured for the construction of the integrated energy system, and collect funds according to the key parameters of each type of equipment, and build a library of equipment to be selected based on the key parameters of each type of equipment.

[0102] Step 2: Determine the combination constraints, which include equipment quantity constraints and rated capacity constraints. The equipment in the equipment library to be selected is screened based on the combination constraints to obtain the core equipment to be selected.

[0103] Step 3: Establish an integrated energy system optimization model, which includes an integrated energy system optimization goal with economic operation as the core, and integrated energy system constraint conditions.

[0104] Step 4: Based on the core equipment in the equipment library, perform linear solution on the integrated energy system optimization model to obtain multiple configuration schemes for each type and number of equipment.

[0105] Step 5: Calculate the energy efficiency index of each configuration scheme separately, and sort them according to the energy efficiency index. Select the engineering equipment in the configuration scheme ranked in the front to provide auxiliary decision-making for planning engineering construction.

[0106] A device for selecting equipment for an integrated energy system taking differences into consideration, comprising the following modules:

[0107] Equipment library construction module for selection: determine all equipment types to be configured for the construction of the integrated energy system, collect funds according to key parameters of each type of equipment, and construct the equipment library for selection based on the key parameters of each type of equipment.

[0108] Core candidate equipment acquisition module: determine the combination constraints, which include equipment quantity constraints and rated capacity constraints, and screen the equipment in the equipment library to be selected based on the combination constraints to obtain the core candidate equipment.

[0109] Optimization model building module: Establishing an integrated energy system optimization model, wherein the integrated energy system optimization model includes an integrated energy system optimization target with economic operation as the core, and integrated energy system constraint conditions.

[0110] Optimization model solving module: Based on the core equipment to be selected in the equipment library, the integrated energy system optimization model is linearly solved to obtain multiple groups of configuration schemes for each type and number of equipment.

[0111] Configuration scheme selection module: calculate the energy efficiency index of each group of configuration schemes respectively, sort them according to the energy efficiency index, select the engineering equipment in the configuration schemes ranked in the front, and provide auxiliary decision-making for planning engineering construction.

[0112] like Figure 2 Taking the typical integrated energy system topology shown in the figure as an example, by collecting the key parameters of various types of equipment, a library of equipment to be selected is established. The equipment in the library includes: photovoltaic, air source heat pump, gas trigeneration internal combustion engine, gas trigeneration lithium bromide unit, direct-fired engine, electric boiler, electric energy storage, ground source heat pump, transformer, chiller, gas boiler, water storage. The key parameters of the library are shown in Table 1:

[0113] Table 1 Key parameters of the equipment library to be selected (1) Photovoltaic

[0114]

[0115] (2) Air source heat pump

[0116]

[0117] (3) Gas trigeneration internal combustion engine

[0118]

[0119] (4) Gas-fired trigeneration lithium bromide unit

[0120]

[0121] (5) Direct-fired engine

[0122]

[0123] (6) Electric boiler

[0124]

[0125] (7) Electrical energy storage

[0126]

[0127] (8) Ground Source Heat Pump

[0128]

[0129] (9) Transformer

[0130]

[0131] (10) Chiller

[0132]

[0133] (11) Gas boiler

[0134] (12) Water storage

[0135]

[0136] The method for obtaining the combination constraint comprises the following steps:

[0137] The number of devices is constrained as follows:

[0138] n i,j ≤n i,max (1)

[0139] Among them, n i,j is the number of devices of a certain type and model, n i,max The maximum number of devices of a certain type.

[0140] The ratio constraint between the total accumulated value of the equipment rated power and the maximum load (electricity, cooling, heating) of the planned area:

[0141]

[0142] Where: p i,j,k,total is the total rated power capacity of the equipment with equipment category i, technology type j and number k; n i,j,k is the number of devices with device category i, technology type j, and number k, p i,j,k,n is the rated power of the equipment of category i with technical type j and number k, p load,max is the maximum load of the equipment, η i,load,max It is the ratio of the total planned power of class i equipment to the maximum load.

[0143] When n i,max =1, p i,j,k,total Take p i,j,k,n ; When n i,max >1, it is necessary to compare the rated power with p i,j,k,n Considering the equipment quantity limitation and combining the ratio λ c , the maximum rated power of the equipment numbered k' in the equipment quantity combination should meet the following requirements:

[0144] p i,j,k',n ≤λ c p i,j,k,n (3)

[0145] Among them, λ c represents the ratio of the maximum capacity to the minimum capacity of the equipment in the equipment quantity combination. . k'>k, and thus the total capacity that can be configured by the i-type equipment can be further obtained, as shown in formula (4).

[0146]

[0147] The formula takes into account the maximum number of combinable devices and makes a judgment on the selection of the overall maximum rated power value.

[0148] When the minimum value is the latter of the expressions in formula (4), the meaning expressed is the same as that of formula (2); when the minimum value is the former, then:

[0149] (n i,max -1)p i,j,k',n λ c +p i,j,k,n ≤n i,j,k p load,max η i,load,,max (5)

[0150] Comprehensively considering equations (2) to (5), we can obtain the equipment rated capacity constraint:

[0151]

[0152] The integrated energy system optimization model includes the integrated energy system optimization objectives with economic operation as the core, as well as the integrated energy system constraints.

[0153] The optimization target of the integrated energy system is the annual average total cost C of the integrated energy system. total Minimum is the optimization target of the comprehensive energy system, as shown in formula (7).

[0154] minC total =C device +C om +C energy -C sub (7)

[0155] Where: C device is the equipment purchase cost; C om is the annual operation and maintenance cost; C energy Annual energy transaction cost; C sub is the average annual power generation subsidy for renewable energy. The expressions of various costs are:

[0156]

[0157] Where: Ω D is a set of equipment types to be selected; Ω D,i ,Ω D,i,j are the device set of category i and the device set of category i and technology type j in the devices to be configured; C i,j,k,inv , C i,j,k,om are the purchase cost and annual operation and maintenance cost of the equipment with category i, technology type j and number k in the equipment to be configured; r is the base discount rate; z is the service life of the corresponding equipment during operation; ΔT and d n are the scheduling time interval and the duration of the nth typical day respectively; P buy (t), G buy (t) are the total electricity and gas purchases at time t; ξ e (t), ξ g (t), ξ sub are the electricity and gas purchase costs and subsidy income at the corresponding time; p i,j,k (t) is the output of the device with device category i, technology type j and number k at time t, n i,j,k The number of devices with category i, technology type j, and number k among the devices to be configured.

[0158] The constraints of the integrated energy system are as follows:

[0159] System equipment quantity and installation capacity constraints:

[0160] The number combination matrix n of the selected equipment i,j,k It can be expressed as n i,j,k =[n pv ,n es ,n hes ,n cchp ,n gshp ,n ashp ,n eb ,n gb ,n cw ,n dfac ], where each item is a matrix of the number of photovoltaics, electric energy storage, hydropower storage, trigeneration, ground source heat pumps, air source heat pumps, electric boilers, gas boilers, chillers and direct-fired engines, and there are certain restrictions on the number of different equipment.

[0161]

[0162] Where: n i,max 、n max They are respectively the maximum number of equipment of a certain type and the maximum number of equipment of the entire project.

[0163] The completeness of the equipment library to be selected directly affects the optimization configuration results. This paper gives priority to the combination of devices of the same technical type (referring to the model) under the same category of equipment (the j of the equipment in the configuration result is the same), and allows multiple configurations of the same model under the same technical type and joint configurations of different models. Considering the reliability of the equipment when running in parallel, the maximum and minimum capacity ratio λ in the combination scheme is c To simplify the calculation, combined with the principle of increasing capacity in the database, the ratio of any two types of equipment is constrained, and the constant M is used for linear expression:

[0164]

[0165] Where: p i,j,k,n 、p i,j,k',n are the rated powers of the equipment of category i with technical type j and numbers k and k', ω i,j,k ,ω i,j,k' are 0-1 variables indicating whether the corresponding device is configured, 0 represents not configured, 1 represents configured, where k≠k' and k'>k; M is an auxiliary constant in the linear representation process of the inequality, λ c Represents the ratio of the maximum capacity to the minimum capacity of the equipment in the quantity combination matrix.

[0166] In the process of equipment configuration, in order to simplify the internal correlation of the trigeneration unit, this paper considers a single internal combustion engine configured with a single waste heat recovery lithium bromide unit. The number of associated equipment is always consistent, and the equation constraint for the consistency of the number is as shown in formula (11).

[0167] n cchp,j,k,p =n relate,cchp,j,k,ch (11)

[0168] Where: n cchp,j,k,p 、n relate,cchp,j,k,ch They are the number of internal combustion engines with technology type j and number k and the corresponding number of lithium bromide units.

[0169] Tie line power balance constraints:

[0170] 1) Electric power balance constraints

[0171]

[0172] Where: Ω eout ,Ω ein are the power supply and power consumption equipment respectively; Ω i,eout (Ω i,ein ),Ω i,j,eout (Ω i,j,ein ) are respectively the equipment set of category i in the power supply (utilization) equipment and the equipment set of category i and technology type j in the power supply (utilization) equipment; p i,j,k,out (t), p i,j,k,in (t) are the discharge power and power consumption of the corresponding equipment at time t; p load (t) and p loss (t) are the load power and power loss at time t respectively.

[0173] 2) Thermal power balance constraints

[0174]

[0175] Where: Ω hout ,Ω hin are the categories of heat supply and heat consumption equipment respectively; Ω i,hout (Ω i,hin ),Ω i,j,hout (Ω i,j,hin ) are respectively the equipment set of category i in heat supply (consumption) equipment and the equipment set of category i and technology type j in heat supply (consumption) equipment; h i,j,k,out (t), h i,j,k,in (t) are the heating power and heat consumption power of the corresponding equipment at time t; h buy (t), h loss (t) are the purchased heat power and heat power loss of central heating at time t.load (t) is the central heating load power at time t.

[0176] 3) Cold power balance constraint

[0177]

[0178] Where: Ω cout ,Ω cin are the categories of cooling equipment and cooling consumption equipment respectively; Ω i,cout (Ω i,cin ),Ω i,j,cout (Ω i,j,cin ) are respectively the set of equipment of category i in the cooling equipment (consumption) and the set of equipment of category i and technology type j in the cooling equipment (consumption); c i,j,k,in (t), c i,j,k,out (t) are the cooling power and cooling power consumption of the corresponding equipment at time t; c loss (t) is the cooling power loss at time t. load (t) is the cooling power load at time t.

[0179] 4) Electrical conversion constraints

[0180] Electrical conversion refers to the conversion relationship between electrical power and natural gas consumption.

[0181] p i,j,k (t) = η i,j,k χ gas g i,j,k (t) (15)

[0182] Where: p i,j,k (t) Electrical power of equipment of category i, technology type j and number k, η i,j,k , g i,j,k (t) are the energy conversion efficiency and gas consumption at different times corresponding to the equipment with category i, technology type j and number k; gas is the calorific value of natural gas.

[0183] Equipment configuration and operation constraints:

[0184] Output upper and lower limit constraints

[0185]

[0186] Where: p i,j,k,out,max 、p i,j,k,out,min With p i,j,k,energy,out (t) are the maximum and minimum power and output at time t corresponding to the equipment of category i, technology type j and number k in the energy supply equipment.

[0187] The unique constraints are based on the operating characteristics of each device. According to the device classification method in Table 1, the corresponding unique constraints are equations (17) to (20).

[0188]

[0189] Where: Ω D,pv ,Ω D,pv,j are the set of photovoltaic devices among the selected devices and the set of photovoltaic devices with technology type j among the devices to be configured; n pv,j,k , S pv,j,k and p pv,j,k,n are the number, area and rated power of the equipment with photovoltaic technology type j and number k; S pv,max is the maximum installation area of ​​photovoltaic equipment; p load,max is the maximum electrical load, η pv The maximum photovoltaic access ratio is set based on the relevant regulations of the State Grid for photovoltaic power stations.

[0190] The relevant operating constraints for electric energy storage and hydroelectric energy storage equipment are shown in formula (18).

[0191]

[0192] Where: Ω es,hes A collection of energy storage devices; Ω es,hes,j is the set of equipment with technology type j in energy storage equipment; p i,j,k,dis (t), p i,j,k,ch (t), Q i,j,k (t) and Q i,j,k (t-1) are the discharge power, charging power, and capacity of the equipment with category i, technology type j, and number k at time t, and the capacity of the equipment at time t-1; p i,j,k,dis,max 、p i,j,k,ch,max , η i,j,k,ch , η i,j,k,dis , Q i,j,k,max , Q i,j,k,min and i,j,k They represent the maximum charging power, maximum discharging power, charging efficiency, discharging efficiency, maximum capacity, minimum capacity and discharging depth of the equipment with category i, technology type j and number k respectively; v i,j,k,ch (t), v i,j,k,dis (t) are the charging flag and discharging flag of the device with category i, technology type j and number k at time t; t s ,t e They are the initial time and the end time of the scheduling period, respectively, and the equipment capacity is required to be equal at these two times.

[0193] In addition to the basic power balance constraint, the ground source heat pump also needs to supplement the cooling and heating balance constraints during the scheduling period, as shown in formula (19).

[0194]

[0195] Where: c gshp,j,k,out (t), h gshp,j,k,out (t) and (t) are the cooling and heating powers of the ground source heat pump with the technical type j and the equipment number k at the time t.

[0196] In addition to the above equipment, the operating constraints of the CCHP unit are shown in formula (20).

[0197]

[0198] Where: Ω D,cchp ,Ω D,cchp,j are the set of equipment whose category is trigeneration in the equipment to be selected and the set of equipment whose category is trigeneration and technology type is j in the equipment to be configured; p cchp,j,k,out (t), h cchp,j,k,out (t) and c cchp,j,k,out (t) respectively represent the power generation power, heating power and cooling power of the trigeneration unit at time t; γ c , γ h are the cold and hot energy conversion efficiencies in the waste heat recovery process, n cchp,j,k is the number of equipment with category trigeneration, technology type j and number k.

[0199] The integrated energy system optimization model is a 0-1 integer mixed model, which can be solved by a linear programming solver to obtain a series of economically optimal solution pools.

[0200] Energy efficiency indicators include:

[0201] Energy transmission efficiency

[0202] Energy transfer efficiency E trans Relevant to the overall operation of the system.

[0203]

[0204] Where: E equip,i is the transmission efficiency of device i. For transformers, the transmission efficiency refers to the rated efficiency of the transformer; for electric energy storage, the transmission efficiency is the accumulation of the conversion efficiency of the inverter and the charging and discharging efficiency; for cooling and heating equipment, the transmission efficiency specifically refers to the cooling and heating efficiency, and takes different values ​​depending on the specific equipment. euqip represents the set of all configured devices, n equip,i Represents the number of device i.

[0205] Primary energy saving rate

[0206] For the integrated energy system, the energy conservation and environmental protection tasks it undertakes should also be the focus of investigation.

[0207] Primary energy saving rate S pe It mainly reflects the consumption of non-fossil energy and is related to the amount of electricity and gas purchased.

[0208]

[0209] Where p pb,i The amount of electricity purchased for device i, p gb,i is the gas purchase volume of equipment i, e gen is the power generation efficiency of the power plant on the grid side, is the line loss rate, and euqip represents the set of all configured devices.

[0210] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented in one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that include computer-usable program code.

[0211] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0212] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0213] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0214] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for selecting equipment for an integrated energy system taking differences into consideration, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Determine all the equipment types to be configured for the construction of the integrated energy system, and collect funds according to the key parameters of each type of equipment, and build a library of equipment to be selected based on the key parameters of each type of equipment; Step 2: Determine the combination constraints, which include the equipment quantity constraint and the rated capacity constraint. According to the combination constraints, select the equipment in the equipment library to be selected to obtain the core equipment to be selected; Step 3: Establishing an integrated energy system optimization model, wherein the integrated energy system optimization model includes an integrated energy system optimization target and integrated energy system constraint conditions; Step 4: Based on the core equipment to be selected in the equipment library, perform linear solution on the integrated energy system optimization model to obtain multiple configuration schemes of various types and numbers of equipment; Step 5: Calculate the energy efficiency index of each group of configuration schemes respectively, sort them according to the energy efficiency index, and select the engineering equipment in the configuration scheme ranked in the front; The number of devices is constrained as follows: n i,j ≤n i,max Where n i,j is the number of devices of a certain type and model, n i,max The maximum number of devices of a certain type; Equipment rated capacity constraints: Where n i,j,k is the number of devices with device category i, technology type j, and number k, p i,j,k,n is the rated power of the equipment of category i with technical type j and number k, p load,max is the maximum load of the equipment, η i,load,max is the ratio of the total planned power of type i equipment to the maximum load, λ c Represents the ratio of the maximum capacity to the minimum capacity of the equipment in the equipment quantity combination, n i,max The maximum number of devices of a certain type; The optimization objectives of the integrated energy system are: minC total =C device +C om +C energy -C sub Where: minC total The average annual total cost C total Minimum, C device is the equipment purchase cost; C om is the annual operation and maintenance cost; C energy Annual energy transaction cost; C sub Subsidize the average annual electricity generation from renewable energy sources; The constraints of the integrated energy system are as follows: System equipment quantity and installation capacity constraints: Where: n i,j,k is the number of devices with device category i, technology type j, and number k, n i,max 、n max They are the maximum number of a certain type of equipment and the maximum number of equipment for the entire project; Where: p i,j,k,n 、p i,j,k',n are the rated powers of the equipment of category i with technical type j and numbers k and k', ω i,j,k ,ω i,j,k' are 0-1 variables indicating whether the corresponding device is configured, 0 represents not configured, 1 represents configured, where k≠k' and k'>k; M is an auxiliary constant in the linear representation process of the inequality, λ c Represents the ratio of the maximum capacity to the minimum capacity of the equipment in the quantity combination matrix; n cchp,j,k,p =n relate,cchp,j,k,ch Where: n cchp,j,k,p 、n relate,cchp,j,k,ch The number of internal combustion engines with technology type j and number k and the corresponding number of lithium bromide units; Tie line power balance constraints: Electric power balance constraints Where: Ω eout ,Ω ein are the power supply and power consumption equipment respectively; Ω i,eout ,Ω i,ein ,Ω i,j,eout ,Ω i,j,ein are the equipment set of category i in the power supply and consumption equipment and the equipment set of category i and technology type j in the power supply and consumption equipment; p i,j,k,out (t), p i,j,k,in (t) are the discharge power and power consumption of the corresponding equipment at time t; p load (t) and p loss (t) load power and power loss at time t respectively; Thermal power balance constraints Where: Ω hout ,Ω hin are the categories of heat supply and heat consumption equipment respectively; Ω i,hout ,Ω i,hin ,Ω i,j,hout ,Ω i,j,hin are the equipment set of category i in heat supply and consumption equipment and the equipment set of category i and technology type j in heat supply and consumption equipment; h i,j,k,out (t), h i,j,k,in (t) are the heating power and heat consumption power of the corresponding equipment at time t; h buy (t), h loss (t) are the purchased heat power and heat power loss of central heating at time t; h load (t) is the central heating load power at time t; Cold power balance constraint Where: Ω cout ,Ω cin are the categories of cooling equipment and cooling consumption equipment respectively; Ω i,cout ,Ω i,cin ,Ω i,j,cout ,Ω i,j,cin are the equipment set of category i in the cooling equipment and the equipment set of category i and technology type j in the cooling equipment and i,j,k,in (t), c i,j,k,out (t) are the cooling power and cooling power consumption of the corresponding equipment at time t; c loss (t) is the cooling power loss at time t; c load (t) is the cooling power load at time t; Electrical conversion constraints p i,j,k (t)=η i,j,k x gas g i,j,k (t) Where: p i,j,k (t) Electrical power of equipment of category i, technology type j and number k, η i,j,k , g i,j,k (t) are the energy conversion efficiency and gas consumption at different times corresponding to the equipment with category i, technology type j and number k; gas is the calorific value of natural gas; Equipment configuration and operation constraints: Output upper and lower limit constraints Where: p i,j,k,out,max 、p i,j,k,out,min With p i,j,k,energy,out (t) are the maximum and minimum power and output at time t of the equipment with category i, technology type j and number k in the energy supply equipment; Specific constraints: Where: Ω D,pv ,Ω D,pv,j are the set of photovoltaic devices among the selected devices and the set of photovoltaic devices with technology type j among the devices to be configured; n pv,j,k , S pv,j,k and p pv,j,k,n are the number, area and rated power of the equipment with photovoltaic technology type j and number k; S pv,max is the maximum installation area of ​​photovoltaic equipment; p load,max is the maximum electrical load, η pv is the maximum photovoltaic access ratio; Where: Ω es,hes A collection of energy storage devices; Ω es,hes,j is the set of equipment with technology type j in energy storage equipment; p i,j,k,dis (t), p i,j,k,ch (t), Q i,j,k (t) and Q i,j,k (t-1) are the discharge power, charging power, and capacity of the equipment with category i, technology type j, and number k at time t, and the capacity of the equipment at time t-1; p i,j,k,dis,max 、p i,j,k,ch,max , η i,j,k,ch , η i,j,k,dis , Q i,j,k,max , Q i,j,k,min and i,j,k They represent the maximum charging power, maximum discharging power, charging efficiency, discharging efficiency, maximum capacity, minimum capacity and discharging depth of the equipment with category i, technology type j and number k respectively; v i,j,k,ch (t), v i,j,k,dis (t) are the charging flag and discharging flag of the device with category i, technology type j and number k at time t; t s ,t e are the initial time and the end time of the scheduling period respectively; Where: c gshp,j,k,out (t), h gshp,j,k,out (t) and (t) are the cooling and heating powers of the ground source heat pump with the technology type j and the number k at time t; Where: Ω D,cchp ,Ω D,cchp,j are the set of equipment whose category is trigeneration in the equipment to be selected and the set of equipment whose category is trigeneration and technology type is j in the equipment to be configured; p cchp,j,k,out (t), h cchp,j,k,out (t) and c cchp,j,k,out (t) respectively represent the power generation power, heating power and cooling power of the trigeneration unit at time t; γ c , γ h are the cold and hot energy conversion efficiencies in the waste heat recovery process, n cchp,j,k is the number of equipment with category trigeneration, technology type j and number k.

2. A method for selecting equipment for an integrated energy system taking differences into consideration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The key parameters of each type of equipment include: (1) Key parameters of photovoltaics include: manufacturer, technology type, model, unit capacity, photoelectric conversion efficiency, unit installation area, purchase cost, operation and maintenance cost, other costs or service life; (2) The key parameters of air source heat pumps include: manufacturer, technology type, model, cooling power, heating power, cooling efficiency, heating efficiency, purchase cost, operation and maintenance cost, other costs or service life; (3) The key parameters of gas trigeneration internal combustion engines include: manufacturer, technology type, model, power generation, power generation efficiency, starting load rate, voltage level, purchase cost, operation and maintenance cost, other costs or service life; (4) The key parameters of gas-fired trigeneration lithium bromide units include: manufacturer, technology type, model, cooling power, heating power, cooling efficiency, heating efficiency, purchase cost, operation and maintenance cost, other costs or service life; (5) Key parameters of direct-fired engines include: manufacturer, technology type, model, cooling power, heating power, cooling efficiency, heating efficiency, purchase cost, operation and maintenance cost, other costs or service life; (6) Key parameters of electric boilers include: manufacturer, technology type, model, heating power, heating efficiency, voltage level, purchase cost, operation and maintenance cost, other costs or service life; (7) Key parameters of electric energy storage include: manufacturer, technology type, model, unit capacity, minimum capacity, maximum capacity, charging efficiency, discharge efficiency, discharge depth, number of cycles, purchase cost, operation and maintenance cost, other costs or service life; (8) Key parameters of ground source heat pumps include: manufacturer, technology type, model, cooling power, heating power, cooling efficiency, heating efficiency, purchase cost, operation and maintenance cost, other costs or service life; (9) The key parameters of the transformer include: manufacturer, technology type, model, equipment capacity, voltage level, rated input power, rated output power, rated efficiency, purchase cost, operation and maintenance cost, other costs or service life; (10) The key parameters of the chiller include: manufacturer, technology type, model, cooling power, cooling efficiency, voltage level, purchase cost, operation and maintenance cost, other costs or service life; (11) Key parameters of gas boilers include: manufacturer, technology type, model, heating power, heating efficiency, voltage level, purchase cost, operation and maintenance cost, other costs or service life; (12) The key parameters of hydropower storage include: manufacturer, technology type, model, unit capacity, minimum capacity, maximum capacity, rated efficiency, purchase cost, operation and maintenance cost, other costs, and service life.

3. The method for selecting equipment for an integrated energy system taking differences into consideration according to claim 1, characterized in that: Where: Ω D is a set of equipment types to be selected; Ω D,i ,Ω D,i,j are the device set of category i and the device set of category i and technology type j in the devices to be configured; C i,j,k,inv , C i,j,k,om are the purchase cost and annual operation and maintenance cost of the equipment with category i, technology type j and number k in the equipment to be configured; r is the base discount rate; z is the service life of the corresponding equipment during operation; ΔT and d n are the scheduling time interval and the duration of the nth typical day respectively; P buy (t), G buy (t) are the total electricity and gas purchases at time t; ξ e (t), ξ g (t), ξ sub are the electricity and gas purchase costs and subsidy income at the corresponding time; p i,j,k (t) is the output of the device with device category i, technology type j and number k at time t, n i,j,k The number of devices with category i, technology type j, and number k among the devices to be configured.

4. The method for selecting equipment for an integrated energy system taking differences into consideration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy efficiency index includes: energy transmission efficiency or primary energy saving rate.

5. The method for selecting equipment for an integrated energy system taking differences into consideration according to claim 4, characterized in that: The energy transfer efficiency is as follows: Where: E equip,i is the transmission efficiency of device i, euqip represents the set of all configured devices, n equip,i Represents the number of device i; The primary energy saving rates are as follows: Where: p pb,i The amount of electricity purchased for device i, p gb,i is the gas purchase volume of equipment i, e gen is the power generation efficiency of the power plant on the grid side, is the line loss rate, and euqip represents the set of all configured devices.

6. A device for selecting equipment for an integrated energy system taking differences into consideration, characterized in that: Includes the following modules: The module for constructing the equipment library to be selected is used to determine the types of all equipment to be configured for the construction of the integrated energy system, collect funds according to the key parameters of each type of equipment, and construct the equipment library to be selected based on the key parameters of each type of equipment; The core candidate equipment acquisition module is used to determine the combination constraints, which include equipment quantity constraints and rated capacity constraints. The core candidate equipment is obtained by screening the equipment in the candidate equipment library according to the combination constraints. An optimization model building module is used to establish an integrated energy system optimization model, wherein the integrated energy system optimization model includes an integrated energy system optimization target and integrated energy system constraint conditions; The optimization model solving module is used to perform linear solution on the comprehensive energy system optimization model based on the core equipment to be selected in the equipment library to obtain multiple configuration schemes of various types and numbers of equipment; A configuration scheme selection module is used to calculate the energy efficiency index of each group of configuration schemes, sort them according to the energy efficiency index, and select the engineering equipment in the configuration scheme ranked in the front; The number of devices is constrained as follows: n i,j ≤n i,max Where n i,j is the number of devices of a certain type and model, n i,max The maximum number of devices of a certain type; Equipment rated capacity constraints: Where n i,j,k is the number of devices with device category i, technology type j, and number k, p i,j,k,n is the rated power of the equipment of category i with technical type j and number k, p load,max is the maximum load of the equipment, η i,load,max is the ratio of the total planned power of type i equipment to the maximum load, λ c Represents the ratio of the maximum capacity to the minimum capacity of the equipment in the equipment quantity combination, n i,max The maximum number of devices of a certain type; The optimization objectives of the integrated energy system are: minC total =C device +C om +C energy -C sub Where: minC total The average annual total cost C total Minimum, C device is the equipment purchase cost; C om is the annual operation and maintenance cost; C energy Annual energy transaction cost; C sub Subsidize the average annual electricity generation from renewable energy sources; The constraints of the integrated energy system are as follows: System equipment quantity and installation capacity constraints: Where: n i,j,k is the number of devices with device category i, technology type j, and number k, n i,max 、n max They are the maximum number of a certain type of equipment and the maximum number of equipment for the entire project; Where: p i,j,k,n 、p i,j,k',n are the rated powers of the equipment of category i with technical type j and numbers k and k', ω i,j,k ,ω i,j,k' are 0-1 variables indicating whether the corresponding device is configured, 0 represents not configured, 1 represents configured, where k≠k' and k'>k; M is an auxiliary constant in the linear representation process of the inequality, λ c Represents the ratio of the maximum capacity to the minimum capacity of the equipment in the quantity combination matrix; n cchp,j,k,p =n relate,cchp,j,k,ch Where: n cchp,j,k,p 、n relate,cchp,j,k,ch The number of internal combustion engines with technology type j and number k and the corresponding number of lithium bromide units; Tie line power balance constraints: Electric power balance constraints Where: Ω eout ,Ω ein are the power supply and power consumption equipment respectively; Ω i,eout ,Ω i,ein ,Ω i,j,eout ,Ω i,j,ein are the equipment set of category i in the power supply and consumption equipment and the equipment set of category i and technology type j in the power supply and consumption equipment; p i,j,k,out (t), p i,j,k,in (t) are the discharge power and power consumption of the corresponding equipment at time t; p load (t) and p loss (t) load power and power loss at time t respectively; Thermal power balance constraints Where: Ω hout ,Ω hin are the categories of heat supply and heat consumption equipment respectively; Ω i,hout ,Ω i,hin ,Ω i,j,hout ,Ω i,j,hin are the equipment set of category i in heat supply and consumption equipment and the equipment set of category i and technology type j in heat supply and consumption equipment; h i,j,k,out (t), h i,j,k,in (t) are the heating power and heat consumption power of the corresponding equipment at time t; h buy (t), h loss (t) are the purchased heat power and heat power loss of central heating at time t; h load (t) is the central heating load power at time t; Cold power balance constraint Where: Ω cout ,Ω cin are the categories of cooling equipment and cooling consumption equipment respectively; Ω i,cout ,Ω i,cin ,Ω i,j,cout ,Ω i,j,cin are the equipment set of category i in the cooling equipment and the equipment set of category i and technology type j in the cooling equipment and i,j,k,in (t), c i,j,k,out (t) are the cooling power and cooling power consumption of the corresponding equipment at time t; c loss (t) is the cooling power loss at time t; c load (t) is the cooling power load at time t; Electrical conversion constraints p i,j,k (t)=η i,j,k x gas g i,j,k (t) Where: p i,j,k (t) Electrical power of equipment of category i, technology type j and number k, η i,j,k , g i,j,k (t) are the energy conversion efficiency and gas consumption at different times corresponding to the equipment with category i, technology type j and number k; gas is the calorific value of natural gas; Equipment configuration and operation constraints: Output upper and lower limit constraints Where: p i,j,k,out,max 、p i,j,k,out,min With p i,j,k,energy,out (t) are the maximum and minimum power and output at time t of the equipment with category i, technology type j and number k in the energy supply equipment; Specific constraints: Where: Ω D,pv ,Ω D,pv,j are the set of photovoltaic devices among the selected devices and the set of photovoltaic devices with technology type j among the devices to be configured; n pv,j,k , S pv,j,k and p pv,j,k,n are the number, area and rated power of the equipment with photovoltaic technology type j and number k; S pv,max is the maximum installation area of ​​photovoltaic equipment; p load,max is the maximum electrical load, η pv is the maximum photovoltaic access ratio; Where: Ω es,hes A collection of energy storage devices; Ω es,hes,j is the set of equipment with technology type j in energy storage equipment; p i,j,k,dis (t), p i,j,k,ch (t), Q i,j,k (t) and Q i,j,k (t-1) are the discharge power, charging power, and capacity of the equipment with category i, technology type j, and number k at time t, and the capacity of the equipment at time t-1; p i,j,k,dis,max 、p i,j,k,ch,max , η i,j,k,ch , η i,j,k,dis , Q i,j,k,max , Q i,j,k,min and i,j,k They represent the maximum charging power, maximum discharging power, charging efficiency, discharging efficiency, maximum capacity, minimum capacity and discharging depth of the equipment with category i, technology type j and number k respectively; v i,j ,k ,ch (t), v i,j ,k ,dis (t) are the charging flag and discharging flag of the device with category i, technology type j and number k at time t; t s ,t e are the initial time and the end time of the scheduling period respectively; Where: c gshp,j,k,out (t), h gshp,j,k,out (t) and (t) are the cooling and heating powers of the ground source heat pump with the technology type j and the number k at time t; Where: Ω D,cchp ,Ω D,cchp,j are the set of equipment whose category is trigeneration in the equipment to be selected and the set of equipment whose category is trigeneration and technology type is j in the equipment to be configured; p cchp,j,k,out (t), h cchp,j,k,out (t) and c cchp,j,k,out (t) respectively represent the power generation power, heating power and cooling power of the trigeneration unit at time t; γ c , γ h are the cold and hot energy conversion efficiencies in the waste heat recovery process, n cchp,j,k is the number of equipment with category trigeneration, technology type j and number k.

7. A storage medium containing computer executable instructions, characterized in that: When the computer executable instructions are executed by a computer, they implement a method for selecting equipment for an integrated energy system that takes differences into consideration as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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