A metasurface-loaded printed dipole antenna

Abstract

The present invention discloses a metasurface-loaded printed dipole antenna. The antenna comprises a printed dipole, a reflector, a patch parasitic unit, a metasurface structure, a microstrip balun feed, and support posts. The reflector comprises a three-layer dielectric plate and a copper clad layer, the copper clad layer being disposed on the top surface of the dielectric plate, and the three dielectric plates being connected by support posts. The printed dipole and the patch parasitic unit are disposed on the second dielectric plate; the metasurface structure is disposed on the surface of the third dielectric plate and fixed above the printed dipole by support posts. The microstrip balun feed is disposed on the back of the printed dipole, and the microstrip line is connected to the conductor pins of the SMA interface. The patch parasitic units comprise vertical and horizontal patch parasitic units; the vertical patch parasitic units are symmetrically disposed on the left and right sides of the printed dipole; and the horizontal patch parasitic unit is disposed directly above the printed dipole. Loading the metasurface and the patch parasitic units broadens the frequency band, improving the antenna bandwidth and gain.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a printed dipole antenna loaded with a metasurface. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the development of wireless communication technology, the demand for antennas with wide bandwidth, high gain, and miniaturization has become increasingly stringent. Printed dipoles, with their excellent symmetry and planar structure, are easy to process, manufacture, and integrate, making them widely used in wireless communications. Currently, the main development directions for antennas are: multifunctionality (multiple generations), intelligence (providing information processing capabilities), miniaturization, integration, and high performance (wideband, high gain, low sidelobes, and low cross-polarization). However, printed dipoles currently suffer from narrow bandwidth, low gain, and instability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a printed dipole antenna loaded with a metasurface, which has a relative bandwidth of 40.7% in the range of 2.13GHz-3.22GHz, a gain of 8dBi at 2.45GHz and wide-beam radiation characteristics.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a metasurface-loaded printed dipole antenna, comprising: a printed dipole, a reflector, a patch parasitic unit, a metasurface structure, a microstrip balun feed, and a support column;

[0006] The reflector includes a dielectric plate and a copper clad layer, wherein the copper clad layer is provided on the top surface of the dielectric plate, and the dielectric plate includes a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate and a third dielectric plate;

[0007] The first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate are connected by support columns.

[0008] The printed dipole and patch parasitic unit are arranged on the second dielectric board;

[0009] The metasurface structure is provided on the surface of the third dielectric plate and is fixed above the printed dipole via support columns;

[0010] The microstrip balun feed includes a microstrip line, a quarter-wavelength open line and a quarter-wavelength short-circuit slot line. The microstrip balun feed is provided on the back of the printed dipole, and the microstrip line is used to connect to the conductor pin of the SMA interface;

[0011] The patch parasitic unit includes a vertical patch parasitic unit and a horizontal patch parasitic unit;

[0012] The vertical patch parasitic units are arranged on the left and right sides of the printed dipole and are symmetrically arranged;

[0013] The horizontal patch parasitic unit is arranged directly above the printed dipole.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the vertical patch parasitic unit is located at a distance of one quarter of a wavelength from the printed dipole.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the horizontal patch parasitic unit includes a first horizontal patch parasitic unit, a second horizontal patch parasitic unit and a third horizontal patch parasitic unit, and the first horizontal patch parasitic unit, the second horizontal patch parasitic unit and the third horizontal patch parasitic unit are arranged in parallel.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the metasurface structure is formed by arranging matrix patches, and the intervals between each matrix patch are fixed and the horizontal and vertical intervals are equal.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, the matrix patch adopts a 3*4 matrix structure.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, the size of each patch in the matrix patch is 8mm*8mm, and the distance between every two patches is 1mm.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution, the sizes of the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate are 80mm*50mm*1mm, 130mm*65mm*1.6mm and 150mm*90mm*1.6mm respectively.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, the size of the vertical patch parasitic unit is a rectangle of 2mm*50mm, and the sizes of the horizontal patch parasitic units are 19mm*1mm, 19mm*1mm, and 20mm*1mm respectively.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution, the printed dipole has an arm length of 30.6 mm, an arm width of 13 mm, a height of 32 mm from the bottom surface, a middle slit width of 3 mm, and a height of 0.9 mm at the connection below the slit.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, the dielectric plate is made of FR4 plate.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) The present invention uses a microstrip balun for feeding, which is convenient for connection to an SMA connector and has a stable structure. It has a wide operating frequency band of 2.13 GHz to 3.22 GHz, an impedance bandwidth of 8 dBi at 2.45 GHz, and wide beam characteristics on both the E-plane and the H-plane, resulting in high antenna radiation efficiency.

[0025] (2) The present invention greatly improves the reliability of the antenna by supporting and fixing the three-layer dielectric plate, making it suitable for complex working environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 A top view of the structure of the printed dipole antenna loaded with a metasurface according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a front view of the structure of the printed dipole antenna loaded with a metasurface of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a reflection coefficient curve of the printed dipole antenna loaded with the metasurface of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 The gain curve of the printed dipole antenna loaded with the metasurface of the present invention is shown;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a graph of the E-plane gain at 2.45 GHz of the printed dipole antenna loaded with a metasurface according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a graph of the H-plane gain diagram at 2.45 GHz of the printed dipole antenna loaded with a metasurface according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a standing wave ratio (VSWR) curve of the printed dipole antenna loaded with the metasurface of the present invention.

[0033] Among them, 1-first horizontal patch parasitic unit, 2-second horizontal patch parasitic unit, 3-third horizontal patch parasitic unit, 4-first layer of dielectric board, 5-second layer of dielectric board, 6-third layer of dielectric board, 7-vertical patch parasitic unit, 8-support column, 9-printed dipole, 10-metasurface structure, 11-microstrip balun feed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0035] Example

[0036] like Figure 1-Figure 2As shown, this embodiment provides a printed dipole antenna loaded with a metasurface, which uses a printed dipole 9 as a basic radiation unit and further includes: a reflector, a patch parasitic unit, a support column 8, a metasurface structure 10, and a microstrip balun feed 11;

[0037] The reflector includes a dielectric plate and a copper-clad layer. The dielectric plate has three layers: a first dielectric plate 4, a second dielectric plate 5, and a third dielectric plate 6. The dielectric plate is FR4 and has a copper-clad top surface. The conductor pins of the SMA connector are connected to the microstrip balun feeding structure under the second dielectric plate for coupling and feeding. The reflector has four through holes for support columns, and only the top surface is copper-clad.

[0038] The microstrip balun feed consists of a microstrip line, 1 / 4 wavelength λ g Open line and a 1 / 4 wavelength λ g The short-circuit slot is printed on the back of the printed dipole, and the microstrip line part is connected to the conductor pin of the SMA interface. The microstrip balun feeding using this structure can not only balance the current, but also expand the antenna bandwidth through coupled feeding and adjust the antenna radiation resistance to achieve good matching;

[0039] The patch parasitic unit is divided into two parts. One part is a vertically placed vertical patch parasitic unit 7. Its radiation principle is to transfer energy to the parasitic unit structure through the coupling excitation of the electric arm gap of the printed dipole. The vertically placed vertical patch parasitic unit is a quarter wavelength away from the printed dipole and is symmetrical about the printed dipole.

[0040] The other part is a horizontally placed parasitic unit, including a first horizontal patch parasitic unit 1, a second horizontal patch parasitic unit 2, and a third horizontal patch parasitic unit 3. It adopts a director structure similar to that of a Yagi antenna and transfers energy by coupling with the printed dipole slits, thereby improving the gain. This parasitic unit is located directly above the printed dipole. By selecting the length and adjusting the position from the printed dipole, the antenna gain can be increased by more than 0.5dBi.

[0041] In this embodiment, the metasurface structure can be constructed using different metasurface compositions to observe the surface current distribution in different compositions. Characteristic mode analysis can also be performed using CST software. Characteristic mode analysis analyzes the radiation and scattering characteristics of the metasurface at different frequencies, reflecting the radiator's radiation capability at the corresponding frequency. Based on different excitation modes, appropriate feed positions are selected to stimulate the corresponding modes and achieve optimal radiation characteristics.

[0042] In this embodiment, the metasurface structure 10 is composed of a 3x4 matrix of patches, attached to the surface of the third dielectric plate 6 and secured above the printed dipole via support posts 8. Each patch in the metasurface is spaced a fixed distance apart, with equal spacing horizontally and vertically. The metasurface structure can focus the radiated beam, altering the field distribution above the antenna and thereby improving antenna gain.

[0043] In this embodiment, only the top surface of the bottom reflector requires full copper cladding, and holes are drilled in the locations where the support pillars are fixed. The second dielectric layer is the printed dipole and patch parasitic unit, and the third dielectric layer is attached to the metasurface structure. The support pillars extend through the first, second, and third dielectric layers.

[0044] In this embodiment, the number of support columns is 4 and the number of dielectric plates is 3. All three dielectric plates need to be punched with holes to facilitate screwing into the support columns.

[0045] In this embodiment, the sizes of the three reflectors are 80mm*50mm*1mm, 130mm*65mm*1.6mm, and 150mm*90mm*1.6mm respectively; the support column is a cylinder with a radius of 2mm and a height of 16.6mm; the size of the vertical patch parasitic unit is a rectangle of 2mm*50mm, which is symmetrical about the dipole; the sizes of the horizontal patch parasitic units from top to bottom are 19mm*1mm, 19mm*1mm, and 20mm*1mm respectively; the printed dipole The arm length is 30.6mm, the arm width is 13mm, the height from the bottom is 32mm, the width of the middle slit is 3mm, and the height of the connection below the slit is 0.9mm; the size of the microstrip balun feed is a quarter-wavelength open line, a quarter-wavelength short-circuit slot line and a microstrip line. The size of the microstrip line is 3.9mm*12mm, and the width of the quarter-wavelength open line is 2mm; the metasurface structure is composed of 3*4 patches, the size of each patch is 8mm*8mm, and the distance between the two patches is 1mm.

[0046] like Figure 3-Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment conducts a specific simulation experiment to obtain a corresponding curve diagram, such as Figure 3 As shown, the metasurface-loaded printed dipole antenna of this embodiment has three resonant frequencies, namely 2.36 GHz, 2.65 GHz, and 3.05 GHz, and the reflection coefficients are S(1,1)=-42.50 dB, -25.74 dB, and -44.76 dB, respectively;

[0047] like Figure 4 As shown, the maximum gain of the antenna provided in this embodiment is 8.12 dBi, the frequency at this time is 2.38 GHz, and the gain at 2.45 GHz is 8.01 dBi.

[0048] like Figure 5-Figure 6 As shown in FIG, the relationship between the E-plane and H-plane gains and theta and phi of the printed dipole antenna loaded with the metasurface of this embodiment at 2.45 GHz, wherein the half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of the E-plane at 2.45 GHz is approximately 89°, and the HPBW of the H-plane is 54°.

[0049] like Figure 7 As shown in FIG. 1 , the relationship between the standing wave ratio of the antenna provided in this embodiment and the frequency is such that the range of VSWR<2 is 2.13 GHz-3.22 GHz.

[0050] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered as equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A printed dipole antenna loaded with a metasurface, characterized in that: include: Printed dipoles, reflectors, patch parasitic elements, metasurface structures, microstrip balun feeds, and support posts; The reflector includes a dielectric plate and a copper clad layer, wherein the copper clad layer is provided on the top surface of the first dielectric plate, and the dielectric plate includes a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate and a third dielectric plate; The first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate are connected via support columns; The printed dipole and patch parasitic unit are arranged on the second dielectric board; The metasurface structure is provided on the surface of the third dielectric plate and is fixed above the printed dipole via support columns; The microstrip balun feed includes a microstrip line, a quarter-wavelength open line and a quarter-wavelength short-circuit slot line. The microstrip balun feed is provided on the back of the printed dipole, and the microstrip line is used to connect to the conductor pin of the SMA interface; The patch parasitic unit includes a vertical patch parasitic unit and a horizontal patch parasitic unit; The vertical patch parasitic units are arranged on the left and right sides of the printed dipole and are symmetrically arranged; The horizontal patch parasitic unit is arranged directly above the printed dipole.

2. The printed dipole antenna loaded with a metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical patch parasitic unit is located at a distance of one quarter of a wavelength from the printed dipole.

3. The printed dipole antenna loaded with a metasurface according to claim 1, wherein: The horizontal patch parasitic unit includes a first horizontal patch parasitic unit, a second horizontal patch parasitic unit and a third horizontal patch parasitic unit, and the first horizontal patch parasitic unit, the second horizontal patch parasitic unit and the third horizontal patch parasitic unit are arranged in parallel.

4. The printed dipole antenna loaded with a metasurface according to claim 1, wherein: The metasurface structure is formed by arranging matrix patches, and the intervals between each matrix patch are fixed and the horizontal and vertical intervals are equal.

5. The printed dipole antenna loaded with a metasurface according to claim 4, characterized in that: The matrix patch adopts a 3*4 matrix structure.

6. The metasurface-loaded printed dipole antenna according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The size of each patch in the matrix patch is 8mm*8mm, and the distance between each two patches is 1mm.

7. The metasurface-loaded printed dipole antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The sizes of the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate are 80mm*50mm*1mm, 130mm*65mm*1.6mm and 150mm*90mm*1.6mm respectively.

8. The metasurface-loaded printed dipole antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The size of the vertical patch parasitic unit is a 2mm*50mm rectangle, and the sizes of the horizontal patch parasitic units are 19mm*1mm, 19mm*1mm, and 20mm*1mm respectively.

9. The metasurface-loaded printed dipole antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The printed dipole has an arm length of 30.6 mm, an arm width of 13 mm, a height from the bottom surface of 32 mm, a middle slit width of 3 mm, and a height of the connection below the slit of 0.9 mm.

10. The metasurface-loaded printed dipole antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The dielectric board is made of FR4 board.

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