A test system for the safety of hydrogen fuel cell power generation system

Abstract

The embodiment of the present invention discloses a test system for the safety of a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, the system comprising: a battery support for supporting a battery fixture; a battery sample as a test object, fixed by a battery fixture; an impactor ejection device, placed at a first set distance from the battery sample, for ejecting an impactor in a direction perpendicular to the battery plate; an impactor velocimeter for monitoring the speed of the impactor during the ejection process after ejecting from the impactor ejection port; a first camera, placed at a second set distance from the battery sample, for recording a phenomenon that occurs in the battery sample after the impactor penetrates the battery sample, the phenomenon being used to evaluate the safety level of the battery sample when it is shot by an impactor. By adopting the above technical solution, it is possible to truly simulate the test condition in which the impactor first penetrates the protective steel plate and then is embedded in the battery, and the test results produced have good distinguishability and repeatability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, and in particular to a safety test system for a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cells have the advantages of high power generation efficiency, high energy density, low noise and no pollution, and are widely used in electric equipment, mobile power stations, portable power sources and other fields. As the energy density becomes higher and the capacity becomes larger, the safety of hydrogen fuel cells is also increasingly concerned by people. Therefore, it is particularly important to construct a safety evaluation method for hydrogen fuel cell power generation systems when they are fired, so as to guide the safety design of batteries and select safe batteries suitable for battlefields.

[0003] At present, the current national standards mainly include four test methods for testing battery safety through physical damage: drop, vibration, extrusion or needle puncture. These four test methods play an important role in their respective application fields, but they cannot effectively simulate the test conditions of high-speed impact or destruction of batteries when they are shot, and thus cannot fully and accurately evaluate the safety of batteries when they are shot. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a test system for the safety of a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, which can truly simulate a test condition in which an impactor first penetrates a protective steel plate and then is embedded in a battery, accurately evaluate the safety of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, and the test results generated have good distinguishability and repeatability.

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a safety test system for a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, the system comprising:

[0006] The shot unit, the shooting unit, the monitoring unit, the network camera, the communication unit and the main control unit; wherein the shot unit includes: a battery bracket, a power generation system fixing device and a battery sample; the shooting unit includes: an impactor ejection device, a bracket supporting the impactor ejection device and an impactor; the monitoring unit includes: a first camera and an impactor speed meter; wherein,

[0007] The battery bracket is used to support the battery clamp;

[0008] The battery sample is used as a test object and is fixed by the battery fixture;

[0009] The main control unit is connected to the network camera through the communication unit, and is used to send a control signal to the network camera;

[0010] The network camera is used to adjust parameters according to the control signal, collect video data based on the adjusted parameters, and send the collected video data to the main control unit;

[0011] The impactor ejection device is placed at a first set distance from the battery sample and is used to eject the impactor in a direction perpendicular to the battery plate; the impactor velocity meter is used to monitor the velocity of the impactor during the ejection process after ejecting from the impactor ejection port;

[0012] The first camera is placed at a second set distance from the battery sample, and is used to record phenomena occurring in the battery sample after the impactor penetrates the battery sample, and the phenomena are used to evaluate the safety level of the battery sample when it is hit by the impactor;

[0013] Among them, the phenomena that occur in the battery sample after being hit by the impactor include one or more of the following:

[0014] The battery surface is perforated by impact objects, the internal structure is changed, the battery leaks gas or liquid, the gas or liquid is toxic, an open flame occurs, and an explosion occurs after the open flame occurs;

[0015] The frame structure of the power generation system fixing device is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped frame structure, the interior of which is used to accommodate the battery sample; the rectangular parallelepiped frame structure is composed of the following components;

[0016] Four support columns for connecting the top and bottom of the cuboid, two first telescopic beams located at the top of the cuboid and arranged opposite to each other, two second telescopic beams located at the top of the cuboid and arranged opposite to each other, four top L-shaped connectors for connecting the first telescopic beams and the second telescopic beams at the top, two first telescopic beams located at the bottom of the cuboid and arranged opposite to each other, two second telescopic beams located at the bottom of the cuboid and arranged opposite to each other, and four bottom L-shaped connectors for connecting the first telescopic beams and the second telescopic beams at the bottom;

[0017] Among them, each top L-shaped connector and each bottom L-shaped connector are hollow tubular structures, respectively located at the four corners of the top and bottom of the rectangular parallelepiped, and are used to insert the first telescopic beam and the second telescopic beam to adjust the size of the rectangular parallelepiped frame; the top end of each support column is connected to the corner of the top L-shaped connector; the bottom end of each support column is connected to the corner of the bottom L-shaped connector;

[0018] A rectangular baffle is installed on the side of the rectangular parallelepiped frame structure, and the side is the incident surface of the impact object.

[0019] Optionally, the test system further includes:

[0020] A second camera is placed at a third set distance from the battery sample, and is used to record changes in the battery during the entire process from the start of the test to the end of the test;

[0021] The change phenomena include one or more of the following: being hit by an impact object, battery falling, liquid leakage, smoking, burning, explosion, color of leaked liquid, changes in the liquid and the bracket after contact, color of smoke, diffusion range, color of flame, shape of flame, diameter of fireball, length of flame and the number of fragments after explosion.

[0022] Optionally, the test system further includes: six thermocouples for detecting temperature changes of the battery sample at different times after being hit by an impactor;

[0023] Among them, the first measuring point corresponding to the first thermocouple is arranged on the incident surface of the impactor, 3 cm away from the geometric center of the battery; the second measuring point corresponding to the second thermocouple is arranged on the exit surface of the impactor, 3 cm away from the geometric center of the battery; the third measuring point corresponding to the third thermocouple is arranged at the battery leakage valve; the fourth measuring point corresponding to the fourth thermocouple is arranged 12 cm directly above the battery; the fifth measuring point corresponding to the fifth thermocouple is arranged 18 cm directly above the battery; the sixth measuring point corresponding to the sixth thermocouple is arranged 30° to the left in front of the battery and 14 cm away from the battery.

[0024] Optionally, the test system further includes:

[0025] Infrared imager, the angle between the line connecting the infrared imager and the battery sample and the line connecting the impactor's emission direction and the battery sample is 45°.

[0026] Optionally, the number of the impactor velocimeters is two, namely a first impactor velocimeter and a second impactor velocimeter arranged front and back along the impactor launching direction;

[0027] The distance between the first impactor velocity meter and the second impactor velocity meter is 1 meter;

[0028] The distance between the second impactor velocity meter and the impactor exit port is 1.5 meters;

[0029] The distance between the impactor exit port and the battery incident surface is 100 meters.

[0030] Optionally, the test system further includes:

[0031] The smoke tester is arranged at the fourth set distance from the battery sample. The angle formed by the line connecting the two points of the smoke tester and the battery sample and the line connecting the two points of the impactor and the battery sample is 60°. The smoke tester is used to detect whether the battery sample produces smoke when it is hit by the impactor, so as to determine the safety level of the battery sample when it is hit by the impactor.

[0032] Optionally, the smoke tester is further used to test smoke concentration, opacity, average particle diameter and particle composition after the battery sample generates smoke, so as to determine the degree of damage to the battery sample.

[0033] Optionally, an angle formed by a line connecting two points of the first camera and the battery and a line connecting two points of the impactor exit and the battery is 70°.

[0034] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention provides a battery safety test system, which includes a shot unit, a shooting unit and a monitoring unit; wherein the shot unit includes: a battery holder, a battery fixture and a battery sample; the shooting unit includes: an impactor ejection device, a holder supporting the impactor ejection device and an impactor; and the monitoring unit includes a first camera and an impactor velocity meter. Among them, the battery holder is used to support the battery fixture; the battery sample is used as a test object and is fixed by the battery fixture; the impactor ejection device is placed at a first set distance from the battery sample and is used to launch the impactor in a direction perpendicular to the battery plate; the impactor velocity meter is used to monitor the speed of the impactor during the launch process; the first camera is placed at a second set distance from the battery sample and is used to record the phenomenon of the battery sample after the impactor penetrates the battery sample. The system can realistically simulate the situation where the impactor first penetrates the steel plate used to protect the battery and then is embedded in the battery. By recording the phenomenon of the battery sample after the impactor penetrates the battery sample, the phenomenon can be used to evaluate the safety level of the battery sample when it is shot by the impactor, so that the test results generated have good repeatability and distinguishability.

[0035] The invention points of the present invention include:

[0036] 1. Construct a battery safety test system, which includes a shot unit, a shooting unit and a monitoring unit, wherein the shot unit includes: a battery holder, a battery clamp and a battery sample; the shooting unit includes: an impactor ejecting device, a holder supporting the impactor ejecting device and an impactor; the monitoring unit includes: a first camera and an impactor velocimeter; wherein the battery holder is used to support the battery clamp; the battery sample is used as a test object and is fixed by the battery clamp; the impactor ejecting device is placed at a first set distance from the battery sample and is used to launch an impactor in a direction perpendicular to the battery plate; the impactor velocimeter is used to monitor the speed of the impactor during the launching process; the first camera is placed at a second set distance from the battery sample and is used to record the phenomenon occurring in the battery sample after the impactor penetrates the battery sample, and the phenomenon is used to evaluate the safety level of the battery sample when it is shot by the impactor. The above-mentioned test system can realistically simulate the situation where an impactor first penetrates the steel plate used to protect the battery and then embeds into the battery, and effectively simulates the test condition where the battery is hit or destroyed at high speed when hit by an impactor. According to the test results, the safety of the battery when hit by an impactor can be accurately evaluated, which is one of the inventive points of the present invention.

[0037] 2. An embodiment of the present invention provides a battery clamp, which is mainly composed of an upper frame, a bottom frame, a front baffle, front, rear, left and right retractable beams, support columns and a hydrogen tank protection box (with a gas pipeline connection port). There are intervals between the frames for accommodating the battery samples; the retractable crossbeams can clamp and fix the upper frame, the bottom frame, the battery sample and the front baffle by changing the length of the frame; the front baffle is welded in front of the frame to encapsulate the battery sample inside the battery clamp. By adopting this clamp, it can be ensured that the battery will not fall when it is shot. At the same time, in order to make the clamp have good versatility for batteries of different shapes, it is helpful to realistically simulate the situation where the impactor first penetrates the steel plate used to protect the battery and then is embedded in the battery. This is one of the inventive points of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0039] Figure 1a A structural diagram of a fixing device for a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 1b A structural design diagram of a high-pressure hydrogen tank protection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 1c A schematic diagram of the overall layout of a site provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2a A schematic diagram of a battery safety test system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2b A schematic diagram of a video monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 A flowchart of a battery safety test method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 A temperature measurement point layout diagram of a temperature sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] It should be noted that the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0048] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention mainly evaluates the safety of the battery by analyzing the phenomena exhibited by the battery after being hit by an impact object. Since the battery may have open fire, explosion and other phenomena when being hit by an impact object, the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention requires the preparation of a safe and reliable test site in advance.

[0049] See also Figure 1c . Figure 1c This is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the site provided by the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1cAs shown in the figure, the site is divided into a monitoring room, a warning area, a danger zone, a test area, and an emergency handling area. The impact test is a destructive test. Therefore, the test personnel should keep a safe distance from the test object and the test device, and the entire test process is remotely controlled in the monitoring room. The test personnel can observe and monitor in the monitoring room, and can also operate the trigger switch of the monitoring instrument; the warning area is the location where the operator of the impactor ejection device performs the impact. Except for the operator, no other personnel are allowed to move in the area; the danger zone refers to the area around the battery. After being hit by the impactor, the battery's own fragments and the impactor fragments will splash around. No equipment can be placed in this area, and no personnel can be stranded; the test area is the area where the impactor ejects the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, which is mainly used to place the test monitoring unit (infrared imager, temperature sensor, high-speed camera, digital camera and thermocouple, etc.), the ejected unit (battery bracket, battery fixture, battery sample) and the firing unit (impactor, impactor ejection device and the bracket supporting the impactor ejection device).

[0050] In addition, a safety fireproof and bulletproof wall is installed on the periphery of the site to prevent impact objects from flying out of the site and increasing safety hazards. A safety hole is set behind the shot battery. One is to prevent the impact object from flying into the hole when the impact object ejection device is calibrated to increase environmental safety; the other is to place the tested batteries in the hole to prevent secondary combustion or explosion. The safety hole is a circular roofless reinforced concrete building, capped with a 15×15 steel grid. There is an observation window facing the control room end of the safety hole, which is also blocked by a 15×15 steel grid. Fire-fighting equipment is installed in the emergency accident handling area, mainly to extinguish the fire source of the battery and its explosion fragments. This test system can realistically simulate the process of a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system being hit by an impact object, especially it can simulate the test condition where the impact object first penetrates the protective steel plate and then is embedded in the battery. For details, please refer to Figure 2a .

[0051] Figure 2a A schematic diagram of a battery safety test system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2a As shown, the test system provided in this embodiment specifically includes: a shot unit, a shooting unit, a monitoring unit, a network camera, a communication unit and a main control unit ( Figure 2a Not shown); wherein the shot unit comprises: an explosion-proof hole 1, a battery clamp ( Figure 2a Not shown) and a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system 2; a shooting unit, comprising: an impactor ejection device 7, a bracket 8 supporting the impactor ejection device and an impactor ( Figure 2a The monitoring unit includes a first camera 4 and an impactor speed meter 6; wherein,

[0052] A battery bracket 1, used for supporting the battery fixture;

[0053] Battery sample 2 is used as the test object and fixed by a battery fixture, wherein the test object is a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system; a hydrogen fuel cell is contained inside the battery, and the safety level of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system when it is hit by an impactor is evaluated by recording the phenomenon of the battery after the impactor penetrates the hydrogen fuel cell;

[0054] The impactor ejection device 7 is placed at a first set distance from the battery sample 2 and is used to eject the impactor in a direction perpendicular to the battery plate; the impactor velocity meter 6 is used to monitor the velocity of the impactor during the ejection process after the impactor is ejected from the ejection port of the impactor ejection device 7;

[0055] The first camera 4 is placed at a second set distance from the battery sample 2 and is used to record phenomena occurring in the battery sample 2 after the impactor penetrates the battery sample 2. The phenomena are used to evaluate the safety level of the battery sample 2 when it is hit by the impactor.

[0056] In this embodiment, the positions of each unit are preferably: the distance between the impactor outlet of the impactor outlet device 7 and the incident surface of the battery is 100 meters; the distance between the impactor outlet and the impactor velocity meter is 1.5 meters; the distance between the two rangefinders is 1 meter; the distance between the first camera and the battery is 2.5 meters, and the angle formed by the line connecting the first camera 4 and the battery 2 and the line connecting the impactor outlet and the battery is about 70°. In addition, the test system provided by this embodiment also includes a thermocouple 3, a pressure sensor 9, a smoke tester 10, a hydrogen concentration meter 11 and a network camera 13. Among them, the thermocouples are arranged on the incident surface, the exit surface and other positions of the battery, and are fixed firmly; the pressure sensor 9 is placed opposite to the battery sample to test the pressure change before and after the test. The angle formed by the line connecting the two points of the smoke tester 10 and the battery with the vertical direction is about 30°. The angle formed by the connection line between the hydrogen concentration meter and the battery sample and the connection line between the smoke tester and the battery sample is about 10°, the angle formed by the connection line between the network camera 13 and the battery 2 in the video monitoring system and the connection line between the hydrogen concentration meter 11 and the battery 2 is about 5°, and the wireless bridge is arranged on the wall; the main control computer is placed in the monitoring room to facilitate real-time monitoring by the test personnel. In addition, the test system provided in this embodiment also includes an infrared imager 5, and the angle between the connection line between the infrared imager 5 and the battery 2 and the connection line between the impact object and the battery 2 is 45°. In addition, the test system provided in this embodiment also includes a communication unit 14, which is used to realize wireless communication between the main control unit and the network camera 12. Among them, the communication unit can be a wireless bridge. In addition, the test system provided in this embodiment also includes a handheld infrared rangefinder 12 (non-fixed placement) for measuring and determining the relative positions between various devices.

[0057] In this embodiment, a video monitoring device is designed, which is mainly composed of a network camera, a communication unit and a main control unit. Figure 2b Schematic diagram of a video surveillance device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2b As shown, the main control unit is a computer and the communication unit is a wireless bridge. Wireless communication is achieved between the computer and the camera through the wireless bridge. The main control unit is used to send a control signal to the network camera; the network camera is used to adjust parameters according to the control signal and send the collected video data to the main control unit.

[0058] Specifically, the network camera allows users to control digital video signals and cameras through a 10M / 100M adaptive network structure, and can set and adjust camera parameters through network commands, and can remotely adjust the camera's focal length and control the camera's horizontal rotation and vertical movement. The network link used for video surveillance data and control transmission uses Winncam 2400 high-performance telecom-grade outdoor antenna integrated wireless bridge.

[0059] It should be noted that the placement of each unit in the test system provided in this embodiment can also be arbitrarily set according to empirical values, and this embodiment does not specifically limit this. The above test system can truly simulate the situation where the impactor first penetrates the steel plate used to protect the battery and then embeds into the battery, and effectively simulates the test condition where the battery is hit or destroyed at high speed when it is hit by an impactor. According to the test results, the safety of the battery when it is hit by an impactor can be accurately evaluated, which is one of the inventive points of the present invention.

[0060] In this embodiment, the first camera is a high-speed camera. Compared with ordinary cameras, high-speed cameras have faster continuous shooting speeds, which can reach dozens or even thousands of frames per second, and the resolution of each frame is higher than that of video cameras. In this embodiment, the basic condition for evaluating the battery safety level is that the impactor penetrates the battery or is embedded in the battery, and the main function of the high-speed camera is to prove that the impactor has indeed penetrated the battery or is embedded in the battery. In addition, during the test, some batteries may produce micro flames. It is not enough to view this phenomenon only through ordinary cameras. Therefore, it is necessary to use high-speed cameras to determine whether the micro flames are generated by the battery or the impactor.

[0061] In this embodiment, the battery sample, i.e. the object of the firing test, is a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, and the fuel is full, which is convenient for horizontal evaluation of the safety performance of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system. In terms of the state of charge, the power of the single cell and the module battery is 100%, 50%, and 0%, which is convenient for vertical evaluation of the safety performance of the same battery under different power conditions.

[0062] In order to ensure that the battery does not fall when it is shot, and to ensure that the clamp has good versatility for batteries of different shapes, this embodiment provides a battery clamp. The frame structure of the battery clamp is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped frame structure, and the rectangular parallelepiped frame structure is composed of the following components:

[0063] Four support columns for connecting the top and bottom of the cuboid, two first telescopic beams located at the top of the cuboid and arranged opposite to each other, two second telescopic beams located at the top of the cuboid and arranged opposite to each other, four top L-shaped connectors for connecting the first telescopic beams and the second telescopic beams at the top, two first telescopic beams located at the bottom of the cuboid and arranged opposite to each other, two second telescopic beams located at the bottom of the cuboid and arranged opposite to each other, and four bottom L-shaped connectors for connecting the first telescopic beams and the second telescopic beams at the bottom;

[0064] Among them, each top L-shaped connector and each bottom L-shaped connector are hollow structures, which are used to insert the first telescopic beam and the second telescopic beam to adjust the size of the rectangular frame; the top end of each support column is connected to the corner of the top L-shaped connector; the bottom end of each support column is connected to the corner of the bottom L-shaped connector.

[0065] Specifically, Figure 1a A structural diagram of a fixing device for a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 1b This is a structural design diagram of a high-pressure hydrogen tank protection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The high-pressure hydrogen tank protection device is a box structure with a small hole on the top of the box for the extension of the internal hydrogen transmission pipeline to connect the battery sample. Figure 1a As shown, the fixing device mainly consists of the following parts:

[0066] Four support columns for connecting the top and bottom of the cuboid, two first telescopic beams located on the top of the cuboid and arranged opposite to each other along the shooting direction of the impactor, respectively a first front telescopic beam and a first rear telescopic beam, a second telescopic beam located on the left side of the shooting direction of the impactor and on the top of the cuboid is a first left telescopic beam, a second telescopic beam located on the right side of the shooting direction of the impactor and on the top of the cuboid is a second right telescopic beam, and four top L-shaped connectors ( Figure 1aThe upper frame is shown in the middle), along the shooting direction of the impactor, the two first telescopic beams located at the bottom of the cuboid and arranged opposite to each other are respectively the second front telescopic beam and the second rear telescopic beam), the second telescopic beam located at the bottom of the cuboid and arranged opposite to each other on the left side of the shooting direction of the impactor is the second left telescopic beam, the second telescopic beam located at the bottom of the cuboid and arranged opposite to each other on the left side of the shooting direction of the impactor is the second right telescopic beam, and four bottom L-shaped connectors ( Figure 1a (represented as lower frame in the figure).

[0067] like Figure 1a As shown, each top L-shaped connector is a hollow tubular structure, located at the four corners of the top of the cuboid. For any top L-shaped connector, one end is used to insert the first telescopic beam located at the top of the cuboid, and the other end is used to insert the second telescopic beam located at the top of the cuboid; each bottom L-shaped connector is a hollow tubular structure, located at the four corners of the bottom of the cuboid. For any bottom L-shaped connector, one end is used to insert the first telescopic beam located at the bottom of the cuboid, and the other end is used to insert the second telescopic beam located at the bottom of the cuboid; the top end of each support column is connected to the corner of the top L-shaped connector; the bottom end of each support column is connected to the corner of the bottom L-shaped connector;

[0068] In addition, a rectangular baffle is installed on the side of the rectangular parallelepiped frame structure, and the side is the incident surface of the impact object.

[0069] In this embodiment, the front, rear, left and right retractable beams are adjusted in length through the telescopic effect between the beams and the frame to clamp the battery sample; after the clamp fixes the battery sample, the front baffle is welded to the front side of the clamp to encapsulate the battery sample inside the battery clamp.

[0070] Specifically, the retractable beam is made of high temperature resistant material with a frosted surface; the front baffle can be a 5mm thick Q235 steel plate, so that some energy is lost when passing through; the overall frame material is 45# steel with an unquenched hardness less than HRC28, so that it has good bending and can absorb some impact energy to avoid brittle cracking after impact. By adopting the above-mentioned clamp, it can be ensured that the battery will not fall when it is shot, and at the same time, the clamp has good versatility for batteries of different shapes, so as to help realistically simulate the situation where the impact object first penetrates the steel plate used to protect the battery and then is embedded in the battery, which is one of the inventive points of the present invention.

[0071] After the site and test system are arranged, the battery firing test can be started. This embodiment provides a test method that is highly operable and convenient for evaluating the safety of different hydrogen fuel cell power generation systems after being fired, and the test results produced have good repeatability and distinguishability. For details, please refer to Figure 3 .

[0072] Figure 3 A flowchart of a battery safety test method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, before the test actually starts, the battery can be charged according to the test regulations, and the impactor and impactor ejection device can be selected. After the selection is completed, the weather conditions need to be judged. If there is rain, snow or strong wind, the test ends. When the weather conditions are good, the test can continue.

[0073] Before the test, the integrity of each instrument must be checked, and the verified intact instruments must be placed in place and anti-collision glass must be installed. Then install the battery, baffle and sensor probe on the battery fixture. After the installation is completed, if it is determined that the battery has abnormal phenomena such as natural or explosion, the battery sample must be replaced, that is, the battery installation operation must be performed again. If no abnormal phenomenon occurs after the safety is completed, turn on the switches of monitoring instruments such as thermocouples, high-speed cameras, network cameras, wireless bridges, main control computers, infrared rangefinders, infrared imagers, smoke testers and pressure sensors for monitoring. The shooting personnel start the shooting operation after hiding. The specific shooting process can be: aiming at the geometric center of the battery for shooting (so that the impactor penetrates from the direction perpendicular to the battery plate, and the impactor shooting speed is not less than 750m / s). If the battery is not hit, the shooting operation is repeated; if the battery is hit, the test phenomenon is recorded, and after the data in each monitoring instrument no longer changes, the data in the monitoring instrument is exported, and the instrument switch is turned off. The test conclusions are drawn by analyzing the test phenomena and test data, such as the battery bulging size, the incident and exit hole diameters, etc.

[0074] In this embodiment, in order to facilitate the evaluation of the safety of the battery, the test phenomena that may occur after the battery is penetrated by an impact object can be used to divide the safety level from light to heavy into five levels: level 2 safety, level 1 safety, level 1 danger, level 2 danger and level 3 danger. The test phenomena corresponding to different safety levels are shown in Table 1 below. Combined with Table 1, the safety level of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system can be obtained through the test phenomena.

[0075] Table 1 Comparison table of safety level and test phenomenon

[0076]

[0077] The methods for judging the test phenomena are as follows: (1) If the battery is perforated by the impact object, it can be judged by naked eye observation. (2) If the internal structure of the battery is uneven or distorted, a gamma-ray cutting tool can be used to cut the battery along the direction of the impact object to observe the damage characteristics of the internal structure of the battery; (3) If there is gas leakage, the pre- and post-test weighing method, smoke tester or hydrogen concentration detector method can be used; (4) For open flames and explosions, a high-speed camera can be used for photo identification.

[0078] Specifically, for hydrogen fuel cell power generation systems, the safety level can be determined by using the following safety inspection methods:

[0079] If it is detected that no impact object perforates the surface of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, the safety level of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system is determined to be level 2 safety;

[0080] If it is detected that the surface of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system is perforated by an impact object, and it is detected that the internal structure of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system has not been changed, the safety level of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system is determined to be level one safety;

[0081] If a perforation of the surface of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system is detected by an impact object, and a gas leakage phenomenon is detected in the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, the safety level of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system is determined to be level one danger;

[0082] If a perforation of the surface of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system is detected by an impact object and an open flame is detected, the safety level of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system is determined to be level 2 danger;

[0083] If it is detected that the impact object perforates the surface of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, and an open flame and explosion are detected, the safety level of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system is determined to be level 3 danger. Based on the above embodiment, when evaluating the safety of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system in the impact test, the test phenomenon test method, the battery temperature test method and the smoke test method can also be used. Each method is introduced in detail below.

[0084] Among them, regarding the test phenomenon test method, specifically, a second camera, i.e., a digital camera, is used to record the test phenomenon, and the safety level of the battery is determined by analyzing the test phenomenon. On the basis of the above embodiment, the test system provided by the embodiment of the present invention also includes a second camera (not shown in the figure), which is placed at a third set distance from the battery sample, and is used to record the change phenomenon of the battery during the whole process from the start of the test to the end of the test. Among them, the second camera can be a digital camera, and the third set distance can be 2.5 meters. The digital camera mainly records the whole process of the shooting test, which may include being hit by an impactor, whether the impactor perforates the surface of the battery, the battery falling, leaking, smoking, burning, exploding, the color of the leaked liquid, the changes of the liquid and the bracket after contact, the color of the smoke, the diffusion range, the color of the flame, the shape of the flame, the diameter of the fireball, the length of the flame, the explosion power and the number of fragments after the explosion, etc.

[0085] Among them, regarding the battery temperature testing method, the present embodiment adopts the test using thermocouples. On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, the temperature sensor provided in the embodiment of the present invention is a thermocouple. The present embodiment adopts six thermocouples to detect the temperature changes of the battery sample at different times after being hit by an impact object. The temperature index detected by the temperature sensor and the above-mentioned test phenomenon can be used as a standard for evaluating the safety of the battery. Specifically, using the detected temperature index, the batteries within the same safety level can be further classified in detail, that is, the safety level of the battery can be roughly divided according to the test phenomenon, and then the safety level of the battery can be finely divided according to the temperature index. The temperature index and the test phenomenon are interdependent and mutually confirmed, so that the test results have good distinguishability, which is one of the inventive points of the present invention. Among them, the temperature sensor provided in the present embodiment can preferably be a K-row temperature sensor. For the layout diagram of the detection points of the temperature sensor, please refer to Figure 4 .

[0086] like Figure 4As shown, the first measuring point a corresponding to the first thermocouple is arranged on the incident surface of the impactor, 3 cm away from the geometric center of the battery; the second measuring point b corresponding to the second thermocouple is arranged on the exit surface of the impactor, 3 cm away from the geometric center of the battery; the third measuring point c corresponding to the third thermocouple is arranged at the battery leakage valve; the fourth measuring point d corresponding to the fourth thermocouple is arranged 12 cm above the battery, because according to the test data, 12 cm is the flame core of the large battery flame jet and the outer flame of the small battery flame jet. The fifth measuring point e corresponding to the fifth thermocouple is arranged 18 cm above the battery, because according to the test data, 18 cm is the outer flame of the large battery flame jet; the sixth measuring point f corresponding to the sixth thermocouple is arranged 30° to the left of the front of the battery and 14 cm away from the battery. This is because according to the test data, 14 cm is the outer flame of the flame jet of most battery bullet holes.

[0087] In this embodiment, the contents that can be analyzed by thermocouples include: temperature curve trend, injection point temperature, ignition point temperature, temperature rise period, temperature stable period, temperature drop period, duration of different temperature stages, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and average temperature.

[0088] Among them, regarding the smoke test method, the smoke tester provided in this embodiment is used to test the smoke concentration, opacity, average particle diameter, and particle composition displayed in the smoke tester after the battery produces smoke and smoke. Specifically, the moment when the impactor enters the battery can be used as the test zero point, and the moment when the data of each indicator remains constant can be used as the test end point. The acquisition frequency of the smoke tester is 1 time / second, and curves can be drawn for the above four indicators. By comparing the highest point, lowest point, curve trend, curve rise and decrease rate of the four indicator curves of different batteries, the degree of battery damage can be obtained. It is particularly pointed out that in order to ensure the accuracy of the numerical value of the smoke tester, the test must be carried out under the conditions of no rain, snow, wind and clear weather.

[0089] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, in order to increase the integrity of the parameters of the shooting test object, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a size measurement method, which mainly includes the following three aspects:

[0090] (1) Use a ruler to measure the length, width, height and other dimensions of the battery.

[0091] (2) Use an infrared rangefinder to measure the size of the image exported by the field test instrument, and then calculate it according to the corresponding relationship of the scale. Specifically, the infrared rangefinder can measure the flame size and smoke diffusion range in the video image, and calculate the theoretical values ​​of parameters such as flame length and smoke diffusion range according to the scale.

[0092] (3) The indirect measurement method is used to measure the size of the impact hole and the exit hole of the battery. First, methyl red and tannic acid reagents are applied to the outer edge of the bullet hole, and then the print is printed on rice paper. After the print on the rice paper is dry, the size of the largest outer edge of the print is measured with a vernier caliper.

[0093] This embodiment is set up in this way, and more detailed indicators under the safety level can be obtained, such as smoke diffusion range and flame length, etc. These indicators can be used to rank the dangerousness of batteries of the same safety level, so as to meet the adaptability requirements of different application scenarios, which is one of the inventive points of the present invention. For example: two batteries were subjected to a shooting test. For user A, he only needs to know the safety level of the battery, so he does not need to measure subtle parameters such as flame length, and only needs to observe the phenomenon to judge the level; for user B, he wants to know which battery is safer, so he needs to compare subtle parameters such as smoke diffusion range and flame length.

[0094] On the basis of the above embodiments, in order to facilitate the analysis of the test phenomenon, the data during the test process can be recorded. Specifically, the following data can be recorded: basic parameters of the battery (battery number, battery type, battery capacity, battery power and battery manufacturer), test conditions (battery serial number, penetration baffle thickness, tungsten steel plate thickness, shooting distance, impactor type, impactor speed), meteorological conditions (atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, wind direction and weather conditions), test phenomena during the test, battery surface temperature, battery surface maximum temperature and average temperature, battery bullet hole size and test conclusions, etc.

[0095] The technical solution provided in this embodiment provides a battery safety test system, which includes a shot unit, a shooting unit and a monitoring unit; wherein the shot unit includes: a battery holder, a battery fixture and a battery sample; the shooting unit includes: an impactor ejection device, a bracket supporting the impactor ejection device and an impactor; and the monitoring unit includes a first camera and an impactor velocimeter. Among them, the battery holder is used to support the battery fixture; the battery sample is used as a test object and is fixed by the battery fixture; the impactor ejection device is placed at a first set distance from the battery sample and is used to launch the impactor in a direction perpendicular to the battery plate; the impactor velocimeter is used to monitor the speed of the impactor during the launch process; the first camera is placed at a second set distance from the battery sample and is used to record the phenomenon of the battery sample after the impactor penetrates the battery sample. The system can realistically simulate the situation where the impactor first penetrates the steel plate used to protect the battery and then is embedded in the battery. By recording the phenomenon of the battery sample after the impactor penetrates the battery sample, the phenomenon can be used to evaluate the safety level of the battery sample when it is shot by the impactor, so that the test results generated have good repeatability and distinguishability.

[0096] The battery safety test system disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is introduced in detail above. The principle and implementation mode of the present invention are explained in this article by using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation mode and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A test system for the safety of a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, characterized in that: include: The shot unit, the shooting unit, the monitoring unit, the network camera, the communication unit and the main control unit; wherein the shot unit includes: a battery bracket, a power generation system fixing device and a battery sample; the shooting unit includes: an impactor ejection device, a bracket supporting the impactor ejection device and an impactor; the monitoring unit includes: a first camera and an impactor speed meter; wherein, The battery bracket is used to support the battery clamp; The battery sample is used as a test object and is fixed by the battery fixture; The main control unit is connected to the network camera through the communication unit, and is used to send a control signal to the network camera; The network camera is used to adjust parameters according to the control signal, collect video data based on the adjusted parameters, and send the collected video data to the main control unit; The impactor ejection device is placed at a first set distance from the battery sample and is used to eject the impactor in a direction perpendicular to the battery plate; the impactor velocimeter is used to monitor the speed of the impactor during the ejection process; The first camera is placed at a second set distance from the battery sample, and is used to record phenomena occurring in the battery sample after the impactor penetrates the battery sample, and the phenomena are used to evaluate the safety level of the battery sample when it is hit by the impactor; Among them, the phenomena that occur in the battery sample after being hit by the impactor include one or more of the following: The battery surface is perforated by impact objects, the internal structure is changed, the battery leaks gas or liquid, the gas or liquid is toxic, an open flame occurs, and an explosion occurs after the open flame occurs; The frame structure of the power generation system fixing device is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped frame structure, the interior of which is used to accommodate the battery sample; the rectangular parallelepiped frame structure is composed of the following components; Four support columns for connecting the top and bottom of the cuboid, two first telescopic beams located at the top of the cuboid and arranged opposite to each other, two second telescopic beams located at the top of the cuboid and arranged opposite to each other, four top L-shaped connectors for connecting the first telescopic beams and the second telescopic beams at the top, two first telescopic beams located at the bottom of the cuboid and arranged opposite to each other, two second telescopic beams located at the bottom of the cuboid and arranged opposite to each other, and four bottom L-shaped connectors for connecting the first telescopic beams and the second telescopic beams at the bottom; Among them, each top L-shaped connector and each bottom L-shaped connector are hollow tubular structures, respectively located at the four corners of the top and bottom of the rectangular parallelepiped, and are used to insert the first telescopic beam and the second telescopic beam to adjust the size of the rectangular parallelepiped frame; the top end of each support column is connected to the corner of the top L-shaped connector; the bottom end of each support column is connected to the corner of the bottom L-shaped connector; A rectangular baffle is installed on the side of the rectangular parallelepiped frame structure, and the side is the incident surface of the impact object; The test system also includes: The smoke tester is arranged at a fourth set distance from the battery sample, and the angle formed by the line connecting the two points of the smoke tester and the battery sample and the line connecting the impactor outlet and the two points of the battery sample is 60°. The smoke tester is used to detect whether the battery sample generates smoke when it is hit by the impactor, so as to determine the safety level of the battery sample when it is hit by the impactor; The smoke tester is also used to test the index data displayed in the smoke tester after the battery produces smoke and smoke, so as to determine the degree of loss of the battery sample, wherein the index data includes smoke concentration, opacity, average particle diameter and particle composition. The degree of loss of the battery sample is determined by the following method: The moment when the impact object enters the battery is taken as the test zero point, and the moment when the above index data remain constant is taken as the test end point. The collection frequency of the smoke meter is 1 time / second. The damage degree of the battery is obtained by drawing a curve for the above index data and comparing the highest point, lowest point, curve trend, and curve rise and decrease rate of each index curve of different batteries; The test system also includes: Six thermocouples are used to detect the temperature changes of the battery sample at different times after being hit by an impactor, and to further classify the batteries within the same safety level using the detected temperature index, that is, to roughly classify the safety level of the battery according to the test phenomenon, and then to finely classify the safety level of the battery according to the temperature index; Among them, the first measuring point corresponding to the first thermocouple is arranged on the incident surface of the impactor, 3 cm away from the geometric center of the battery; the second measuring point corresponding to the second thermocouple is arranged on the exit surface of the impactor, 3 cm away from the geometric center of the battery; the third measuring point corresponding to the third thermocouple is arranged at the battery leakage valve; the fourth measuring point corresponding to the fourth thermocouple is arranged 12 cm directly above the battery; the fifth measuring point corresponding to the fifth thermocouple is arranged 18 cm directly above the battery; the sixth measuring point corresponding to the sixth thermocouple is arranged 30° to the left in front of the battery and 14 cm away from the battery.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The test system also includes: A second camera is placed at a third set distance from the battery sample, and is used to record changes in the battery during the entire process from the start of the test to the end of the test; The change phenomena include one or more of the following: being hit by an impact object, battery falling, liquid leakage, smoking, burning, explosion, color of leaked liquid, changes in the liquid and the bracket after contact, color of smoke, diffusion range, color of flame, shape of flame, diameter of fireball, length of flame and the number of fragments after explosion.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that There are two impactor velocimeters, namely a first impactor velocimeter and a second impactor velocimeter arranged in front and behind the impactor launching direction; The distance between the first impactor velocity meter and the second impactor velocity meter is 1 meter; The distance between the second impactor velocity meter and the impactor exit port is 1.5 meters; The distance between the impactor exit port and the battery incident surface is 100 meters.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The rectangular baffle is made of tungsten steel alloy.

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