A Simulation Method for the Secondary Damage Effect of the Deflagration Reaction of an Active Shaped Charge Penetrator
Through the AUTODYN platform combined with numerical simulation of SPH and Lagrange algorithms, the deflagration reaction of active energy-concentrating invasion of the body is accurately simulated, solving the problem of inaccurate simulation in the existing technology, and achieving efficient secondary damage effect simulation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202111253379.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2021-10-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-01
- Estimated Expiration
- 2041-10-27
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to accurately simulate the deflagration reaction of active energy converging into the body, resulting in inaccurate simulation results of its secondary damage effect.
The nonlinear dynamic analysis software AUTODYN platform was used, combined with SPH and Lagrange algorithms, and numerical simulation of the active energy-concentration invasion body and steel-aluminum spacer target and TNT explosion reaction was simulated to simulate the secondary damage effect of the detonation reaction.
The secondary damage effect of active energy-concentrating penetrates the body is accurately simulated through a simplified simulation method, with an error of no more than 5%, providing support for further research on the deflagration reaction of active materials.
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Figure CN114239211B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of numerical simulation of shaped charge penetrators, and in particular to a simulation method for the secondary damage effect of the deflagration reaction of an active shaped charge penetrator. Background Art
[0002] The active shaped charge penetrator can penetrate the target with its own kinetic energy and produce a violent deflagration reaction during the process of penetrating or entering the target, showing a powerful aftereffect damage effect on the target. Usually, the active material of its liner (including the matrix material and the active filler) has strong inertness, but under strong impact, the matrix material will undergo a deflagration reaction with the active filler. Different from traditional energetic materials such as explosives and propellants, the active material has an obvious reaction delay characteristic. After being subjected to impact loading during the forming process, the active shaped charge penetrator is activated, but only local chemical reactions occur at some hot spots. These local chemical reactions need to cause the reaction of the surrounding active material through heat conduction and gradually cause the conversion of local chemical reactions to the overall deflagration reaction. However, the rate of heat conduction is significantly slower than the forming behavior of the active shaped charge penetrator, resulting in insignificant reactions during the forming process of the shaped charge penetrator, even during the movement and penetration process of the active shaped charge penetrator. Only after heat conduction causes the overall reaction and reaches the delay time of the active material, the active shaped charge penetrator will instantaneously undergo a violent deflagration reaction. Based on this characteristic, the active material model needs to consider the mechanical properties of the active material and the reaction energy release characteristics of the material, which makes the research on this deflagration reaction more complex.
[0003] Regarding the fact that the above-mentioned active shaped charge penetrator will undergo a violent deflagration reaction after a period of time under explosive loading, currently, domestic and foreign scholars generally have two methods for the numerical simulation of the deflagration reaction of the active shaped charge penetrator: one is not to consider the deflagration reaction of the active material and regard the active material as an inert material, and the Johnson-Cook material model is often used to describe it. However, since the active penetrator will be activated and react under strong dynamic loading conditions, this method cannot accurately describe the state of the active material. The other is to consider the deflagration reaction of the active material. Compared with traditional high-energy explosives, the chemical reaction duration is long and the combustion rate is slow when the active material releases chemical energy. The Powder Burn material model can well describe the reaction characteristics of the active material, but the parameter acquisition of the PowderBurn material model requires a large number of experiments and is difficult to obtain.
[0004] Generally speaking, in the prior art, the overall reaction of the active shaped charge penetrator is simulated, and the required parameters are relatively complex. At the same time, it cannot accurately reflect the secondary damage effect (deflagration reaction) of the active shaped charge penetrator. There is currently a lack of a simple and direct simulation method to accurately obtain the numerical value of the secondary damage effect of the shaped charge penetrator. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for simulating the secondary damage effect of the deflagration reaction of an active shaped charge penetrator. Based on the AUTODYN platform of nonlinear dynamics analysis software, through the numerical simulation study of the damage of an aluminum target with a prefabricated hole by the penetration of an active shaped charge penetrator into a steel-aluminum spaced target and the explosion reaction of TNT, the numerical value of the secondary damage effect of the shaped charge penetrator can be obtained more accurately.
[0006] A method for simulating the secondary damage effect of the deflagration reaction of an active shaped charge penetrator includes the following steps:
[0007] S1. Conduct a numerical simulation on the penetration of an active shaped charge penetrator into a steel-aluminum spaced target to obtain the size of the penetration hole of the active shaped charge penetrator on the aluminum plate;
[0008] S2. Conduct a numerical simulation on the explosion reaction of TNT acting on an equivalent aluminum target with a prefabricated hole to simulate the secondary damage effect of the deflagration reaction of the active shaped charge penetrator (the obtained damage effect numerical value includes the perforation area S); the size of the prefabricated hole is the size of the penetration hole obtained in step S1, and the size and material of the equivalent aluminum target are the same as those of the aluminum target in step S1.
[0009] Furthermore, the simulations in step S1 and step S2 are based on the AUTODYN platform of nonlinear dynamics analysis software.
[0010] Furthermore, in the numerical simulation of step S1, the shaped charge uses the SPH algorithm, and the steel-aluminum spaced target uses the Lagrange algorithm. According to the symmetry of the shaped charge and the target plate structure, a three-dimensional 1 / 4 or 1 / 2 simulation model is established; the SPH algorithm is a meshless Lagrangian numerical calculation method. In the process of discretizing the calculation domain, it does not require dividing elements, but solves through the particle integral equation with physical information. The SPH algorithm essentially belongs to the Lagrange algorithm, can effectively track the interface of materials, has no mesh entanglement in the calculation process, does not require setting erosion, and can simulate complex problems such as large deformation. Therefore, the present invention uses the SPH algorithm to simulate the forming process of the shaped charge penetrator.
[0011] Furthermore, in the numerical simulation of step S2, the explosive uses the SPH algorithm, and the aluminum target uses the Lagrange algorithm. According to the symmetry of the explosive and the aluminum target structure, a three-dimensional 1 / 4 or 1 / 2 simulation model is established.
[0012] During the simulation, in order to improve the calculation efficiency, it is preferably to establish a 1 / 4 simulation model, but a 1 / 2 model or a full model can also be established, which does not affect the final effect of the present invention.
[0013] Further, in the simulation of step S1, the parameters of the shaped charge penetrator that need to be set are: the wall thickness of the liner of the active shaped charge penetrator, the shape of the liner, the caliber of the shaped charge, the height of the main charge, the type of explosive, the initiation method, the material of the liner, the filler, and the standoff of the shaped charge.
[0014] Preferably, the parameters of the shaped charge penetrator in the simulation of step S1 are: the caliber of the shaped charge of the active shaped charge penetrator is 40 mm, the wall thickness of the liner is 0.12 times the caliber of the shaped charge, that is, 4.8 mm, the height of the main charge is 1.5 times the caliber of the shaped charge, that is, 60 mm, the type is modified B explosive, and the initiation method is center point initiation; the material of the liner is based on PTFE, and the filler includes one or more of Al, Mg, B, Zr, Pb, Cu, CuO, Bi2O3, and Fe2O3; the standoff of the shaped charge is 60 mm, and the standoff is the distance from the bottom section of the shaped charge to the target.
[0015] Further, in the simulation of step S1, the parameters of the steel-aluminum spaced target that need to be set are: the material of the steel plate and the material of the aluminum plate of the steel-aluminum spaced target, the distance between the steel plate and the aluminum plate, and the dimensions of the steel plate and the aluminum plate.
[0016] Preferably, the parameters of the steel-aluminum spaced target in the simulation of step S1 are: the steel plate material of the steel-aluminum spaced target is Q235 steel, with dimensions of 300 mm × 300 mm × 6 mm, the aluminum plate material is 6061 hard aluminum, with dimensions of 300 mm × 300 mm × 3 mm; the distance between the steel plate and the aluminum plate is 60 mm.
[0017] Further, the parameters of the TNT explosive that need to be set in the simulation of step S2 are: the shape of the TNT explosive is cylindrical, the radius of the cylindrical explosive, the length, the initiation method, and the position of the initiation point are set.
[0018] Preferably, the parameters of the TNT explosive in the simulation of step S2 are: the TNT explosive is cylindrical, the length is 10 mm, and the initiation method is center point initiation; the position of the initiation point is set to be 30 mm away from the equivalent aluminum target and projected onto the center of the equivalent aluminum target.
[0019] Further, the parameters of the equivalent aluminum target that need to be set in the simulation of step S2 are the material and dimensions of the equivalent aluminum target.
[0020] Preferably, the parameters of the equivalent aluminum target in the simulation of step S2 are: the material of the equivalent aluminum target is 6061 hard aluminum, and the dimensions are 300 mm × 300 mm × 3 mm.
[0021] The present invention also provides a verification method for the above simulation method, including the following steps:
[0022] a. Change the explosive mass m in the simulation of step S2 tnt, the perforation area S of the corresponding equivalent aluminum target is obtained, and the functional relationship between the perforation area S of the equivalent aluminum target and the explosive mass m is obtained by fitting. tnt The functional relationship;
[0023] b. Conduct an experiment on the active shaped charge penetrator acting on the steel-aluminum spaced target. The experimental conditions are the same as the simulation conditions in step S1, and the result of the perforation area S' of the aluminum target in the test is obtained.
[0024] c. Substitute the perforation area S of the aluminum target obtained in b into the functional relationship obtained in step a to obtain the corresponding explosive mass m. tnt , substitute it into step S2 for simulation calculation, compare S and S', and verify the correctness of the simulation method. If the error does not exceed 5%, it proves that the simulation method is correct.
[0025] Furthermore, in step b, the liner of the active shaped charge penetrator used in the experiment is prepared by a molding-sintering process. The shaped charge and the standoff tube are located directly above the front steel target and projected onto the center of the steel target.
[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0027] By simulating the penetration of the active shaped charge penetrator into the steel-aluminum spaced target, the size of the penetration hole caused to the aluminum plate is obtained. Then, the aluminum target with a penetration hole is used to equivalently replace the aftereffect aluminum target penetrated by the active shaped charge penetrator, and the damage of the active liner to the aftereffect aluminum target is successfully equivalent to the damage of TNT explosives with different masses to the aluminum target with a prefabricated hole. On this basis, the numerical value of the secondary damage effect of the shaped charge penetrator deflagration reaction can be accurately obtained through a simple simulation method, providing important support for further research on the deflagration reaction of active materials.
[0028] The present invention also provides a specific verification method for this simulation method. Through this verification method, experimental data is obtained and compared with the simulation results, successfully verifying the accuracy of the simulation method and making up for the deficiency of the prior art in simulating the secondary damage effect of the shaped charge penetrator deflagration reaction. Description of the Drawings
[0029] Figure 1 It is a numerical simulation diagram of the present invention for the active shaped charge penetrator to penetrate the steel-aluminum spaced target;
[0030] Figure 2 It is a numerical simulation diagram of the explosion reaction of TNT of the present invention acting on the equivalent aluminum target with a prefabricated hole;
[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the shaped charge of the present invention in the experiment;
[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the experimental layout of the present invention;
[0033] Figure 5 The figure shows the damage effect diagrams of the aluminum target in simulation and experiment. The left one is the simulation effect, and the right one is the experimental damage effect.
[0034] Description of the drawings: 1 - Modified B explosive, 2 - Simulated active liner, 3 - Steel plate, 4 - Aluminum plate, 5 - TNT, 6 - Equivalent aluminum target with prefabricated holes, 7 - Shaped charge, 71 - Detonator, 72 - Primer, 73 - Detonator support, 74 - Main charge (modified B explosive), 75 - Experimental active liner, 8 - Stand-off tube, 9 - Steel-aluminum spaced target, 10 - Support. Detailed implementation manners
[0035] The method of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the detailed implementation manners.
[0036] The simulation method and its verification method for the secondary damage effect of the deflagration reaction of the active shaped charge penetrator provided by the present invention include the following steps:
[0037] S1. Numerically simulate the penetration of the active shaped charge penetrator into the steel-aluminum spaced target to obtain the size of the penetration hole of the active shaped charge penetrator into the aluminum target. In this embodiment, the radius of the penetration hole is 5 mm.
[0038] The SPH algorithm is used for the shaped charge, and the Lagrange algorithm is used for the steel-aluminum spaced target. According to the symmetry of the shaped charge and the target plate structure, a three-dimensional 1 / 4 simulation model is established, as Figure 1 shown.
[0039] The wall thickness of the liner is 4.8 mm, the caliber of the shaped charge is 40 mm, the height of the main charge is 60 mm, the type is modified B explosive (a kind of amatol), and the initiation method is central point initiation;
[0040] The material of the steel plate is Q235 steel, with dimensions of 300 mm × 300 mm × 6 mm, and the material of the aluminum plate is 6061 hard aluminum, with dimensions of 300 mm × 300 mm × 3 mm;
[0041] The material of the simulated active liner is based on PTFE, and the filler is one or more of Al, Mg, B, Zr, Pb, Cu, CuO, Bi2O3, Fe2O3. In this embodiment, the volume ratio of PTFE:aluminum:iron oxide is 40%:40%:20%;
[0042] The distance between the steel plate and the aluminum plate is 60 mm;
[0043] The SPH particle size is 0.5;
[0044] The Lagrange mesh size is 1 mm;
[0045] The stand-off of the shaped charge is 60 mm.
[0046] The diameter of the perforation formed on the aluminum plate obtained through the above simulation is 27.3 mm.
[0047] S2. Conduct a numerical simulation on the equivalent aluminum target with a prefabricated hole under the action of the explosion reaction of TNT. The size of the prefabricated hole is the size of the perforation obtained in step S1, that is, the radius of the prefabricated hole in this embodiment is 27.3 mm. The size and material of the equivalent aluminum target are the same as those of the aluminum target in step S1, and it is used to simulate the secondary damage effect of the deflagration reaction of the shaped penetrator in the active step S1; the SPH algorithm is used for the explosive, and the Lagrange algorithm is used for the steel-aluminum spaced target. According to the symmetry of the explosive and the aluminum target structure, a 1 / 4 simulation model is established, as Figure 2 shown.
[0048] The TNT explosive is cylindrical, with a length of 10 mm, and the initiation method is central point initiation;
[0049] The material of the aluminum target is 6061 hard aluminum, with a size of 300 mm × 300 mm × 3 mm;
[0050] The SPH particle size is 0.5 mm;
[0051] The Lagrange grid size is 1 mm;
[0052] The failure model of the aluminum target material is Plastic strain, and the Plastic strain value is taken between 2 and 10. In this embodiment, the value is 5. By setting the failure model, the crack extension effect of the perforation of the aluminum target can be successfully simulated in the simulation, and this effect is similar to the actual perforation situation;
[0053] The position of the initiation point is 30 mm away from the aluminum target.
[0054] The verification method of the above simulation method is:
[0055] a. Change the explosive mass m tnt in the simulation of step S2, obtain the corresponding perforation area S of the equivalent aluminum target, and fit to obtain the functional relationship between the perforation area S of the equivalent aluminum target and the explosive mass m tnt ;
[0056] The perforation areas corresponding to different masses of explosives in this embodiment are shown in Table 1:
[0057] Table 1
[0058]
[0059] Based on the least squares method, the fitted functional relationship is:
[0060]
[0061] The correlation coefficient R-square of the fitting is 0.984, indicating a high fitting degree of the functional relationship.
[0062] b. Conduct an experiment on the action of an active shaped charge penetrator on a steel-aluminum spaced target to obtain the result of the perforation area S' of the aluminum target in the test; the experimental conditions and various data of the shaped charge are the same as those in the S1 simulation conditions. The liner of the active shaped charge penetrator used in the experiment is prepared by a molding-sintering process. The prepared shaped charge structure is as Figure 3 shown, including a detonator, primary explosive, detonator support, main charge (modified B explosive), and experimental active liner; the shaped charge and the standoff tube are located directly above the front steel plate and projected onto the center of the steel plate. The steel-aluminum spaced target is set on a bracket, and the experimental layout is as Figure 4 shown;
[0063] The liner used in the experiment is a PTFE-based active liner with a caliber of 40 mm and a wall thickness of 0.12CD; the liner material has PTFE as the matrix, and the filler is one or several of Al, Mg, B, Zr, Pb, Cu, CuO, Bi2O3, and Fe2O3. The liner in this experiment is the same as the simulation data in S1, and the volume ratio of PTFE:aluminum:iron oxide is 40%:40%:20%;
[0064] In the experiment: the caliber of the shaped charge is 40 mm, the wall thickness of the experimental active liner is 4.8 mm, the type of the main charge is modified B explosive, the height is 60 mm, and the measured mass is 135 g;
[0065] The material of the steel plate is Q235 steel, with dimensions of 300 mm × 300 mm × 6 mm. The aluminum plate is located 60 mm below the end steel plate, the material is 6061 hard aluminum, and the dimensions are 300 mm × 300 mm × 3 mm;
[0066] The experimental standoff is 60 mm.
[0067] c. Substitute the perforation area S of the aluminum target obtained in b into the functional relationship obtained in step a to obtain the corresponding explosive mass m tnt , and substitute it into step S2 for simulation calculation. Compare S and S'. In this embodiment, S is 19623 mm 2 , and S' is 19285 mm 2 , verifying that the simulation result is consistent with the actual situation. The error between S and S' does not exceed 5%. The comparison of the damage effects of the aluminum target simulation and experiment is as Figure 5 shown, proving that the simulation method is correct and can simulate the secondary damage effect of the deflagration reaction of the active shaped charge penetrator.
[0068] Specifically, the simulations in step S1 and step S2 are based on the nonlinear dynamics analysis software AUTODYN platform.
[0069] In the numerical simulation of step S1, the shaped charge uses the SPH algorithm, and the steel-aluminum spaced target uses the Lagrange algorithm. According to the symmetry of the shaped charge and the target plate structure, a three-dimensional 1 / 4 simulation model is established. The SPH algorithm is a meshless Lagrangian numerical calculation method. The process of discretizing the calculation domain does not require dividing elements, but solves through the particle integral equation with physical information. The SPH algorithm essentially belongs to the Lagrange algorithm, can effectively track the interface of materials, has no mesh entanglement during the calculation process, does not require setting erosion, and can simulate complex problems such as large deformation. Therefore, the present invention uses the SPH algorithm to simulate the forming process of the shaped penetrator.
Claims
1. A simulation method for the secondary damage effect of the deflagration reaction of an active energy-gathering penetrator, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Conduct a numerical simulation on the penetration of a steel-aluminum spaced target by an active shaped charge penetrator to obtain the size of the penetration hole in the aluminum plate by the active shaped charge penetrator; S2. Conduct a numerical simulation on the explosion reaction of TNT acting on an equivalent aluminum target with a prefabricated hole to simulate the secondary damage effect of the deflagration reaction of the active shaped charge penetrator; the size of the prefabricated hole is the size of the penetration hole obtained in step S1, and the size and material of the equivalent aluminum target are the same as those of the aluminum plate in step S1; It also includes a verification step: a. Change the explosive mass m in the simulation of step S2 tnt , obtain the corresponding perforation area S of the aluminum target, and fit the functional relationship between the perforation area S of the aluminum target and the explosive mass m tnt ; b. Conduct an experiment on the active shaped charge penetrator acting on the steel-aluminum spaced target. The experimental conditions are the same as the simulation conditions in step S1, and obtain the result of the broken hole area S' of the aluminum plate in the test; c. Substitute the perforated area S' of the aluminum target obtained in b into the functional relationship obtained in step a to obtain the corresponding explosive mass m'. tnt , substitute it into step S2 for simulation calculation, compare S and S', verify the correctness of the simulation method, and if the error does not exceed 5%, it proves that the simulation method is correct.
2. The simulation method for the secondary damage effect of the deflagration reaction of an active shaped charge penetrator according to claim 1, wherein The simulations in step S1 and step S2 are based on the AUTODYN platform of nonlinear dynamics analysis software.
3. The simulation method for the secondary damage effect of the deflagration reaction of an active shaped penetrator according to claim 1, wherein, For the shaped charge, the SPH algorithm is used, and for the steel-aluminum spaced target, the Lagrange algorithm is used. According to the symmetry of the shaped charge and the target plate structure, a three-dimensional 1 / 4 or 1 / 2 simulation model is established.
4. The simulation method for the secondary damage effect of deflagration reaction of an active energy-gathering penetrator according to claim 1, wherein In the simulation of step S2, the SPH algorithm is used for the explosive, and the Lagrange algorithm is used for the aluminum target. According to the symmetry of the explosive and the aluminum target structure, a three-dimensional 1 / 4 or 1 / 2 simulation model is established.
5. The simulation method for the secondary damage effect of deflagration reaction of an active cumulative penetrator according to claim 3, characterized in that In the simulation of step S1, the parameters of the shaped charge penetrator that need to be set are: the wall thickness of the liner of the active shaped charge penetrator, the shape of the liner, the caliber of the shaped charge, the height of the main charge, the type of explosive, the initiation method, the material of the liner, the filler, and the standoff of the shaped charge.
6. The simulation method for the secondary damage effect of the deflagration reaction of an active shaped penetrator according to claim 3, wherein In the simulation of step S1, the parameters of the steel-aluminum spaced target that need to be set are: the material of the steel plate and the material of the aluminum plate of the steel-aluminum spaced target, the distance between the steel plate and the aluminum plate, and the size of the steel plate and the aluminum plate.
7. A simulation method for the secondary damage effect of the deflagration reaction of an active cumulative penetration body according to claim 4, characterized in that In the simulation of step S2, the parameters of the TNT explosive that need to be set are: the shape of the TNT explosive is cylindrical, the radius and length of the cylindrical explosive, the initiation method, and the position of the initiation point is set.
8. The simulation method for the secondary damage effect of the deflagration reaction of an active cumulative penetrator according to claim 4, characterized in that The parameters of the equivalent aluminum target that need to be set in the simulation of step S2 are the material and size of the equivalent aluminum target.
9. The simulation method for the secondary damage effect of the deflagration reaction of an active shaped charge penetrator according to claim 1, characterized in that In step b, the liner of the active shaped charge penetrator used in the experiment is prepared by a molding-sintering process. The shaped charge and the standoff cylinder are located directly above the front steel target and projected onto the center of the steel target.