In-situ stratified sampling device and sampling method for subglacial surface water

Abstract

The present invention discloses an in-situ stratified collection device and sampling method for surface water under ice. The collection device includes a fixing device, a distance measuring device arranged on the upper part of the fixing device, and a stratification device arranged at the bottom of the fixing device; the distance measuring device is slidably connected to the fixing device to measure the depths of different water samples in real time; a plurality of guide members are arranged in the stratification device, one end of the plurality of guide members corresponds to the collection of water samples of different depths, and the other end guides the water samples to the collection device. Through the above manner, the present invention is easy to carry and easy to operate, and only one set of devices is needed to complete high-precision stratified sampling of water areas under ice, and the water depth of each sample can be read in time, which is convenient for subsequent experiments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of water quality environment monitoring sampling, and in particular to an in-situ stratified sampling device and a sampling method for surface water under ice. Background Art

[0002] As an essential element for human survival, water is of great significance to every country. The state has formulated regulations for regular water environment quality assessment, forecasting and prediction of water bodies.

[0003] In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have found that when rivers, reservoirs, lakes and oceans freeze in winter, pollutants dissolved in the frozen water will gradually be discharged into the water below as the ice condenses downward, which is the traditional "salt discharge effect". This phenomenon leads to a significant stratification effect in the water quality of the surface water at the ice-water interface.

[0004] However, due to the limitations of current sampling technology, the traditional technology is to perform stratified sampling of water bodies at the mouth of ice holes after pre-drilling ice holes on the ice surface of frozen areas such as lakes, reservoirs, and oceans. There is a serious flaw in this stratified sampling method, that is, at the moment the ice layer is drilled, the water under the ice will quickly flow into the ice hole, causing violent mixing of the surface water at the ice-water interface, resulting in serious distortion of the water quality detected by the stratified sampling water bodies. In addition, the instruments used in these technologies are too bulky and inconvenient to carry.

[0005] The prior art proposes an under-ice stratified water sample collector, which includes a water sampler shell formed by bonding a number of bottomless cylindrical shells of equal height, which are arranged in the supporting frame, and an annular partition is provided at the bottom of each bottomless cylindrical shell, and the through hole in the middle of the annular partition is a water inlet, and a corresponding circular cover plate is provided under each annular partition, and a sealing gasket is bonded on the circular cover plate, and the circular cover plates are all fixed on a threaded connecting rod and are located in the corresponding bottomless cylindrical shell, and the threaded connecting rod passes through the entire water sampler shell and the through hole in the middle of the annular partition from top to bottom, and a rubber water outlet pipe is connected to the lower part of one side of each bottomless cylindrical shell.

[0006] Although this technology simplifies the collection equipment and is easy to carry, the accuracy of the device in stratified water sampling is not high. An additional distance measuring device is required to accurately record the water depth of the corresponding water sample, and an additional fixing device is required to fix the collection device to ensure that the collection device is placed vertically in the water.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to design an in-situ stratified water collection device and sampling method for subglacial surface water with simple structure, easy to carry and high stratified water collection accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to overcome the above problems, the present invention provides an in-situ stratified sampling device and sampling method for surface water under the ice. The device has a simple structure, is easy to carry, and is convenient to operate. Only one set of the device is required to complete high-precision stratified sampling of the waters under the ice, and can read the water depth of each sample in time, which is convenient for subsequent experiments.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0010] An in-situ stratified collection device for surface water under ice, comprising a fixing device, a distance measuring device arranged on the upper part of the fixing device, and a stratification device arranged at the bottom of the fixing device; the distance measuring device is slidably connected to the fixing device to measure the depths of different water samples in real time; a plurality of guide members are arranged in the stratification device, one end of the plurality of guide members respectively collects water samples at different depths, and the other end guides the water samples to a collection device.

[0011] Furthermore, the fixing device is arranged in an L-shaped structure and includes a vertical end arranged along the vertical direction and a horizontal end hinged to the bottom end of the vertical end; the connection between the vertical end and the horizontal end is movably connected with a first fixing member, and the first fixing member is used to fix the vertical end and the horizontal end after adjusting to a preset position.

[0012] Furthermore, the distance measuring device includes a sleeve sleeved on the vertical end, and a cross bar connected to the sleeve at one end; the sleeve slides up and down along the vertical end, and the cross bar is arranged parallel to the horizontal end.

[0013] Furthermore, a second fixing member is movably connected at the connection between the cross bar and the sleeve.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer side of the vertical end is provided with scale values ​​along the vertical direction.

[0015] Furthermore, the stratification device includes a stratification rod and a plurality of mounting holes arranged on the circumferential side of the stratification rod in the vertical direction; the stratification rod is arranged in the vertical direction and is hinged to an end of the horizontal end away from the vertical end; a third fixing member is movably connected at the connection between the stratification rod and the horizontal end.

[0016] Furthermore, the plurality of mounting holes are distributed at equal intervals, and their axes are parallel to the horizontal line; and the diameters of the plurality of mounting holes are 5-8 mm.

[0017] Furthermore, the plurality of guide members include water intake hard pipes respectively accommodated in the plurality of mounting holes, and water intake hoses respectively connected to one end of the plurality of water intake hard pipes close to the vertical end; the outer diameter of the water intake hard pipe is the same as the diameter of the mounting hole, both ends of the water intake hard pipe pass through the mounting hole, and a water intake hole is provided on the water inlet end of the water intake hard pipe; one end of the water intake hose is sleeved on the outer side of the water intake hard pipe, and the other end is connected to a water intake pump provided above the ice layer.

[0018] Furthermore, a control valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the water intake hose and the water intake pump; a first wiring harness fixture and a second wiring harness fixture are provided on the vertical end and the horizontal end respectively, so that the water intake hose is routed along the fixture.

[0019] A method for in-situ stratified collection of surface water under ice, using the in-situ stratified collection device for surface water under ice; comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1. Drill a hole on the ice surface and ensure that the diameter of the hole is greater than 20cm;

[0021] S2, taking out the collection device, and loosening the first fixing member and the third fixing member, so that the vertical end, the horizontal end and the layered rods are perpendicular to each other, so that the entire collection device is in an unfolded state;

[0022] S3, fastening the first fixing member and the third fixing member to ensure that the vertical end, the horizontal end and the layered rods no longer move relative to each other;

[0023] S4. Slowly lower the bottom end of the layered rod from the drill hole;

[0024] S5. When the lower structure of the fixing device is completely below the ice surface, slowly adjust the horizontal end to a horizontal state, and push the horizontal end close to the lower end surface of the ice layer and slowly move forward until the vertical end touches the ice layer;

[0025] S6. Push the sleeve downward until the crossbar is close to the upper end surface of the ice layer, and record the scale value here;

[0026] S7. Turn on the water pump and draw water samples at different depths into the collection device through the guide pieces.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The in-situ stratified collection device for the surface water under the ice of the present invention is provided with a stratification device that penetrates into the water at the bottom of the fixing device, and different stratification intervals are provided on the stratification device, so that water samples of different depths are guided to the collection device through the guide member, thereby realizing the in-situ collection of water samples of different water layers under the ice. At the same time, this sampling method minimizes the disturbance of the water body at the ice-water interface when the sampling hole is drilled on the ice surface. The device is also provided with a distance measuring device on the upper part of the fixing device, which can quickly measure the water depth of different water samples and facilitate subsequent tests. The present invention realizes that a single user only needs one set of devices to complete a series of operations such as fixing the sampling device, in-situ collection of water samples of different water layers under the ice, and distance measurement of water samples by connecting the fixing device, the distance measuring device, and the stratification device with each other. The whole device is simple and easy to carry, easy to operate, and highly practical.

[0029] 2. The in-situ stratified collection device for the surface water under ice of the present invention realizes the folding and storage of the whole device by setting the fixing device as a vertical end and a horizontal end hinged to each other, and hinges the stratification rod to the horizontal end, so as to facilitate carrying. A fixing piece is provided at each hinge to relatively fix the stratification rod, the vertical end and the horizontal end after the positions are adjusted.

[0030] 3. The in-situ stratified collection device for the sub-ice surface water body of the present invention is configured by setting the fixing device into an L-shaped structure, and a cross bar is slidably connected to the vertical end of the fixing device, so that when sampling is performed, the device can be tightly attached to the ice layer through the cooperation of the cross bar and the fixed bracket, and the stratification rod can be fixed in a vertical state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the in-situ stratified collection device for surface water under ice of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the in-situ stratified collection device for surface water under ice of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the stratification rod of the in-situ stratification collection device for surface water under ice of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the middle A area;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a curve chart of sampling experiment results of the in-situ stratified sampling device for surface water under ice of the present invention;

[0036] The markings of the components in the accompanying drawings are as follows: 110, vertical end; 111, first wiring harness fixture; 112, scale value; 120, horizontal end; 121, second wiring harness fixture; 130, sleeve; 140, cross bar; 160, first fixing member; 150, second fixing member; 170, layered rod; 171, water intake hard pipe; 1711, water intake hole; 172, water intake hose; 1721, control valve; 1722, water intake pump; 173, mounting hole; 180, third fixing member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more explicit definition of the protection scope of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, an in-situ stratified collection device for surface water under ice includes a fixing device, a distance measuring device arranged on the upper part of the fixing device, and a stratification device arranged at the bottom of the fixing device. The distance measuring device is slidably connected to the fixing device to measure the depths of different water samples in real time. A plurality of guide members are arranged in the stratification device, one end of each of the guide members corresponds to collecting water samples at different depths, and the other end guides the water samples to the collection device.

[0040] In this way, by setting a stratification device that penetrates into the water at the bottom of the fixing device, and setting different stratification intervals on the stratification device, water samples of different depths are guided to the collection device through the guide piece, thereby realizing the in-situ collection of water samples from different water layers under the ice. At the same time, this sampling method minimizes the water disturbance on the ice-water interface when the sampling hole is drilled on the ice surface. The device also sets a distance measuring device on the upper part of the fixing device, which can quickly measure the water depth of different water samples and facilitate subsequent tests. The present invention realizes that a single user only needs one set of devices to complete a series of operations such as fixing the sampling device, in-situ collection of water samples from different water layers under the ice, and water sample distance measurement through the coordinated connection of the fixing device, the distance measuring device, and the stratification device. The whole device is simple and easy to carry, easy to operate, and highly practical.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 2As shown, in some embodiments, the fixing device is arranged in an L-shaped structure and includes a vertical end 110 arranged in the vertical direction and a horizontal end 120 hinged to the bottom end of the vertical end 110. In particular, the length of the vertical end 110 exceeds the local multi-year average ice thickness plus 0.5 meters.

[0042] The vertical end 110 and the horizontal end 120 can both rotate around the hinge. The hinge of the vertical end 110 and the horizontal end 120 is movably connected with a first fixing member 160, and the first fixing member 160 is used to fix the vertical end 110 and the horizontal end 120 after being adjusted to a preset position, so as to ensure that the vertical end 110 and the horizontal end 120 no longer rotate relative to each other. In particular, the first fixing member 160 is preferably a butterfly screw and a nut connected to the tail end of the butterfly screw. The combination of the butterfly screw and the nut can be directly tightened or loosened manually, and the structure is simple and convenient for users to operate. With such arrangement, when the collection device needs to be used, the vertical end 110 and the horizontal end 120 are rotated until they are perpendicular to each other, and the butterfly screw is manually tightened to fix the vertical end 110 and the horizontal end 120 relatively; when the collection device needs to be folded, the butterfly screw is manually loosened, and the vertical end 110 and the horizontal end 120 are rotated until they overlap, so that the collection device is folded and folded for easy carrying.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, in other embodiments, the distance measuring device includes a sleeve 130 sleeved on the vertical end 110, and a cross bar 140 connected to the sleeve 130 at one end. In particular, the length of the cross bar 140 is not less than 0.5 meters. The cross bar 140 is arranged in parallel with the horizontal end 120, so that the fixing device is close to the ice layer and the fixing device is fixed through the horizontal end 120 and the cross bar 140, and the vertical end 110 is ensured to be in a vertical state. At the same time, the cross bar 140 is close to the upper end surface of the ice layer, so that the user can step on the cross bar 140 to keep the entire device fixed.

[0044] In particular, the outer side of the vertical end 110 is provided with a scale value 112 in the vertical direction, and the sleeve 130 slides up and down along the vertical end 110, so as to determine the water depth of the water sample according to the scale value 112 at which the crossbar 140 is located. At the same time, by placing the crossbar 140 close to the upper end surface of the ice layer and placing the horizontal end 120 close to the lower end surface of the ice layer, the user can directly determine the thickness of the ice layer and better determine the depth of different water samples.

[0045] The connection between the crossbar 140 and the sleeve 130 is movably connected with a second fixing member 150. The second fixing member 150 is preferably a butterfly screw. When the sleeve 130 slides to a suitable position along the vertical end 110, the butterfly screw is tightened to fix the crossbar 140 and the sleeve 130.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, in some embodiments, the layering device includes a layering rod 170 and a plurality of mounting holes 173 arranged on the circumference of the layering rod 170 in the vertical direction. Specifically, the length of the layering rod 170 is not less than 0.5 meters. The plurality of mounting holes 173 are distributed at equal intervals, and the interval between two adjacent mounting holes 173 should be set to be more than 5 cm. In particular, when the interval between two adjacent mounting holes 173 is set to 10 cm, the layering effect is best. The diameter of the plurality of mounting holes 173 is 5-8 mm, and the axis thereof is parallel to the horizontal line.

[0047] The layered rod 170 is arranged in the vertical direction and is hinged to one end of the horizontal end 120 away from the vertical end 110, so that the layered rod 170 can rotate around the horizontal end 120, which is convenient for the two to be retracted. The connection between the layered rod 170 and the horizontal end 120 is movably connected with a third fixing member 180. The third fixing member 180 is preferably a butterfly screw and a nut connected to the tail end of the butterfly screw. The combination of the butterfly screw and the nut can be directly tightened or loosened manually, and the structure is simple and convenient for users to operate.

[0048] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, in other embodiments, several guide members include water intake hard pipes 171 respectively accommodated in several mounting holes 173, and water intake hoses 172 respectively connected to one end of the several water intake hard pipes 171 close to the vertical end 110. The outer diameter of the water intake hard pipe 171 is the same as the diameter of the mounting hole 173 to ensure that the water sample will not seep into the stratification rod 170. In addition, since the axis of the mounting hole 173 is parallel to the horizontal line, when the water intake hard pipe 171 is accommodated in the mounting hole 173, the pipe body of the water intake hard pipe 171 remains horizontal to horizontally absorb the water sample of the water layer corresponding to the water intake hard pipe 171 to ensure the stratification effect of the water sample. Both ends of the water intake hard pipe 171 pass through the mounting hole 173, and its water inlet end extends 3-8 cm outside the stratification rod 170, and its water outlet end extends 2-4 cm outside the stratification rod 170. In addition, a water intake hole 1711 is provided on the water inlet end of the water intake hard pipe 171, so as to facilitate the water to be drawn into the water intake hard pipe 171. One end of the water intake hose 172 is sleeved on the outside of the water intake hard pipe 171, and the other end is connected to the water intake pump 1722 arranged above the ice layer, and the water intake pump 1722 draws the water sample into the collection device through the water intake hard pipe 171 and the water intake hose 172. A control valve 1721 is provided on the connecting pipeline between the water intake hose 172 and the water intake pump 1722. The control valve 1721 is preferably a two-way valve to realize two-way on-off. In addition, the two-way valve is set to be a manual two-way valve or an electromagnetic two-way valve, which is selected according to the actual situation on site. With such arrangement, when the collection device is adjusted to a suitable position for collection, the water pump 1722 and the two-way valve are opened, so that the water sample at the depth of each water intake hard pipe 171 is horizontally sucked into the water intake hard pipe 171, and the water sample is further transported to the water intake hose 172, and then, the water pump 1722 transports different water samples to different collection devices.

[0049] In other embodiments (see Figure 1 to Figure 2 ), the vertical end 110 and the horizontal end 120 are respectively provided with a first harness fixture 111 and a second harness fixture 121, so that the water intake hose 172 can be routed along the fixture. It is worth noting that when arranging the water intake hose 172, it should be arranged in sequence from small to upper according to the order of the water intake hard pipe 171 corresponding to the water intake hose 172, so that the user can directly determine the layer of the water sample through the water intake hose 172, and turn on the water intake pump 1722 to extract the corresponding water intake hose 172. Alternatively, the serial number and the water intake hard pipe 171 corresponding to the serial number are marked in advance on the water outlet end of the water intake hose 172, so that when the water intake hose 172 is arranged, it can be bundled and fixed to reduce the volume of the routing.

[0050] A method for in-situ stratified collection of surface water under ice, using an in-situ stratified collection device for surface water under ice; comprising the following steps:

[0051] S1. Drill a hole on the ice surface and ensure that the diameter of the hole is greater than 20cm;

[0052] S2, taking out the collection device, and loosening the first fixing member 160 and the third fixing member 180, so that the vertical end 110, the horizontal end 120 and the layered rods 170 are perpendicular to each other, so that the entire collection device is in an unfolded state;

[0053] S3, fasten the first fixing member 160 and the third fixing member 180 to ensure that the vertical end 110, the horizontal end 120 and the layered rod 170 no longer move relative to each other;

[0054] S4, slowly lowering the bottom end of the layered rod 170 from the drill hole;

[0055] S5. When the lower structure of the fixing device is completely below the ice surface, the horizontal end 120 is slowly adjusted to a horizontal state, and the horizontal end 120 is pushed close to the lower end surface of the ice layer and slowly moved forward until the vertical end 110 touches the ice layer;

[0056] S6, push the sleeve 130 downward until the cross bar 140 is close to the upper end surface of the ice layer, and record the scale value 112 there;

[0057] S7. Turn on the water pump 1722 to draw water samples at different depths into the collection device through the guide member.

[0058] When adopting a specific implementation method, the device is operated according to the above method. A single user only needs one set of equipment to complete a series of operations such as fixing the sampling device, in-situ collection of water samples from different water layers under the ice, and water sample ranging. The entire device is simple and easy to carry, easy to operate, and highly practical.

[0059] In the specific test, the device was used to sample and test the water quality at the ice-water interface of a reservoir during the winter ice-covered period. According to the test results, it was found that the water quality had obvious stratification, and the device had good practical effect.

[0060] The above description is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution described in the aforementioned embodiments can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features therein can be replaced by equivalents. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An in-situ stratified collection device for surface water under ice, characterized in that: The invention comprises a fixing device, a distance measuring device arranged on the upper part of the fixing device, and a layering device arranged on the bottom of the fixing device; the distance measuring device is slidably connected with the fixing device to measure the depths of different water samples in real time; a plurality of guide members are arranged in the layering device, one end of each of the guide members respectively collects water samples of different depths, and the other end guides the water samples to the collecting device; The fixing device is arranged in an L-shaped structure, and comprises a vertical end (110) arranged in a vertical direction, and a horizontal end (120) hinged to the bottom end of the vertical end (110); a scale value (112) is arranged on the outer side of the vertical end (110) in the vertical direction; the distance measuring device comprises a sleeve (130) sleeved on the vertical end (110), and a cross bar (140) connected to the sleeve (130) at one end; the sleeve (130) slides up and down along the vertical end (110), and the cross bar (140) is arranged parallel to the horizontal end (120); The layering device is hinged to an end of the horizontal end (120) away from the vertical end (110); the vertical end (110) is hinged to the horizontal end (120); A first fixing member (160) is movably connected at the connection point between the vertical end (110) and the horizontal end (120), and the first fixing member (160) is used to fix the vertical end (110) and the horizontal end (120) after being adjusted to a preset position; the first fixing member (160) is a butterfly screw and a nut connected to the tail end of the butterfly screw. The combination of the butterfly screw and the nut can be directly tightened or loosened manually, and the structure is simple and convenient for users to operate; The stratification device comprises a stratification rod (170) and a plurality of mounting holes (173) arranged on the circumference of the stratification rod (170) in a vertical direction; The plurality of guide members include water intake hard pipes (171) respectively accommodated in the plurality of mounting holes (173), and water intake hoses (172) respectively connected to one end of the plurality of water intake hard pipes (171) close to the vertical end (110); the outer diameter of the water intake hard pipe (171) is the same as the diameter of the mounting hole (173), both ends of the water intake hard pipe (171) pass through the mounting hole (173), and a water intake hole (1711) is provided on the water inlet end of the water intake hard pipe (171); one end of the water intake hose (172) is sleeved on the outer side of the water intake hard pipe (171), and the other end is connected to a water intake pump (1722) provided above the ice layer; A control valve (1721) is provided on the connecting pipeline between the water intake hose (172) and the water intake pump (1722); a first wire harness fixture (111) and a second wire harness fixture (121) are provided on the vertical end (110) and the horizontal end (120), respectively, so that the water intake hose (172) is routed along the fixture; The collection method of the in-situ stratified collection device for subglacial surface water comprises the following steps: S1. Drill a hole on the ice surface and ensure that the diameter of the hole is greater than 20cm; S2, taking out the collection device, and loosening the first fixing member (160) and the third fixing member (180), so that the vertical end (110), the horizontal end (120) and the layered rods (170) are perpendicular to each other, so that the entire collection device is in an unfolded state; S3, fastening the first fixing member (160) and the third fixing member (180) to ensure that the vertical end (110), the horizontal end (120) and the layered rod (170) no longer move relative to each other; S4, slowly lowering the bottom end of the layering rod (170) from the drill hole; S5. When the lower structure of the fixing device is completely below the ice surface, the horizontal end (120) is slowly adjusted to a horizontal state, and the horizontal end (120) is pushed close to the lower end surface of the ice layer and slowly moved forward until the vertical end (110) touches the ice layer; S6, push the sleeve (130) downward until the crossbar (140) is in close contact with the upper end surface of the ice layer, and record the scale value (112) there; S7. Turn on the water pump (1722) to draw water samples at different depths into the collection device through the guide member.

2. The in-situ stratified collection device for subglacial surface water according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second fixing member (150) is movably connected at a connection point between the cross bar (140) and the sleeve (130).

3. The in-situ stratified collection device for subglacial surface water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The layered rod (170) is arranged in the vertical direction; a third fixing member (180) is movably connected to the connection between the layered rod (170) and the horizontal end (120).

4. The in-situ stratified collection device for subglacial surface water according to claim 3, characterized in that: The plurality of mounting holes (173) are distributed at equal intervals, and their axes are parallel to the horizontal line; the diameters of the plurality of mounting holes (173) are 5-8 mm.

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