A mechanical diode element for displacement rectification and unidirectional transmission of displacement signals

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of structural design, and relates to a mechanical diode element for displacement rectification and unidirectional transmission of displacement signals. As a displacement rectification element, the element can output a positive and negative alternating displacement signal inputted from a positive interface as a signal with only positive displacement at a negative interface, providing a displacement rectification function similar to the full-wave rectification effect of a semiconductor diode. As an element for unidirectional transmission of displacement signals, this element only allows the displacement signal to be transmitted from the positive interface A to the negative interface B, but prevents the displacement signal from being transmitted back from the negative interface B to the positive interface A, thereby providing a function similar to the unidirectional transmission of signals by a semiconductor diode. This functional element has broad application prospects in the fields of mechanical logic, mechanical calculation, equipment shock absorption, intelligent detection, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of structural design and relates to a mechanical diode element for displacement rectification and unidirectional transmission of displacement signals. Background Art

[0002] At present, in the field of mechanical computing, most technologies use the two stable states of the bistable structure to correspond to 0 and 1 in binary, and change the displacement state by external force to perform logical operations to replace the function of the logic circuit in the circuit. These technologies use the displacement state as input, but cannot process continuous displacement signals. There are also technologies that use contact nonlinearity to modulate the continuous displacement signal to achieve functions such as truncation, filtering, and shaping of the displacement signal, but they cannot achieve full-wave rectification and unidirectional transmission of displacement signals.

[0003] The full-wave rectification and unidirectional transmission of current are the main functions of semiconductor diodes. In semiconductor diodes, current can flow from the positive electrode of the diode to the negative electrode of the diode, but it is difficult to flow from the negative electrode of the diode to the positive electrode. The unidirectional conductivity of the diode can be used to rectify the current signal and convert an AC signal into a DC signal. Semiconductor diodes play an irreplaceable role in circuits. Therefore, designing a mechanical diode element with similar functions to semiconductor diodes in mechanical computing is of great significance to expanding the application of mechanical computing.

[0004] In most mechanical structures, the displacement generated by the external load is linearly proportional to the external force. When the direction of the external force changes, the direction of the displacement response also changes. Only through careful design can the structure show strong nonlinearity and make the response of a specific position of the structure insensitive to the change in the direction of the external force at another specific position of the structure, thus achieving the special performance that the displacement response at a specific position remains unchanged even if the load direction changes. Using this performance, a mechanical diode can be designed to achieve the functions of full-wave rectification and unidirectional transmission of the displacement signal. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mechanical diode functional element having a function similar to a semiconductor diode, wherein the mechanical diode has the functions of displacement rectification and unidirectional transmission of displacement signals.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A mechanical diode element for displacement rectification and unidirectional transmission of displacement signals comprises a positive electrode interface rod 1, a negative electrode interface rod 2, a housing 3, a tension spring 4, a rigid connecting rod 5 and a latch 6.

[0008] The housing 3 is a square housing that provides external constraints for the entire component. Six vertical slide grooves and two horizontal slide grooves are respectively provided on the front and rear opposite surfaces of the housing 3 to limit the movement direction of the latch 6. Openings are respectively provided at the center positions of the upper and lower opposite surfaces for the positive electrode interface rod 1 and the negative electrode interface rod 2 to pass through. The slide grooves and openings provided on each opposite surface of the housing 3 are completely consistent. Among them, there are four vertical slide grooves located at the upper center of the front and rear surfaces of the shell 3, neatly distributed in two rows, constraining the positive interface rod 1 to move only in the vertical direction; two horizontal slide grooves are distributed at the upper center of the left and right parts of the front and rear surfaces of the shell 3, arranged in a horizontal line, and the horizontal line is the symmetry axis of the four vertical slide grooves used to constrain the movement direction of the positive interface rod 1, and the horizontal slide groove is used to constrain one end of the four tension springs 4 to move only in the horizontal direction; the other two vertical slide grooves are located at the lower position of the front and rear surfaces of the shell 3, distributed in parallel, and located on the outside of the vertical slide groove used to constrain the movement direction of the positive interface rod 1, constraining the negative interface rod 2 to move only in the vertical direction; all the pin slide grooves are symmetrically distributed on the left and right.

[0009] The positive electrode interface rod 1 and the negative electrode interface rod 2 are the displacement input and output structures of the element, respectively, wherein: the positive electrode interface rod 1 is a straight rod, the positive electrode interface A is located at the top of the rod, the top of the positive electrode interface rod 1 is located outside the shell 3, and the rest is located inside the shell; two latch holes are distributed on the left and right sides of the positive electrode interface rod 1, each latch hole is connected to a tension spring 4, the four latch holes correspond to the four vertical latch slots on the center of the shell 3, and the positive electrode interface rod 1 can only move in the vertical direction through the cooperation of the latch 6 and the latch hole. The negative electrode interface rod 2 is a Y-shaped structure, the negative electrode interface B is located at the bottom of the rod, the bottom of the negative electrode interface rod 2 is located outside the shell 3, and the rest is located inside the shell; there is a latch hole at each end of the negative electrode interface rod 2, and a rigid connecting rod 5 is connected to each end, and the two latch holes correspond to the two outermost vertical slots on the shell 3, and the negative electrode interface rod 2 can only move in the vertical direction through the cooperation of the latch 6 and the latch hole.

[0010] The stretch spring 4 has a latch hole at each end, and a stretch spring in the middle. The stretch spring has a very small gap. Due to the contact effect, the stretch stiffness of the spring is much smaller than its compression stiffness. The four stretch springs are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the positive interface rod 1. One end of the two stretch springs 4 on the same side is connected by a latch 6. The latch 6 is placed in a horizontal slide groove to constrain one end of the stretch spring 4 to move only in the horizontal direction. The other ends of the two stretch springs 4 on the same side are connected to the positive interface rod 1 through the two latch holes on the same side of the positive interface rod 1. The initial position of the four stretch springs 4 is at an angle of 45° to the horizontal direction.

[0011] The rigid connecting rod 5 has a pin hole at each end for transmitting displacement, and the rigid connecting rod does not deform in the structure. The two rigid connecting rods 5 are symmetrically distributed, one end of which is connected to the pin 6 in the horizontal slide groove, and the other end is connected to the pin 6 in the vertical slide groove at the negative electrode interface rod 2, so as to realize the mutual transmission between the horizontal displacement of the two sides of the four tension springs 4 and the vertical displacement of the negative electrode interface rod 2.

[0012] The latch 6 is a rigid latch, which connects different components through the latch holes of each component. The eight latches 6 are respectively placed in the eight latch slides of the housing 3 and can move in the latch slides of the housing 3.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0014] The invention provides a mechanical diode functional element, which has the functions of displacement rectification and unidirectional transmission of displacement signals.

[0015] As a displacement rectifier element, the element can output an alternating positive and negative displacement signal input at the positive interface A as a signal with only positive displacement at the negative interface B, providing a displacement rectification function similar to the full-wave rectification of a semiconductor diode.

[0016] As a component for unidirectionally transmitting displacement signals, this component only allows the displacement signal to be transmitted from the positive interface A to the negative interface B, but prevents the displacement signal from being transmitted from the negative interface B back to the positive interface A, thereby providing a function similar to that of a semiconductor diode for unidirectional signal transmission.

[0017] This functional component has broad application prospects in mechanical logic, mechanical calculation, equipment shock absorption, intelligent detection and other fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] FIG1(a) is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the mechanical diode, and FIG1(b) is a schematic diagram of its internal structure, wherein 1 is a positive electrode interface rod, 2 is a negative electrode interface rod, 3 is a housing, 4 is a tension spring component, 5 is a rigid connecting rod, and 6 is a pin.

[0019] Figure 2(a) to Figure 2(f) 2(a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of each component, wherein FIG2(b) is a positive electrode interface rod, FIG2(c) is a negative electrode interface rod, FIG2(d) is a housing, FIG2(d) is an internal tension spring, FIG2(e) is a rigid connecting rod, and FIG2(f) is a rigid latch.

[0020] Figure 3 is the load-displacement curve of the extension spring.

[0021] Figure 4(a) to Figure 4(c) , Figure 5(a) to Figure 5(c) , Figure 6(a) to Figure 6(c) , Figure 7(a) to Figure 7(c) are the finite element simulation results of the deformation mode of the mechanical diode under various input conditions.

[0022] Figure 4(a) to Figure 4(c) It is the response of the mechanical diode when the positive terminal A inputs a displacement. Among them, Figure 4(a) is its initial state, Figure 4(b) is the response of the element when the positive terminal A inputs a positive displacement, and Figure 4(c) is the response of the element when the positive terminal A inputs a negative displacement.

[0023] Figure 5(a) to Figure 5(c) correspond Figure 4(a) to Figure 4(c) Deformation modes of the internal structure of the component under various input states.

[0024] Figure 6(a) to Figure 6(c) It is the response of the mechanical diode when the negative terminal B inputs a displacement. Among them, Figure 6(a) is its initial state, Figure 6(b) is the response of the element when the negative terminal B inputs a positive displacement, and Figure 6(c) is the response of the element when the negative terminal B inputs a negative displacement.

[0025] Figure 7(a) to Figure 7(c) correspond Figure 6(a) to Figure 6(c) Schematic diagram of the deformation of the internal structure of the component under various stress states.

[0026] Figure 8 and Fig. 9 It is the finite element simulation result of the relationship between output displacement and input displacement under two working modes.

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the displacement signal output by the negative interface B and the displacement signal input by the positive interface A when an alternating continuous displacement signal is input to the positive interface A.

[0028] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the output displacement and the input displacement when the displacement is input from the positive interface A and the negative interface B respectively. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.

[0030] The present invention creates a mechanical diode element with displacement rectification function and unidirectional displacement signal transmission function. This functional element has broad application prospects in the fields of mechanical logic, mechanical calculation, equipment shock absorption, intelligent detection, etc.

[0031] Specifically, the overall configuration of the component is shown in Figure 1(a), which has a positive electrode interface A and a negative electrode interface B, and the two interfaces are used for input and output of displacement signals. The internal structure of the component is shown in Figure 1(b), which consists of six components, including a positive electrode interface rod 1, a negative electrode interface rod 2, a housing 3, an internal tension spring 4, a rigid connecting rod 5 and a latch 6. The structural schematic diagram of each component is shown in Figure 1(b). Figure 2(a) to Figure 2(f) As shown. The positive electrode interface A is located on the positive electrode interface rod 1, and the negative electrode interface B is located on the negative electrode interface rod 2. The housing 3 has two main functions: one is to provide a slide slot for the latch 6, thereby constraining the latch 6 to move only in the direction limited by the slide slot; the other is to fix the entire component. The tension spring 4 is the core part of the entire component. Due to the nonlinear contact, each tension spring provides a compression stiffness that is much greater than the tension stiffness. Its load displacement curve is shown in Figure 3 As shown, all response modes of the component are realized by the coordinated deformation of four tension springs 4. Rigid connecting rod 5 is used to realize the displacement transmission between the input and output of the component. The bolt 6 connects different components through the bolt hole, and the movement direction of each component is constrained by the slide groove on the shell.

[0032] In this embodiment, the shell 3 is a rectangular shell with an overall size of 90 mm in width, 80 mm in height, 8 mm in thickness, and 1 mm in wall thickness. The height of the positive electrode interface rod 1 is 63.5 mm, the width is 10 mm, and the distance between the centers of the upper and lower groups of pin holes in the height direction is 34.24 mm. The distance between the left and right pin holes of the negative electrode interface rod 2 is 78.5 mm. The distance between the pin holes at both ends of the tension spring 4 is 24.21 mm, and the gap between the springs is 0.1 mm. The initial positions of the four tension springs 4 form an angle of 45° with the horizontal direction. The distance between the pin holes at both ends of the rigid connecting rod 5 is also 24.21 mm, and the angle between its initial position and the horizontal direction is also 45°. The diameter of the pin 6 is 3.5 mm and the axial length is 10 mm. Among them, the shell 3, the rigid connecting rod 5 and the pin 6 are rigid structures, and the positive electrode interface rod 1, the negative electrode interface rod 2 and the tension spring 4 are elastic structures. Preferably, steel is selected as the rigid material with an elastic modulus of 210 GPa; nylon is selected as the elastic material with an elastic modulus of 1100 MPa. When in use, it is fixed on the housing 3, and the positive electrode interface A and the negative electrode interface B are two external interfaces of the structure.

[0033] Figure 3 This is the load displacement curve of the internal tension spring in the component. When stretched, the stiffness is about 10N / mm. When compressed, due to the contact effect, the compression stiffness is about 400N / mm. Its compression stiffness is much greater than the tension stiffness.

[0034] Figure 4(a) to Figure 4(c)It is the response mode of the component obtained by finite element simulation when the positive terminal A of the component is input and the negative terminal B is output. Figure 5(a) to Figure 5(c) The internal deformation mode is given. Figure 4(b) and Figure 4(c) show that when the positive interface A inputs a displacement of 5mm in the positive direction and 5mm in the negative direction, the negative interface B will output a displacement with a positive amplitude of 2.64mm. The corresponding internal deformation modes are shown in Figure 5(b) and Figure 5(c). When the positive interface A inputs a displacement of 5mm in the positive direction, the two springs in the upper part are compressed and the two springs in the lower part are stretched; when the positive interface A inputs a displacement of 5mm in the negative direction, the two springs in the upper part are stretched and the two tension springs in the lower part are compressed. Since the compression stiffness of the tension spring is much greater than the tension stiffness due to contact, the two pins in the horizontal slide will move to both sides regardless of whether the positive interface A inputs a positive displacement or a negative displacement. The two connecting rods transfer the horizontal displacement of the two pins outward as the positive vertical displacement of the negative interface rod B, so that the displacement inputs in two different directions of the positive interface A are output as positive displacements at the negative interface B.

[0035] Figure 6(a) to Figure 6(c) It is the response mode of the component obtained by finite element simulation when the negative terminal B of the component is input and the positive terminal A is output. Figure 7(a) to Figure 7(c) The internal deformation mechanism is given. Figure 6(b) and Figure 6(c) show that when the displacement of positive 5mm and negative 5mm is input to the negative interface B respectively, there is no displacement output at the positive interface A. The corresponding internal deformation mode is shown in Figure 7(b) and Figure 7(c). When the displacement of positive 5mm is input to the negative interface B, the four tension springs are stretched evenly. Due to the symmetry of its structure and deformation, the positive interface A does not produce vertical displacement without considering the change in the length of the positive interface rod 1; when the negative interface B inputs a displacement of negative 5mm, the four tension springs are compressed at the same time, and the symmetry is still satisfied. The positive interface A still does not produce vertical displacement. At the same time, the crossbeam of the negative interface rod 2 will undergo corresponding bending deformation under the action of the displacement load input by the negative interface B, which can absorb part of the displacement load and reduce the local stiffness of the negative interface B.

[0036] Figure 8 It is the relationship between the output displacement signal and the input displacement signal when the positive terminal A of the component inputs and the negative terminal B outputs. As can be seen from the figure, when an alternating displacement with an amplitude of 5mm is input to the positive terminal A, the negative terminal B outputs a continuously changing unidirectional displacement, all displacement outputs are positive displacements, and the amplitude of the output displacement is 2.64mm. Comparing the input displacement signal with the output displacement signal, all negative displacements in the input signal are flipped to positive displacements, thereby realizing the rectification function of the displacement signal.

[0037] Fig. 9 The relationship between the output displacement of the component and the input displacement is given when the displacement signal is input at the positive interface A and the negative interface B respectively. It can be seen from the figure that when a positive displacement with an amplitude of 5mm is input at the positive interface A, the displacement output by the negative interface B is positive, and the output displacement amplitude increases with the increase of the input displacement amplitude; when a negative displacement with an amplitude of 5mm is input at the positive interface A, the displacement output by the negative interface B is also positive, and the output displacement amplitude increases with the increase of the input displacement amplitude. When a positive displacement signal with an amplitude of 5mm and a negative displacement signal are input at the negative interface B respectively, the output displacement of the positive interface A is always zero. In other words, the displacement signal input at the positive interface A can be output from the negative interface B, but the displacement signal input at the negative interface B cannot be output from the positive interface A. Thus, the function of unidirectional transmission of displacement signals is realized.

Claims

1. A mechanical diode element for displacement rectification and unidirectional transmission of displacement signals, characterized in that: The mechanical diode element comprises a positive electrode interface rod (1), a negative electrode interface rod (2), a housing (3), a tension spring (4), a rigid connecting rod (5) and a latch (6); The shell (3) is a square shell that provides external constraints for the entire element. Six vertical slide grooves and two horizontal slide grooves are respectively provided on the front and rear opposite surfaces of the shell (3) to limit the movement direction of the latch (6). Openings are respectively provided at the center positions of the upper and lower opposite surfaces for the positive electrode interface rod (1) and the negative electrode interface rod (2) to pass through. The slide grooves and openings provided on each opposite surface of the shell (3) are completely consistent; among them, four vertical slide grooves are located at the upper center of the front and rear surfaces of the shell (3) and are neatly distributed in two rows to constrain the positive electrode interface rod (1) to only move in the vertical direction. The two horizontal slide grooves are distributed at the upper center of the left and right parts of the front and rear surfaces of the housing (3), and are arranged in a horizontal line. The horizontal line is the symmetry axis of the four vertical slide grooves used to constrain the movement direction of the positive electrode interface rod (1). The horizontal slide grooves are used to constrain one end of the four tension springs (4) to move only in the horizontal direction. The other two vertical slide grooves are located at the lower position of the front and rear surfaces of the housing (3), are distributed in parallel, and are located on the outside of the vertical slide grooves used to constrain the movement direction of the positive electrode interface rod (1), and constrain the negative electrode interface rod (2) to move only in the vertical direction. All the latch slide grooves are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides. The positive electrode interface rod (1) and the negative electrode interface rod (2) are respectively the displacement input and output structures of the element, wherein: the positive electrode interface rod (1) is a straight rod, the positive electrode interface A is located at the top of the rod, the top of the positive electrode interface rod (1) is located outside the shell (3), and the rest is located inside the shell; two latch holes are distributed on the left and right sides of the positive electrode interface rod (1), each latch hole is connected to a tension spring (4), the four latch holes respectively correspond to four vertical latch slots on the upper center of the shell (3), and are connected to the latch through the latch (6). The positive electrode interface rod (1) is constrained to move only in the vertical direction by the cooperation of the holes; the negative electrode interface rod (2) is a Y-shaped structure, the negative electrode interface B is located at the bottom end of the rod, the bottom end of the negative electrode interface rod (2) is located outside the shell (3), and the rest is located inside the shell; the left and right ends of the negative electrode interface rod (2) each have a latch hole, each connected to a rigid connecting rod (5), the two latch holes respectively correspond to the two outermost vertical sliding grooves on the shell (3), and the negative electrode interface rod (2) is constrained to move only in the vertical direction by the cooperation of the latch (6) and the latch hole; The two ends of the tension spring (4) are each provided with a latch hole, and a section of tension spring is in the middle; the four tension springs are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the positive electrode interface rod (1); one end of the two tension springs (4) on the same side is connected by a latch (6); the latch (6) is placed in a horizontal slide groove, constraining one end of the tension spring (4) to move only in the horizontal direction; the other ends of the two tension springs (4) on the same side are respectively connected to the positive electrode interface rod (1) through two latch holes on the same side of the positive electrode interface rod (1); the initial positions of the four tension springs (4) have an angle of 45° with the horizontal direction; The rigid connecting rod (5) has a latch hole at each end for transmitting displacement; the two rigid connecting rods (5) are symmetrically distributed on the left and right, one end of which is connected to the latch (6) in the horizontal slide groove, and the other end is connected to the latch (6) in the vertical slide groove at the negative electrode interface rod (2), thereby realizing the mutual transmission between the horizontal displacement of the two sides of the four tension springs (4) and the vertical displacement of the negative electrode interface rod (2); The latch (6) is a rigid latch, which connects different components through the latch holes of each component; the eight latches (6) are respectively placed in the eight latch slide grooves of the housing (3) and move in the latch slide grooves of the housing (3); The housing (3), rigid connecting rod (5) and latch (6) are rigid structures, and the positive electrode interface rod (1), negative electrode interface rod (2) and tension spring (4) are elastic structures; The mechanical diode element converts an alternating positive and negative displacement signal input to a positive interface A into a signal with only positive displacement at a negative interface B, and at the same time only allows the displacement signal to be transmitted from the positive interface A to the negative interface B, but prevents the displacement signal from being transmitted back from the negative interface B to the positive interface A.

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