A hydrological monitoring system and device

Abstract

The application provides a hydrological monitoring system and equipment, which comprises a control module, a signal processing module, a communication module and a power module; the control module is used for sampling, controlling and calculating and analyzing data of signals transmitted by each module; the signal processing module is used for expanding signal channels, measuring signals transmitted by each sensor and processing signals transmitted by each sensor; the communication module is used for realizing communication between each module and between each module and a network; and the power module is used for providing input power and controlling power consumption of each module. The application basically supports all types of monitoring sensors in the hydrological industry by adopting a circuit interface design of multi-parameter measurement, has strong compatibility, can meet monitoring access requirements, and can adapt to various hydrological monitoring scenes by supporting remote upgrading through an internal microcontroller, upgrading corresponding intelligent data processing algorithms according to data processing requirements and utilizing strong near-end and remote data access capabilities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of hydrological engineering technology, and in particular to a hydrological monitoring system and equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrological monitoring is of great significance in the construction of water conservancy projects, projects near lakes and rivers, and disaster relief and prevention. Its crucial role is undeniable. Hydrological monitoring is a vital means of flood forecasting, flood control command, safe scheduling of water conservancy projects, and water resource management and protection. my country has numerous rivers distributed across a wide area, and management departments often encounter the following problems when implementing hydrological monitoring: high cost of manual monitoring, remote monitoring locations, inconvenient transportation, significant safety hazards during the flood season, the need for frequent on-site data collection, lack of on-site power supply, and even the absence of communication network coverage in some areas. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a hydrological monitoring system and equipment to at least address the shortcomings of the aforementioned related technologies.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a hydrological monitoring system, including a control module, a signal processing module, a communication module, and a power supply module:

[0005] The control module is used to sample and control the signals transmitted by each module, as well as to calculate and analyze the data.

[0006] The signal processing module is used to expand the signal channel, measure the signals transmitted by each sensor, and process the signals transmitted by each sensor.

[0007] The communication module is used to enable communication between the various modules and between the various modules and the network;

[0008] The power module is used to provide input power and control the power consumption of each module.

[0009] In some embodiments, the control module includes a microcontroller, which is used to sample and control the signals transmitted by each module and to calculate and analyze the data. The microcontroller can monitor multiple communication interfaces and push the data in the data storage to the corresponding communication interface according to a preset protocol format when there is a data interaction requirement.

[0010] In some embodiments, the signal processing module includes a multiplexer, a signal relay, a voltage measurement circuit, and a current measurement circuit. The multiplexer is used to expand the analog signal channel, and the signal relay is used to switch the voltage signal and the current signal to the voltage measurement circuit and the current measurement circuit to realize the measurement of the voltage and current signal output sensors.

[0011] In some embodiments, the signal processing module further includes a digital input circuit, a digital output circuit, and a Gray code signal input circuit. The digital input circuit is used to determine the on / off state of an external electrical signal, the digital output circuit is used to drive the power supply of an external load, and the Gray code signal input circuit is used to monitor the output signal of the water level gauge output by the external Gray code signal.

[0012] In some embodiments, the communication module includes an SDI-12 serial bus driver circuit for measuring SDI-12 bus-based sensors.

[0013] In some embodiments, the communication module further includes a PoE Ethernet interface, a wireless local area network (WLAN) communication unit, and a wireless wide area network (WAN) communication unit. The PoE Ethernet interface is used to enable the access of the network camera, the WLAN communication unit is used to enable wireless interaction of near-end data, and the WAN communication unit is used to enable wireless interaction of far-end data.

[0014] In some embodiments, the communication module further includes an RS485 communication interface and an RS232 communication interface. The RS485 communication interface is used to drive sensors based on the RS485 interface, and the RS232 communication interface is used to drive sensors based on the RS232 interface. When the monitoring point is not covered by the network, it can be connected to the Beidou device through the RS232 communication interface to transmit messages using the Beidou system.

[0015] In some embodiments, the power module includes a low-power power management unit, which is used to enable low-power operation of each module.

[0016] In some embodiments, the control module further includes an RTC real-time clock and a storage unit. The RTC real-time clock is used to timestamp data and record real-time time, and the storage unit is used to store various homogeneous or heterogeneous data collected by the microcontroller as a secure backup.

[0017] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a hydrological monitoring device, which includes a microcontroller, a multiplexer, a signal relay, a voltage measurement circuit, a current measurement circuit, a digital input circuit, a digital output circuit, a Gray code signal input circuit, an SDI-12 serial bus driver circuit, a PoE Ethernet interface, a wireless LAN communication module, a wireless WAN communication module, an RS485 communication interface, an RS232 communication interface, a low-power power management module, an RTC real-time clock, and a storage module.

[0018] The microcontroller controls the multiplexer to expand the analog signal channel; the microcontroller switches voltage and current signals to the voltage and current measurement circuits via the signal relays to achieve voltage and current signal output sensor measurement; the microcontroller monitors the signals of the switch input circuit to determine the on / off state of external electrical signals; the microcontroller drives the power supply of the external load through the switch output circuit; the microcontroller monitors the output signal of the water level gauge output by the external Gray code signal through the Gray code signal input circuit; the microcontroller uses the SDI-12 serial converter... The line-driven circuit measures sensors based on the SDI-12 bus; the microcontroller accesses data from near-end or far-end via the PoE Ethernet interface, the wireless LAN communication module, the wireless WAN communication module, the RS485 communication interface, and the RS232 communication interface; the microcontroller enables low-power operation of each module through the low-power power management module; the microcontroller timestamps and records real-time time on the data via the RTC real-time clock; and the microcontroller stores various homogeneous or heterogeneous data collected by the hydrological monitoring equipment as a secure backup via the storage module.

[0019] Compared to related technologies, the hydrological monitoring system and equipment provided in this application, through the adoption of a multi-parameter measurement circuit interface design, basically supports all types of monitoring sensors that can be used in the hydrological industry. It has strong compatibility and can meet the monitoring access requirements for different monitoring scenarios. At the same time, through the internal microcontroller, it supports remote upgrades and can upgrade the corresponding intelligent data processing algorithms according to data processing requirements. Furthermore, by utilizing its powerful near-end and far-end data access capabilities, this invention can adapt to various hydrological monitoring scenarios, solving the problem of high costs for manual monitoring in the current hydrological industry, especially for monitoring points in remote areas without power supply or network coverage, and can adapt well to these situations.

[0020] Details of one or more embodiments of this application are set forth in the following drawings and description to make other features, objects and advantages of this application more readily apparent. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the hydrological monitoring system in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of the control module in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of the signal processing module in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of the communication module in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of the power module in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the voltage measurement circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the switch input circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the switch output circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the SDI-12 serial bus driver circuit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a structural block diagram of the hydrological monitoring device in the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Explanation of key component symbols:

[0033] Multiplexer 1 Low-power power management module 14 signal relay 2 Storage module 15 Voltage measurement circuit 3 RTC Real-Time Clock 16 Current measurement circuit 4 microcontroller 17 Switch input circuit 5 storage unit 18 Switch output circuit 6 Wireless LAN communication unit 19 Gray code signal input circuit 7 Wireless Wide Area Network Communication Unit 20 SDI-12 serial bus driver circuit 8 Low-power power management unit 21 PoE Ethernet interface 9 Control module 100 Wireless LAN communication module 10 Signal processing module 200 Wireless WAN communication module 11 Communication module 300 RS485 communication interface 12 Power module 400 RS232 communication interface 13

[0034] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will further illustrate the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application is described and illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments provided in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are merely some examples or embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art can apply this application to other similar scenarios based on these drawings without any inventive effort. Furthermore, it is understood that although the efforts made in this development process may be complex and lengthy, for those skilled in the art related to the content disclosed in this application, any changes to design, manufacturing, or production based on the technical content disclosed in this application are merely conventional technical means and should not be construed as insufficient disclosure of the content of this application.

[0037] In this application, the reference to "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application may be combined with other embodiments without conflict.

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms “a,” “an,” “an,” “the,” and similar words used in this application do not indicate quantity limitation and may indicate singular or plural. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and any variations thereof used in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or modules (units) is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may also include steps or units not listed, or may include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. The terms “connected,” “linked,” “coupled,” and similar words used in this application are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. “Multiple” used in this application refers to two or more. “And / or” describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships may exist; for example, “A and / or B” can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship. The terms "first," "second," and "third" used in this application are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects.

[0039] First, it needs to be explained that:

[0040] Hydrological monitoring is a complex and comprehensive system engineering project that uses scientific methods to monitor, measure, analyze, and provide early warnings about the spatial and temporal distribution and changing patterns of water in nature. Hydrological monitoring systems are suitable for hydrological departments to monitor hydrological parameters of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, canals, and groundwater in real time. Monitoring content includes: water level, flow rate, flow velocity, rainfall (snow), evaporation, sediment, ice formation, soil moisture, and water quality. Hydrological monitoring systems use wireless communication to transmit monitoring data in real time, which can greatly improve the work efficiency of hydrological departments.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] Please see Figures 1 to 9 The figure shows a hydrological monitoring system according to the first embodiment of the present invention, including a control module 100, a signal processing module 200, a communication module 300, and a power supply module 400.

[0043] The control module 100 is used to sample and control the signals transmitted by each module, as well as to calculate and analyze the data.

[0044] The signal processing module 200 is used to expand the signal channel, measure the signals transmitted by each sensor, and process the signals transmitted by each sensor.

[0045] The communication module 300 is used to realize communication between each module and between each module and the network;

[0046] The power module 400 is used to provide input power and control the power consumption of each module.

[0047] Furthermore, the control module 100 includes a microcontroller 17, which is used to sample and control the signals transmitted by each module and to calculate and analyze the data. The microcontroller 17 can monitor multiple communication interfaces and push the data in the data storage to the corresponding communication interface according to a preset protocol format when there is a data interaction requirement.

[0048] Understandably, the microcontroller 17 employs a 32-bit microcontroller with a sleep function, ensuring minimal system power consumption while maintaining sufficient computing power. The microcontroller 17 is used for sampling and controlling various signals, as well as for data computation and analysis. Through intelligent data algorithms, it enables the RTU to possess certain near-end service capabilities, i.e., edge computing capabilities, reducing the computing pressure on the cloud. Common data processing algorithms, such as data validity assessment, allow the microcontroller 17 to determine the validity of current data based on historical data trends and set boundary conditions. If the current data is abnormal, the microcontroller 17 can autonomously choose to re-measure or discard the current data, while simultaneously reporting the anomaly to the platform for backup.

[0049] The microcontroller 17 also monitors multiple communication interfaces simultaneously. When there is a need for data interaction, it pushes the data in the data storage to the corresponding communication interface according to the specified protocol format.

[0050] Specifically, the signal processing module 200 includes a multiplexer 1, a signal relay 2, a voltage measurement circuit 3, and a current measurement circuit 4. The multiplexer 1 is used to expand the analog signal channel, and the signal relay 2 is used to switch the voltage signal and the current signal to the voltage measurement circuit 3 and the current measurement circuit 4 to realize the measurement of the voltage and current signal output sensors.

[0051] Understandably, multiplexer 1 and signal relay 2 are mainly responsible for expanding signal channels. They use a signal chain to acquire signals from multiple channels. Since static physical quantities do not require data synchronization, using multiplexer 1 for signal switching and expansion is the most economical way.

[0052] In this application, eight channels are used for analog signal measurement, so an 8:1 multiplexer is selected to expand the eight channels of analog signals. The power supply method of the multiplexer 1 needs to be matched according to the signal type. Furthermore, this application adopts a single-supply system design, supporting voltage signal inputs up to 0~10V. The signal relay 2 is connected to the stage following the multiplexer 1 and is used to switch between the voltage measurement circuit 3 and the current measurement circuit 4. The selection signals for the multiplexer 1 and the signal relay 2 come from the microcontroller 17.

[0053] Please see Figure 6 The diagram shows a schematic of the voltage measurement circuit 3 in an embodiment of the present invention. The voltage signal measurement circuit is used to measure the external voltage signal output sensor. It has signal conditioning and processing functions, and can convert a wide-range external bipolar signal into a signal range that can be processed by subsequent circuits according to the circuit transfer function. The voltage signal measurement circuit uses a non-inverting proportional amplifier circuit to convert the external 0~10V voltage signal to a 0~2.5V range, so that this signal range can match the input range of the built-in analog-to-digital converter of the microcontroller 17.

[0054] The current signal measurement circuit is used to measure the sensor outputting an external current signal. This circuit samples the current signal and converts it into a signal range that can be adapted to the next stage circuit according to the circuit's transfer function. The current signal measurement circuit adopts a circuit structure of sampling resistor and non-inverting amplifier circuit to measure external 4~20mA current signals. By calculating and selecting the parameters of the non-inverting amplifier circuit, the transfer function is made to meet the signal conversion requirements, effectively converting the 4~20mA current signal into 0~2.5V.

[0055] In this application, the signal processing module 200 further includes a switch input circuit 5, a switch output circuit 6, and a Gray code signal input circuit 7. The switch input circuit 5 is used to determine the on / off state of external electrical signals, the switch output circuit 6 is used to drive the power supply of external loads, and the Gray code signal input circuit 7 is used to monitor the output signal of the water level gauge output by the external Gray code signal.

[0056] Please see Figure 7 The diagram shows a schematic of the circuit structure of the digital input circuit 5 in this embodiment of the invention. It can be understood that the digital input circuit 5 can monitor the on / off state of external electrical signals and convert these signals into I / O levels for the microcontroller 17. Digital input typically uses optocouplers for electrical isolation and level conversion. The digital input circuit 5 supports dry contact signal input, internally coupled using optocouplers. The signal, after optocoupler isolation and level conversion, serves as the interrupt signal input source for the microcontroller 17.

[0057] Please see Figure 8 The diagram shows a schematic of the circuit structure of the switch output circuit 6 in an embodiment of the present invention. It can be understood that the switch output circuit 6 can be used to control the on / off state of external load signals or power supplies, and generally uses a signal relay 2 or a power relay to control the external circuit. The switch output circuit 6 supports both passive and active external connections, and uses signal or power relays to control the output logic.

[0058] The Gray code signal input circuit 7 can be used to measure sensors that output Gray code digital signals, such as Gray code level gauges. The measurement of the Gray code signal also uses optocouplers for electrical isolation and level conversion. The Gray code signal input circuit 7 is used to measure Gray code signal output sensors, commonly used in hydrological industries for level gauges. These output binary Gray code digital signals, but because their output level does not match the interface level of the microcontroller 17, and safety considerations are also taken into account, this RTU uses an optocoupler isolation chip to achieve both isolation and level conversion, and is designed to support up to 16-bit Gray code signal input. Considering the waste of I / O port resources of the microcontroller 17, after the Gray code signal passes through the optocoupler chip, it is then converted from a parallel Gray code signal to a serial output through an I / O expander via the IIC interface.

[0059] Furthermore, the communication module 300 includes an SDI-12 serial bus driver circuit 8, a PoE Ethernet interface 9, a wireless local area network (WLAN) communication unit 19, and a wireless wide area network (WAN) communication unit 20. The SDI-12 serial bus driver circuit 8 is used to measure sensors based on the SDI-12 bus; the PoE Ethernet interface 9 is used to enable network camera access; the WLAN communication unit 19 is used to enable wireless interaction of near-end data; and the WAN communication unit 20 is used to enable wireless interaction of far-end data.

[0060] Please see Figure 9 The diagram shows a schematic of the SDI-12 serial bus driver circuit 8 in an embodiment of the present invention. It can be understood that the SDI-12 serial bus driver circuit 8 is used to measure sensors based on the SDI-12 interface. The SDI-12 serial bus interface is a standard serial data communication interface at 1200 baud rate, specifying the communication format between a DC-powered RTU and a digital interface sensor in environmental parameter monitoring. It is highly reliable, low-cost, and suitable for applications in harsh environments. In accordance with the SDI-12 specification, this application adds a self-resetting fuse to the SDI-12 digital interface and power interface, and performs impedance matching. Since SDI-12 is a bidirectional single bus, and considering reliability, electrical isolation of the bus is required; therefore, an IIC-to-serial interface conversion chip is used.

[0061] It should be understood that the PoE Ethernet interface 9 is an Ethernet interface with PoE power supply function. It can drive a regular PoE camera to read image or video data with only one network cable, which facilitates the integration of field equipment and cameras. At the same time, the PoE Ethernet interface 9 is mainly used for external Internet connection or integration of PoE network port cameras, which meets the requirements of IEEE 802.3af (PoE level) standard.

[0062] The wireless LAN communication unit 19 is mainly used for near-end access and data interaction with the RTU device, such as configuring the RTU's working mode, reading its working status, and downloading data via a mobile APP through Bluetooth or WIFI. This part adopts a module solution integrating Bluetooth and WIFI. The microcontroller 17 communicates with it through a serial interface to realize the near-end connection of the system. Generally, after on-site deployment, users can use their mobile phones to configure the system's operating parameters.

[0063] The wireless wide area network communication unit 20 uses communication modules such as 4G or 5G (NB-IoT) to remotely access and control the system via the mobile communication network, enabling data uploading to the cloud. This part is mainly responsible for establishing a connection with the mobile communication network and reporting data to the cloud server. The system supports the access of 4G communication modules, NB-IoT modules, and LoRaWAN modules. For scenarios with mobile communication network coverage, 4G or NB-IoT modules can be used. For areas with a relatively high density of monitoring stations, LoRaWAN modules can be used to form a regional network, which is then connected to the Internet through a gateway.

[0064] Furthermore, the communication module 300 also includes an RS485 communication interface 12 and an RS232 communication interface 13. The RS485 communication interface 12 is used to drive the RS485 interface-based sensor and is mainly responsible for measuring the digital intelligent sensor of the RS485 interface. This RS485 interface also has the ability to supply power to the outside, which facilitates system integration.

[0065] The RS232 communication interface 13 is used to drive sensors based on the RS232 interface. When the monitoring point has no network coverage, it can connect to Beidou equipment through the RS232 communication interface 13 to transmit messages using the Beidou system. The RS232 communication interface 13 in this application has a reserved debugging port for system debugging and testing, and can also be used as a communication interface for the Beidou module. This interface provides high current power supply capability. When the monitoring station is deployed in an area without network coverage, data transmission can be performed by using the system plus the Beidou communication module.

[0066] Specifically, the power module 400 includes a low-power power management unit 21, which is used to enable low-power operation of each module.

[0067] Understandably, the low-power power management unit 21 monitors the total load current and input power supply voltage. Power consumption control of each internal circuit module enables low-power operation of the device, allowing the system to utilize a more economical photovoltaic power supply.

[0068] The power input interface of the power module 400 adopts a two-stage surge protection design and monitors the system current and external power supply voltage at regular intervals. In terms of power distribution inside the power module 400, except for the microcontroller 17 which needs to be continuously powered, other loads are controlled by electronic switches to achieve system power consumption control. At the same time, the linear regulator and DC-DC converter inside the power module 400 adopt low quiescent current models to ensure the overall power consumption performance of the system.

[0069] In this application, the control module 100 further includes an RTC real-time clock 16 and a storage unit 18. The RTC real-time clock 16 is used to mark data with timestamps and record real-time time. The storage unit 18 is used to store various homogeneous or heterogeneous data collected by the microcontroller 17 as a safe backup.

[0070] Understandably, the RTC real-time clock 16 is used to timestamp data and record real-time time. The time synchronization signal comes from a mobile communication network or a fixed Ethernet. The RTC real-time clock 16 provides a local timestamp, which is marked on each data packet collected by the system. In this application, the storage unit 18 is selected as a solid-state SD card or storage hardware or software with the same storage function. The solid-state SD card is used for local backup and storage of data collected by the system. Compared with mechanical SD cards, solid-state SD cards have high reliability and will not be affected by vibration causing the memory card to loosen, making them suitable for field applications.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] Please see Figure 10 The hydrological monitoring device shown in the second embodiment of the present invention includes a microcontroller 17, a multiplexer 1, a signal relay 2, a voltage measurement circuit 3, a current measurement circuit 4, a switch input circuit 5, a switch output circuit 6, a Gray code signal input circuit 7, an SDI-12 serial bus driver circuit 8, a PoE Ethernet interface 9, a wireless local area network communication module 10, a wireless wide area network communication module 11, an RS485 communication interface 12, an RS232 communication interface 13, a low-power power management module 14, an RTC real-time clock 16, and a storage module 15.

[0073] The microcontroller 17 controls the multiplexer 1 to expand the analog signal channel; the microcontroller 17 switches voltage and current signals to the voltage measurement circuit 3 and the current measurement circuit 4 via the signal relay 2 to realize the measurement of voltage and current signals by the output sensor; the microcontroller 17 determines the on / off state of external electrical signals by monitoring the signal of the switch input circuit 5; the microcontroller 17 drives the power supply of the external load through the switch output circuit 6; the microcontroller 17 monitors the output signal of the water level gauge output by the external Gray code signal through the Gray code signal input circuit 7; and the microcontroller 17 drives the SDI-12 serial bus. Circuit 8 measures sensors based on the SDI-12 bus; the microcontroller 17 accesses data at near or far ends through the PoE Ethernet interface 9, the wireless LAN communication module 10, the wireless WAN communication module 11, the RS485 communication interface 12, and the RS232 communication interface 13; the microcontroller 17 achieves low-power operation of each module through the low-power power management module 14; the microcontroller 17 timestamps data and records real-time time through the RTC real-time clock 16; the microcontroller 17 stores various homogeneous or heterogeneous data collected by the hydrological monitoring equipment as a safe backup through the storage module 15.

[0074] The functions or operation steps implemented by the above modules are largely the same as those in the above system embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0075] The hydrological monitoring equipment provided in this embodiment of the invention has the same implementation principle and technical effects as the aforementioned system embodiment. For the sake of brevity, any parts not mentioned in the equipment embodiment can be referred to the corresponding content in the aforementioned system embodiment.

[0076] In summary, the hydrological monitoring system and equipment in the above embodiments of the present invention, through the adoption of a multi-parameter measurement circuit interface design, basically supports all types of monitoring sensors used in the hydrological industry, has strong compatibility, and can meet the monitoring access requirements for different monitoring scenarios. At the same time, through the internal microcontroller supporting remote upgrades, it can upgrade the corresponding intelligent data processing algorithms according to data processing requirements. Furthermore, by utilizing its powerful near-end and far-end data access capabilities, the present invention can adapt to various hydrological monitoring scenarios, solving the problem of high costs of manual monitoring in the current hydrological industry, especially for monitoring points in remote areas without power supply or network coverage, and can adapt well to these situations.

[0077] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0078] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hydrological monitoring system, characterized in that, The control module is used for sampling, controlling and calculating and analyzing data of signals transmitted by each module. The signal processing module is used for expanding signal channels, measuring signals transmitted by each sensor and processing signals transmitted by each sensor. The communication module is used for realizing communication between each module and between each module and a network. The power module is used for providing input power and controlling power consumption of each module. The signal processing module includes a multiplexer, a signal relay, a voltage measurement circuit and a current measurement circuit. The control module includes a microcontroller used for sampling and controlling signals transmitted by each module and calculating and analyzing data.

2. The hydrological monitoring system of claim 1, wherein, The signal processing module further includes a switching value input circuit, a switching value output circuit and a Gray code signal input circuit.

3. The hydrological monitoring system of claim 1, wherein, The communication module includes an SDI-12 serial bus driving circuit used for measuring a sensor based on an SDI-12 bus.

4. The hydrological monitoring system of claim 1, wherein, ​ 5. The hydrological monitoring system of claim 4, wherein, The communication module further comprises a PoE Ethernet interface, a wireless local area network communication unit and a wireless wide area network communication unit, the PoE Ethernet interface is used to realize the access of the network camera, the wireless local area network communication unit is used to realize the wireless interaction of the near-end data, and the wireless wide area network communication unit is used to realize the wireless interaction of the remote data.

6. The hydrological monitoring system of claim 5, wherein, The communication module further comprises an RS485 communication interface and an RS232 communication interface, the RS485 communication interface is used to drive the sensor based on the RS485 interface, and the RS232 communication interface is used to drive the sensor based on the RS232 interface; when there is no network coverage at the monitoring point, the Beidou device can be connected through the RS232 communication interface, and the message is transmitted by using the Beidou system.

7. The hydrological monitoring system of claim 1, wherein, The power module comprises a low-power power management unit, which is used to realize the low-power operation of each module.

8. The hydrological monitoring system of claim 2, wherein, The control module further comprises an RTC real-time clock and a storage unit, the RTC real-time clock is used to mark the timestamp of the data and record the real-time time, and the storage unit is used to store the various types of homogeneous or heterogeneous data collected by the microcontroller as a security backup.

9. A hydrological monitoring device, characterized by The hydrological monitoring device comprises a microcontroller, a multiplexer, a signal relay, a voltage measurement circuit, a current measurement circuit, a switching value input circuit, a switching value output circuit, a Gray code signal input circuit, an SDI-12 serial bus driving circuit, a PoE Ethernet interface, a wireless local area network communication module, a wireless wide area network communication module, an RS485 communication interface, an RS232 communication interface, a low-power power management module, an RTC real-time clock and a storage module; The microcontroller controls the multiplexer to expand the analog signal channel, the microcontroller switches the voltage signal and the current signal to the voltage measurement circuit and the current measurement circuit through the signal relay to realize the measurement of the voltage and current signal output sensor; the microcontroller judges the on-off state of the external electrical signal by monitoring the signal of the switching value input circuit; the microcontroller drives the power supply of the external load through the switching value output circuit; the microcontroller monitors the output signal of the water level meter output by the external Gray code signal through the Gray code signal input circuit; the microcontroller measures the sensor based on the SDI-12 bus through the SDI-12 serial bus driving circuit; the microcontroller accesses the near-end or remote data through the PoE Ethernet interface, the wireless local area network communication module, the wireless wide area network communication module, the RS485 communication interface and the RS232 communication interface; the microcontroller realizes the low-power operation of each module through the low-power power management module; the microcontroller realizes the marking of the timestamp of the data and the recording of the real-time time through the RTC real-time clock; and the microcontroller stores the various types of homogeneous or heterogeneous data collected by the hydrological monitoring device as a security backup through the storage module.

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