Shield tunnel segments and operation methods thereof

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a shield tunnel segment, comprising: a shield segment body, whose inner wall surface is provided with grouting holes and communication holes, and a plurality of grouting channels connected with the grouting holes are provided inside the shield segment body; a power box, which is arranged on the inner wall surface of the shield segment body; a plurality of lifting support systems, which are used to monitor the pressure of the soil layer around the tunnel on the shield segment body; a plurality of telescopic anchor rod systems, which are used to grout and reinforce the soil layer around the tunnel, each telescopic anchor rod system comprising: a telescopic anchor rod, which is arranged at the center of the lifting support system, one end of the telescopic anchor rod is connected to the grouting channel, and the other end has a plurality of small holes and can extend into the soil layer around the tunnel; a plurality of segment misalignment electrical measurement systems, which are used to monitor the misalignment value between segments; at the same time, the present disclosure also provides an operation method based on the above-mentioned shield tunnel segment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering equipment, and in particular to a shield tunnel segment and an operation method thereof, specifically a new shield segment with an attached lifting support suitable for soft soil formations. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the economy and advancement of science and technology, my country's urbanization process is accelerating, and the urban population is also rapidly increasing, which in turn has brought unprecedented pressure to urban transportation. Due to the relatively limited ground space, ground transportation in many large cities is close to saturation. To resolve the contradiction between insufficient ground transportation capacity and continued population growth, underground transportation has begun to develop gradually. Subways are widely constructed in major cities due to their convenient, fast, and efficient transportation features. Shield tunneling is widely used in urban tunnels due to its advantages such as no impact on ground traffic, high excavation speed, and no noise pollution. However, as the subway continues to develop, many problems have emerged in its construction and operation. In areas like Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Tianjin, the soil is mostly soft, characterized by high compressibility, low strength, and high sensitivity. This soil is highly susceptible to uneven settlement. The critical load-bearing structure in shield tunnels is the lining ring, composed of shield segments. Under the influence of soil settlement, the tunnel segments can shift, causing structural fractures and water leakage. If the shift develops too quickly and the danger is not discovered in time, it can cause tunnel collapse, resulting in irreparable damage. The rapid development of shield tunnels in soft soil areas and the increasing requirements for tunnel lining shift in major cities have made the modification and optimization of shield tunnel segment structures of great significance.

[0003] Traditional shield tunnel segments have the following problems: in order to reduce the damage caused by soft soil settlement to the tunnel, certain surface grouting reinforcement will be carried out in areas with severe settlement. However, surface grouting is uneven and uncertain, the grouting effect is relatively poor, and while occupying surface space, it will greatly increase the project cost; when uneven settlement occurs in the stratum, the distribution of external forces on the segments changes, and force concentration occurs in some positions. The segments are assembled, and the friction between the segment joints and the segments alone is difficult to resist external forces, which causes the segments to misalign, reducing the bearing capacity and waterproofing capacity of the segments; when the tunnel segment misalignment develops rapidly and exceeds the misalignment limit, there is no timely alarm device to issue an early warning, resulting in delayed rescue. In severe cases, it may cause tunnel collapse, bringing great harm and irreparable losses. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (1) Technical issues to be resolved

[0005] Based on the above problems, the present disclosure provides a shield tunnel segment and its operation method to alleviate the technical problems in the existing technology, such as surface grouting in soft soil layers occupies a lot of ground space, low grouting efficiency, longitudinal or circumferential dislocation of the segments due to uneven settlement of the soil layer, reduced bearing capacity and waterproofing capacity of the segments, and inability to monitor and feedback in real time when the segment dislocation exceeds the limit.

[0006] (2) Technical solution

[0007] The present invention provides a shield tunnel segment, comprising: a shield segment body, the inner wall of which is provided with grouting holes and communication holes, and a plurality of grouting channels connected to the grouting holes are provided inside the shield segment body; a power supply box is provided on the inner wall of the shield segment body; a plurality of lifting support systems are provided on the shield segment body for monitoring the pressure of the soil layer around the tunnel on the shield segment body; a plurality of telescopic anchor rod systems are used for grouting and reinforcing the soil layer around the tunnel, and each telescopic anchor rod system comprises: a telescopic anchor rod, which is a hollow rod, provided with At the center of the lifting support system, one end of the telescopic anchor rod is connected to the grouting channel, and the other end has multiple small holes and can extend into the soil layer around the tunnel; multiple pipe segment misalignment electrical measurement systems are used to monitor the misalignment value between pipe segments and determine whether the misalignment amount exceeds the limit. Each pipe segment misalignment electrical measurement system includes: a magnetic resistor block, which is connected to the power box through a wire. The magnetic resistor block is set at the edge of the shield pipe segment body and is connected to a spring. When the magnetic resistor blocks between adjacent pipe segments are misaligned, the resistance changes, thereby obtaining the corresponding misalignment value.

[0008] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, each lifting support system includes: a hydraulic lifting support, which is arranged on the outer wall of the shield segment body corresponding to the grouting channel; a casing, which is sleeved on the outside of the hydraulic lifting support; and a pressure sensor, which is arranged on the top of the hydraulic lifting support and can be raised and lowered synchronously with the hydraulic lifting support to monitor the pressure of the soil layer around the tunnel on the shield segment body.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the telescopic anchor system also includes: a pressure monitor, which is arranged in each telescopic anchor and is used to monitor the grouting pressure of the corresponding telescopic anchor during grouting; and a grouting switch, which is used to selectively control the grouting status of the corresponding telescopic anchor according to the grouting pressure monitored by the pressure monitor.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the polarities of the magnetic resistance blocks located at corresponding positions on adjacent shield segments are opposite.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the built-in spring is used to extend when a certain amount of opening occurs between adjacent shield segments, thereby keeping the circuit in an on state.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a gap is provided between the sleeve and the hydraulic lifting support, and the gap is 5 mm.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a portion of the telescopic anchor rod extending into the soil layer surrounding the tunnel is provided with a plurality of small holes along the axial direction, and the small holes are used for grouting into the soil layer.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the wire is arranged in the grouting channel, and a protective box is provided on the outer sleeve of the wire.

[0015] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a shield tunnel segment operation method, wherein the shield tunnel segment according to any one of the above items is used for operation, and the operation method comprises:

[0016] Operation S1: Based on engineering survey data and engineering experience, determine the extent of surrounding soil reinforcement required to maintain tunnel stability and minimize deformation, thereby determining the required extension length of the telescopic anchors.

[0017] Operation S2: Control the hydraulic lifting support system to rise until it contacts the soil layer around the tunnel, and extend the telescopic anchor rod into the soil layer for grouting;

[0018] Operation S3: monitoring the grouting pressure of each telescopic anchor during grouting, thereby selectively controlling the grouting state of the corresponding telescopic anchor to complete the grouting;

[0019] Operation S4: monitoring the pressure of the soil layer surrounding the tunnel borne by each hydraulic lift support system, and applying a force equal to the pressure to the soil layer through the corresponding hydraulic lift support system of the tunnel segment on the opposite side to maintain the overall force balance of the lining ring; and

[0020] Operation S5: Monitor the misalignment value of each segment as monitored by the misalignment electrical measurement system.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the misalignment value exceeds a set threshold, the corresponding segment misalignment electrical measurement system will issue a warning to the construction personnel or management personnel.

[0022] (3) Beneficial effects

[0023] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the shield tunnel segments and the operation method thereof disclosed in the present invention have at least one or part of the following beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) Grouting reinforcement is performed on the soil around the tunnel using telescopic anchors. The embedding effect of the anchors and the reinforcement of the grout suppress the longitudinal seam misalignment of the segments.

[0025] (2) By monitoring the pressure on the segments in real time through pressure sensors and applying pressure to the hydraulic lifting supports of the opposite segment, the overall stress state of the lining ring can be adjusted in real time, effectively suppressing the annular gap misalignment of the segments caused by uneven soil settlement.

[0026] (3) When misalignment occurs between adjacent segments, the magnetic resistance blocks of the two segments will shift. The segment misalignment value can be measured based on the resistance change, and the misalignment value can be fed back in real time, so that timely remedial measures can be taken when the tunnel segment misalignment exceeds the limit to reduce losses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a side structural schematic diagram of the shield tunnel segment according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the shield tunnel segment according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 3 It is a partial schematic diagram of the lifting support system in the shield tunnel segment of the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the grouting channel and the rigid protection box in the shield tunnel segment of the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 5 It is a flow chart of the shield tunnel segment operation method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] [Description of the main component symbols of the embodiment of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings]

[0033] 1- grouting hole; 2- communication hole; 3- magnetic resistance block; 4- circular casing;

[0034] 5-Hydraulic lifting support; 6-Telescopic anchor rod; 7-Rigid protection box; 8-Conducting wire;

[0035] 9-pressure sensor; 10-grouting channel; 11-micro power box; 12-built-in spring;

[0036] 13- Grouting switch; 14- Pressure monitor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present disclosure provides a shield tunnel segment and an operation method thereof, which can efficiently reinforce the soil around the tunnel, effectively suppress the longitudinal joint misalignment of the tunnel segment, and alleviate the uneven force on the tunnel lining ring caused by uneven settlement of the soil layer, thereby effectively suppressing the annular joint misalignment of the tunnel segment. The misalignment of the segment is accurately measured by the sliding of the magnetic resistance block, so that timely remediation can be achieved when the tunnel misalignment exceeds the limit, ultimately achieving the purpose of improving construction efficiency and ensuring construction and operation safety.

[0038] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more clearly understood, the present disclosure is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a shield tunnel segment in a soft soil layer is provided, such as Figure 1 As shown, the soft soil shield tunnel segment comprises:

[0040] The shield segment body has a grouting hole 1 and a connecting hole 2 on its inner wall surface, and a plurality of grouting channels 10 connected to the grouting holes are provided inside the shield segment body;

[0041] The power supply box is arranged on the inner wall of the shield segment body;

[0042] Multiple lifting support systems are provided on the shield segment body and are used to monitor the pressure of the soil layer around the tunnel on the shield segment body;

[0043] Multiple telescopic anchor systems are used for grouting and reinforcing the soil layer around the tunnel, each of the telescopic anchor systems comprising:

[0044] A telescopic anchor rod 6, which is a hollow rod, is arranged at the center of the lifting support system. One end of the telescopic anchor rod 6 is connected to the grouting channel 10, and the other end has multiple small holes and can extend into the soil layer around the tunnel;

[0045] Multiple segment misalignment electrical measurement systems are used to monitor the misalignment between segments and determine whether the misalignment exceeds the limit. Each segment misalignment electrical measurement system includes:

[0046] The magnetic resistance block 3 is connected to the power box 11 through a wire. The magnetic resistance block is set at the edge of the shield segment body and is connected to a built-in spring 12. When the magnetic resistance blocks between adjacent segments are displaced, the resistance changes, thereby obtaining the corresponding dislocation value.

[0047] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, each of the lifting support systems includes:

[0048] A hydraulic lifting support 5 is provided on the outer wall surface of the shield segment body corresponding to the grouting channel;

[0049] A sleeve 4 is sleeved outside the hydraulic lifting support; and

[0050] The pressure sensor 9 is arranged on the top of the hydraulic lifting support 5 and can be raised and lowered synchronously with the hydraulic lifting support 5 to monitor the pressure of the soil layer around the tunnel on the shield segment body.

[0051] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the telescopic anchor system further includes: a pressure monitor 14 disposed within each telescopic anchor 6 for monitoring the grouting pressure of the corresponding telescopic anchor during grouting; and a grouting switch 13 for selectively controlling the grouting state of the corresponding telescopic anchor based on the grouting pressure monitored by the pressure monitor. The grouting switch 13 may also be disposed at the intersection of the grouting channel 10 and the outer side of the circular casing 4; the pressure monitor 14 may be disposed on the inner surface of the grouting switch 13.

[0052] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a portion of the telescopic anchor rod 6 extending into the soil layer surrounding the tunnel is provided with a plurality of small holes along the axial direction, and the small holes are used for grouting into the soil layer.

[0053] As a further improvement of the present disclosure, the wires connect the magnetic resistance block, the pressure sensor, the circular casing, the hydraulic lifting support, the telescopic anchor rod, the grouting switch, and the pressure monitor.

[0054] As a further improvement of the present disclosure, the pressure monitor is arranged on the top surface of the hydraulic lifting support, which is used to monitor the changes in soil pressure on the hydraulic lifting support, so as to facilitate the control of the hydraulic lifting support pressure of the opposite side segments in the same lining ring and thus control the overall settlement of the lining ring.

[0055] As a further improvement of the present disclosure, the wire is arranged in the grouting channel, and a rigid protection box 7 is arranged outside the wire 8 to prevent the circuit from being damaged after the slurry solidifies.

[0056] As a further improvement of the present disclosure, the micro power supply box provides the required power for the segment misalignment electrical measurement system.

[0057] As a further improvement of the present disclosure, the circular sleeve and the hydraulic lifting support are not arranged to be in contact, and a gap between the two is 5 mm.

[0058] In the implementation of this disclosure, Figures 1 to 2 As shown, there are three rows and four columns of hydraulic lifting supports. The pressure sensor of the leftmost column of hydraulic lifting supports corresponds to the rightmost column of hydraulic lifting supports on the opposite side segments in the same lining ring, achieving overall force balance of the lining ring when the external force suddenly changes.

[0059] The present disclosure also provides an operation method using the above-mentioned soft soil shield tunnel segment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the operation method of the shield tunnel segment in soft soil stratum includes:

[0060] Operation S1: Based on engineering survey data and engineering experience, determine the extent of surrounding soil reinforcement required to maintain tunnel stability and minimize deformation, thereby determining the required extension length of the telescopic anchors.

[0061] Based on engineering survey data and engineering experience, the reinforcement range of the surrounding soil required to maintain basic stability and minimum deformation of the tunnel is calculated, and then the safety factor method is used to determine the length of the telescopic anchor.

[0062] Operation S2: controlling the hydraulic lifting support system to rise until it contacts the soil layer surrounding the tunnel, and extending the telescopic anchor rod into the soil layer for grouting;

[0063] After the shield segments are connected into a ring, the circular casing and the hydraulic lifting support rise simultaneously until they come into contact with the surrounding soil layer. The telescopic anchor rods are extended and embedded into the surrounding soil layer for grouting. When the grouting machine starts the secondary grouting, the grouting switches in all grouting channels are turned on.

[0064] Operation S3: monitoring the grouting pressure of each telescopic anchor during grouting, thereby selectively controlling the grouting state of the corresponding telescopic anchor to complete the grouting;

[0065] According to the pressure monitor on the grouting switch, the grouting switch that has reached the designed pressure is selectively closed until all telescopic anchors are grouting. The presence of anchor grouting can effectively prevent the longitudinal joint misalignment of the pipe segment.

[0066] Operation S4: Monitor the pressure of the soil layer around the tunnel borne by each hydraulic lifting support system, and apply a force equal to the pressure to the soil layer through the corresponding hydraulic lifting support system of the tunnel segment on the opposite side to maintain the overall force balance of the lining ring.

[0067] When soil settlement occurs, the hydraulic lift supports on the opposite segment of the segment in the affected position apply a pressure equal to the soil settlement pressure to maintain overall force balance within the lining ring. Specifically, when uneven soil settlement occurs, the pressure sensor on the segment where the force is concentrated detects the force change and transmits the pressure increment via an electrical signal to the hydraulic lift supports on the opposite segment within the same lining ring. The hydraulic lift supports then apply the same jacking force to maintain force balance throughout the lining ring. These hydraulic lift supports effectively prevent segment annular joint misalignment.

[0068] Operation S5: monitoring the misalignment value of each segment as monitored by the misalignment electrical measurement system, thereby completing the construction work based on the shield tunnel segment.

[0069] During construction operations or later tunnel management and maintenance, the misalignment value monitored by each segment misalignment electrical measurement system is monitored to understand the misalignment situation between adjacent segments. When misalignment occurs between segments, the magnetic resistor blocks between adjacent segments shift and the resistance changes, thereby obtaining the corresponding misalignment value. When the misalignment value exceeds the set threshold, the corresponding segment misalignment electrical measurement system can issue an audible and visual warning or send information to the management center, so that countermeasures can be taken more promptly.

[0070] The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that any implementations not depicted or described in the drawings or the main text of the specification are known to those skilled in the art and are not described in detail. Furthermore, the above definitions of the various elements and methods are not limited to the various specific structures, shapes, or methods described in the embodiments, and can be easily modified or replaced by those skilled in the art.

[0071] Based on the above description, those skilled in the art should have a clear understanding of the shield tunnel segments and operation methods disclosed herein.

[0072] In summary, the present disclosure provides a shield tunnel segment and an operation method thereof, which reinforces the surrounding soil layer through telescopic anchor rods, improves the soil reinforcement efficiency, increases the stiffness of the surrounding soil layer, and suppresses the longitudinal seam misalignment of the segment. The pressure sensor on the hydraulic lifting support is used to monitor the sudden force change of the segment, and transmits the soil pressure change information to the hydraulic lifting support on the opposite segment in the same lining ring. By applying support pressure, the overall force balance of the lining ring is maintained, and the misalignment of the segment annular seam is minimized to ensure the bearing capacity and waterproofing ability of the shield tunnel segment. When the segment misalignment exceeds the limit, the misalignment information is fed back to the control center in a timely manner, and the risk is remedied in a timely manner to prevent the segment misalignment from exceeding the limit, leading to accidents such as tunnel collapse, and thus causing irreparable losses. The device of the present invention is simple and has high feasibility of implementation. It can improve the efficiency of engineering construction and improve the safety of tunnel construction and operation, and has good application prospects.

[0073] It should also be noted that the directional terms mentioned in the embodiments, such as "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "left," and "right," are merely references to the directions in the accompanying drawings and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Throughout the drawings, identical elements are represented by identical or similar reference numerals. Conventional structures or configurations will be omitted where they may cause confusion in understanding the present disclosure. Furthermore, the shapes and sizes of the components in the drawings do not reflect actual size or proportion, but are merely illustrative of the contents of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0074] The use of ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," and "third" in the specification and claims to modify corresponding elements does not in itself mean that the elements have any ordinal number, nor does it represent the order of one element relative to another or the order in the manufacturing method. The use of such ordinal numbers is only used to clearly distinguish one element with a certain name from another element with the same name.

[0075] Furthermore, unless specifically described or required to occur sequentially, the order of the steps is not limited to the order listed above and may be varied or rearranged based on desired design requirements. Furthermore, the above embodiments may be mixed and matched with each other or with other embodiments based on design and reliability considerations. That is, the technical features of different embodiments may be freely combined to form more embodiments.

[0076] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A shield tunnel segment, comprising: The shield segment body has a grouting hole and a communication hole arranged on its inner wall surface, and a plurality of grouting channels connected to the grouting holes are arranged inside the shield segment body; A power box is arranged on the inner wall of the shield segment body; A plurality of lifting support systems are arranged on the shield segment body and used to monitor the pressure of the soil layer around the tunnel on the shield segment body; A plurality of telescopic anchor systems are used for grouting reinforcement of soil layers around the tunnel, each of the telescopic anchor systems comprising: A telescopic anchor rod, which is a hollow rod, is arranged at the center of the lifting support system, one end of the telescopic anchor rod is connected to the grouting channel, and the other end has a plurality of small holes and can extend into the soil layer around the tunnel; Multiple segment misalignment electrical measurement systems are used to monitor the misalignment value between segments and determine whether the misalignment amount exceeds the limit. Each of the segment misalignment electrical measurement systems includes: The magnetic resistor block is connected to the power box through a wire. The magnetic resistor block is set at the edge of the shield segment body and is connected to a built-in spring. When the magnetic resistor blocks between adjacent segments are dislocated, the resistance changes, thereby obtaining the corresponding dislocation value.

2. According to the shield tunnel segment of claim 1, each of the lifting support systems comprises: A hydraulic lifting support, arranged on the outer wall surface of the shield segment body corresponding to the grouting channel; A sleeve, sleeved outside the hydraulic lifting support; as well as The pressure sensor is arranged on the top of the hydraulic lifting support and can be raised and lowered synchronously with the hydraulic lifting support to monitor the pressure of the soil layer around the tunnel on the shield segment body.

3. According to the shield tunnel segment of claim 1, the telescopic anchor system further comprises: A pressure monitor, disposed in each of the telescopic anchor rods, for monitoring the grouting pressure of the corresponding telescopic anchor rod during grouting; as well as The grouting switch is used to selectively control the grouting state of the corresponding telescopic anchor according to the grouting pressure monitored by the pressure monitor.

4. According to the shield tunnel segment of claim 1, the polarities of the magnetic resistance blocks located at corresponding positions on adjacent shield segments are opposite.

5. According to the shield tunnel segment of claim 1, the built-in spring is used to extend when a certain amount of opening occurs between adjacent shield segments, thereby keeping the circuit in an on state.

6. According to the shield tunnel segment of claim 2, a gap is provided between the casing and the hydraulic lifting support, and the gap is 5 mm.

7. According to the shield tunnel segment of claim 1, a portion of the telescopic anchor rod extending into the soil layer around the tunnel is provided with a plurality of small holes along the axial direction, and the small holes are used for grouting into the soil layer.

8. According to the shield tunnel segment of claim 1, the conductive wire is arranged in the grouting channel, and a protective box is provided on the conductive wire jacket.

9. A shield tunnel segment operation method, using the shield tunnel segment according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for operation, the operation method comprising: Operation S1: Based on the engineering survey data and engineering experience, determine the reinforcement range of the surrounding soil layer required to maintain the stability and minimum deformation of the tunnel, so as to determine the length of the telescopic anchor to be extended; Operation S2: controlling the hydraulic lifting support system to rise until it contacts the soil layer around the tunnel, and extending the telescopic anchor rod into the soil layer for grouting; Operation S3: monitoring the grouting pressure of each telescopic anchor during grouting, thereby selectively controlling the grouting state of the corresponding telescopic anchor to complete the grouting; Operation S4: monitoring the pressure of the soil layer around the tunnel borne by each hydraulic lift support system, and applying a force equal to the pressure to the soil layer through the corresponding hydraulic lift support system of the tunnel segment on the opposite side, so as to maintain the overall force balance of the lining ring; and Operation S5: monitor the misalignment value of each segment as monitored by the misalignment electrical measurement system.

10. According to the shield tunnel segment operation method of claim 9, when the misalignment value exceeds the set threshold, the corresponding segment misalignment electrical measurement system will issue a warning to the construction personnel or management personnel.

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