Tunnel support and support method for combined drilling and blasting + TBM construction

Abstract

The present invention discloses a tunnel support and a support method for combined drilling and blasting + TBM construction, including a tunnel entrance support assembly, a tunnel wall support assembly, and a reinforcement support assembly. The present invention has the following beneficial effects: the tunnel entrance support assembly, the tunnel wall support assembly, and the reinforcement assembly are provided, so that all-round support of the tunnel can be realized to prevent tunnel collapse; the pre-buried front pipe with a plurality of holes is provided on the pre-buried pipe body, and the drill hole can be filled by grouting into the pipe, so that the pre-buried pipe can be firmly inserted in the drill hole; grouting ports are provided on the precast concrete slabs at the bottom ends of both sides of the tunnel wall, and a slurry outlet is provided on the precast concrete slabs at the top end of the tunnel wall, so that grouting reinforcement can be performed from the bottom to the gap between the precast concrete slab and the tunnel wall, and when slurry flows out of the slurry outlet, it indicates that the slurry has been filled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a tunnel support, in particular to a tunnel support and a support method for drill and blast + TBM combined construction, belonging to the technical field of tunnel construction. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel construction will be encountered in the construction of hydropower, railways, highways, subways, etc. Especially in the tunnel excavation process, how to ensure the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock during the construction period is particularly important for the construction process. The support of the tunnel plays a very important role in the normal construction of the project. Once the support structure is not well done, it is easy to cause landslides and other problems, affecting the progress of the construction, and even endangering the lives of the workers in serious cases.

[0003] As for the existing tunnel support, it is often only for supporting the inner wall of the tunnel. However, at the tunnel entrance, due to the vibration of the soil during the construction process, landslides are likely to occur at the tunnel entrance. In addition, the existing tunnel support method often only uses steel structure for support, and its support effect is general and cannot meet the existing construction needs. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel support and a support method for combined drilling and blasting + TBM construction in order to solve the problem.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical scheme: a tunnel support for combined drilling and blasting + TBM construction, comprising:

[0006] A tunnel opening support assembly is arranged outside the tunnel opening of the drilled tunnel for supporting the tunnel opening, and is composed of a pre-buried pipe inserted into a tunnel opening drill hole opened at the tunnel opening, a tunnel opening pre-buried steel bar fixedly connected to the pre-buried pipe by a tie wire, and a reinforcing steel plate attached to the outer wall of the tunnel opening and located outside the pre-buried pipe;

[0007] A tunnel wall support assembly is arranged inside the drilled tunnel to support the tunnel wall, and is composed of a pre-buried pipe inserted into a hole drilled in the tunnel wall, pre-buried steel bars in the tunnel wall fixedly connected to the pre-buried pipe by a tie wire, and a precast concrete slab passing through the pre-buried pipe and spliced ​​in an arc shape in a plane;

[0008] The reinforcement support assembly is arranged in the drilled tunnel and is attached to the outer side of the tunnel wall support assembly to reinforce the tunnel wall support assembly. It is composed of a number of reinforcement I-beams spliced ​​in an arc shape in a plane. The reinforcement I-beams are fixedly connected to the tunnel wall support assembly by bolts passing through the precast concrete slab.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: a plurality of opening boreholes are evenly opened in an arc shape at the opening of the tunnel, and at least two arc-shaped opening pre-embedded steel bars are bound to the embedded pipes inserted in the holes.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: one side of the L-shaped reinforcing steel plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the opening by a fixing pin, and the other side of the reinforcing steel plate is provided with a through hole for passing the embedded rod, and the embedded rod passes through one end of the reinforcing steel plate and is fixedly connected to the embedded steel bars in the opening by a wire tie, and the other end of the embedded rod located on the reinforcing steel plate is threadedly connected with a fastening nut.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: the diameter of the hollow embedded pipe is smaller than the diameter of the drilled hole, the embedded pipe is composed of an embedded front pipe with a plurality of holes on the pipe body and an embedded tail pipe connected to the tail end of the embedded front pipe through a threaded joint, and the front end of the embedded front pipe is arranged in a pointed shape, and an external threaded ring for threaded connection with a nut is arranged on the pipe body of the embedded tail pipe.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: grouting ports are provided on the long strip-shaped precast concrete slabs at the bottom ends of both sides of the cave wall, and grouting ports are provided on the arc-shaped precast concrete slabs at the top ends of the cave wall.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: the reinforcing I-beams are set to corresponding shapes according to the curvature of the hole wall, and adjacent reinforcing I-beams are fixedly connected by bolts passing through butt steel plates welded at both ends.

[0014] A tunnel support for combined drilling and blasting + TBM construction, the support method includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Plan the size of the tunnel according to the construction drawing, and evenly open several opening holes in an arc shape on the outside of the opening, and insert pre-buried pipes in the holes. Fill the holes by grouting the pipes so that the pre-buried pipes can be firmly inserted in the holes. Then, tie two arc-shaped opening pre-buried steel bars, and connect several pre-buried pipes at the opening together to form an arc-shaped steel cage structure.

[0016] Step 2: fix one side of the reinforcement steel plate to the outer wall of the opening through a fixing pin, pass the embedded rod through the other side of the reinforcement steel plate, and make the embedded rod pass through one end of the reinforcement steel plate and fix it with the embedded steel bars of the opening through a wire tie, so that the side of the reinforcement steel plate passing through the embedded rod is used as the upper formwork, and then other formworks are set up, and then concrete is poured to reinforce the opening to prevent the opening from collapsing;

[0017] Step 3: excavate the tunnel entrance by drilling and blasting, and then use TBM to drill and excavate the tunnel. Drill holes on the excavated tunnel wall, and insert embedded pipes in the holes. Fill the holes by grouting the pipes so that the embedded pipes can be firmly inserted in the holes. Then tie arc-shaped embedded steel bars on the tunnel wall, connect several embedded pipes at the tunnel entrance together, and then install precast concrete panels. Fix the precast concrete panels installed on the tunnel wall by tightening nuts.

[0018] Step 4: Grouting reinforcement is carried out from the bottom to the gap between the precast concrete slab and the cave wall. When slurry flows out of the slurry outlet, it indicates that the slurry has been filled. After the concrete solidifies, it can form a support for the cave wall.

[0019] Step 5: Install the reinforced I-beams on the outer side of the precast concrete slab by bolts, and fix the adjacent reinforced I-beams by bolts passing through the butt steel plates welded at both ends to further reinforce the cave wall support assembly.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. The tunnel entrance support components, tunnel wall support components and reinforcement components are provided to achieve all-round support for the tunnel and prevent tunnel collapse;

[0022] 2. The embedded pipe is composed of an embedded front pipe with several holes on the pipe body and an embedded tail pipe connected to the tail end of the embedded front pipe through a threaded joint. The body of the embedded tail pipe is provided with an external thread ring for threaded connection nuts. By tightening the nuts, the concrete poured at the hole opening can be reinforced, and the precast concrete slab installed on the hole wall can be fixed. At the same time, the holes can be filled by grouting into the pipe, so that the embedded pipe can be firmly inserted in the drilled hole;

[0023] 3. Grouting ports are opened on the precast concrete slabs at the bottom of both sides of the tunnel wall, and slurry outlets are opened on the precast concrete slabs at the top of the tunnel wall. Grouting reinforcement can be carried out from the bottom to the gap between the precast concrete slabs and the tunnel wall. When slurry flows out of the slurry outlet, it indicates that the slurry has been filled. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tunnel support assembly of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of the tunnel support assembly of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the embedded pipe of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cave wall support assembly of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the upper structure of the cave wall support assembly of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the cave wall support assembly of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforced I-beam structure of the present invention;

[0032] In the figure: 1. tunnel opening support assembly, 2. tunnel wall support assembly, 3. reinforcement support assembly, 4. tunnel opening drilling, 5. embedded pipe, 6. reinforcement steel plate, 7. fixing pin, 8. embedded steel bar in the tunnel opening, 9. embedded rod, 10. tunnel wall drilling, 11. embedded steel bar in the tunnel wall, 12. precast concrete slab, 13. grouting port, 14. grouting outlet, 15. reinforcement I-beam, 16. butt steel plate, 17. embedded front pipe, 18. hole, 19. embedded tail pipe, 20. threaded butt joint, 21. external thread ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] like Figures 1 to 8 Shown: A tunnel support for combined drilling and blasting + TBM construction, including

[0036] A tunnel opening support assembly 1 is arranged outside the tunnel opening of the drilled tunnel for supporting the tunnel opening, and is composed of a pre-buried pipe 5 inserted into a tunnel opening bore 4 opened at the tunnel opening, a tunnel opening pre-buried steel bar 8 fixedly connected to the pre-buried pipe 5 by a tie wire, and a reinforcing steel plate 6 attached to the outer wall of the tunnel opening and located outside the pre-buried pipe 5;

[0037] A tunnel wall support assembly 2 is arranged inside the drilled tunnel for supporting the tunnel wall, and is composed of a pre-buried pipe 5 inserted into a tunnel wall borehole 10 opened in the tunnel wall, a tunnel wall pre-buried steel bar 11 fixedly connected to the pre-buried pipe 5 by a tie wire, and a precast concrete slab 12 passing through the pre-buried pipe 5 and spliced ​​in an arc shape in a plane;

[0038] The reinforcement support assembly 3 is arranged in the drilled tunnel and is attached to the outer side of the tunnel wall support assembly 2 to reinforce the tunnel wall support assembly 2. It is composed of a number of reinforcement I-beams 15 spliced ​​in an arc shape in a plane. The reinforcement I-beams 15 are fixedly connected to the tunnel wall support assembly 2 by passing bolts through the precast concrete slab 12.

[0039] In the embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of the opening bore holes 4 are evenly opened in an arc shape at the opening of the tunnel, and the embedded pipes 5 inserted in the holes are bundled with at least two arc-shaped opening embedded steel bars 8. A plurality of embedded pipes 5 located at the opening are combined and connected together to form an arc-shaped steel cage structure, which makes it convenient to pour concrete after formwork support to reinforce the opening and prevent the opening from collapsing.

[0040] In the embodiment of the present invention, one side of the L-shaped reinforcing steel plate 6 is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the opening by a fixing pin 7, and the other side of the reinforcing steel plate 6 is provided with a through hole for passing the embedded rod 9, and the embedded rod 9 passes through one end of the reinforcing steel plate 6 and is fixedly connected to the embedded steel bar 8 of the opening by a wire tie, and the embedded rod 9 is located at the other end of the reinforcing steel plate 6 and is threadedly connected with a fastening nut, so that each reinforcing steel plate 6 is connected to the embedded steel bar 8 of the opening to form a whole, and one side of the reinforcing steel plate 6 passing through the embedded rod 9 can be used as an upper template, and then after pouring concrete, it can be tightened on the embedded rod 9 by a nut, so that the reinforcing steel plate 6 has a pulling effect on the poured concrete outward, which can further improve the reinforcement effect on the opening.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the hollow embedded pipe 5 is smaller than the diameter of the drilled hole. The embedded pipe 5 is composed of an embedded front pipe 17 with a plurality of holes 18 on the pipe body and an embedded tail pipe 19 connected to the tail end of the embedded front pipe 17 through a threaded joint 20. The front end of the embedded front pipe 17 is set to be pointed. The pipe body of the embedded tail pipe 19 is provided with an external thread ring 21 for threaded connection with a nut. The concrete poured at the hole opening can be reinforced by tightening the nut, and the precast concrete slab 12 installed on the hole wall can be fixed. At the same time, the holes 18 can be filled with grouting into the pipe to fill the drilled hole, so that the embedded pipe 5 can be firmly inserted in the drilled hole.

[0042] Embodiment 2

[0043] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a tunnel support for combined drilling and blasting + TBM construction includes:

[0044] A tunnel opening support assembly 1 is arranged outside the tunnel opening of the drilled tunnel for supporting the tunnel opening, and is composed of a pre-buried pipe 5 inserted into a tunnel opening bore 4 opened at the tunnel opening, a tunnel opening pre-buried steel bar 8 fixedly connected to the pre-buried pipe 5 by a tie wire, and a reinforcing steel plate 6 attached to the outer wall of the tunnel opening and located outside the pre-buried pipe 5;

[0045] A tunnel wall support assembly 2 is arranged inside the drilled tunnel for supporting the tunnel wall, and is composed of a pre-buried pipe 5 inserted into a tunnel wall borehole 10 opened in the tunnel wall, a tunnel wall pre-buried steel bar 11 fixedly connected to the pre-buried pipe 5 by a tie wire, and a precast concrete slab 12 passing through the pre-buried pipe 5 and spliced ​​in an arc shape in a plane;

[0046] The reinforcement support assembly 3 is arranged in the drilled tunnel and is attached to the outer side of the tunnel wall support assembly 2 to reinforce the tunnel wall support assembly 2. It is composed of a number of reinforcement I-beams 15 spliced ​​in an arc shape in a plane. The reinforcement I-beams 15 are fixedly connected to the tunnel wall support assembly 2 by passing bolts through the precast concrete slab 12.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present invention, the precast concrete slab 12 located at the bottom of both sides of the cave wall is provided with a grouting port 13, and the precast concrete slab 12 located at the top of the cave wall is provided with an arc-shaped grouting port 14, so that grouting reinforcement can be performed from the bottom to the gap between the precast concrete slab 12 and the cave wall, and when slurry flows out of the slurry port 14, it indicates that the slurry has been filled.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcing I-beams 15 are set to a corresponding shape according to the curvature of the cave wall, and adjacent reinforcing I-beams 15 are fixedly connected by bolts passing through butt steel plates 16 welded at both ends, which is convenient for construction workers to splice and assemble the reinforcing support assembly 3.

[0049] Embodiment 3

[0050] A tunnel support for combined drilling and blasting + TBM construction, the support method comprising the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Plan the size of the tunnel according to the construction drawing, and evenly open several hole drill holes 4 in an arc shape on the outside of the hole, and insert the embedded pipe 5 in the hole, and fill the drill hole by grouting into the pipe so that the embedded pipe 5 can be firmly inserted in the drill hole, and then tie two arc-shaped hole embedded steel bars 8, and combine and connect several embedded pipes 5 at the hole to form an arc-shaped steel cage structure.

[0052] Step 2: fix one side of the reinforcing steel plate 6 to the outer wall of the opening through the fixing pin 7, and pass the embedded rod 9 through the other side of the reinforcing steel plate 6, and make the embedded rod 9 pass through one end of the reinforcing steel plate 6 and be fixedly connected with the embedded steel bar 8 of the opening through the wire, so that the side of the reinforcing steel plate 6 passing through the embedded rod 9 is used as the upper formwork, and then other formworks are set up, and concrete is poured to reinforce the opening to prevent the opening from collapsing;

[0053] Step 3: excavate the cave entrance by drilling and blasting, and then use TBM to drill and excavate the tunnel. Drill a hole 10 on the excavated cave wall, and insert a pre-buried pipe 5 in the hole. Fill the hole by grouting the pipe so that the pre-buried pipe 5 can be firmly inserted in the hole. Then tie the arc-shaped cave wall pre-buried steel bars 11, combine and connect several pre-buried pipes 5 at the cave entrance, and then install the precast concrete slab 12. Fix the precast concrete slab 12 installed on the cave wall by tightening the nut;

[0054] Step 4: Grouting reinforcement is performed from the bottom to the gap between the precast concrete slab 12 and the cave wall. When slurry flows out of the slurry outlet 14, it indicates that the slurry has been filled. After the concrete solidifies, support for the cave wall can be formed.

[0055] Step 5: Install the reinforcing I-beams 15 on the outer side of the precast concrete slab 12 by bolts, and fix the adjacent reinforcing I-beams 15 by bolts passing through the butt steel plates 16 welded at both ends to further reinforce the cave wall support assembly 2.

[0056] Working principle: First, construct the tunnel entrance support assembly to reinforce the tunnel entrance and prevent it from collapsing; excavate the tunnel entrance by drilling and blasting, then use TBM to drill and excavate the tunnel, and construct the tunnel wall support assembly on the excavated tunnel wall; and install the reinforced I-beams on the outer side of the tunnel wall support assembly by bolts, and fix the adjacent reinforced I-beams by bolts passing through the butt steel plates welded at both ends to form a further reinforcement of the tunnel wall support assembly.

[0057] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0058] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A tunnel support for combined drilling and blasting + TBM construction, characterized by: include A tunnel opening support assembly (1) is arranged outside the tunnel opening of a drilled tunnel for supporting the tunnel opening, and is composed of a pre-buried pipe (5) inserted into a tunnel opening borehole (4) opened at the tunnel opening, a tunnel opening pre-buried steel bar (8) fixedly connected to the pre-buried pipe (5) by a tie wire, and a reinforcing steel plate (6) attached to the outer wall of the tunnel opening and located outside the pre-buried pipe (5); A tunnel wall support assembly (2) is arranged inside a drilled tunnel for supporting the tunnel wall, and is composed of a pre-buried pipe (5) inserted into a tunnel wall borehole (10) opened in the tunnel wall, a tunnel wall pre-buried steel bar (11) fixedly connected to the pre-buried pipe (5) by a tie wire, and a precast concrete slab (12) passing through the pre-buried pipe (5) and spliced ​​in an arc shape in a plane; The reinforcement support assembly (3) is arranged in the drilled tunnel and is attached to the outer side of the tunnel wall support assembly (2) to reinforce the tunnel wall support assembly (2), and is composed of a plurality of reinforcement I-beams (15) spliced ​​in an arc shape in a plane, and the reinforcement I-beams (15) are fixedly connected to the tunnel wall support assembly (2) by passing bolts through the precast concrete slab (12); One side of the L-shaped reinforcing steel plate (6) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the hole through a fixing pin (7), and the other side of the reinforcing steel plate (6) is provided with a through hole for passing the embedded rod (9), and one end of the embedded rod (9) passes through the reinforcing steel plate (6) and is fixedly connected to the embedded steel bar (8) in the hole through a binding wire, and the other end of the embedded rod (9) located on the reinforcing steel plate (6) is threadedly connected to a fastening nut; The diameter of the hollow embedded pipe (5) is smaller than the diameter of the drilled hole. The embedded pipe (5) is composed of an embedded front pipe (17) with a plurality of holes (18) formed on the pipe body and an embedded tail pipe (19) connected to the tail end of the embedded front pipe (17) via a threaded joint (20). The front end of the embedded front pipe (17) is configured to be pointed. The embedded tail pipe (19) is provided with an external thread ring (21) on the pipe body for threaded connection with a nut.

2. The tunnel support for combined drilling and blasting + TBM construction according to claim 1 is characterized by: The hole opening drilled holes (4) are uniformly opened in a plurality of arc-shaped holes at the hole opening of the tunnel, and at least two arc-shaped hole opening pre-embedded steel bars (8) are bound to the pre-embedded pipes (5) inserted in the holes.

3. The tunnel support for combined drilling and blasting + TBM construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Grouting ports (13) are provided on the long strip-shaped precast concrete slabs (12) at the bottom ends of both sides of the cave wall, and grouting ports (14) are provided on the arc-shaped precast concrete slabs (12) at the top ends of the cave wall.

4. The tunnel support for combined drilling and blasting + TBM construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The reinforcing I-beams (15) are arranged in a corresponding shape according to the curvature of the hole wall, and adjacent reinforcing I-beams (15) are fixedly connected by bolts passing through butt steel plates (16) welded at both ends.

5. A tunnel support method for combined drilling and blasting + TBM construction based on claim 1, characterized in that: The support method comprises the following steps Step 1: Plan the size of the tunnel according to the construction drawing, and evenly open a number of hole holes (4) in an arc shape on the outside of the hole, and insert the embedded pipe (5) in the hole, and fill the hole by grouting the pipe so that the embedded pipe (5) can be firmly inserted in the hole, and then tie two arc-shaped hole embedded steel bars (8), and combine and connect a number of embedded pipes 5 located at the hole to form an arc-shaped steel cage structure. Step 2: fix one side of the reinforcing steel plate (6) to the outer wall of the opening through the fixing pin (7), pass the embedded rod (9) through the other side of the reinforcing steel plate (6), and make the embedded rod (9) pass through one end of the reinforcing steel plate (6) and be fixedly connected to the embedded steel bar (8) of the opening through the binding wire, so that the side of the reinforcing steel plate (6) passing through the embedded rod (9) is used as the upper formwork, and then other formworks are set up, and concrete is poured to reinforce the opening to prevent the opening from collapsing; Step 3: excavate the tunnel entrance by drilling and blasting, then use TBM to drill and excavate the tunnel, drill a tunnel wall borehole (10) on the excavated tunnel wall, insert a pre-buried pipe (5) in the hole, fill the drill hole by grouting into the pipe, so that the pre-buried pipe (5) can be firmly inserted in the drill hole, then tie arc-shaped tunnel wall pre-buried steel bars (11), combine and connect several pre-buried pipes 5 located at the tunnel entrance, and then install a precast concrete slab (12), and fix the precast concrete slab (12) installed on the tunnel wall by tightening the nut; Step 4: Grouting is performed from the bottom to the gap between the precast concrete slab (12) and the cave wall for reinforcement. When grout flows out of the grout outlet (14), it indicates that the grout has been filled. After the concrete solidifies, support for the cave wall can be formed. Step 5: The reinforcing I-beams (15) are installed on the outer side of the precast concrete slab (12) by means of bolts, and adjacent reinforcing I-beams (15) are fixedly connected by means of bolts passing through butt steel plates (16) welded at both ends, so as to further reinforce the cave wall support assembly (2).

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