A nuclear waste gas full oxidation combustion treatment device

Abstract

The present application relates to a nuclear waste gas full oxidation combustion treatment device in the field of nuclear waste gas treatment equipment. The device comprises an incinerator, which is provided with a front combustion chamber, a middle combustion chamber, and a final combustion chamber for extending the flow time of waste gas within the incinerator. The front combustion chamber, the middle combustion chamber, and the final combustion chamber are sequentially connected. The incinerator is also provided with an ultra-low nitrogen high-speed swirl burner interconnected with the front combustion chamber. The ultra-low nitrogen high-speed swirl burner includes an exhaust pipe for simultaneously introducing nuclear waste gas and water vapor; an air duct mounted on the outside of the exhaust pipe for introducing combustion air to cool the exhaust pipe and assist combustion in the ultra-low nitrogen high-speed swirl burner; and a fuel gas pipe mounted on the outside of the exhaust pipe for introducing fuel gas mixed with the combustion air. The ultra-low nitrogen cavity swirl burner also includes an igniter for igniting the mixture of combustion air and fuel gas. This application achieves harmless incineration treatment of nuclear waste gas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of nuclear waste gas combustion, and in particular to a nuclear waste gas full oxidation combustion treatment device. Background Art

[0002] In the field of nuclear physics applications, the completion of the main process often produces large amounts of nuclear waste gas containing radioactive substances. Due to its complex composition, flammability, and the presence of certain radioactive substances, this waste gas has become a major technical challenge in nuclear applications both domestically and internationally. Currently, the primary method for treating nuclear waste gas is combustion. However, to ensure the harmlessness of the exhaust gas after combustion, the flame temperature during the combustion process and the residence time of the nuclear waste gas at high temperatures must be controlled, which is a practical problem that the industry urgently needs to solve. If these combustion conditions cannot be guaranteed, the exhaust gas after combustion cannot be directly discharged.

[0003] Currently, traditional combustion methods such as industrial flares and incinerators are often used in the field of industrial exhaust incineration, both domestically and internationally. These exhaust gases are primarily non-radioactive, such as those from non-ferrous metal smelting and chemical plants. There is a lack of customized burner designs for nuclear waste gas, which contains certain radioactive substances. Furthermore, these traditional exhaust gas incineration methods are all extensive, unable to achieve precise control of flame temperature and exhaust gas residence time, making them unsuitable for nuclear waste gas incineration.

[0004] With respect to the above-mentioned related technologies, the inventors believe that traditional industrial tail gas treatment equipment cannot meet the requirements for nuclear waste gas treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a nuclear waste gas full oxidation combustion treatment device, which has the advantage of achieving harmless incineration treatment of nuclear waste gas.

[0006] The nuclear waste gas full oxidation combustion treatment device provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A nuclear waste gas full oxidation combustion treatment device includes an incinerator, wherein the incinerator is provided with a front-stage combustion chamber, a middle-stage combustion chamber, and a final-stage combustion chamber for prolonging the flow time of the waste gas in the incinerator, and the front-stage combustion chamber, the middle-stage combustion chamber, and the final-stage combustion chamber are connected in sequence; the incinerator is also provided with an ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner that is interconnected with the front-stage combustion chamber and controls the internal temperature of the incinerator at 1100°C-1200°C;

[0008] The ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner includes an exhaust pipe for simultaneously introducing nuclear waste gas and water vapor; an air duct arranged on the outside of the exhaust pipe for introducing combustion-supporting air to cool the exhaust pipe and assist the ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner in combustion; a fuel gas pipe arranged on the outside of the exhaust pipe for introducing fuel gas mixed with the combustion-supporting air. The ultra-low nitrogen cavity swirl high-speed burner also includes an igniter for igniting the mixture of combustion-supporting air and fuel gas.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, when treating nuclear waste gas, combustion air and fuel gas are first introduced, and then the mixture of combustion air and fuel gas is ignited by the igniter to make the burner work, and then a mixture of nuclear waste gas and water vapor is introduced. Since the nuclear waste gas contains combustible substances, on the one hand, the combustion efficiency of the ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner can be improved, and on the other hand, the nuclear waste gas can be burned and the combustion temperature can be controlled at 1100℃-1200℃, on the one hand, it can help the oxidation treatment of radioactive substances in the nuclear waste gas, and on the other hand, it can also reduce the generation of nitrogen oxides, so that The treatment of nuclear waste gas is more environmentally friendly. To ensure temperature control of the ultra-low nitrogen high-speed swirl burner, nuclear waste gas and water vapor are simultaneously introduced into the exhaust pipe. During the combustion of the nuclear waste gas, the water vapor can inhibit combustion, thereby reducing the overall flame temperature. The combustion-supporting air also plays a good combustion-supporting role, ensuring the normal operation of the ultra-low nitrogen high-speed swirl burner. On the other hand, the high-speed flow of the combustion-supporting air can also carry the temperature of the exhaust pipe toward the flame outlet, thereby suppressing the increase in nuclear waste gas temperature and further reducing the formation of nitrogen oxides. The configuration of multiple combustion chambers also extends the combustion time of the nuclear waste gas and ensures its full oxidation.

[0010] Preferably, the front section combustion chamber also includes a primary flame combustion chamber and a secondary mixing combustion chamber which are interconnected and used to simultaneously introduce nuclear waste gas and combustion-supporting air; the ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner is interconnected with the primary flame combustion chamber.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, when the ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner is working in the first-stage combustion chamber, the temperature in the first-stage combustion chamber can be controlled to below 1200°C through the flow rate of nuclear waste gas introduced, but the amount of nuclear waste gas introduced is limited; at this time, through the setting of the secondary mixing combustion chamber, the combustion treatment of nuclear waste gas can be achieved under the premise that the combustion temperature is met, thereby ensuring the overall treatment efficiency of nuclear waste gas.

[0012] Preferably, the incinerator is also provided with a secondary combustion air spray gun and a secondary exhaust gas spray gun which are interconnected with the secondary mixing combustion chamber; the end of the secondary combustion air spray gun located in the incinerator is sealed, and a number of diversion holes for uniform flow of combustion air are evenly opened on its outer wall.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the secondary combustion air spray gun injects a large amount of combustion air into the secondary mixing combustion chamber. On the one hand, it helps the overall gas flow in the incinerator and reduces the vacuum environment in the incinerator. On the other hand, the dispersed distribution of the combustion air has a good combustion effect on the combustion of nuclear waste gas.

[0014] Preferably, the secondary exhaust gas spray gun includes an exhaust gas spray gun pipe penetrating the outer wall of the incinerator and a secondary diverter connected to the end of the exhaust gas spray gun pipe located inside the incinerator.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the nuclear waste gas is distributed more evenly in the secondary mixing combustion chamber under the action of the secondary diverter, and is mixed more fully with the combustion-supporting air, thereby improving the combustion efficiency of the nuclear waste gas.

[0016] Preferably, the end of the exhaust pipe protrudes from the ends of the air pipe and the fuel pipe, and an exhaust diverter is provided at the end of the exhaust pipe.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the exhaust gas diverter makes the nuclear exhaust gas more evenly distributed at the flame outlet of the ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner, and the combustion is more complete. It also provides sufficient fuel to the ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner, and plays an important role in the temperature control of the ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner.

[0018] Preferably, the first-stage flame combustion chamber, the second-stage mixing combustion chamber, the middle-stage combustion chamber, and the final-stage combustion chamber are sequentially connected to each other through connecting holes, and the apertures of the connecting holes increase sequentially.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the aperture of the connecting hole increases successively, which helps to quickly transfer the temperature in the first-level flame combustion chamber and the second-level mixed combustion chamber in the incinerator. The subsequent increase in the aperture of the connecting hole has the effect of slowing down the flow rate, so that the nuclear waste gas can be fully burned.

[0020] Preferably, the incinerator is provided with temperature sensors for detecting the internal temperatures of the first-stage flame combustion chamber, the second-stage mixing combustion chamber, the middle-stage combustion chamber, and the final-stage combustion chamber.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution and setting up the temperature sensor, it is convenient for the staff to monitor the temperature changes in each chamber in the incinerator, and it is convenient for the staff to adjust the overall temperature range in the incinerator by the flow rate of nuclear waste gas injection.

[0022] Preferably, the incinerator is provided with an explosion-proof door interconnected with the secondary mixing combustion chamber and the middle combustion chamber.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, since the secondary mixing combustion chamber and the middle combustion chamber are located in the middle of the four combustion chambers, the pressure is not easy to evacuate. Also, since the secondary combustion air spray gun and the secondary exhaust gas spray gun mainly act on the secondary mixing combustion chamber, the pressure is too concentrated. Therefore, the setting of the explosion-proof door can evacuate the pressure in the incinerator in time, reducing safety hazards.

[0024] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0025] 1. Complete oxidation of nuclear waste gas is achieved; the overall combustion time of nuclear waste gas in the incinerator is extended through the first-stage flame combustion chamber, the second-stage mixing combustion chamber, the middle-stage combustion chamber, and the final-stage combustion chamber; and because the ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner controls the flame temperature in the incinerator at a high temperature environment of 1100 degrees Celsius to 1200 degrees Celsius, the nuclear waste gas can be fully oxidized.

[0026] 2. Improved the treatment efficiency of nuclear waste gas; the ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner uses nuclear waste gas as fuel. It can not only intelligently control the flame temperature, but also consume the nuclear waste gas. Combined with the unified treatment of nuclear waste gas in the secondary mixing combustion chamber, it greatly improves the treatment efficiency of nuclear waste gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a nuclear waste gas full oxidation combustion treatment device;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of the incinerator;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a partial schematic diagram of an ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of an ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the secondary exhaust gas spray gun and the secondary combustion air spray gun;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram showing the installation position of the temperature sensor.

[0033] Explanation of the accompanying symbols: 1. Incinerator; 11. Front combustion chamber; 111. Primary flame combustion chamber; 112. Secondary mixing combustion chamber; 12. Middle combustion chamber; 13. Final combustion chamber; 14. Exhaust port; 15. Connecting hole; 2. Ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner; 21. Exhaust pipe; 211. Nuclear exhaust gas inlet; 22. Air duct; 221. Combustion air inlet; 23. Fuel gas pipe; 231. Fuel gas inlet; 232. Air inlet; 24. Swirl blade; 25. Ignitor; 26. Exhaust gas diverter; 3. Secondary exhaust gas spray gun; 31. Exhaust gas gun barrel; 32. Secondary diverter; 4. Secondary combustion air spray gun; 41. Flange; 42. Diverter hole; 5. Temperature sensor; 6. Explosion-proof door; 7. Pressure sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following is combined with Figure 1-6 This application is described in further detail.

[0035] Example 1: A nuclear waste gas full oxidation combustion treatment device, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes an incinerator 1 and an ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner 2 installed at one end of the incinerator 1.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the incinerator 1 includes a front combustion chamber 11, a middle combustion chamber 12, and a final combustion chamber 13, which are located on one side of an ultra-low nitrogen, high-speed swirl burner 2 and arranged in sequence toward the other end of the incinerator 1. An exhaust port 14 is also provided on the outer wall of the incinerator 1, interconnected with the final combustion chamber 13. The front combustion chamber 11 includes a primary flame combustion chamber 111 and a secondary mixing combustion chamber 112. The primary flame combustion chamber 111, the secondary mixing combustion chamber 112, the middle combustion chamber 12, and the final combustion chamber 13 are sequentially connected through connecting holes 15. Adjacent connecting holes 15 are arranged in a staggered pattern, extending the path of the nuclear waste gas and, by extension, the combustion time of the waste gas within the incinerator 1. Furthermore, the diameters of the connecting holes 15 increase along the waste gas path, causing the waste gas flow rate to gradually slow, which also has the effect of extending the combustion time of the waste gas within the incinerator 1, ensuring one of the necessary conditions for complete combustion of the waste gas.

[0037] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, one end of the ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner 2 penetrates into the interior of the first-stage flame combustion chamber 111. The ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner 2 includes a coaxial exhaust pipe 21, an air duct 22, and a fuel gas pipe 23, which are spaced apart from the inside to the outside. The exhaust pipe 21 and the air duct 22 are both open at one end facing the incinerator 1, while the ends located outside the incinerator 1 are both sealed. The outer circumference of the exhaust pipe 21 is connected to a nuclear exhaust gas inlet 211 for injecting a mixture of nuclear exhaust gas and water vapor, while the outer circumference of the air duct 22 is connected to a combustion air inlet 221 for injecting combustion air into the air duct 22. The outer circumference of the exhaust pipe 21 is also evenly distributed with a plurality of swirl blades 24, the other ends of the swirl blades 24 being fixed to the inner wall of the air duct 22, so that the combustion air is more concentrated under the guidance of the swirl blades 24, and the combustion efficiency is higher. The fuel gas pipe 23 is sealed at both ends with the outer circumference of the air duct 22. The outer circumference of the fuel gas pipe 23, located outside the incinerator 1, is connected to a fuel gas inlet 231 for injecting fuel gas into the combustion gas pipe. The inner circumference of the air duct 22 at the end of the incinerator 1 is evenly distributed with a number of air inlets 232 that communicate with the interior of the fuel gas pipe 23. An igniter 25 is also provided between the air duct 22 and the exhaust pipe 21. One end of the igniter 25 is located outside the incinerator 1, and the other end is located at the end of the air duct 22, closer to the air inlet 232, facilitating the ignition of the mixture of combustion air and fuel gas.

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, the tail of the exhaust pipe 21 protrudes from the tail of the air duct 22 and the fuel gas pipe, and the end of the exhaust pipe 21 is also connected to an exhaust gas diverter 26. When the nuclear exhaust flows through the exhaust gas diverter 26, the nuclear exhaust is distributed more evenly and dispersed. When the ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner 2 needs to be turned on, combustion-supporting air is first introduced into the air duct 22, and then fuel gas is introduced into the fuel gas pipe 23. The combustion-supporting air is mixed with the fuel gas under the guidance of the swirl blades 24. At this time, a mixture of nuclear exhaust gas and water vapor is injected into the exhaust pipe 21. The igniter 25 ignites the fuel gas and forms a gas flame at the end of the air duct 22. Since there are combustible components in the nuclear exhaust, these combustible components pass through the gas flame and are activated, creating sufficient activation component conditions for the subsequent oxidation reaction, facilitating the formation of a long-term oxidation reaction, so that the staff can control the temperature inside the first-level flame combustion chamber 111 by the flow rate of nuclear exhaust gas injection.

[0039] Since flame temperatures above 1300°C generate large amounts of nitrogen oxides, personnel can control the combustion temperature of the ultra-low nitrogen, high-intensity swirl, high-speed burner 2 by adjusting the flow rate of the nuclear waste gas injection. Furthermore, since the exhaust pipe 21 is continuously exposed to high temperatures, a mixture of nuclear waste gas and water vapor is injected to prevent the temperature in the combustion chamber from exceeding 1300°C. The water vapor suppresses the overall temperature rise of the nuclear waste gas. Furthermore, the high-speed flow of combustion-supporting air continuously injected into the air duct 22 can also carry away some of the heat from the surface of the exhaust pipe 21, thereby suppressing the temperature rise in the combustion chamber and maintaining it below 1300°C. This reduces the generation of nitrogen oxides and makes the use environment more environmentally friendly. Furthermore, under the action of the ultra-low nitrogen, high-intensity swirl, high-speed burner 2, the temperatures of the first-stage flame combustion chamber 111, the second-stage mixing combustion chamber 112, the middle combustion chamber 12, and the final combustion chamber in the incinerator 1 decrease in sequence and remain between 1100°C and 1200°C, ensuring one of the necessary conditions for the complete combustion of the nuclear waste gas.

[0040] like Figure 5 As shown, the incinerator 1 is also equipped with a secondary exhaust gas lance 3 and a secondary combustion air lance 4, which are interconnected with the secondary mixing combustion chamber 112. The secondary combustion air lance 4 is tubular, with a flange 41 attached to the end outside the incinerator 1 and a sealed end inside. Furthermore, a number of diverter holes 42 are evenly distributed along the outer circumference of the combustion air lance within the incinerator 1. Workers introduce combustion air into the secondary combustion air lance 4, evenly distributing it within the secondary mixing combustion chamber 112, creating conditions for the combustion of nuclear waste gas.

[0041] like Figure 5 As shown, the secondary exhaust gas lance 3 includes an exhaust gas lance pipe 31 that extends from the outside of the incinerator 1 into the secondary mixing combustion chamber 112, and a secondary diverter 32 connected to the end of the exhaust gas lance 31 located inside the secondary mixing combustion chamber 112. Workers can pass nuclear exhaust gas into the secondary mixing combustion chamber 112 through the exhaust gas lance pipe 31, so that the nuclear exhaust gas is evenly dispersed and fully burned in the secondary mixing combustion chamber 112 with the support of combustion air.

[0042] like Figure 6As shown, the outer peripheral surface of the incinerator 1 is also provided with four temperature sensors 5, which are respectively interconnected with the first-stage flame combustion chamber 111, the second-stage mixing combustion chamber 112, the middle combustion chamber, and the final combustion chamber, so that the staff can understand the temperature changes inside each combustion chamber in real time, and thus adjust the combustion temperature of the ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner 2. Since the secondary mixing combustion chamber 112 is provided with a secondary combustion air spray gun 4 and a secondary exhaust gas spray gun 3, the internal space pressure will change. In order to reduce safety hazards, the incinerator 1 is also provided with two explosion-proof doors 6 that are interconnected with the secondary mixing combustion chamber 112 and the middle combustion chamber 12. Since the final combustion chamber 13 is located at the tail end of the four combustion chambers, the combustion air therein is limited and a vacuum layer is easily formed. Therefore, in order to prevent the vacuum in the final combustion chamber 13 from being too large and to monitor the system pressure, a pressure sensor 7 that is interconnected with the final combustion chamber 13 is also provided on the outer wall of the incinerator 1.

[0043] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A nuclear waste gas full oxidation combustion treatment device, comprising an incinerator (1), characterized in that: The incinerator (1) is provided with a front section combustion chamber (11), a middle section combustion chamber (12), and a final section combustion chamber (13) for prolonging the flow time of the exhaust gas in the incinerator (1), and the front section combustion chamber (11), the middle section combustion chamber (12), and the final section combustion chamber (13) are sequentially connected; the incinerator (1) is also provided with an ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner (2) which is interconnected with the front section combustion chamber (11) and controls the internal temperature of the incinerator (1) at 1100°C-1200°C; The ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner (2) comprises an exhaust pipe (21) for simultaneously introducing nuclear waste gas and water vapor; an air duct (22) sleeved on the outside of the exhaust pipe (21) for introducing combustion-supporting air for cooling the exhaust pipe (21) and assisting the ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner (2) in combustion-supporting air; and a fuel gas pipe (23) sleeved on the outside of the exhaust pipe (21) for introducing fuel gas mixed with the combustion-supporting air. The ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner (2) further comprises an igniter (25) for igniting the mixture of the combustion-supporting air and the fuel gas. The front section combustion chamber (11) further comprises a primary flame combustion chamber (111) and a secondary mixing combustion chamber (112) for simultaneously introducing nuclear waste gas and combustion-supporting air, which are communicated with each other; the ultra-low nitrogen strong swirl high-speed burner (2) is communicated with the primary flame combustion chamber (111); The incinerator (1) is also provided with a secondary combustion air spray gun (4) and a secondary exhaust gas spray gun (3) which are in communication with the secondary mixing combustion chamber (112); The first-stage flame combustion chamber (111), the second-stage mixing combustion chamber (112), the middle-stage combustion chamber, and the final-stage combustion chamber are sequentially connected to each other through the connecting holes (15).

2. The nuclear waste gas full oxidation combustion treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the secondary combustion air spray gun (4) located in the incinerator (1) is sealed, and a plurality of diversion holes (42) for uniform flow of combustion air are evenly opened on its outer wall.

3. The nuclear waste gas full oxidation combustion treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary waste gas spray gun (3) comprises a waste gas spray gun pipe penetrating the outer wall of the incinerator (1) and a secondary diverter (32) connected to the end portion of the waste gas spray gun pipe located inside the incinerator (1).

4. The nuclear waste gas full oxidation combustion treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the exhaust pipe (21) protrudes from the ends of the air pipe (22) and the fuel gas pipe (23), and an exhaust gas diverter (26) is provided at the end of the exhaust pipe (21).

5. The nuclear waste gas full oxidation combustion treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameters of the communicating holes (15) increase sequentially.

6. The nuclear waste gas full oxidation combustion treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The incinerator (1) is provided with temperature sensors (5) for detecting the internal temperatures of the first-stage flame combustion chamber (111), the second-stage mixing combustion chamber (112), the middle-stage combustion chamber, and the final-stage combustion chamber.

7. The nuclear waste gas full oxidation combustion treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The incinerator (1) is provided with an explosion-proof door (6) which is in communication with the secondary mixing combustion chamber (112) and the middle combustion chamber (12).

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