Multiple wave suppression method, seismic imaging method, storage medium and computer device

Abstract

The present invention provides a multiple suppression method, a seismic imaging method, a storage medium, and a computer device. The multiple suppression method includes the following steps: obtaining common reflection point gather data; the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point; extracting the primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point, and obtaining the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point after removing the primary wave; extracting the multiple data, and using the multiple data as the initial multiple data; performing reverse normal moveout correction on the initial multiple data using the multiple velocity, and performing normal moveout correction on the result of the reverse normal moveout correction using the primary wave velocity to obtain the final multiple data; subtracting the final multiple data from the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point to obtain the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point after suppressing the multiple. This embodiment can suppress the multiples of the near, middle, and far traces in seismic data without damaging the effective reflections, and is a processing method that preserves both the amplitude and the fidelity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seismic data processing in geophysical exploration, and particularly to a multiple suppression method, a seismic imaging method, a storage medium, and a computer device. Background Art

[0002] The multiple problem commonly exists in seismic exploration, and is particularly serious in some seismic data on land and at sea. Multiples will seriously interfere with seismic imaging, thereby affecting the interpretation accuracy of seismic data. Multiples include full-path multiples and interlayer multiples, and in most cases, these two types of waves coexist in seismic data. Currently, for the problem of long-path multiples existing in land seismic data, generally, high-precision Radon transform is used to suppress the long-path multiples therein. The method of high-precision Radon transform suppresses multiples based on the apparent velocity difference between effective reflections and multiples. It can effectively suppress multiples in far traces, but it is difficult to suppress multiples in near traces through this method. Therefore, the suppression effect of multiples on the stacked section is not very obvious. How to remove multiples to the greatest extent, restore the true structural form of seismic data, and not damage effective reflections is a difficult problem in the current suppression of multiples in seismic data. Currently, the processing technology for suppressing multiples in seismic data is not very mature, and there is a lack of targeted solutions for both full-path multiples and interlayer multiples. Especially for land seismic data, there is an urgent need for a method that can suppress multiples in near, middle, and far traces. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main object of the present invention is to provide a multiple suppression method, a seismic imaging method, a storage medium, and a computer device to effectively suppress multiples in seismic data.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a multiple suppression method, including the following steps: preprocessing the original seismic data to obtain common reflection point gather data; performing NMO correction on the common reflection point gather data using the primary wave velocity to obtain zero-offset gather data of common reflection points; extracting primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points, and subtracting the extracted primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points to obtain zero-offset gather data of common reflection points after removing the primary wave; performing inverse NMO correction on the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points after removing the primary wave using the primary wave velocity, and performing NMO correction on the result of the inverse NMO correction using the multiple velocity, then extracting multiple data from the result of the NMO correction, and using the multiple data as initial multiple data; performing inverse NMO correction on the initial multiple data using the multiple velocity, and performing NMO correction on the result of the inverse NMO correction using the primary wave velocity to obtain final multiple data; subtracting the final multiple data from the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points to obtain zero-offset gather data of common reflection points after suppressing multiples.

[0005] In one embodiment, extracting the primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points includes: performing a first filtering process on the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points to extract the primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points.

[0006] In one embodiment, the first filtering process includes frequency-wavenumber domain filtering.

[0007] In one embodiment, extracting the multiple wave data from the result of NMO correction includes: performing a second filtering process on the result of NMO correction to extract the multiple wave data.

[0008] In one embodiment, the second filtering process includes frequency-wavenumber domain filtering.

[0009] In one embodiment, extracting the multiple wave data from the result of NMO correction includes: performing the Radon transform on the result of NMO correction to extract the multiple wave data.

[0010] In one embodiment, before performing NMO correction on the common reflection point gather data using the primary wave velocity, the method further includes the steps of: picking up the velocity information of common reflection points by using the velocity scanning method; picking up the primary wave velocity and the multiple wave velocity of common reflection points from the velocity information of common reflection points.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present application provides a seismic imaging method, including the following steps: for the common reflection point gather data at different depths in a formation, suppressing the multiple waves in the common reflection point gather data at different depths in the formation by using the multiple wave suppression method as described above to obtain the common reflection point gather data at different depths in the formation after suppressing the multiple waves; stacking the common reflection point gather data at different depths in the formation after suppressing the multiple waves to obtain the seismic imaging of the stacked profile of the formation in the depth direction.

[0012] In a third aspect, the present application provides a storage medium storing a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the multiple wave suppression method as described above or the steps of the seismic imaging method as described above are implemented.

[0013] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer device including a processor and a storage medium storing program code, and when the program code is executed by the processor, the steps of the multiple wave suppression method as described above or the steps of the seismic imaging method as described above are implemented.

[0014] The objective of the present invention is mainly to suppress multiples in seismic data in order to restore the true formation structure after interpreting the seismic data with multiples suppressed. The multiple suppression method proposed by the present invention can suppress near, mid, and far-offset multiples in seismic data without damaging the effective reflections, which is a processing method that preserves both the amplitude and the fidelity. The multiple suppression effects on the gather and stacked section are both obvious, and the true seismic reflection structure can be obtained by interpreting the seismic data with multiples suppressed. This method has good application prospects in seismic data with developed multiples. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The accompanying drawings forming a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments and descriptions thereof of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0016] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a multiple suppression method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a multiple suppression method according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 3 is the common reflection point gather data before NMO correction according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 4A is the velocity spectrum of the primary wave according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 4B is the velocity spectrum of the multiple wave according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 5 is the gather data after NMO correction of the primary wave velocity for the common reflection point gather data according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 6 is the primary wave data in the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 7 is the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point after removing the primary wave according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 8 is the gather data after NMO correction with the multiple wave velocity according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 9 is the final multiple wave data according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 10 The zero-offset gather data of common reflection points after multiple wave suppression according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 11A The velocity spectrum generated by using the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points before multiple wave suppression according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 11B The velocity spectrum generated by using the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points after multiple wave suppression according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 12A The stacked section generated by using the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points before multiple wave suppression according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 12B The stacked section generated by using the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points after multiple wave suppression according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 13 The comparison chart of spectra generated by using the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points before and after multiple wave suppression according to a specific embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0033] Embodiment 1

[0034] This embodiment provides a multiple wave suppression method, Figure 1 which is a flowchart of the multiple wave suppression method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application. As Figure 1 shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0035] S100: Preprocess the original seismic data to obtain common reflection point gather data;

[0036] S200: Perform moveout correction on the common reflection point gather data using the primary wave velocity to obtain the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points;

[0037] S300: Extract the primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points, and subtract the extracted primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points to obtain the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points after removing the primary wave;

[0038] S400: Perform reverse NMO correction on the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection points after removing the primary waves using the primary wave velocity, perform NMO correction on the result of the reverse NMO correction using the multiple wave velocity, then extract the multiple wave data from the result of the NMO correction, and use the multiple wave data as the initial multiple wave data;

[0039] S500: Perform reverse NMO correction on the initial multiple wave data using the multiple wave velocity, and perform NMO correction on the result of the reverse NMO correction using the primary wave velocity to obtain the final multiple wave data;

[0040] S600: Subtract the final multiple wave data from the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection points to obtain the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection points after suppressing the multiple waves.

[0041] Embodiment 2

[0042] This embodiment provides a method for suppressing multiple waves, which includes the following steps:

[0043] First step, preprocess the original seismic data to obtain common reflection point gather data.

[0044] Second step, perform NMO correction on the common reflection point gather data using the primary wave velocity to obtain the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection points.

[0045] In one example, before performing NMO correction on the common reflection point gather data using the primary wave velocity, it is also necessary to obtain the primary wave velocity and multiple wave velocity of the common reflection points. The specific method may include the following steps: Pick up the velocity information of the common reflection points using the velocity scanning method; Pick up the primary wave velocity and multiple wave velocity of the common reflection points from the velocity information of the common reflection points.

[0046] Third step, extract the primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection points, and subtract the extracted primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection points to obtain the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection points after removing the primary waves.

[0047] Among them, extracting the primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection points may include: performing a first filtering process on the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection points to extract the primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection points. The first filtering process may include frequency-wavenumber domain filtering.

[0048] Fourth step, perform reverse NMO correction on the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection points after removing the primary waves using the primary wave velocity, perform NMO correction on the result of the reverse NMO correction using the multiple wave velocity, then extract the multiple wave data from the result of the NMO correction, and use the multiple wave data as the initial multiple wave data.

[0049] Among them, extracting multiple-wave data from the result of the NMO correction may include: performing a second filtering process on the result of the NMO correction to extract multiple-wave data. The second filtering process includes frequency-wavenumber domain filtering.

[0050] In another example, extracting multiple-wave data from the result of the NMO correction may include: performing a Radon transform on the result of the NMO correction to extract multiple-wave data. Specifically, a high-precision Radon transform may be performed on the result of the NMO correction to extract multiple-wave data.

[0051] The fifth step is to perform anti-NMO correction on the initial multiple-wave data using the multiple-wave velocity, and perform NMO correction on the result of the anti-NMO correction using the primary-wave velocity to obtain the final multiple-wave data.

[0052] The sixth step is to subtract the final multiple-wave data from the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection points to obtain the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection points after suppressing the multiple waves.

[0053] The objective of the present invention is mainly to suppress the multiple waves in seismic data to restore the true formation structure by interpreting the seismic data after suppressing the multiple waves. The multiple-wave suppression method proposed by the present invention can suppress the multiple waves in the near, middle, and far traces of seismic data without damaging the effective reflections, and is a true-amplitude-preserving processing method. The multiple-wave suppression effects of the gather and the stacked section are both obvious, and the true seismic reflection structure can be obtained by interpreting the seismic data after suppressing the multiple waves. This method has good application prospects in seismic data with developed multiple waves.

[0054] Embodiment III

[0055] This embodiment provides a seismic imaging method, including the following steps:

[0056] The first step is to suppress the multiple waves in the common reflection point gather data at different depths in the formation using the multiple-wave suppression method as described in Embodiment I to obtain the common reflection point gather data at different depths in the formation after suppressing the multiple waves.

[0057] The second step is to stack the common reflection point gather data at different depths in the formation after suppressing the multiple waves to obtain the seismic imaging of the stacked section of the formation in the depth direction.

[0058] Embodiment IV

[0059] This embodiment provides a specific embodiment of the multiple-wave suppression method. Figure 2 As shown in the flowchart of the multiple-wave suppression method according to a specific embodiment of the present application, Figure 2 it includes the following steps:

[0060] (1) Obtain the gather before multiple suppression, such as Figure 3 The gather before NMO shown in Figure 3 .

[0061] (2) Pick up two sets of velocities. One set is the velocity for normal NMO (as shown in Figure 4A ), and the other set is the velocity of multiples (as shown in Figure 4B ).

[0062] (3) NMO.

[0063] Perform NMO on the gather using the velocity of the primary wave to flatten the gather (as shown in Figure 5 ).

[0064] (4) Use FK filtering to protect the primary reflection event.

[0065] Using the FK filtering method (Frequency-Wavenumber (f-k) filtering in the frequency-wavenumber domain, where F represents frequency and K represents wavenumber, and FK filtering suppresses clutter based on the different apparent velocities of the useful signal and other clutter in the echo signal), obtain a flat reflection event (as shown in Figure 6 ), and then subtract the reflection event shown in Figure 5 from the gather in Figure 6 to obtain the gather after subtracting the primary reflection (as shown in Figure 7 ).

[0066] (5) Perform NMO using the velocity of multiples.

[0067] After performing de-NMO on the gather in Figure 7 using the velocity of the primary wave, perform NMO on the de-NMOed gather using the velocity of multiples to flatten the multiple event (as shown in Figure 8 ).

[0068] (6) Perform multiple suppression to obtain the gather after multiple suppression.

[0069] Perform FK filtering on the gather in Figure 8 to obtain the initial multiple data. Then, after performing de-NMO on the initial multiple data using the velocity of multiples, perform NMO again on the result of the de-NMO using the velocity of the primary wave to obtain the final multiple data shown in Figure 9 .

[0070] Subtract the final multiple data from the gather before multiple suppression (as shown in Figure 5 ) to obtain the gather after multiple suppression (as shown in Figure 10 ).

[0071] Stack the gather after multiple suppression to obtain the stacked section of the formation.

[0072] Figure 5 and Figure 10 respectively present the gathers before and after multiple suppression. In Figure 10 , it can be seen that the phenomenon of downward pull of the event in the gather is basically solved, and the multiples are suppressed relatively cleanly. Figure 10 The velocity spectrum generated for the gather after multiple suppression shows that the velocity energy clusters are more focused.

[0073] Figure 12A and Figure 12B respectively present the stacked sections before and after multiple suppression. In the section before multiple suppression, there are two sets of strata below 2 s. One set is the stratum parallel to the overlying stratum, and the other set is the stratum with a steeper structure. The flatter set of strata does not conform to the actual subsurface structure and is a false structure formed by multiple reflections. In Figure 12B , it can be seen that the multiples in the section are basically suppressed.

[0074] Figure 13 The frequency spectra before and after multiple suppression are shown. It can be seen that after multiple suppression, neither low-frequency nor high-frequency information is lost, indicating that this multiple suppression technology is amplitude and fidelity preserving.

[0075] Thus, it can be seen that the multiple suppression method provided by this application can effectively solve the problem of onshore multiple interference, which is conducive to obtaining processing results with a reliable structural form and a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio.

[0076] In this embodiment, by studying the multiple suppression method, a multiple suppression method combining FK filtering is provided according to the difference in apparent velocity between the effective reflection and the multiple. The multiple suppression method proposed by the present invention can suppress the multiples in the near, middle, and far traces of seismic data without damaging the effective reflection. It is an amplitude and fidelity preserving processing method, and the multiple suppression effects of the gather and the stacked section are both relatively obvious. The true seismic reflection structure can be obtained by interpreting the seismic data after suppressing the multiples. This method has good application prospects in seismic data with developed multiples.

[0077] Embodiment 5

[0078] This embodiment provides a storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the multiple suppression method as described above or the steps of the seismic imaging method as described above:

[0079] Preprocess the original seismic data to obtain common reflection point gather data;

[0080] Perform NMO correction on the common reflection point gather data using the primary wave velocity to obtain the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection points;

[0081] Extract the primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points, and subtract the extracted primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points to obtain the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points after removing the primary wave;

[0082] Perform reverse NMO correction on the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points after removing the primary wave using the primary wave velocity, and perform NMO correction on the result of the reverse NMO correction using the multiple wave velocity. Then extract the multiple wave data from the result of the NMO correction and use the multiple wave data as the initial multiple wave data;

[0083] Perform reverse NMO correction on the initial multiple wave data using the multiple wave velocity, and perform NMO correction on the result of the reverse NMO correction using the primary wave velocity to obtain the final multiple wave data;

[0084] Subtract the final multiple wave data from the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points to obtain the zero-offset gather data of common reflection points after suppressing the multiple waves.

[0085] The present invention is described with reference to the flowcharts of methods and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process in the flowchart and the combination of processes in the flowchart can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate a device for implementing the functions specified in one process Figure 1 or multiple processes.

[0086] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in one process Figure 1 or multiple processes.

[0087] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to generate a computer-implemented process. Thus, the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one process Figure 1 or multiple processes.

[0088] A storage medium includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and information storage can be implemented by any method or technology. The information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassette tapes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device.

[0089] Embodiment Six

[0090] This embodiment provides a computer device, including a processor and a storage medium storing program code. When the program code is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the multiple wave suppression method described above or the steps of the seismic imaging method described above:

[0091] Preprocess the original seismic data to obtain common reflection point gather data;

[0092] Perform normal moveout correction on the common reflection point gather data using the primary wave velocity to obtain the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point;

[0093] Extract the primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point, and subtract the extracted primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point to obtain the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point after removing the primary wave;

[0094] Perform reverse normal moveout correction on the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point after removing the primary wave using the primary wave velocity, and perform normal moveout correction on the result of this reverse normal moveout correction using the multiple wave velocity. Then extract the multiple wave data from the result of this normal moveout correction, and use this multiple wave data as the initial multiple wave data;

[0095] Perform reverse normal moveout correction on the initial multiple wave data using the multiple wave velocity, and perform normal moveout correction on the result of this reverse normal moveout correction using the primary wave velocity to obtain the final multiple wave data;

[0096] Subtract the final multiple wave data from the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point to obtain the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point after suppressing the multiple waves.

[0097] In one embodiment, the computer device includes one or more processors (CPUs), an input / output interface, a network interface, and a memory.

[0098] The memory may include non - permanent memory in the form of computer - readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non - volatile memory, such as read - only memory (ROM) or flash memory (FLASH RAM). The memory is an example of computer - readable media.

[0099] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. When the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0100] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description, claims and drawings of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0101] It should be understood that the exemplary embodiments in this specification can be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited only to the embodiments set forth herein. These embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of the present application is thorough and complete, and the concept of these exemplary embodiments is fully conveyed to those of ordinary skill in the art, and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0102] Any equivalent structural or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be equally included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

[0103] Through the description of the above - mentioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above - mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general - purpose hardware platform. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better embodiment. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a readable storage medium as described above (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions for causing a system device (which can be a mobile phone, computer, server, air conditioner, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multiple suppression method, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Preprocess the original seismic data to obtain common reflection point gather data; Perform normal moveout correction on the common reflection point gather data using the primary wave velocity to obtain zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point; Extract the primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point, and subtract the extracted primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point to obtain the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point after removing the primary wave; Perform inverse normal moveout correction on the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point after removing the primary wave using the primary wave velocity, and perform normal moveout correction on the result of the inverse normal moveout correction using the multiple wave velocity. Then extract the multiple wave data from the result of the normal moveout correction, and use the multiple wave data as the initial multiple wave data; Perform inverse normal moveout correction on the initial multiple wave data using the multiple wave velocity, and perform normal moveout correction on the result of the inverse normal moveout correction using the primary wave velocity to obtain the final multiple wave data; Subtract the final multiple wave data from the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point to obtain the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point after suppressing the multiple waves; Among them, extracting the primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point includes: Perform a first filtering process on the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point to extract the primary wave data from the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point; The first filtering process includes frequency-wavenumber domain filtering; the frequency-wavenumber domain filtering suppresses clutter based on the different apparent velocities of the useful signal and other clutter in the echo signal, obtains the primary wave data in the zero-offset gather data of the flat reflection event common reflection point, and then subtracts the primary wave data in the zero-offset gather data of the reflection event common reflection point from the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point to obtain the zero-offset gather data of the common reflection point after removing the primary wave.

2. The multiple wave suppression method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Extracting the multiple wave data from the result of the normal moveout correction includes: Perform a second filtering process on the result of the normal moveout correction to extract the multiple wave data.

3. The multiple wave suppression method according to claim 2, wherein The second filtering process includes frequency-wavenumber domain filtering.

4. The multiple wave suppression method according to claim 1, wherein Extracting the multiple wave data from the result of the normal moveout correction includes: Perform the Radon transform on the result of the normal moveout correction to extract the multiple wave data.

5. The multiple wave suppression method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before performing normal moveout correction on the common reflection point gather data using the primary wave velocity, the method further includes the steps of: Pick up the velocity information of the common reflection point using the velocity scanning method; Pick up the primary wave velocity and the multiple wave velocity of the common reflection point from the velocity information of the common reflection point.

6. An earthquake imaging method, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: For the common reflection point gather data at different depths in the formation, suppress the multiple waves in the common reflection point gather data at different depths in the formation using the multiple wave suppression method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 to obtain the common reflection point gather data at different depths in the formation after suppressing the multiple waves; Stack the common reflection point gather data at different depths in the formation after suppressing the multiple waves to obtain the seismic imaging of the stacked section of the formation in the depth direction.

7. A storage medium stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the multiple wave suppression method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the steps of the seismic imaging method according to claim 6.

8. A computer device, comprising a processor and a storage medium storing program code, when the program code is executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the multiple wave suppression method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the steps of the seismic imaging method according to claim 6.

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