Milling head for excavating circular shafts

Abstract

The present invention discloses a milling and excavating head for excavating a circular vertical shaft, which comprises a cylinder, a base, a chisel, and a flat shovel. The cylinder comprises a main body, a first fixing portion, and a second fixing portion. The main body is designed to be in the shape of a wine barrel with small diameters at both ends and a large diameter in the middle. A plurality of disassembly portions and accommodation portions are provided on the outer surface thereof along the longitudinal section profile. A plurality of bases are welded in the accommodation portion of the main body, and chisels and flat shovels are installed in the bases to mill and excavate the ground. A circular vertical shaft with a large diameter can be directly excavated with high working efficiency, good roundness of the inner wall of the vertical shaft, long service life, easy maintenance and replacement, and no damage to the geological environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel boring machines, and particularly relates to a milling head for a shaft tunnel boring machine. Background Art

[0002] Vertical shafts are essential for human access to deep underground space, and shaft development technology is a key enabler for a country's deep resource extraction and underground space development. Currently, to shorten construction periods and meet ventilation and material supply requirements, long-distance railway tunnel projects generally adopt a "long tunnel, short tunnel, multiple branch tunnels" approach. These branch tunnels are often inclined shafts. Based on a 10% slope, a tunnel with an average depth of 500 meters and a total length of 30 kilometers would require the construction of at least five inclined branch tunnels, each approximately 5 kilometers long, as auxiliary works. This represents a significant engineering effort and a long construction period. To enable rapid and reliable shaft construction, Herrenknecht developed the Vertical Shaft Sinking Machine (VSM), which has been widely accepted in the market. This unique mechanized shaft sinking machine is particularly advantageous when constructing in strata below groundwater. Generally, it can be used in stable soft formations with a compressive strength of less than 80 MPa. Vertical Shaft Sinking Machines consist of two main components: a shaft excavation unit and a sinking unit. The shaft excavator is hoisted into the launch shaft structure and securely attached to the shaft wall by three mechanical arms. A rotatable cutting head with cutting teeth is mounted on one telescopic arm. The cutting head excavates the soil at the bottom of the shaft. The cutting head is retractable and can rotate upward, downward, and rotate. This allows the entire shaft to be excavated, with a certain amount of overexcavation achieved. This significantly shortens the construction period and reduces project costs, and is particularly significant for ensuring the safe and rapid construction of long-distance, deep-buried railway mountain tunnels. However, the milling heads currently used do not achieve the ideal roundness of the shaft inner wall after cutting, requiring subsequent repair work. Furthermore, the chisel bits can only be replaced by the primitive hammer disassembly method, resulting in low construction efficiency and high labor intensity. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a milling head for excavating circular vertical shafts, which can directly excavate circular vertical shafts with large diameters, has high working efficiency, good roundness of the inner wall of the vertical shaft, long service life, easy maintenance and replacement, and does not damage the geological environment.

[0004] The object of the present invention is achieved by providing a milling head for excavating a circular vertical shaft, comprising a barrel, a base, a chisel, and a flat shovel. The barrel comprises a barrel-shaped body and a first fixing portion and a second fixing portion provided on both axial sides of the body. The first fixing portion and the second fixing portion are disc-shaped. The body has a diameter φX1 at both ends and a diameter φX2 at the middle, and the diameter φX1 is less than φX2.

[0005] The mouths on both sides of the body are symmetrically arranged in a step-like manner, and a first inner surface, a second inner surface, a third inner surface and a fourth inner surface are formed inside the body, which are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, wherein the first inner surface has a diameter φX3; the second inner surface has a diameter φX4; the third inner surface has a diameter φX5; the fourth inner surface (18) has a diameter φX6, and the diameter φX3 < diameter φX4 < diameter φX5 < diameter φX6 < diameter φX1 < diameter φX2;

[0006] A plurality of mounting seats are provided on the outer surface of the main body, and the mounting seats include a recessed receiving portion for fixing the base and a disassembly portion for assisting in disassembling the base, and the receiving portion and the disassembly portion are communicated with each other; the base is fixed to the main body through the receiving portion; the chisel and the flat shovel are fixed to the surface of the main body through the base, and the chisel and the flat shovel are staggered on the surface of the main body.

[0007] Preferably, the size range of φX1 is between 400mm and 1400mm, the size range of φX2 is between 500mm and 1500mm; and the length of the main body is between 400mm and 1900mm.

[0008] Preferably, the base is fixed to the body by welding, and the first fixing portion and the second fixing portion are respectively fixed by welding on the second inner surface.

[0009] Preferably, the plurality of mounting seats are arranged in a spiral shape on the surface of the main body.

[0010] Preferably, the plurality of mounting seats are arranged on the surface of the body along 4 to 16 spiral lines, and are arranged on both sides of the midplane of the body along the spiral lines.

[0011] Preferably, a first through hole is processed in the middle of the first fixing portion, and a second through hole is processed in the middle of the second fixing portion.

[0012] Preferably, a first internal threaded hole group is provided on the first fixing portion; and a second internal threaded hole group is provided on the second fixing portion.

[0013] Preferably, the chisels and flat shovels are arranged alternately along a spiral line.

[0014] Preferably, the projected distance between the vertex of the chisel and the midpoint of the upper end of the adjacent flat shovel on the same spiral line is not less than 10 mm.

[0015] Preferably, the projected distance between the apex of the chisel and the upper midpoint of the adjacent flat shovel on the same spiral line is 30 mm to 100 mm.

[0016] The milling and digging head for excavating a circular vertical shaft of the present invention has a barrel-shaped body, which is more conducive to excavation operations; a plurality of bases are welded in the accommodating portion of the body, and chisels and flat shovels are installed in the bases to mill and dig the ground, thereby being able to directly excavate a circular vertical shaft with a large diameter, having high work efficiency, good roundness of the inner wall of the vertical shaft, long service life, easy maintenance and replacement, and no damage to the geological environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a front view of the milling head barrel of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 AA full cross-sectional view of the cylinder;

[0019] Figure 3 Too Figure 1 AA full cross-sectional view of the cylinder;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a front view of the milling head of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 is a side view of the milling head of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a top view of the vertical shaft formed after excavation by the milling head of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Full cross-section view of the BB. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, a milling head for a shaft boring machine comprises a barrel 1, a base 2, a chisel 3, and a flat blade 4. The barrel comprises a cylindrical body 100 and a first fixing portion 8 and a second fixing portion 9 disposed axially on opposite sides of the barrel. The outer surface 101 of the body 100 is provided with a plurality of recessed disassembly portions 6 and receiving portions 7, which are interconnected with the disassembly portions 6. The plurality of disassembly portions 6 and receiving portions 7 disposed on the outer surface 101 of the body 100 are arranged in a spiral pattern according to a certain pattern. A corresponding number of bases 2 are placed within the receiving portions 7 and are welded to the receiving portions 7. A corresponding number of chisels 3 and flat blades 4 are mounted within the base 2. The bases 2 are arranged in a spiral pattern according to a certain pattern. This spiral pattern typically comprises 4 to 16 spirals, with the chisels and flat blades arranged alternately along the spirals, and the spirals are arranged on either side of a median plane M. The base 2 is fixedly connected to the barrel 1 by metal welding. The distance between the top point 30 of the chisel 3 and the upper midpoint 40 of the blade 4, projected onto the ground, is L1, which ranges from 30 mm to 100 mm. The top point 30 of the chisel 3 and the working portion 41 of the blade 4 are constructed from wear-resistant alloy components. The main body is designed in a barrel shape with smaller diameters at both ends and a larger diameter in the middle. Practice has shown that this curved surface is more conducive to excavation operations. Multiple recessed disassembly sections 6 and receiving sections 7 are provided on its outer surface, following the longitudinal cross-sectional contour.

[0026] In this embodiment, the body 100 is barrel-shaped, with a first fixing portion 8 and a second fixing portion 9 provided axially on opposite sides of the body 100. The first and second fixing portions 8, 9 are disc-shaped. The base 2 is welded to the body 100, with the first and second fixing portions 8, 9 respectively welded to the second inner surface 16. The body 100 has a diameter φX1 at both ends and a diameter φX2 in the middle, with φX1 being less than φX2.

[0027] like Figure 2 Figure 3 As shown, the cylinder 1 has a left end face 13 and a right end face 14. The length L2 from the left end face 13 to the right end face 14 ranges from 400 mm to 1900 mm. The cylinder 1 has a midplane M, and a diameter φX2 located at the intersection of the outer surface 101 and the midplane M. This diameter φX2 is the maximum diameter of the cylinder's outer surface. The diameter φX1 is located at the intersection of the outer surface 101 with the left end face 13 and the right end face 14. This diameter φX1 is the minimum diameter of the cylinder's outer surface.

[0028] exist Figure 2 Figure 3As can be seen, the interior of the body 100 comprises a first inner surface 15, a second inner surface 16, a third inner surface 17, and a fourth inner surface 18, which are symmetrically arranged about a mid-plane M. The first inner surface 15 of the body 100 has a diameter φX3; the second inner surface 16 has a diameter φX4; the third inner surface 17 has a diameter φX5; and the fourth inner surface 18 has a diameter φX6. Furthermore, on the same cylindrical body 1, diameter φX3 < diameter φX4 < diameter φX5 < diameter φX6 < diameter φX1 < diameter φX2. The size range of φX1 is between 400mm and 1400mm, and the size range of φX2 is between 500mm and 1500mm; the size range of φX3 is between 300mm and 1300mm; the size range of φX4 is between 310mm and 1310mm; the size range of φX5 is between 330mm and 1330mm; and the size range of φX6 is between 350mm and 1350mm.

[0029] exist Figure 4 The maximum working width L of the milling head for the shaft boring machine is shown in FIG. 1 , that is, the distance from the vertex 30 of the leftmost chisel 3 to the vertex 30 of the rightmost chisel 3 , and the size range is between 500 mm and 2000 mm. Figure 2 The maximum working diameter φX of the milling head for a shaft boring machine is shown in the figure, i.e. the diameter formed by the apex 30 of the chisel 3 installed in the base 2 around the surface of the cylinder 1, and the size range is between 800mm and 1800mm.

[0030] exist Figure 1-3 As can be seen in the figure, the main body 100 is in the shape of a cylindrical hollow cylinder, in which a first fixing part 8 and a second fixing part 9 are provided. A first internal threaded hole group 10 is provided on the first fixing part 8; a second internal threaded hole group 11 is provided on the second fixing part 9. The first fixing part 8 and the second fixing part 9 are fixedly connected to the main body 100 by metal welding. The first fixing part 8 and the second fixing part 9 are in the shape of circular discs, with a through hole 12 and a through hole 5 at the center of the circle respectively. During installation, bolts are used to pass through the first internal threaded hole group 10 and the second internal threaded hole group 11, and the milling head is fixed on both sides to the corresponding bearing bracket of the shaft boring machine, so that the milling head can rotate freely. The cylinder 1 has a length L2, and the size range is between 400mm and 1900mm. The cylinder 1 has a maximum diameter φX2, which is in the middle of the cylinder 1 and has a size range of 500mm to 1500mm; the cylinder 1 has a minimum diameter φX1, which is in the two sides of the cylinder 1 and has a size range of 400mm to 1400mm. Figure 2-3It can be seen from the cross-sectional view of the cylinder 1 that the cylinder 1 has a small diameter at both ends and a large diameter in the middle, and its surface 101 is composed of an arc with a radius R (i.e. the radius of the curved surface of the barrel-shaped body). The size range of R is between 3000mm and 9000mm. Under this arc or curvature, the cylinder has better excavation performance.

[0031] like Figure 4 Figure 5 As shown, the maximum working diameter φX of the milling head for a shaft boring machine is the diameter formed by the base 2 encircling the surface of the cylinder 1 and the top 30 of the chisel 3 installed in the base 2 on the median plane M, that is, with the central axis A as the rotation axis, and the diameter ranges from 800mm to 1800mm. It also includes the minimum working diameter φXX, which is the diameter formed by the base 2 encircling the surface of the cylinder 1 and the top 30 of the chisel 3 installed in the base 2 on the two side planes M1 and M2, that is, with the central axis A as the rotation axis, and the diameter ranges from 700mm to 1700mm. Figure 4 , Figure 5 The line connecting the maximum working diameter φX and the minimum working diameter φXX in the axial direction A is Figure 4 A cutting trajectory line 300 is formed in the axial direction A, with the center O on the median plane M, having a radius RD and a size ranging from 4000 mm to 10000 mm.

[0032] exist Figure 4 Figure 5 The figure shows that the apex 30 of the chisel 3 and the working portion 41 of the flat blade 4 are in direct contact with the geological material chopped by the rapidly rotating milling head. The regularly arranged spiral base 2, chisel 3, and flat blade 4 serve as a guide, evenly collecting the fine geological material chopped by the milling head toward the center, facilitating its centralized transport and storage outside the work area. When the apex 30 of the chisel 3 and the working portion 41 of the flat blade 4 become worn beyond their usability, the chisel 3 and flat blade 4 can be easily removed, replaced with a new one, and reattached.

[0033] like Figure 6 Figure 7 The figure shows a vertical shaft excavated by the milling head of the present invention, which has a well-rounded inner wall. The top view and full cross-sectional view of the vertical shaft 200 formed by the milling head of the present invention show that the vertical shaft 200 has a circular entrance 202, an inner surface 201, a depth D, and a bottom surface 203. The inner surface 201 has a diameter φD, which is at least greater than or equal to twice the radius RD of the cutting trajectory 300.

[0034] Therefore, a milling head for a shaft boring machine of the present invention is achieved by welding multiple bases 2 on a cylinder 1 according to a certain pattern, and installing a chisel 3 and a flat shovel 4 in the base 2 to mill the ground, which can achieve a longer service life, better wear characteristics, and simpler replacement and maintenance.

[0035] It should be noted that the drawings of this embodiment are all in a very simplified form and use non-precise ratios, and are only used to conveniently and clearly assist in explaining the embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] It should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each implementation method can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0037] The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions of the feasible implementation methods of this application. They are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the application. Any equivalent implementation methods or changes that do not deviate from the technical spirit of this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A milling head for excavating a circular shaft, characterized in that: The invention comprises a cylinder (1), a base (2), a chisel (3) and a flat shovel (4), wherein the cylinder (1) comprises a barrel-shaped body (100) and a first fixing portion (8) and a second fixing portion (9) provided on both axial sides of the body (100), wherein the first fixing portion (8) and the second fixing portion (9) are disc-shaped; the two ends of the body (100) have a diameter φX1, the middle part has a diameter φX2, and the diameter φX1 is less than φX2; The mouths on both sides of the body (100) are symmetrically arranged in a step-like manner, and a first inner surface (15), a second inner surface (16), a third inner surface (17) and a fourth inner surface (18) are formed inside the body (100) and arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, wherein the first inner surface (15) has a diameter φX3; the second inner surface (16) has a diameter φX4; the third inner surface (17) has a diameter φX5; the fourth inner surface (18) has a diameter φX6, and the diameter φX3 < diameter φX4 < diameter φX5 < diameter φX6 < diameter φX1 < diameter φX2; The outer surface of the body (100) is provided with a plurality of mounting seats, the mounting seats including a recessed receiving portion (7) for fixing the base (2) and a disassembly portion (6) for assisting in disassembling the base (2), the receiving portion (7) and the disassembly portion (6) being connected; the base (2) is fixed to the body (100) via the receiving portion (7); the chisel (3) and the flat shovel (4) are mounted and fixed on the surface of the body (100) via the base (2), and the chisel (3) and the flat shovel (4) are arranged alternately on the surface of the body (100); The plurality of mounting seats are arranged in a spiral shape on the surface of the body (100); The size range of φX1 is between 400 mm and 1400 mm, and the size range of φX2 is between 500 mm and 1500 mm; the length of the body (100) is 400 mm to 1900 mm, and the surface of the body (100) is a curved surface with a radius of 3000 mm to 9000 mm; The base is fixed to the body (100) by welding, and the first fixing portion (8) and the second fixing portion (9) are respectively fixed by welding on the second inner surface (16).

2. The milling head for excavating a circular shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of mounting seats are arranged on the surface of the body (100) along 4 to 16 spiral lines, and are arranged on both sides of the midplane (M) along the spiral lines of the body (100).

3. The milling head for excavating a circular shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first through hole (12) is machined in the middle of the first fixing portion (8), and a second through hole (5) is machined in the middle of the second fixing portion (9).

4. The milling head for excavating a circular shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first internal threaded hole group (10) is provided on the first fixing portion (8); and a second internal threaded hole group (11) is provided on the second fixing portion (9).

5. The milling head for excavating a circular shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chisel (3) and the flat shovel (4) are arranged alternately along a spiral line.

6. The milling head for excavating a circular shaft according to claim 5, characterized in that: The projection distance between the vertex (30) of the chisel (3) and the upper end midpoint (40) of the adjacent flat shovel (4) on the same spiral line is not less than 10 mm.

7. The milling head for excavating a circular shaft according to claim 6, characterized in that: The projection distance between the vertex (30) of the chisel (3) and the upper end midpoint (40) of the adjacent flat shovel (4) on the same spiral line is 30 mm to 100 mm.

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