Threaded nozzle, material and casting method thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of pdc drill bit device, disclose a kind of threaded nozzle, material and its casting method, threaded nozzle material mass fraction includes: titanium carbonitride solid solution 50%~55%, nickel 32%~38%, cobalt 3%~8%, chromium 3%~6%, other trace elements≤2%.Threaded nozzle includes: wing, thread, joint;Nozzle body lower end is provided with joint, nozzle body is provided with thread, nozzle body upper side is provided with wing.Ticn-based cermet, its hard phase component tic and tin are very stable carbide and nitride, while wc phase is more prone to oxidation.Ticn-based cermet in 5% nitric acid, 50% sodium hydroxide solution, its corrosion resistance is more than yg8 hard alloy, and the more bonding phase of ticn-based cermet, the better corrosion resistance.In the present application, threaded nozzle has better wear resistance, corrosion resistance and lower cost than hard alloy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of PDC drill bit technology, and particularly relates to a threaded nozzle, its material, and its casting method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, oil drilling involves discovering oil-bearing blocks through exploration. It refers to the process of drilling a cylindrical borehole of a certain diameter downwards or to one side at a pre-selected surface location using specialized equipment and technology to reach the underground oil and gas layer. Oil drilling equipment includes PDC drill bits, short for polycrystalline diamond composite drill bits; these are a commonly used drilling tool in the geological drilling industry. In fact, they evolved from diamond drills. PDC drill bits are equipped with nozzles, called water nozzles, which mainly serve to flush, clean, cool, and lubricate the drill teeth to assist in rock breaking. Operating environment: bottom hole temperature is generally 150℃ to 200℃, and the drill bit life is at least 350 hours.

[0003] Based on the above analysis, the problems and defects of the existing technology are as follows: the existing cemented carbide PDC drill bit nozzles have poor wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and are costly. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a threaded nozzle, a material, and a casting method thereof.

[0005] The present invention is implemented as follows: a threaded nozzle, wherein the threaded nozzle is provided with, including:

[0006] Nozzle body;

[0007] The nozzle body has a connector at the lower end, threads on the nozzle body, and blades on the upper side of the nozzle body.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for casting the threaded nozzle, the method comprising:

[0009] Step 1: Heat and melt titanium carbide and titanium nitride in a certain proportion to form a metallic solid solution, which serves as the hard phase. During the formation of the hard phase, nickel powder, cobalt powder, chromium powder, trace element niobium powder, and vanadium powder are added in a certain proportion as binders.

[0010] Step two: The molten metal is added to the ladle, and the molten metal in the ladle enters the tundish through a long nozzle; through the accumulation of the molten metal, it enters the casting mold through the impregnation nozzle on the bottom side of the tundish; at the same time, the temperature of the impregnation nozzle is detected, and the temperature of the impregnation nozzle is controlled by the heating device through the controller.

[0011] Step 3: After the casting model is filled, it is vibrated using an ultrasonic vibrator; the blank nozzle inside the casting model is then cooled to room temperature.

[0012] Step four: When the blank cools to a certain temperature, demolding, annealing, and pretreatment are performed, and the nozzle is degreased.

[0013] Step 5: Perform surface treatment on the pre-treated nozzle blank, and cut, turn, mill, and grind to produce threads that meet the requirements; after the threads are processed, spray coating is applied.

[0014] Furthermore, the process of removing the mold from the blank is as follows:

[0015] The casting mold containing the blank is placed in the demolding machine. Various free demolding, cap removal and ingot removal operations are completed by the opening and closing and lifting motion of the clamps and the gravity of the blank. Forced demolding is carried out by the pushing and blocking of the push tool and the relative linear motion between it and the clamping tool.

[0016] Furthermore, in step four, the annealing process of the blank is as follows:

[0017] Heat the blank to a temperature of Ac3+43~51℃; heating time: 1.5~1.8 min / mm;

[0018] The holding time is determined as one-third of the heating time; for carbon steel, it is 100-200°C per hour.

[0019] Furthermore, in step four, the pretreatment includes: humidification, low-pressure cleaning, high-pressure cleaning, conversion into a film, moisture drying, and cooling.

[0020] Furthermore, in step four, the thread turning method includes:

[0021] The blank is fixed on the turntable, and the middle slide is fed laterally by cutting simultaneously with the left and right cutting edges of the cutting tool.

[0022] The thread is machined through multiple passes until it is properly threaded.

[0023] Furthermore, in step five, the spray coating method includes:

[0024] Place the nozzle blank in the electrophoretic pool so that the electrophoretic coating submerges the nozzle blank;

[0025] Anode and cathode are installed in an electric pool, and a certain voltage is applied. Charged paint ions move to the cathode and react with the alkalinity generated on the cathode surface to form an insoluble substance, which is deposited on the surface of the nozzle blank; and the corresponding outer coating is sprayed.

[0026] Furthermore, the titanium carbonitride solid solution contains 50%–55% titanium, 32%–38% nickel, 3%–8% cobalt, 3%–6% chromium, and trace elements niobium and vanadium ≤2%.

[0027] Another object of the present invention is to provide a threaded nozzle manufactured by the casting method of the threaded nozzle.

[0028] Another object of the present invention is to provide a PDC drill bit device equipped with the aforementioned threaded nozzle.

[0029] Combining all the above technical solutions, the advantages and positive effects of this invention are as follows: the threaded nozzle of this invention has better wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and lower cost compared to cemented carbide; the analysis from the three aspects of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and cost advantage is as follows:

[0030] (1) Wear resistance; the main indicator for measuring wear resistance is hardness. Ti(CN) titanium carbonitride-based cermets and other tungsten-cobalt cemented carbides are all formed by sintering the hard phase and the binder phase at high temperature using powder metallurgy technology. Under the same conditions, the hard phase of cemented carbides is tungsten carbide (WC), and its hardness is 1780 kg / cm². 3 The hard phase of the cermet is a titanium carbonitride solid solution, which combines the advantages of both TIC and TI, and also has higher hardness, better wear resistance, and better thermal stability than TiC and TiN. The hardness of titanium carbide is 3200 kg / cm². 3 Titanium carbide has a hardness range of 8 to 9 on the Mohs scale, both of which are harder than tungsten carbide. In terms of thermal and electrical conductivity, cermets have significant advantages. During friction, the heat from cermets can be quickly carried away without producing a high-temperature heat accumulation effect. At the same time, the coefficient of friction of tin and tic is lower than that of cemented carbide. The TiO2 produced at high temperatures is an auxiliary lubricant. Therefore, cermets have a greater advantage in wear resistance.

[0031] (2) Corrosion resistance; Ticn-based cermets, whose hard phase components are tic and tin, are both very stable carbides and nitrides, while the wc phase is more prone to oxidation. In 5% nitric acid and 50% sodium hydroxide solutions, the corrosion resistance of ticn-based cermets is better than that of YG8 cemented carbide, and the more binder phase ticn-based cermets have, the better their corrosion resistance.

[0032] (3) Cost advantage; Tungsten is a rare metal, a widely distributed element found in almost all types of rocks, but in low concentrations. Tungsten accounts for 0.001% of the Earth's crust, and its average content in granite is 1.5 × 10⁻⁶. -6This characteristic makes its extraction extremely difficult, typically requiring organic solvent extraction and ion exchange methods. Ten kilometers of earth's surface contain up to 0.6% titanium, 61 times more than copper, ranking tenth in abundance in the Earth's crust (elements in the crust are: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, hydrogen, titanium). Even a handful of soil contains several parts per thousand of titanium, and titanium ore reserves exceeding ten million tons are not uncommon worldwide. Titanium resources in the Earth's crust far exceed tungsten resources, and tungsten, as a rare metal, is certainly more expensive than titanium. The density of Ticn-based cermets is 6.5–7.2 g / cm³. 3 Tungsten-cobalt cemented carbides generally have a density of 14 g / cm³. 3 In summary, the density of cermet is less than half that of cemented carbide, and for the same weight, the amount of cermet is more than twice that of cemented carbide, so it has a significant cost advantage. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the threaded nozzle structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the threaded nozzle casting method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the method for removing the film from a blank provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the thread turning method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the spray coating method provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] In the diagram: 1. Blade; 2. Thread; 3. Connector. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0041] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a threaded nozzle, a material, and a casting method thereof. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the threaded nozzle provided in this embodiment of the invention includes: a blade 1, a thread 2, and a connector 3. The connector 3 is provided at the lower end of the nozzle body, the thread 2 is provided on the nozzle body, and the blade 1 is provided on the upper side of the nozzle body.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, the threaded nozzle casting method provided in this embodiment of the invention includes:

[0044] S101: Titanium carbide and titanium nitride are heated and melted in proportion to form a metallic solid solution, which serves as the hard phase; during the formation of the hard phase, nickel powder, cobalt powder, chromium powder, trace element niobium powder, and vanadium powder are added in a certain proportion as binders.

[0045] S102: The above-mentioned molten metal is added to the ladle, and the molten metal in the ladle enters the tundish through a long nozzle; through the accumulation of the molten metal, it enters the casting mold through the impregnation nozzle on the bottom side of the tundish; at the same time, the temperature of the impregnation nozzle is detected, and the temperature of the impregnation nozzle is controlled by the heating device through the controller.

[0046] S103: After the casting model is filled, it is vibrated using an ultrasonic vibrator; the blank nozzle inside the casting model is cooled to room temperature.

[0047] S104: When the blank is cooled to a certain temperature, demolding, annealing, and pretreatment are performed, and the nozzle is degreased.

[0048] S105: Perform surface treatment on the pre-treated nozzle blank and cut, turn, mill, and grind to produce threads that meet the requirements; after the threads are processed, spray coating is applied.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, the process of demolding the blank provided in this invention is as follows:

[0050] S201: Place the casting mold containing the blank into the demolding machine;

[0051] S202: Various free demolding, cap removal and ingot removal operations are completed by the opening and closing and lifting motion of the clamps and the gravity of the blank;

[0052] S203: Forced demolding is performed by using the push and stop of the push tool and the relative linear motion between it and the clamping tool.

[0053] In S104 provided by this embodiment of the invention, the annealing process of the blank is as follows:

[0054] Heat the blank to a temperature of Ac3+43~51℃; heating time: 1.5~1.8 min / mm;

[0055] The holding time is determined as one-third of the heating time; for carbon steel, it is 100-200°C per hour.

[0056] In S104 provided in this embodiment of the invention, the pretreatment includes: humidification, low-pressure cleaning, high-pressure cleaning, conversion into a film, moisture drying, and cooling.

[0057] like Figure 4 As shown, in S104 of the embodiment of the present invention, the thread turning method includes:

[0058] S301: Fix the blank on the turntable and feed the middle slide laterally by cutting with the cutting edges on both sides of the cutting tool at the same time;

[0059] S302: Through multiple passes, until the threads are machined.

[0060] like Figure 5 As shown, in S105 of the embodiment of the present invention, the spray coating method includes:

[0061] S401: Place the nozzle blank in the electrophoretic pool so that the electrophoretic coating submerges the nozzle blank;

[0062] S402: Anode and cathode are installed in an electric pool, and a certain voltage is applied. Charged paint ions move to the cathode and react with the alkaline reaction generated on the cathode surface to form an insoluble substance, which is deposited on the surface of the nozzle blank.

[0063] S403: After the paint film is completed, apply the corresponding outer coating by spraying.

[0064] The threaded nozzle material provided in this embodiment of the invention comprises the following mass fractions: 50%–55% titanium carbonitride solid solution, 32%–38% nickel, 3%–8% cobalt, 3%–6% chromium, and other trace elements (niobium, vanadium) ≤2%. The threaded nozzle is mainly composed of titanium carbide and titanium nitride solid solutions as the hard phase, nickel powder and cobalt powder as the main binders, and some other rare metals as trace elements to regulate product performance (improving room temperature and high temperature performance, controlling grain size, etc.).

[0065] The threaded nozzle of this invention exhibits better wear resistance and corrosion resistance compared to cemented carbide, while also being less expensive. The analysis of its advantages in wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and cost is as follows:

[0066] 1. Wear resistance; the main indicator for measuring wear resistance is hardness. Ti(CN) titanium carbonitride-based cermets and other tungsten-cobalt cemented carbides are all formed by sintering the hard phase and binder phase at high temperature using powder metallurgy technology. Under the same conditions, the hard phase of cemented carbides is tungsten carbide (WC), and its hardness is 1780 kg / cm². 3 The hard phase of the cermet is a titanium carbonitride solid solution, which combines the advantages of both TIC and TI, and also has higher hardness, better wear resistance, and better thermal stability than TiC and TiN. The hardness of titanium carbide is 3200 kg / cm². 3 Titanium carbide has a hardness range of 8 to 9 on the Mohs scale, both of which are harder than tungsten carbide. In terms of thermal and electrical conductivity, cermets have significant advantages. During friction, the heat from cermets can be quickly carried away without producing a high-temperature heat accumulation effect. At the same time, the coefficient of friction of tin and tic is lower than that of cemented carbide. The TiO2 produced at high temperatures is an auxiliary lubricant. Therefore, cermets have a greater advantage in wear resistance.

[0067] 2. Corrosion Resistance: Ticn-based cermets, whose hard phases consist of TIC and TINC, are both very stable carbides and nitrides, while the WC phase is more prone to oxidation. According to a paper published by Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ticn-based cermets exhibit better corrosion resistance than YG8 cemented carbide in 5% nitric acid and 50% sodium hydroxide solutions. Furthermore, the more binder phase a Ticn-based cermet contains, the better its corrosion resistance.

[0068] 3. Cost advantage; Tungsten is a rare metal, a widely distributed element found in almost all types of rocks, but in low concentrations. Tungsten accounts for 0.001% of the Earth's crust, with an average content of 1.5 × 10⁻⁶ in granite. -6 This characteristic makes its extraction extremely difficult, typically requiring organic solvent extraction and ion exchange methods. Ten kilometers of earth's surface contain up to 0.6% titanium, 61 times more than copper, ranking tenth in abundance in the Earth's crust (elements in the crust are: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, hydrogen, titanium). Even a handful of soil contains several parts per thousand of titanium, and titanium ore reserves exceeding ten million tons are not uncommon worldwide. Titanium resources in the Earth's crust far exceed tungsten resources, and tungsten, as a rare metal, is certainly more expensive than titanium. The density of Ticn-based cermets is 6.5–7.2 g / cm³. 3 Tungsten-cobalt cemented carbides generally have a density of 14 g / cm³. 3 In summary, the density of cermet is less than half that of cemented carbide, and for the same weight, the amount of cermet is more than twice that of cemented carbide, so it has a significant cost advantage.

[0069] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," "tail," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0070] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, and within the spirit and principles of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A threaded nozzle, characterized in that, The threaded nozzle is provided with: Nozzle body; A connector is provided at the lower end of the nozzle body, threads are provided on the nozzle body, and a blade is provided on the upper side of the nozzle body; The threaded nozzle casting method includes: Step 1: Heat and melt titanium carbide and titanium nitride in a certain proportion to form a metallic solid solution, which serves as the hard phase. During the formation of the hard phase, nickel powder, cobalt powder, chromium powder, trace element niobium powder, and vanadium powder are added in a certain proportion as binders. Step 2: The above-mentioned metal solid solution is added to the ladle, and the metal solid solution in the ladle enters the tundish through a long nozzle; after the metal solid solution accumulates, it enters the casting mold through the immersion nozzle on the bottom side of the tundish; at the same time, the temperature of the immersion nozzle is detected, and the temperature of the immersion nozzle is controlled by the heating device through the controller. Step 3: After the casting model is filled, it is vibrated using an ultrasonic vibrator; the blank nozzle inside the casting model is then cooled to room temperature. Step four: When the blank cools to a certain temperature, demolding, annealing, and pretreatment are performed, and the nozzle is degreased. Step 5: Perform surface treatment on the pre-treated nozzle blank, and cut, turn, mill, and grind to produce threads that meet the requirements; after the threads are processed, spray coating is applied.

2. The threaded nozzle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of removing the film from the blank is as follows: The casting mold containing the blank is placed in the demolding machine. Through the opening and closing and lifting movements of the clamps, combined with the gravity of the blank, various free demolding, cap removal and ingot removal operations are completed. Forced demolding operations are carried out by using the pushing and blocking of the push tool and the relative linear motion between it and the clamping tool.

3. The threaded nozzle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step four, the annealing process of the blank is as follows: Heat the blank to a temperature of Ac3 + 43~51°C; heating time: 1.5~1.8 min / mm; The holding time is determined as one-third of the heating time; the heating rate of carbon steel is 100~200°C per hour.

4. The threaded nozzle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step four, the pretreatment includes: humidification, low-pressure cleaning, high-pressure cleaning, conversion into a film, moisture drying, and cooling.

5. The threaded nozzle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step five, the thread turning method, includes: The blank is fixed on the turntable, and the middle slide is fed laterally by cutting simultaneously with the left and right cutting edges of the cutting tool. The thread is machined through multiple passes until it is properly threaded.

6. The threaded nozzle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step five, the spray coating method includes: Place the nozzle blank in the electrophoretic pool so that the electrophoretic coating submerges the nozzle blank; Anode and cathode are installed in an electric pool, and a certain voltage is applied. Charged paint ions move to the cathode and form an insoluble substance under the alkaline effect generated on the cathode surface, which is deposited on the surface of the nozzle blank; and the corresponding outer coating is sprayed.

7. The threaded nozzle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The solid solution formed by heating and melting titanium carbide and titanium nitride is a titanium carbonitride solid solution. The mass fraction of the threaded nozzle material includes: 50%~55% titanium carbonitride solid solution, 32%~38% nickel, 3%~8% cobalt, 3%~6% chromium, and trace elements niobium and vanadium ≤2%.

8. A PDC drill bit device equipped with the threaded nozzle of claim 1.

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