Seismic illumination method, device, electronic equipment and medium based on shot detection for signal-to-noise ratio

Abstract

The present application discloses a method, device, electronic device and medium for seismic illumination based on the signal-to-noise ratio of gun-to-gun pairs. The method may include: establishing a three-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio model of gun-to-gun pairs; determining a standard track or a standard track set; calculating model parameters based on the standard track or the standard track set and evaluating them. The present invention is applicable to the design of seismic acquisition observation systems, acquisition effect evaluation, static correction of seismic data, denoising effect evaluation, etc. It provides methods and basis for the optimization of observation system design and quantitative evaluation of data processing effects, and has good application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of seismic exploration technology, and more specifically, to a seismic lighting method, device, electronic equipment and medium based on shot detection signal-to-noise ratio. Background Art

[0002] The application of reflection seismic methods to obtain underground geological structures and reservoir oil and gas characteristics is one of the most important means in the process of oil and gas exploration, including three sub-processes: seismic acquisition, seismic data processing and seismic interpretation. In this process, the objective observation of deep geological structures and the predictive description of reservoirs will be affected by many factors, mainly from four aspects: first, the influence of near-surface structure on wave propagation. The complex near-surface structure leads to the complexity of the wave field, which reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic acquisition data; second, under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio data, the complexity of underground structures affects the accuracy of velocity estimation and migration imaging; third, the influence of changes in reservoir oil and gas content on the accuracy of oil and gas prediction; fourth, limited economic investment, etc. These influences are largely focused on seismic acquisition work, especially the design and research of seismic acquisition observation systems. On the one hand, compared with seismic data processing and seismic interpretation, seismic acquisition has the characteristics of high cost and non-repeatability; on the other hand, the goal of observation system design and optimization is to eliminate or improve these influences and potentials in view of the complexity of seismic geological conditions, and effectively reduce the cost of seismic acquisition.

[0003] Model-based seismic illumination analysis is a key technology in the design of seismic acquisition observation system. The development of technology has generally gone through a process from simple two-dimensional horizontal layered medium model to non-uniform full three-dimensional model; from simple rays, Gaussian ray beams to one-way wave equations, full wave equation simulation; from CMP coverage times, CRP coverage times description to illumination energy description. Before the 1990s, the design of seismic acquisition observation system was generally based on assumptions such as uniform velocity field, horizontal reflection layer and symmetrical seismic rays, and seismic illumination was described by CMP coverage times. In the late 1990s, ray (beam) method and wave equation method were gradually introduced into seismic illumination analysis. Seismic illumination technology based on non-uniform full three-dimensional model of medium and parameter description based on CRP coverage times and illumination energy of target layer elements became the main methods and means for designing, evaluating and optimizing seismic acquisition observation system, and achieved certain results. For a known seismic geological model, seismic illumination provides a quantitative evaluation method and optimization basis for the observation capability of deep geological structure for a certain observation system, and is widely used in the design and optimization evaluation of seismic acquisition observation system.

[0004] The actual needs of production have promoted the development of seismic illumination technology and software. In terms of method research, in addition to the number of ray coverage, the one-way wave equation seismic illumination method, the full wave equation seismic illumination method, the Gaussian ray beam seismic illumination method, etc., meet the different needs of actual production.

[0005] In actual production applications, the use of ray illumination and description results in the lack of rigor and credibility in the design of observation systems for deep geological structures with complex structures or shallow surface excitation rock properties, and a lack of predictability in the processing of seismic data.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a seismic illumination method, device, electronic equipment and medium based on shot detection signal-to-noise ratio.

[0007] The information disclosed in the background technology section of the present invention is only intended to deepen the understanding of the general background technology of the present invention, and should not be regarded as acknowledging or suggesting in any form that the information constitutes the prior art already known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0008] The present invention proposes a seismic illumination method, device, electronic equipment and medium based on shot detection for signal-to-noise ratio, which can be applicable to seismic acquisition observation system design, acquisition effect evaluation and seismic data static correction, denoising processing effect evaluation, etc., and provides a method and basis for observation system design optimization and quantitative evaluation of data processing effects, and has good application prospects.

[0009] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a seismic illumination method based on shot detection signal-to-noise ratio, comprising:

[0010] Establish a three-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio model for gun inspection;

[0011] Determine the standard track or standard track gather;

[0012] Calculate model parameters and evaluate them based on standard traces or standard trace gathers.

[0013] Preferably, the model parameter is an average signal-to-noise ratio or a change in the ratio of gather signals after denoising to that before denoising.

[0014] Preferably, calculating the average signal-to-noise ratio comprises:

[0015] Calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio, and then calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal;

[0016] An effective reflection energy equation is established to calculate the average signal-to-noise ratio.

[0017] Preferably, the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal is calculated by formula (1):

[0018]

[0019] Among them, m is the number of coverages, S a The average amplitude of the superimposed gather signal, N is the amplitude of the noise after processing, and the noise amplitude is

[0020] Preferably, the effective reflected energy equation is:

[0021]

[0022]

[0023] S=m×Sn a (4)

[0024] Preferably, calculating the change value of the gather signal ratio after denoising and before denoising comprises:

[0025] Calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio, and then calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal;

[0026] Calculate the change in the gather signal ratio before and after denoising.

[0027] Preferably, the change in the gather signal ratio after denoising and before denoising is calculated by formula (5):

[0028]

[0029] Among them, K is the change in the signal ratio of the gathers before and after denoising, which indicates the denoising processing capability of seismic data.

[0030] As a specific implementation method of the embodiment of the present disclosure,

[0031] In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a seismic lighting device based on shot detection signal-to-noise ratio, comprising:

[0032] Modeling module, to establish a three-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio model for gun inspection;

[0033] Standard module, to determine the standard track or standard track gather;

[0034] The evaluation module calculates model parameters and performs evaluation based on standard traces or standard trace gathers.

[0035] Preferably, the model parameter is an average signal-to-noise ratio or a change in the ratio of gather signals after denoising to that before denoising.

[0036] Preferably, calculating the average signal-to-noise ratio comprises:

[0037] Calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio, and then calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal;

[0038] An effective reflection energy equation is established to calculate the average signal-to-noise ratio.

[0039] Preferably, the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal is calculated by formula (1):

[0040]

[0041] Among them, m is the number of coverages, S a The average amplitude of the superimposed gather signal, N is the amplitude of the noise after processing, and the noise amplitude is

[0042] Preferably, the effective reflected energy equation is:

[0043]

[0044]

[0045] S=m×Sn a (4)

[0046] Among them, Sn a is the average signal-to-noise ratio of the stacked gathers.

[0047] Preferably, calculating the change value of the gather signal ratio after denoising and before denoising comprises:

[0048] Calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio, and then calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal;

[0049] Calculate the change in the gather signal ratio before and after denoising.

[0050] Preferably, the change in the gather signal ratio after denoising and before denoising is calculated by formula (5):

[0051]

[0052] Among them, K is the change in the signal ratio of the gathers before and after denoising, which indicates the denoising processing capability of seismic data.

[0053] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, the electronic device comprising:

[0054] A memory storing executable instructions;

[0055] A processor runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the shot detection signal-to-noise ratio based seismic illumination method.

[0056] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the seismic illumination method based on shot detection and signal-to-noise ratio.

[0057] Its beneficial effects are:

[0058] 1. The quantitative relationship between profile quality, effective coverage times and gather signal-to-noise ratio has been established, which has a solid theoretical basis, clear physical meaning, and is more in line with the actual seismic exploration.

[0059] 2. It covers the contents of ray coverage times and energy illumination. The observation system design based on ray theory has a coverage time that is the seismic signal-to-noise ratio illumination assuming that the average signal-to-noise ratio of the gather is 1; while the energy illumination of Gaussian beam and wave equation is a seismic signal-to-noise ratio illumination assuming that the noise is 1. The method has a wider application range.

[0060] 3. The quantitative design and evaluation of the process was realized. The excitation and reception conditions were evaluated by the difference in the signal-to-noise ratio of the shot gathers, and the design of the observation system was optimized. By comparing the quantitative relationship between the signal-to-noise ratio and the profile quality and the number of effective coverage after and before single-shot denoising, the effects of static correction, denoising, etc. were evaluated, and the quantitative design and evaluation of seismic acquisition and data processing were preliminarily realized.

[0061] The methods and apparatus of the present invention have other features and advantages that will be apparent from, or will be described in detail in, the accompanying drawings and subsequent detailed descriptions incorporated herein, which together serve to explain the specific principles of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent through a more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals generally represent like components throughout the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0063] Figure 1 A flow chart showing the steps of a shot-to-signal-to-noise ratio seismic illumination method according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 2a and Figure 2b A schematic diagram showing a comparison between an NJ geological map and a 3D seismic single-shot signal-to-noise ratio according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0065] Figure 3a and Figure 3b Schematic diagrams showing a single shot comparison between an explosive source and a controllable seismic source according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown respectively.

[0066] Figure 4 A block diagram of a seismic illumination device based on shot detection signal-to-noise ratio according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0067] Description of reference numerals:

[0068] 201. Modeling module; 202. Standard module; 203. Evaluation module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0070] The present invention provides a seismic illumination method based on shot detection and signal-to-noise ratio, comprising:

[0071] Establish a three-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio model for gun inspection;

[0072] Determine the standard track or standard track gather;

[0073] Calculate model parameters and evaluate them based on standard traces or standard trace gathers.

[0074] In one example, the model parameter is an average signal-to-noise ratio or a change in the ratio of the gather signals after denoising and before denoising.

[0075] In one example, calculating the average signal-to-noise ratio includes:

[0076] Calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio, and then calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal;

[0077] The effective reflection energy equation was established and the average signal-to-noise ratio was calculated.

[0078] In one example, the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal is calculated by formula (1):

[0079]

[0080] Among them, m is the number of coverages, S a The average amplitude of the superimposed gather signal, N is the amplitude of the noise after processing, and the noise amplitude is

[0081] In one example, the effective reflected energy equation is:

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] S=m×Sn a(4)

[0085] Among them, Sn a is the average signal-to-noise ratio of the stacked gathers.

[0086] In one example, calculating the change in the gather signal ratio between the denoising and the denoising includes:

[0087] Calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio, and then calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal;

[0088] Calculate the change in the gather signal ratio before and after denoising.

[0089] In one example, the change in the gather signal ratio between before and after denoising is calculated using formula (5):

[0090]

[0091] Among them, K is the change in the signal ratio of the gathers before and after denoising, which indicates the denoising processing capability of seismic data.

[0092] Specifically, taking the seismic illumination of rays as an example, in the most ideal case, assuming that the signal S is stable and unchanged, superimposed in phase, the amplitude after superposition is mS, where m is the number of coverages. For stable random noise, N is the amplitude of the original noise. The signal-to-noise ratio after superposition is expressed in dB:

[0093]

[0094] The first term on the right side of the equation is the decibel of the signal-to-noise ratio of the original data, and the second term is the decibel increment of the signal-to-noise ratio after stacking. Original gather signal-to-noise ratio exist:

[0095]

[0096] After the seismic data is processed by denoising, surface consistency compensation and automatic gain, the signal S of the shot detection pair in the gather is stable and unchanged. The change of signal-to-noise ratio is the change of the amplitude of signal S. The amplitude after the gather is stacked is mS a , m is the number of coverages, S a The average amplitude of the stacked gather signal, the noise is a stationary random noise, N is the amplitude of the processed noise, and the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal is expressed in dB as formula (1).

[0097] If S a The amplitude ratio relative to the standard signal S is K, then:

[0098]

[0099] Among them, the change of the signal ratio of the gather after denoising and before denoising is formula (5), and the third term on the right side of formula (8) is the decibel increment of the profile signal-to-noise ratio after denoising. The signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic profile depends on the signal-to-noise ratio of a single shot, the number of effective coverage times, and the ability of seismic data denoising. Normalizing the effective reflection or noise of the gather does not change the signal-to-noise ratio of the gather. Without loss of generality, the energy of N after normalization is equal and equal to 1, and the noise energy of the gather after superposition is:

[0100]

[0101] The effective reflection energy equation is formula (2), and the signal-to-noise ratio Sn of the stacked gather or profile is p have:

[0102]

[0103] From the above formulas and discussions, it can be seen that the coverage number of the observation system design based on ray theory is the seismic signal-to-noise ratio illumination assuming that the average signal-to-noise ratio of the gather is 1; while the Gaussian beam and wave equation energy illumination are seismic signal-to-noise ratio illumination assuming that the noise energy is 1. Ray coverage number and energy illumination are special forms of signal-to-noise ratio illumination. Coverage number and energy illumination are still a quantitative description of seismic illumination, and they are different attribute parameters in the design and evaluation of seismic acquisition observation systems from signal-to-noise ratio illumination, and the coverage number is the basic condition for the realization of energy illumination and signal-to-noise ratio illumination. The advantage of seismic signal-to-noise ratio illumination is that the signal-to-noise ratio of actual data is used to measure the seismic acquisition effect and data processing capability, which makes up for the shortcomings of coverage number and energy illumination method.

[0104] Establish a three-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio model for shot-to-check pairs; the signal-to-noise ratio values ​​of shot-to-check pairs-offset distances of seismic single-shot records of different lithologies corresponding to the geological model. It includes two categories: before and after denoising. The signal-to-noise ratio of single-shot records after denoising reflects the basic ability of seismic data processing under current technical conditions; the signal-to-noise ratio of shot-to-check pairs-offset distances before denoising summarizes the influence of excitation factors, receiving factors and offset distance size (attenuation). In actual production, the influence of excitation on the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data is greater than that of reception. The signal-to-noise ratio of single-shot seismic records after denoising can be used instead of the signal-to-noise ratio of stacked gathers to dynamically monitor the quality of seismic acquisition and evaluate the effect of seismic acquisition, which is conducive to the real-time optimization of acquisition parameters. Establish a three-dimensional model of the signal-to-noise ratio of shot-to-check pairs, which is mainly used in observation system design. Comparative analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio model before and after denoising is used to evaluate the effect of static correction or denoising.

[0105] Determine the standard channel or standard channel gather and obtain the accurate signal-to-noise ratio value of the evaluation channel gather, which is the important basis for seismic signal-to-noise ratio illumination; theoretically, the standard channel is required to be noise-free. If there is sonic logging data, synthetic records or single shots are used as standard channels or standard channel gathers. If there is no sonic logging data, seismic records or seismic stacked channels with high regional signal-to-noise ratio after denoising are used as standard channel gathers or standard channels.

[0106] Then, the model parameters are calculated and evaluated according to the standard trace or standard gather. There are different applications for different purposes. Applied to the evaluation and optimization of the observation system: according to the three-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio model, the average signal-to-noise ratio of the bin is calculated; the signal-to-noise ratio of the imaging gather before and after denoising of the proposed observation system is calculated, and the relationship between the trace spacing and the K value and the number of coverages and the signal-to-noise ratio of the gather is statistically analyzed; according to theoretical calculations or actual needs, the threshold range of the gather signal-to-noise ratio is selected, such as 8 to 10; for the low signal-to-noise ratio (<8) illumination area, the receiving trace spacing is reduced or the receiving lines or shot points are encrypted to increase the decibel number of the profile signal-to-noise ratio after denoising and increasing the number of effective coverages. Usually, when the K value changes significantly, the method of reducing the receiving trace spacing is adopted, and vice versa, the method of increasing the number of coverages is adopted. For the high signal-to-noise ratio (>10) seismic illumination area, measures such as appropriately increasing the excitation line spacing to reduce the number of coverages or reducing the excitation well depth and charge, and reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of single shot records can be taken to reduce the cost of seismic exploration. Evaluate the excitation / receiving conditions and calculate the average signal-to-noise ratio or K value of the shot gather. Evaluate the effect of static correction or denoising, calculate the average signal-to-noise ratio or K value of the gathers before and after processing, etc.

[0107] The present invention also provides a seismic lighting device based on shot detection signal-to-noise ratio, comprising:

[0108] Modeling module, to establish a three-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio model for gun inspection;

[0109] Standard module, to determine the standard track or standard track gather;

[0110] The evaluation module calculates model parameters and performs evaluation based on standard traces or standard trace gathers.

[0111] In one example, the model parameter is an average signal-to-noise ratio or a change in the ratio of the gather signals after denoising and before denoising.

[0112] In one example, calculating the average signal-to-noise ratio includes:

[0113] Calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio, and then calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal;

[0114] The effective reflection energy equation was established and the average signal-to-noise ratio was calculated.

[0115] In one example, the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal is calculated by formula (1):

[0116]

[0117] Among them, m is the number of coverages, S a The average amplitude of the superimposed gather signal, N is the amplitude of the noise after processing, and the noise amplitude is

[0118] In one example, the effective reflected energy equation is:

[0119]

[0120]

[0121] S=m×Sn a (4)

[0122] Among them, Sn a is the average signal-to-noise ratio of the stacked gathers.

[0123] In one example, calculating the change in the gather signal ratio between before and after denoising includes:

[0124] Calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio, and then calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal;

[0125] Calculate the change in the gather signal ratio before and after denoising.

[0126] In one example, the change in the signal ratio between the gathers before and after denoising is calculated using formula (5):

[0127]

[0128] Among them, K is the change in the signal ratio of the gathers before and after denoising, which indicates the denoising processing capability of seismic data.

[0129] Specifically, taking the seismic illumination of rays as an example, in the most ideal case, assuming that the signal S is stable and unchanged, and is superimposed in phase, the amplitude after superposition is mS, where m is the number of coverage times. For stable random noise, N is the amplitude of the original noise. The signal-to-noise ratio after superposition is expressed in dB as formula (6). The first term on the right side of the equation is the decibel number of the signal-to-noise ratio of the original data, and the second term is the decibel increment of the signal-to-noise ratio after superposition. Coverage times m and profile signal-to-noise ratio Original gather signal-to-noise ratio There exists formula (7).

[0130] After the seismic data is processed by denoising, surface consistency compensation and automatic gain, the signal S of the shot detection pair in the gather is stable and unchanged. The change of signal-to-noise ratio is the change of the amplitude of signal S. The amplitude after the gather is stacked is mS a , m is the number of coverages, S aThe average amplitude of the stacked gather signal, the noise is a stationary random noise, N is the amplitude of the processed noise, and the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal is expressed in dB as formula (1).

[0131] If S a The amplitude ratio relative to the standard signal S is K, then there is formula (8), where the change in the signal ratio of the gather after denoising and before denoising is formula (5), and the third term on the right side of formula (8) is the decibel increase in the signal-to-noise ratio of the profile after denoising. The signal-to-noise ratio of a seismic profile depends on the signal-to-noise ratio of a single shot, the number of effective coverage times, and the ability of seismic data denoising. Normalizing the effective reflection or noise of the gather does not change the signal-to-noise ratio of the gather. Without loss of generality, the energy of N after normalization is equal and equal to 1, and the noise energy of the gather after stacking is formula (9). Then the effective reflection energy equation is formula (2), and the signal-to-noise ratio Sn of the stacked gather or profile is p There is formula (10).

[0132] From the above formulas and discussions, it can be seen that the coverage number of the observation system design based on ray theory is the seismic signal-to-noise ratio illumination assuming that the average signal-to-noise ratio of the gather is 1; while the Gaussian beam and wave equation energy illumination are seismic signal-to-noise ratio illumination assuming that the noise energy is 1. Ray coverage number and energy illumination are special forms of signal-to-noise ratio illumination. Coverage number and energy illumination are still a quantitative description of seismic illumination, and they are different attribute parameters in the design and evaluation of seismic acquisition observation systems from signal-to-noise ratio illumination, and the coverage number is the basic condition for the realization of energy illumination and signal-to-noise ratio illumination. The advantage of seismic signal-to-noise ratio illumination is that the signal-to-noise ratio of actual data is used to measure the seismic acquisition effect and data processing capability, which makes up for the shortcomings of coverage number and energy illumination method.

[0133] Establish a three-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio model for shot-to-check pairs; the signal-to-noise ratio values ​​of shot-to-check pairs-offset distances of seismic single-shot records of different lithologies corresponding to the geological model. It includes two categories: before and after denoising. The signal-to-noise ratio of single-shot records after denoising reflects the basic ability of seismic data processing under current technical conditions; the signal-to-noise ratio of shot-to-check pairs-offset distances before denoising summarizes the influence of excitation factors, receiving factors and offset distance size (attenuation). In actual production, the influence of excitation on the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data is greater than that of reception. The signal-to-noise ratio of single-shot seismic records after denoising can be used instead of the signal-to-noise ratio of stacked gathers to dynamically monitor the quality of seismic acquisition and evaluate the effect of seismic acquisition, which is conducive to the real-time optimization of acquisition parameters. Establish a three-dimensional model of the signal-to-noise ratio of shot-to-check pairs, which is mainly used in observation system design. Comparative analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio model before and after denoising is used to evaluate the effect of static correction or denoising.

[0134] Determine the standard channel or standard channel gather and obtain the accurate signal-to-noise ratio value of the evaluation channel gather, which is the important basis for seismic signal-to-noise ratio illumination; theoretically, the standard channel is required to be noise-free. If there is sonic logging data, synthetic records or single shots are used as standard channels or standard channel gathers. If there is no sonic logging data, seismic records or seismic stacked channels with high regional signal-to-noise ratio after denoising are used as standard channel gathers or standard channels.

[0135] Then, the model parameters are calculated and evaluated according to the standard trace or standard gather. There are different applications for different purposes. Applied to the evaluation and optimization of the observation system: according to the three-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio model, the average signal-to-noise ratio of the bin is calculated; the signal-to-noise ratio of the imaging gather before and after denoising of the proposed observation system is calculated, and the relationship between the trace spacing and the K value and the number of coverages and the signal-to-noise ratio of the gather is statistically analyzed; according to theoretical calculations or actual needs, the threshold range of the gather signal-to-noise ratio is selected, such as 8 to 10; for the low signal-to-noise ratio (<8) illumination area, the receiving trace spacing is reduced or the receiving lines or shot points are encrypted to increase the decibel number of the profile signal-to-noise ratio after denoising and increasing the number of effective coverages. Usually, when the K value changes significantly, the method of reducing the receiving trace spacing is adopted, and vice versa, the method of increasing the number of coverages is adopted. For the high signal-to-noise ratio (>10) seismic illumination area, measures such as appropriately increasing the excitation line spacing to reduce the number of coverages or reducing the excitation well depth and charge, and reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of single shot records can be taken to reduce the cost of seismic exploration. Evaluate the excitation / receiving conditions and calculate the average signal-to-noise ratio or K value of the shot gather. Evaluate the effect of static correction or denoising, calculate the average signal-to-noise ratio or K value of the gathers before and after processing, etc.

[0136] The present invention also provides an electronic device, which includes: a memory storing executable instructions; a processor running the executable instructions in the memory to implement the above-mentioned seismic illumination method based on shot detection and signal-to-noise ratio.

[0137] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned seismic illumination method based on shot detection versus signal-to-noise ratio.

[0138] To facilitate understanding of the solutions and effects of the embodiments of the present invention, four specific application examples are given below. Those skilled in the art should understand that the examples are only for facilitating understanding of the present invention, and any specific details thereof are not intended to limit the present invention in any way.

[0139] Example 1

[0140] Figure 1 A flow chart showing the steps of a shot-to-signal-to-noise ratio seismic illumination method according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0141] like Figure 1As shown, the shot-detection pair-based signal-to-noise ratio seismic illumination method includes: step 101, establishing a shot-detection pair three-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio model; step 102, determining a standard track or a standard track gather; step 103, calculating model parameters based on the standard track or the standard track gather and evaluating them.

[0142] Figure 2a and Figure 2b A schematic diagram showing a comparison between an NJ geological map and a 3D seismic single-shot signal-to-noise ratio according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0143] Basic parameters of seismic acquisition: receiving parameters, detector Dz10Hz×12, 6 series and 2 parallel, linear combination along the survey line, 2 meters spacing within the group; excitation parameters, Triassic (T) limestone, dolomite, marl and other lithologies, 20m×16Kg×1; Lower Jurassic (J3) mudstone, Middle Jurassic (J1) quartz sandstone and Cretaceous (K) sandstone mudstone formation, 18m×12Kg×1. The calculation method of the shot gathering signal-to-noise ratio is the ratio of the average amplitude value after bandpass filtering (10, 15, 60, 65) filtering and the average amplitude value after low-pass filtering (10, 15) filtering at the target layer time 2000-4500ms. The overall distribution of the gun gathering signal-to-noise ratio is basically consistent with the distribution of regional lithology. The signal-to-noise ratio of the gun gathering excited by limestone, dolomite, marl and quartz sandstone is relatively low, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the gun gathering excited by mudstone is relatively high. The excited lithology is the main factor affecting the signal-to-noise ratio of the gun gathering data. In the NJ county town in the middle of the work area and along the provincial road, the gun gathering signal-to-noise ratio has been significantly improved by increasing the well depth and reducing the amount of explosives, and the excitation parameters have the potential for further optimization.

[0144] from Figure 2a , Figure 2b It can be seen that the distribution law of the signal-to-noise ratio of the shot gather is basically consistent with the distribution of regional lithology, and the stimulated lithology is the main factor affecting the signal-to-noise ratio of the shot gather data.

[0145] Figure 3a and Figure 3b Schematic diagrams showing a single shot comparison between an explosive source and a controllable seismic source according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown respectively.

[0146] A single shot comparison between explosive sources and controllable seismic sources in a certain three-dimensional work area shows that the signal-to-noise ratio of the exploration target layer is: 1.15 for explosives, 0.78 for controllable seismic sources, and the signal-to-noise ratio is 1.47. The high-density three-dimensional pilot test uses a 12.5m×12.5m face element, explosive source excitation, and PSDM processing. For the strong reflection of the medium-deep target layer, when the coverage number is greater than 264 times, the improvement of the profile signal-to-noise ratio is not obvious; while for the weak reflection of the target layer, the coverage number reaches 396 times, and the signal-to-noise ratio is significantly improved. The conclusion of the three-dimensional acquisition test of controllable seismic sources in the same area is that the coverage times of the same target layer are 540 times and greater than 900 times, respectively. The ratio of the theoretical coverage times of the two is 2.05-2.27, which is close to the square of the signal-to-noise ratio ratio of explosive sources to controllable seismic sources, 1.47. The actual production acquisition coverage times of controllable seismic sources are about three times that of explosive sources, and good exploration results have been achieved, such as Figure 3a , Figure 3b shown.

[0147] Example 2

[0148] Figure 4 A block diagram of a seismic illumination device based on shot detection signal-to-noise ratio according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0149] like Figure 4 As shown, the seismic lighting device based on the signal-to-noise ratio of shot detection comprises:

[0150] Modeling module 201, establishing a three-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio model of the gun inspection pair;

[0151] Standard module 202, determining a standard track or a standard track gather;

[0152] The evaluation module 203 calculates model parameters and performs evaluation based on standard traces or standard trace gathers.

[0153] As an optional solution, the model parameter is an average signal-to-noise ratio or a change in the ratio of the gather signals before and after denoising.

[0154] Alternatively, calculating the average signal-to-noise ratio includes:

[0155] Calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio, and then calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal;

[0156] The effective reflection energy equation was established and the average signal-to-noise ratio was calculated.

[0157] As an alternative, the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal is calculated using formula (1):

[0158]

[0159] Among them, m is the number of coverages, S aThe average amplitude of the superimposed gather signal, N is the amplitude of the noise after processing, and the noise amplitude is

[0160] As an alternative, the effective reflected energy equation is:

[0161]

[0162]

[0163] S=m×Sn a (4)

[0164] Among them, Sn a is the average signal-to-noise ratio of the stacked gathers.

[0165] As an optional solution, the change in the gather signal ratio between before and after denoising is calculated by:

[0166] Calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio, and then calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal;

[0167] Calculate the change in the gather signal ratio before and after denoising.

[0168] As an optional solution, the change in the signal ratio between the gathers before and after denoising is calculated using formula (5):

[0169]

[0170] Among them, K is the change in the signal ratio of the gathers before and after denoising, which indicates the denoising processing capability of seismic data.

[0171] Example 3

[0172] The present disclosure provides an electronic device, which includes: a memory storing executable instructions; a processor running the executable instructions in the memory to implement the above-mentioned seismic illumination method based on shot detection and signal-to-noise ratio.

[0173] An electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a processor.

[0174] The memory is used to store non-temporary computer-readable instructions. Specifically, the memory may include one or more computer program products, which may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may, for example, include random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory (cache), etc. The non-volatile memory may, for example, include read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc.

[0175] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other forms of processing units having data processing capabilities and / or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the processor is used to run the computer-readable instructions stored in the memory.

[0176] Those skilled in the art should be able to understand that in order to solve the technical problem of how to obtain a good user experience, the present embodiment may also include well-known structures such as a communication bus and an interface, and these well-known structures should also be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0177] For detailed description of this embodiment, reference may be made to the corresponding descriptions in the aforementioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0178] Example 4

[0179] The embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the seismic illumination method based on shot detection and signal-to-noise ratio is implemented.

[0180] According to the computer-readable storage medium of the embodiment of the present disclosure, non-transitory computer-readable instructions are stored thereon. When the non-transitory computer-readable instructions are executed by a processor, all or part of the steps of the method of each embodiment of the present disclosure are executed.

[0181] The above-mentioned computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to: optical storage media (e.g., CD-ROM and DVD), magneto-optical storage media (e.g., MO), magnetic storage media (e.g., magnetic tape or mobile hard disk), media with built-in rewritable non-volatile memory (e.g., memory card) and media with built-in ROM (e.g., ROM box).

[0182] Those skilled in the art should understand that the purpose of the above description of the embodiments of the present invention is only to exemplarily illustrate the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention to any given examples.

[0183] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A seismic illumination method based on shot detection signal-to-noise ratio, characterized in that: include: Establish a three-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio model for gun inspection; Determine the standard track or standard track gather; Calculate model parameters and evaluate them based on standard traces or standard trace gathers; The model parameters are the average signal-to-noise ratio or the change in the ratio of the gather signals after denoising to before denoising. Wherein, calculating the average signal-to-noise ratio comprises: Calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio, and then calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal; Establishing an effective reflection energy equation and calculating the average signal-to-noise ratio; The calculation of the change value of the gather signal ratio after denoising and before denoising includes: Calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio, and then calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal; Calculate the change in the gather signal ratio before and after denoising.

2. The method for seismic illumination based on shot detection versus signal-to-noise ratio according to claim 1, wherein: The post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal is calculated by formula (1): Among them, m is the number of coverages, S a The average amplitude of the superimposed gather signal, N is the amplitude of the noise after processing, and the noise amplitude is 3. The method for seismic illumination based on shot detection versus signal-to-noise ratio according to claim 1, wherein: The effective reflected energy equation is: S=m×Sn a (4) Among them, Sn a is the average signal-to-noise ratio of the stacked gathers.

4. The method for seismic illumination based on shot detection versus signal-to-noise ratio according to claim 3, wherein: The change in the signal ratio between the gathers before and after denoising is calculated using formula (3): Among them, K is the change in the signal ratio of the gathers before and after denoising, which indicates the denoising processing capability of seismic data.

5. A seismic lighting device based on shot detection signal-to-noise ratio, characterized in that: include: Modeling module, to establish a three-dimensional signal-to-noise ratio model for gun inspection; Standard module, to determine the standard track or standard track gather; Evaluation module, which calculates model parameters and evaluates them based on standard traces or standard trace gathers; The model parameters are the average signal-to-noise ratio or the change in the ratio of the gather signals after denoising to before denoising. Wherein, calculating the average signal-to-noise ratio comprises: Calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio, and then calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal; Establishing an effective reflection energy equation and calculating the average signal-to-noise ratio; The calculation of the change value of the gather signal ratio after denoising and before denoising includes: Calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio, and then calculate the post-stack signal-to-noise ratio of the average amplitude of the stacked gather signal; Calculate the change in the gather signal ratio before and after denoising.

6. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises: A memory storing executable instructions; A processor, wherein the processor runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the shot detection signal-to-noise ratio based seismic illumination method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the seismic illumination method based on shot detection signal-to-noise ratio according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is implemented.

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