Voltage regulating device and rechargeable battery having the same

Abstract

The present invention relates to a rechargeable battery, which comprises: an outer surface of the battery, which is substantially defined by: a shell; a positive terminal; and a negative terminal; wherein the shell comprises: a rechargeable power source; a programmable controller; and a voltage regulating device, which is operably connected to the positive terminal, the negative terminal and the power source; wherein the voltage regulating device comprises: a voltage boost regulator; and at least one voltage sensor, which is configured to apply an input voltage to the positive terminal and the negative terminal, and is configured to forward information of the input voltage to the programmable controller; wherein the programmable controller is configured to selectively activate the voltage boost regulator to regulate the input voltage for charging the power source.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the Chinese invention patent application with the application date of September 8, 2016, application number 201680065017.2, and invention name “Battery with voltage regulating device”. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to a battery, preferably a rechargeable battery, comprising a voltage regulating device adapted to provide at least a regulated output voltage. Background Art

[0003] Almost every household in the world needs to use batteries. It is believed that a total of 350 AA batteries and 150 AAA batteries are sold every second of every day. The main types of household batteries that can be purchased are alkaline batteries, lithium batteries, nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries and nickel cadmium (NiCD) batteries. There are non-rechargeable primary batteries and secondary batteries that can be recharged using different forms of power sources.

[0004] Alkaline primary battery (non-rechargeable)

[0005] Alkaline batteries are a type of "primary battery" that depends on the reaction between zinc and manganese dioxide (Zn / MnO2).

[0006] Alkaline batteries are relatively low cost and have a long shelf life. In addition, they perform well in low power devices such as wall clocks and TV remote controls. However, these types of batteries are non-rechargeable / single use batteries that need to be disposed of more frequently and therefore can be harmful to the environment in terms of pollution. In addition, these types of batteries are not very effective in high power devices. All non-rechargeable / single use alkaline batteries will reduce their output voltage when the load is too light, and therefore products / devices such as flashlights / flashlights and cameras quickly lose performance.

[0007] Lithium primary battery (non-rechargeable)

[0008] Lithium batteries are non-reusable (primary) batteries that use lithium metal or lithium compounds as the anode.

[0009] These types of batteries are particularly useful for high current devices. However, similar to alkaline batteries, these batteries are also non-rechargeable / single-use batteries that need to be disposed of more frequently and can therefore be harmful to the environment in terms of pollution. In addition, in terms of cost, these types of batteries are relatively expensive for non-rechargeable / single-use batteries.

[0010] NiMH / NiCd secondary battery (rechargeable)

[0011] The nickel metal hydride battery, abbreviated as NiMH or Ni-MH, is a rechargeable battery that uses hydrogen as the active element at the hydrogen-absorbing negative electrode (anode). Similarly, the nickel cadmium battery (NiCd battery or NiCad battery) is a rechargeable battery that uses nickel oxide hydroxide and metallic cadmium as electrodes.

[0012] These types of batteries are rechargeable and can therefore be used over and over again, saving money after multiple uses. However, these types of batteries have a lower output voltage (1.2V) than non-rechargeable / single-use batteries and are therefore not suitable for all types of products / devices. In addition, some known batteries have a self-discharge rate. These types of ordinary rechargeable batteries will also reduce their output voltage when the load is too light. Although different brands of batteries have different output voltage reductions, regardless of the type or brand of battery used, overall devices / products such as flashlights and cameras lose performance relatively quickly.

[0013] There are some rechargeable batteries available on the market that have a built-in voltage regulator that does not allow the output voltage to drop when the load is too light and allows a constant 1.5V output. While this may seem advantageous, it may burn out many LEDs and incandescent flashlights because the bulbs are often manufactured under the assumption that the voltage will drop when the current load is too light. In addition, these types of rechargeable batteries require special / custom chargers.

[0014] With common batteries (1.5V primary alkaline, 1.5V primary lithium, and 1.2V rechargeable NiMH), the voltage will drop slightly when the load is too light, even when the battery is new and fully charged. Some electronic devices are designed to take this into account, such as many flashlights, in which the bulb voltage is not rated at 1.5V, but at a slightly lower voltage, such as 1.4V.

[0015] A fixed 1.5V output will damage the electronics in some cases. Some electronic devices are built with the assumption that they will be using a common 1.5V disposable (primary) battery or a 1.2V rechargeable (secondary) battery. These batteries drop their output voltage very quickly when the load is too light.

[0016] For example, flashlight bulbs, both LED and incandescent, are not typically manufactured to operate at a full 1.5 V DC (or multiples of 1.5 V if multiple batteries are used), but rather between 1.2 V and 1.4 V. Using fixed 1.5 V DC batteries will burn out some flashlight bulbs.

[0017] The main technical difficulty is to design electronics to provide intelligent regulation of output voltage and also sense the connection to the battery charger and regulate the input voltage to allow the internal battery cell (cell) (power source) to charge. It is not generally known or easy to have electronics inside the battery. In addition, it is generally unknown or not easy to regulate the voltage output in the battery or include circuits inside the battery. Since the operation of the battery in the device is functionally limited by size and shape, it is generally difficult to assemble additional electronic components in the battery without changing the size and shape of the battery while also providing the battery with high power capacity, that is, without reducing the size of the power source in the battery. It is generally difficult to add electronics to the battery while reducing the risk of the electronics drawing power from the battery. Moreover, it is generally unknown to control the charging of the battery to allow recharging using multiple recharging devices without requiring additional removable or movable parts or special adapters / connectors to recharge the battery. There may also be technical difficulties in optimizing and miniaturizing the electronics so that it can fit into smaller batteries (such as AA and AAA batteries) without taking up too much space. The more space the electronics take up, the less space there is for a power source (such as a lithium-ion battery cell) and therefore the lower the battery capacity.

[0018] US 8,314,590 and US 7,633,261 B2 both disclose batteries with fixed voltage outputs. However, they do not disclose any batteries that provide or can provide intelligent variable outputs.

[0019] US 8,314,590 discloses a battery that requires a USB connection for charging. Similarly, CN201174405 discloses a battery that requires a specific dedicated battery charger. In addition, these documents do not disclose a battery that can provide an intelligent variable output.

[0020] There is a need for a battery that operates by regulating a power source (such as a 3.7V internal lithium-ion battery cell) with microelectronics to provide a suitable voltage output so that the user's device / product using the battery will have continued high performance (and in the case of a rechargeable battery, continued high performance until the battery needs to be recharged). In addition, as mentioned above, if the output voltage of the battery is not regulated, but set to a constant 1.5V, then the product / device such as a flashlight may burn out, so there is also a need for a battery that allows the output voltage to be adjusted within a certain range, most preferably between 1.25V and 1.5V, thereby eliminating or at least reducing the chance of product / device such as a flashlight burning out. In addition, in one option, there is a need for a battery with electronics that regulate the input charging voltage so that the battery can be charged using existing NiMH / NiCd battery chargers.

[0021] Purpose of the invention

[0022] It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved battery which will obviate or minimise some or all of the above disadvantages in a simple and effective manner or which will at least provide the public with a useful choice.

[0023] Existing reference documents

[0024] All references cited in this specification, including any patent or patent application, are incorporated herein by reference. No admission is made that any reference constitutes prior art. The discussion of the references states what the authors of those references assert, and the applicant reserves the right to challenge the accuracy and relevance of the references. It will be clearly understood that although a number of prior art publications may be cited herein; however, this reference does not constitute an admission that any of those documents form part of the common general knowledge in the art in New Zealand or any other country.

[0025] definition

[0026] It is understood that the term "comprise" can be considered to have an exclusive meaning or an inclusive meaning in different scopes. For the purpose of this specification, unless otherwise specified, the term "comprises" shall have an inclusive meaning, that is, it will be considered to mean not only including the listed components it directly references, but also other non-specified components or elements. This basic principle will also be used when the terms "comprised" or "comprising" are used with respect to one or more steps in an apparatus and / or method or process.

[0027] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the term "battery" refers to a container or product that includes an internal chemical energy source. For example, the container or product may be AA, AAA, C, D, or any other size and style.

[0028] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the term "power source" refers to a power source for a battery including one or more battery cells, wherein chemical energy is converted into electrical power. For example, a lithium-ion battery cell, a NiMH battery cell, a NiCd battery cell, a ZN / MNO2 battery cell, or other such chemical power sources. The power source may optionally be rechargeable.

[0029] Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "lithium-ion battery cell" is intended to refer to an internal lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cell as one exemplary form of battery power source. Summary of the invention

[0030] In a first aspect, the present invention is a battery comprising:

[0031] Positive terminal;

[0032] Negative terminal;

[0033] Power supply; and

[0034] a voltage regulating device operably connected to the positive terminal, the negative terminal and a power source,

[0035] Therein, the voltage regulating device includes electronic components that are operably connected to each other to regulate the output voltage at a programmable variable level.

[0036] Preferably, the battery is a rechargeable battery having a rechargeable power source.

[0037] Preferably, the power source is a lithium-ion battery cell.

[0038] Preferably, the power supply provides power to the voltage regulating device via one or more conductors.

[0039] Preferably, the lithium ion battery cells are between 2.8 and 3.7 volts.

[0040] Preferably, the voltage regulating device includes a programmable controller operably connected to the positive terminal, the negative terminal, the power supply, and one or more of the other electronic components of the voltage regulating device to send and receive input and output signals to sense the output voltage and regulate the output voltage at a programmed variable level.

[0041] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises at least one regulator operatively connected to the programmable controller and adapted to be activated by the programmable controller at a preset battery output level so as to regulate the output voltage.

[0042] Preferably, the power supply is rechargeable and the voltage regulating device includes at least one voltage sensor configured to determine an input voltage for charging the power supply, the at least one voltage sensor being operably connected to a programmable controller adapted to receive at least one input signal from the at least one voltage sensor to regulate the input voltage.

[0043] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises at least one voltage sensor configured to determine voltage level information of the power supply and feed the voltage level information to the programmable controller.

[0044] Preferably, the programmable controller is programmed to provide a lower output voltage if the supply voltage has dropped to a predetermined level.

[0045] Preferably, the voltage regulating device includes at least one current sensor configured to determine the output current of the power supply, the at least one current sensor being operably connected to a programmable controller adapted to receive at least one input signal from the at least one current sensor and to regulate the output voltage at a programmed variable level according to the output current.

[0046] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises at least one current sensor adapted to detect connection to a battery charger, the at least one current sensor being operatively connected to the programmable controller.

[0047] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises at least one current sensor operably connected to the programmable controller, the at least one current sensor being adapted to detect two or more of: i) current drawn by the user product / device during use; ii) current used by the rechargeable power supply during discharge; to iii) current drawn from the power supply; and iv) if the power supply is rechargeable, current used to charge the power supply.

[0048] Preferably, the power source is rechargeable and the voltage regulating device comprises at least one charger sensor adapted to determine connection to a battery charger by detecting voltage from the battery charger, the at least one charger sensor being operably connected to the programmable controller.

[0049] Preferably, the power supply is rechargeable and the voltage regulating device comprises at least one charger sensor adapted to detect a voltage of a battery charger as voltage level information and feed the voltage level information to the programmable controller so as to regulate the voltage of the detected battery charger for charging the power supply.

[0050] Preferably, the power supply is rechargeable and the voltage regulating device includes at least one charger sensor adapted to detect voltage level information from a battery charger and feed the voltage level information to a programmable controller so as to regulate the output voltage at a programmed variable level according to the output current.

[0051] Preferably, the power source is rechargeable and the voltage regulating device includes a voltage boost regulator operably connected to a programmable controller, the programmable controller being adapted to receive at least one input signal from the voltage boost regulator to allow the voltage boost regulator to increase the voltage supplied from the battery charger to a higher voltage to charge the power source.

[0052] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises a voltage buck regulator operably connected to a programmable controller, the programmable controller being adapted to receive at least one input signal from the voltage buck regulator to allow the voltage buck regulator to convert a voltage supplied by the power source to an output voltage of the battery.

[0053] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises: wherein the voltage regulating device comprises a noise suppression circuit operatively connected to a programmable controller, the programmable controller being adapted to receive at least one input signal for noise suppression from the noise suppression circuit.

[0054] Preferably, the battery comprises a voltage level indicator for providing an indication of the voltage level of the power supply.

[0055] Preferably, the programmable controller is programmed to monitor the current and / or voltage level of the power supply based on the input signal and the output signal, and the programmable controller is operably connected to the voltage level indicator to provide an indication when the battery is nearing the end of discharge.

[0056] Preferably, the battery comprises a housing adapted to accommodate at least the power source and the voltage regulating means.

[0057] Preferably, the battery is a AA battery or a AAA battery.

[0058] Preferably, the regulated output voltage is in the range between 1.2V and 1.5V.

[0059] Preferably, the regulated output voltage is in the range between 1.25V to 1.5V.

[0060] In a second aspect, the invention consists in a voltage regulating device for regulating at least the output voltage of a battery at a programmable variable level, the voltage regulating device comprising:

[0061] a current sensing circuit adapted to sense an output current of a power source of a battery; and

[0062] A programmable controller is adapted to receive at least one input signal from the current sensing circuit and to regulate the output voltage at a programmably variable level based on the output current.

[0063] Preferably, the power source is a rechargeable power source.

[0064] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises at least one regulator operatively connected to the programmable controller and adapted to be activated by the programmable controller at a preset battery output level so as to regulate the output voltage.

[0065] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises at least one voltage sensor configured to determine an input voltage for charging the power source, the at least one voltage sensor being operably connected to a programmable controller adapted to receive at least one input signal from the at least one voltage sensor to regulate the input voltage.

[0066] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises at least one voltage sensor configured to determine voltage level information of the power supply and feed the voltage level information to the programmable controller.

[0067] Preferably, the programmable controller is programmed to provide a lower output voltage when the supply voltage has dropped to a predetermined level.

[0068] Preferably, the power source is rechargeable and the current sensing circuit is adapted for connection to a battery charger, the at least one current sensor being operably connected to the programmable controller.

[0069] Preferably, the current sensing circuit is adapted to detect at least two of the following: i) the current drawn by the user product / device during use; ii) the current used by the power supply during discharge; iii) the current drawn from the power supply; iv) if the power supply is rechargeable, the current used to charge the power supply.

[0070] Preferably, the power source is rechargeable and the voltage regulating device comprises at least one charger sensor adapted to determine connection to a battery charger by detecting voltage from the battery charger, the at least one charger sensor being operably connected to the programmable controller.

[0071] Preferably, the power supply is rechargeable and the voltage regulating device comprises at least one charger sensor adapted to detect a voltage of a battery charger as voltage level information and feed the voltage level information to the programmable controller so as to regulate the voltage of the detected battery charger for charging the rechargeable power supply.

[0072] Preferably, the power source is rechargeable and the voltage regulating device includes at least one charger sensor adapted to detect voltage level information from a battery charger and send the voltage level information to a programmable controller for regulating the output voltage at a programmed variable level according to the output current.

[0073] Preferably, the power source is rechargeable and the voltage regulating device includes a voltage boost regulator operably connected to a programmable controller, the programmable controller being adapted to receive at least one input signal from the voltage boost regulator to allow the voltage boost regulator to increase the voltage supplied from the battery charger to a higher voltage to charge the power source.

[0074] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises a voltage buck regulator operatively connected to a programmable controller, the programmable controller being adapted to receive at least one input signal from the voltage buck regulator to allow the voltage buck regulator to convert a voltage supplied by the power source to an output voltage of the battery.

[0075] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises: wherein the voltage regulating device comprises a noise suppression circuit operatively connected to a programmable controller, the programmable controller being adapted to receive at least one input signal for noise suppression from the noise suppression circuit.

[0076] Preferably, the programmable controller is programmed to monitor the current and / or voltage level of the power supply based on the input signal and the output signal, and the programmable controller is operably connected to the voltage level indicator to provide an indication when the battery is nearing the end of discharge.

[0077] In a third aspect, the present invention is a battery comprising:

[0078] Positive terminal;

[0079] Negative terminal;

[0080] Power supply; and

[0081] a voltage regulating device operably connected to the positive terminal, the negative terminal and a power source,

[0082] Therein, the voltage regulating device is suitable for regulating the output voltage at a programmable variable level.

[0083] Preferably, the power source is a rechargeable power source.

[0084] Preferably, the power source is a lithium-ion battery cell.

[0085] Preferably, the power supply provides power to the voltage regulating device via one or more conductors.

[0086] Preferably, the lithium-ion battery cell is between 2.8V and 3.7V.

[0087] Preferably, the voltage regulating device is adapted to sense and regulate an input voltage for charging the power source.

[0088] Preferably, the voltage regulating device is adapted to sense the output current and to adjust the output voltage in dependence on the output current.

[0089] Preferably, when the battery is a rechargeable battery, the voltage regulating device is adapted to sense connection to a battery charger.

[0090] Preferably, the battery is a rechargeable battery and the voltage regulating device is adapted to sense connection to a battery charger and detect the voltage of the battery charger so as to regulate the voltage of the detected battery charger for charging the rechargeable power source.

[0091] Preferably, the battery comprises a housing adapted to accommodate at least the power source and the voltage regulating means.

[0092] Preferably, the battery is a AA battery or a AAA battery.

[0093] Preferably, the regulated output voltage is in the range between 1.2V and 1.5V, more preferably between 1.25V and 1.5V.

[0094] Preferably, the voltage regulating device is adapted to monitor the current and / or voltage level of the power supply and provide an indication to a user when the battery is approaching the end of discharge.

[0095] Preferably, the battery comprises a voltage level indicator for providing an indication of the voltage level of the power supply.

[0096] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises at least:

[0097] a current sensing circuit adapted to sense a current output of a power source of a battery; and

[0098] A programmable controller is adapted to receive at least one input signal from the current sensing circuit and regulate the output voltage at a programmable variable level based on the output current.

[0099] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises at least one regulator adapted to be activated by the programmable controller at a preset battery output current level so as to regulate the output voltage.

[0100] Preferably, the battery is a rechargeable battery and the voltage regulating device includes a charger sensor adapted to detect voltage level information from a battery charger and send the voltage information to a programmable controller to regulate the output voltage at a programmed variable level according to the output current.

[0101] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises a voltage sensor adapted to sense voltage level information of the power supply and feed the voltage level information to the programmable controller, wherein the programmable controller is programmed to provide a lower output voltage when the power supply voltage has dropped to a predetermined level.

[0102] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises:

[0103] a) a current sensing circuit adapted to detect at least two of: i) current drawn by the user product / device; ii) current used by the power source of the battery during discharge; iii) current drawn from the power source;

[0104] b) a voltage step-down regulator adapted to convert a voltage supplied by a power source into an output voltage of the battery;

[0105] c) A programmable controller adapted to receive input signals from at least the current sensing circuit and the voltage buck regulator to control and regulate the output voltage of the battery at a programmably variable level.

[0106] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises a plurality of electronic components operatively connected to each other for noise suppression.

[0107] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises a rechargeable power source and includes:

[0108] a) a current sensing circuit adapted to detect at least two of: i) current drawn by the user product / device; ii) current used by the battery's power source during discharge; iii) current drawn from the rechargeable power source; iv) current used to charge the rechargeable power source;

[0109] b) a voltage boost regulator adapted to increase the voltage supplied from the external battery charger to a higher voltage for charging the rechargeable power source;

[0110] c) a voltage step-down regulator adapted to convert a voltage supplied by a power source into an output voltage of the battery;

[0111] d) A programmable controller adapted to receive input signals from at least the current sensing circuit, the voltage step-up regulator, and the voltage step-down regulator, and to control and regulate the output voltage of the battery at a programmably variable level.

[0112] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises a plurality of electronic components operatively connected to each other for noise suppression.

[0113] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises a rechargeable power source and includes:

[0114] a) a first current sensing circuit adapted to sense / detect any current drawn by the user product / device and the current used by the rechargeable power source of the battery during discharge;

[0115] b) a voltage boost regulator adapted to increase a voltage supplied from an external battery charger to a higher voltage for charging the rechargeable power source;

[0116] c) a voltage step-down regulator adapted to convert a voltage supplied by the rechargeable power source into an output voltage of the battery;

[0117] d) a second current sensing circuit adapted to sense / detect the current supplied by the external battery charger and the current charging the rechargeable power source;

[0118] e) A programmable microcontroller adapted to receive input signals from at least the first current sensing circuit, the voltage boost regulator, the voltage buck regulator, the second current sensing circuit, and control and regulate the output voltage of the battery at a programmed level.

[0119] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises a plurality of electronic components operatively connected to each other for noise suppression.

[0120] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises a microcontroller voltage regulating device adapted to regulate a voltage of the microcontroller; the microcontroller voltage regulating device is external to the microcontroller and adapted to regulate a voltage of the microcontroller.

[0121] Preferably, the output voltage of the battery is controlled and regulated at a programmed level between 1.2V and 1.5V, more preferably between 1.25V and 1.5V.

[0122] Preferably, the first current sensing circuit and the second current sensing circuit each include at least two resistors and one capacitor operably connected to each other.

[0123] Preferably, the voltage boost regulator includes at least an N-channel MOSFET, four resistors, a diode, and a capacitor operably connected to each other.

[0124] Preferably, the voltage step-down regulator includes at least a P-channel MOSFET, a diode, and two resistors operably connected to each other.

[0125] Preferably, the plurality of electronic components for noise suppression include at least four capacitors and inductors operatively connected to each other.

[0126] Preferably, the microcontroller voltage regulating device comprises at least a resistor and a diode operatively connected to each other.

[0127] In a fourth aspect, the invention consists in a voltage regulating device for regulating at least an output voltage of a battery at a programmable variable level, the voltage regulating device comprising at least:

[0128] a current sensing circuit adapted to sense an output current of a power source of a battery; and

[0129] A programmable controller is adapted to receive at least one input signal from the current sensing circuit and regulate the output voltage at a programmable variable level based on the output current.

[0130] Preferably, the power source is a rechargeable power source.

[0131] Preferably, the voltage regulating device further comprises at least one regulator, the at least one regulator being adapted to be activated by the programmable controller at a preset battery output current level so as to regulate the output voltage.

[0132] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises a rechargeable power source and further comprises a charger sensor adapted to detect voltage level information from a battery charger and send the voltage information to a programmable controller so as to regulate the output voltage at a programmed variable level according to the output current.

[0133] Preferably, the voltage regulating device further comprises a voltage sensor adapted to sense voltage level information of the power supply and feed the voltage level information to the programmable controller, wherein the programmable controller is programmed to provide a lower output voltage when the power supply voltage has dropped to a predetermined level.

[0134] In a fifth aspect, the present invention is a battery comprising:

[0135] Positive terminal;

[0136] Negative terminal;

[0137] Power supply; and

[0138] a voltage regulating device operably connected to the positive terminal, the negative terminal and a power source,

[0139] Wherein, the voltage regulating device comprises:

[0140] a current sensing circuit adapted to sense an output current of a power source of a battery; and

[0141] A programmable controller is adapted to receive at least one input signal from the current sensing circuit and to regulate the output voltage at a programmably variable level based on the output current.

[0142] The battery may optionally be a rechargeable battery having a rechargeable power source.

[0143] In a sixth aspect, the present invention resides in a voltage regulating device for controlling and regulating a voltage supplied from an external battery charger for charging a rechargeable power source of a battery, the voltage regulating device comprising:

[0144] a) a voltage boost regulator adapted to increase the voltage supplied from the external battery charger to a higher voltage for charging the power source;

[0145] b) a current sensing circuit adapted to sense / detect the current supplied by the external battery charger and the current charging the power supply;

[0146] c) A programmable microcontroller adapted to receive input signals from at least the current sensing circuit and the voltage boost regulator to control and regulate the voltage supplied to recharge the rechargeable power source of the battery.

[0147] In another aspect, the present invention resides in a voltage regulating device for controlling and regulating at least an output voltage of a rechargeable battery at a programmed level, the voltage regulating device comprising:

[0148] a) a first current sensing circuit adapted to sense any current drawn by the user product / equipment and the current used by the power source of the battery during discharge;

[0149] b) a voltage boost regulator adapted to increase the voltage supplied from the external battery charger to a higher voltage for charging the power source;

[0150] c) a voltage step-down regulator adapted to convert a voltage supplied by a power source into an output voltage of the battery;

[0151] d) a second current sensing circuit adapted to sense / detect the current supplied by the external battery charger and the current charging the power source;

[0152] e) A programmable microcontroller adapted to receive input signals from at least the first current sensing circuit, the voltage boost regulator, the voltage buck regulator, the second current sensing circuit, and control and regulate the output voltage of the battery at a programmed level.

[0153] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises a plurality of electronic components operatively connected to each other for noise suppression.

[0154] Preferably, the voltage regulating device comprises a microcontroller voltage regulating device adapted to regulate a voltage of the microcontroller; the microcontroller voltage regulating device is external to the microcontroller and adapted to regulate a voltage of the microcontroller.

[0155] Preferably, the output voltage of the battery is controlled and regulated at a programmed level between 1.2V and 1.5V, more preferably between 1.25V and 1.5V.

[0156] Preferably, the first current sensing circuit and the second current sensing circuit each include at least two resistors and one capacitor operably connected to each other.

[0157] Preferably, the voltage boost regulator includes at least an N-channel MOSFET, four resistors, a diode, and a capacitor operably connected to each other.

[0158] Preferably, the voltage step-down regulator includes at least a P-channel MOSFET, a diode, and two resistors operably connected to each other.

[0159] Preferably, the plurality of electronic components for noise suppression include at least four capacitors and inductors operatively connected to each other.

[0160] Preferably, the microcontroller voltage regulating device comprises at least a resistor and a diode operatively connected to each other.

[0161] In a further aspect, the invention consists in a battery comprising a voltage regulating device as defined in any one or more of the statements above.

[0162] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a rechargeable battery, the rechargeable battery comprising:

[0163] The outer surface of the battery is substantially defined by:

[0164] case;

[0165] positive terminal; and

[0166] Negative terminal;

[0167] The housing includes:

[0168] Rechargeable power source;

[0169] Programmable controllers; and

[0170] a voltage regulating device operably connectable to the positive terminal, the negative terminal, and a power source;

[0171] The voltage regulating device includes:

[0172] a voltage boost regulator; and

[0173] at least one voltage sensor configured to apply an input voltage to the positive terminal and the negative terminal and to forward information of the input voltage to the programmable controller;

[0174] The programmable controller is configured to selectively activate a voltage boost regulator to regulate an input voltage for charging a power source.

[0175] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a voltage regulating device configured to be housed in a housing of a battery, the battery having an outer surface substantially defined by the housing, a positive terminal, and a negative terminal, the battery having a rechargeable power source and a programmable controller, wherein the voltage regulating device is configured to be operatively connected to the positive terminal, the negative terminal, and the power source, the voltage regulating device comprising:

[0176] a voltage boost regulator; and

[0177] at least one voltage sensor configured to detect an input voltage applied to said terminals of the battery and configured to forward information of the input voltage to the programmable controller;

[0178] The programmable controller is configured to selectively enable the voltage boost regulator to regulate an input voltage for charging the power supply. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0179] The present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0180] Figure 1 A first embodiment of a rechargeable battery according to the invention is shown, and some of the internal components of the battery are also shown.

[0181] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 sectional view of a first embodiment of a battery.

[0182] Figure 3(a) to Figure 3(c) Shown together Figure 1 and Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a voltage regulating circuit for use in a battery.

[0183] Figure 4(a) to Figure 4(i) Shown together Figure 1 and Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a voltage regulating circuit for use in a battery.

[0184] Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary process of using a voltage regulating circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention to sense an output current of a battery and adjust an output voltage.

[0185] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary output current sensor circuit that may be used in the voltage regulation circuit of the present invention.

[0186] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary low dropout linear (LDO) regulator circuit that may be used in embodiments of the present invention.

[0187] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a synchronous buck regulator circuit that may be used in embodiments of the present invention.

[0188] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an alternative form of output current sensor circuit that may be used in the voltage regulation circuit of the present invention.

[0189] Fig.10 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary process of intelligent battery charging using the voltage regulation circuit of the present invention.

[0190] Fig.11 is an example of a comparator circuit for detecting a battery charger suitable for use with the second embodiment of the voltage regulating circuit.

[0191] Fig.12 An embodiment of a dual slope ADC circuit suitable for use in the voltage regulation circuit of the present invention for charging an internal battery cell.

[0192] Fig.13 is an embodiment of a transformer-based circuit for charging an internal battery cell suitable for use in the voltage regulation circuit of the present invention.

[0193] Fig.14 An embodiment of a single-ended primary inductor converter circuit suitable for use in the voltage regulation circuit of the present invention for charging an internal battery cell.

[0194] Fig.15 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary process for using the voltage regulation circuit of the present invention for monitoring an internal power source / internal battery cell and for reducing the voltage when the power source is near the end of discharge.

[0195] Fig.16 is an embodiment of a current limiting circuit suitable for use in the voltage regulating circuit of the present invention for determining a battery voltage level.

[0196] Fig.17 Detailed Description of the Invention is an embodiment of a circuit for determining a battery voltage level suitable for use in the voltage regulating circuit of the present invention to illustrate voltage levels.

[0197] Fig.18 is a bar graph showing data for several types of AA batteries when tested in a compact digital camera.

[0198] Fig.19is an exemplary graph showing what happens to several types of AAA batteries when tested in a CREE LED flash.

[0199] Fig. 20 is a graph showing the expected results for several types of batteries when used to recharge an external camera flash under continuous use over a period of time. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0200] The following description will describe the invention with respect to preferred embodiments. The invention is in no way limited to the embodiments and / or drawings, as they are purely for illustration of the invention only, and possible variations and modifications will be readily apparent without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0201] Figure 1 and Figure 2 An embodiment of a battery 100 of the present invention is shown, which includes electronic components that are operably connected to each other. In one form, the battery 100 is a rechargeable lithium ion (Li-ion) battery of size AA or AAA having a predetermined voltage, preferably 3.2 volts (V) to 3.8V, such as 3.7V. The battery 100 includes a positive terminal 102 that is operably connected to a voltage regulating device 110 through a voltage carrying device such as a first conductor 104, and the voltage regulating device includes at least a circuit for voltage regulation. The voltage regulating device 110 will be referred to as the voltage regulating circuit 110 hereinafter. Therefore, the first conductor 104 electrically connects the positive terminal 102 of the battery to the voltage regulating circuit 110.

[0202] The voltage regulation circuit 110 includes electronic components in a suitable electrical connection arrangement. Figure 3(a) to Figure 3(c) and Figure 4(a) to Figure 4(i) Discussion Circuit diagrams depict two exemplary arrangements of electronic components in the voltage regulation circuit 110 .

[0203] Return to reference Figure 1 and Figure 2, the voltage regulating circuit 110 is also connected to the negative terminal 112 via another voltage carrying device, preferably a second wire 106. The voltage regulating circuit 110 is also connected to the internal battery cell 114 via one or more wires 108. In this embodiment, the internal battery cell is a 2.6V to 4.6V lithium-ion battery cell, such as a 3.7V lithium-ion battery cell. The battery 100 also includes a shell or housing 116 made of any suitable material, which is shaped and configured to accommodate the electronic components of the battery. The shell 116 surrounds, protects and encapsulates the electronic components of the battery 100. Preferably, the shell 116 is made of very thin (approximately 1 mm thick) metal. In this embodiment, the shell is shaped as a closed tube having a first (e.g., bottom) section and a second (e.g., top) section, whereby the second section of the shell is attached after assembly.

[0204] The voltage regulating circuit 110 is adapted to at least regulate the output voltage at a programmable variable level and / or to sense and regulate the input voltage for charging the internal battery cell 114. The internal battery cell 114 is adapted to provide power to the voltage regulating circuit 110 via one or more conductors 108. These one or more conductors 108 are adapted to be used to charge and discharge the internal battery cell 114. The internal battery cell 114 is preferably any power source, however, the embodiment describes the use of a lithium-ion battery cell. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that similar systems for alternative power sources, particularly rechargeable power sources, can be developed.

[0205] The voltage regulation circuit 110 may include at least one voltage sensor configured to determine an input voltage for charging a power source, which is an internal battery cell 114. The voltage sensor is operably connected to a programmable controller. The programmable controller is adapted to receive at least one input signal from the at least one voltage sensor to regulate the input voltage.

[0206] The voltage sensor may be configured to determine voltage level information of the power supply and feed the voltage level information to the programmable controller. The programmable controller is programmed to provide a lower output voltage of the power supply.

[0207] Exemplary embodiments of the voltage sensor circuit will be described in more detail later.

[0208] Similarly, the voltage regulation circuit 110 may include a current sensor configured at least to determine the output current of the internal battery cell 114. The at least one current sensor is also operatively connected to a programmable controller adapted to receive at least one input signal from the at least one current sensor and regulate the output voltage at a programmable variable level based on the output current.

[0209] The current sensor may be adapted to detect connection to a battery charger when operably connected to the programmable controller.

[0210] The current sensor may also be adapted to detect two or more of the following: i) current drawn by the user product / device during use; ii) current used during discharge of the internal battery cell 110; iii) current drawn from the internal battery cell 110; and iv) current used to recharge the internal battery cell 110 if the internal battery cell 110 is rechargeable.

[0211] Exemplary embodiments of the current sensor circuit will be described in more detail later.

[0212] The voltage regulating circuit 110 will be described with reference to two exemplary embodiments. Although the circuit is referred to as the voltage regulating circuit 110, it should be understood that voltage regulation is not necessarily the sole purpose of the voltage regulating circuit 110. Some other functions of the voltage regulating circuit 110 are described later.

[0213] First embodiment of the voltage regulation circuit ( Figure 3(a) to Figure 3(c) )

[0214] Figure 3(a) to Figure 3(c) 3(a) to (c) show a circuit diagram of a voltage regulating circuit 110 that can be used in the battery 100 of the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 3(a) to FIG. 3(c), the voltage regulating circuit 110 includes several electronic components that are electronically and operably connected to each other. The values ​​and units of most of these electronic components are also shown. For those skilled in the art, considering Figure 3(a) to Figure 3(c) Schematic diagram of the present invention, the arrangement and function of the voltage regulation circuit 110 will be self-explanatory and therefore need not be discussed in detail.

[0215] However, we will now briefly discuss Figure 3(a) to Figure 3(c) Schematic diagram of the voltage regulation circuit 110 is shown in FIG.

[0216] As shown in FIG3(b), the voltage regulating circuit 110 includes an electronic controller, which may be a programmable controller suitable for sending and receiving a number of input and output signals from the circuits of FIG3(a) and FIG3(c), such as a microcontroller U1, such as a PIC16F616 microcontroller. The microcontroller U1 is operably connected to one or more of the positive terminal, the negative terminal, the power supply, and other electronic components of the voltage regulating device to send and receive input and output signals, thereby sensing the output voltage and regulating the output voltage at a programmable variable level.

[0217] In FIG. 3( a), the first component P1 on the left represents the terminals 102 and 112 of the battery 100, which are suitable for connecting to a user product / device (not shown) to supply power to the user product / device. The first component P1 is also suitable for connecting to a battery charger (not shown) to charge a power source / internal battery cell 114 such as a lithium-ion battery cell inside the battery 100. On the right, there is a second component P2 connected to a power source / internal battery cell 114 such as a lithium-ion battery cell inside the battery 100.

[0218] As shown in FIG3( a), capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4 and inductor L1 are preferably located in the circuit. These components form a noise suppression circuit that is operably connected to the microcontroller U1 so that the microcontroller U1 can receive at least one input signal from the noise suppression circuit. The noise suppression circuit provides noise suppression, particularly stray noise suppression.

[0219] The voltage regulation circuit 110 includes at least one regulator. The regulator is operably connected to the programmable controller U1 and is adapted to be activated by the programmable controller U1 at a preset battery output level to regulate the output voltage. This will now be described in more detail.

[0220] The voltage boost regulator is formed by an N-channel MOSFET Q2, resistors R12, R4, R3, R14, a diode D2, and a capacitor C6. The voltage boost regulator is operably connected to the microcontroller U1, and the microcontroller U1 is adapted to receive at least one input signal from the voltage boost regulator to allow the voltage boost regulator to increase the voltage supplied from the battery charger to a higher voltage to charge the internal battery cell 114. The voltage boost regulator is adapted to increase the voltage from a first level (e.g., approximately 1.6V DC) supplied by the external battery charger to a second higher voltage (>3.5V DC) required to charge the internal battery cell. The voltage boost regulator is controlled by a first control signal PWM1 which is a pulse width modulated signal, and provides its state to the microcontroller U1 via a first current signal CUR1.

[0221] Resistors R6 and R15 and capacitor C8 together define a first current sensing circuit that is configured to determine or sense: i) the current drawn by the user product / device; and ii) the current used by the internal battery cells 114 of the battery 100 during discharge. The first current sensing circuit provides its status to the microcontroller U1 via a second current signal CUR2.

[0222] The voltage buck regulator is formed by a P-channel MOSFET Q1, a diode D1, and resistors R2 and R16. The voltage buck regulator is operably connected to the microcontroller U1, and the microcontroller U1 is adapted to receive at least one input signal from the voltage buck regulator to allow the voltage buck regulator to convert the voltage supplied by the internal battery cell 110 into the output voltage of the battery 100.

[0223] The voltage step-down regulator is adapted to convert the voltage supplied by the lithium-ion battery cell (3.7V DC) to a regulator battery output (up to 1.5V DC). Those skilled in the art will recognize that the battery output voltage can vary depending on the current used by the user product / device. This variable regulation is controlled by the microcontroller U1 via a second control signal, which is a pulse width modulated signal (described in more detail below).

[0224] Resistors R13 and R5 and capacitor C7 together define a second current sensing circuit that is suitable for sensing / detecting: i) current drawn from the lithium-ion battery cell; and ii) current charging the lithium-ion battery cell, and the circuit provides its status to the microcontroller U1 via a third current signal CUR3.

[0225] A circuit for regulating the voltage of the microcontroller U1 is shown in Figure 3(c). The microcontroller voltage regulating circuit includes a resistor R8 and a diode D4, and the circuit provides its state to the microcontroller U1 via a voltage signal VREF.

[0226] As can be seen from FIG. 3( b ), the microcontroller U1 includes a resistor R7 and a capacitor C5. FIG. 3( b ) shows how the microcontroller U1 receives several input signals from the circuits of FIG. 3( a ) and FIG. 3( c ). As shown in FIG. 3( b ), the microcontroller U1 obtains feedback from the current signals CUR1 , CUR2 and CUR3 of FIG. 3( a ) and the first and second control signals PWM1 and PWM2 to ensure the correct output voltage of the battery 100 when in use and also to ensure the correct charging of the internal battery cell 114 when the battery 100 is connected to a charger (not shown). When there is a user product / device that draws a predetermined current according to the second current signal CUR2, the output voltage of the battery is set at a programmed level between 1.2V DC and 1.5V DC via the second control signal PWM2 to ensure the best possible availability. This ability to control / regulate voltage at a programmed level between 1.2V DC and 1.5V DC is a very advantageous feature of the present invention. This is because if the output voltage is set to a fixed 1.5VDC, some electronic devices may burn out. Similarly, if the output voltage is set at a lower voltage, the battery may not be able to provide enough voltage for certain electronic devices.

[0227] Thus, by using advanced microelectronics, a battery 100 with a regulated output voltage is achieved. A battery 100 using a voltage regulating circuit 110 as described above is able to output a large amount of power until the battery is fully discharged (or "flat"). This is advantageous over previously known non-rechargeable / single-use batteries and all NiMH / NiCD rechargeable batteries that slowly reduce the output voltage as they discharge (or "go flat"), thereby affecting how the user product / device can function.

[0228] Likewise, the battery 100 using the voltage regulation circuit 110 as described above can provide a regulated voltage input, which means that the battery 100 can be charged using all commercially available NiMH / NiCD battery chargers. This can be an additional advantage over previously known circuit regulated batteries that require a dedicated charger. Alternatively, a dedicated charger can be developed for the battery if desired.

[0229] A second preferred embodiment of the voltage regulating circuit ( Figure 4(a) to Figure 4(i) )

[0230] Figure 4(a) to Figure 4(i) Together, a circuit diagram of an alternative form of the voltage regulating circuit 110 used in the battery 100 of the present invention is shown. Figure 4(a) to Figure 4(i) As can be seen from the figures, the voltage regulation circuit 110 includes several electronic components that are electronically and operatively connected to each other. The values ​​and units of most of these electronic components are also shown in these figures. For those skilled in the art, considering Figure 4(a) to Figure 4(i) Schematic diagram of the present invention, the arrangement and function of the voltage regulation circuit 110 will be self-explanatory and therefore need not be discussed in detail.

[0231] However, we will now briefly discuss Figure 4(a) to Figure 4(i) Schematic diagram of the voltage regulation circuit 110 is shown in FIG.

[0232] As shown in FIG. 4(i), the voltage regulating circuit 110 of the second preferred embodiment includes a microcontroller U5 adapted to send and receive signals from Figure 4(a) to Figure 4(h) Several input and output signals of the circuit.

[0233] In FIG4( a), the first component P1 represents the terminals 102 and 112 of the battery 100, which are suitable for connecting to a user product / device (not shown) to provide power to the user product / device. The first component P1 is also suitable for connecting to a battery charger (not shown) to charge the power source inside the battery 100, i.e., the internal battery cell 114, such as a lithium-ion battery cell.

[0234] Figure 4(a) includes an output current sensor, a low dropout linear regulator (LDO regulator) and a synchronous buck regulator / voltage boost and path. These components will be discussed in detail later.

[0235] FIG4(b) includes a second component P2 connected to the internal battery cell 114 inside the battery 110. The circuit of FIG4(b) is suitable for providing voltage references required by other circuit sections. In this embodiment, the fixed voltage regulator outputs 2.048 volts DC to VREF 2. The voltage is divided using resistors R21, R12, R18 and R15 to provide voltage references of 1.55V DC and 1.4V DC. These voltage references are controlled by the microcontroller U5, FIG4(i) Figure 6 The current sensor and Figure 8 At least one or more of a synchronous buck regulator / voltage booster is used.

[0236] Figure 4(c) to Figure 4(e) The power connections for the integrated circuits U3, U7 and U14 are shown respectively. They are powered directly from the second component P2 via the power supply V CELL.

[0237] FIG4( f ) is an exemplary circuit of a charger sensor circuit for sensing the battery output voltage and used to detect an external charger. The circuit and its application will be discussed in more detail later.

[0238] 4(g) is an exemplary circuit for sensing the voltage of the internal battery cell 114 and used as an internal battery cell voltage sensor. This circuit and its application will be discussed in more detail later.

[0239] Figure 4(h) shows a fixed 3.3V DC regulator that powers the microcontroller U5.

[0240] 4(i) shows how the programmable microcontroller U5 receives the Figure 4(a) to Figure 4(h) Several inputs of the circuit.

[0241] The voltage regulation circuit of this second embodiment can provide several key features, including intelligent battery output; intelligent battery charging; voltage drop when the power source is near the end of discharge and battery level indication.

[0242] These key features and how to achieve them will now be discussed in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0243] Smart battery output

[0244] Smart battery output is one of the features of the battery 100 that can be realized by the voltage regulating circuit 110 of the second embodiment.

[0245] With common batteries (1.5V disposable alkaline, 1.5V primary lithium, and 1.2V rechargeable MiMH), the voltage will drop slightly when the load is too light, even when the battery is new and fully charged. Some electronic devices are designed to take this into account, such as many flashlights, in which the rated voltage of the bulb is not 1.5V, but slightly lower than 1.5V, mainly in the range of 1.2V to 1.4V.

[0246] Fixed 1.5V output can damage electronics in some cases. Some flash units will burn out the bulb if fed with a fixed 1.5V battery / cells.

[0247] In the present invention, the battery 100 is adapted to sense the output current and adjust the output voltage according to the output current. An example of a possible voltage drop for a AA battery is as follows.

[0248]

[0249]

[0250] Table 1

[0251] The battery output current can be monitored in a number of ways. One method is to use a very low ohm value resistor on either the positive or negative output and measure the voltage across the resistor. As the current increases, the voltage across the resistor will increase. Feedback can then be used to adjust the voltage regulator and reduce the output voltage.

[0252] An embodiment of a circuit that will do this will now be discussed.

[0253] The voltage regulation circuit 110 comprises at least one regulator operatively connected to the programmable controller U5 and adapted to be activated by the programmable controller U5 at a preset battery output level in order to regulate the output voltage. This will now be described in more detail.

[0254] Figure 5 The block diagram of corresponds to the circuit of FIG. 4( a) with an LDO regulator 510 and a voltage buck regulator, i.e., a synchronous buck regulator 530. For battery efficiency at low currents, an LDO regulator 510 is included in this embodiment. There may be only one regulator or more than two regulators.

[0255] refer to Figure 54(i) , when there is no current draw or a predetermined low current draw, a programmable controller 520, which is the same as the microcontroller U5 of FIG. 4(i), starts the LDO regulator 510 to regulate the output voltage and disables the synchronous buck regulator 530. The current flow output by the LDO regulator 510 is sensed, and the LDO regulator output is provided as a battery output 550. The output current sensor 540 is fed back to the programmable controller 520. If the output current exceeds the predetermined current draw, the programmable controller 520 starts the synchronous buck regulator 530 and disables the LDO regulator 510. In this embodiment, the LDO regulator 510 is more efficient for low current output, and the synchronous buck regulator 530 is more efficient for medium to high current output.

[0256] Figure 6 The circuit is Figure 5 The embodiment of the output current sensor 540 of FIG. 4( a ) also shows that the battery output 550 is P1. Figure 6 The circuit of the output current sensor 540. As can be seen in Figure 4(i), the signals "I EN", "LOAD 1" and "VREF 2" are all connected to the microcontroller U5.

[0257] The current is measured by measuring the voltage drop across resistor R1 using an operational amplifier U3A, where the resulting voltage is provided to a microcontroller U5 where the actual current value is determined by programming. The higher the current flowing through resistor R1, the higher the voltage difference across resistor R1 (according to Ohm's law voltage V = current I x resistance R). Figure 6 In the circuit shown in FIG. 1 , operational amplifier U3A amplifies the voltage difference measured across resistor R1 to provide higher measurement accuracy.

[0258] Figure 7 The circuit is used with Figure 5 The LDO regulator 510 in the block diagram is an embodiment of the circuit of the same LDO regulator U15. It can also be seen in FIG4(a) that Figure 7 The “V CELL” signal is connected to the internal battery cell 114 ; “LDOEN” is connected to the microcontroller U5 , and P1 is the battery output 550 .

[0259] For low current draw, the LDO regulator U15 will act as a fixed voltage regulator to ensure maximum efficiency under low load conditions. The LDO regulator U15 is enabled or disabled by the programmable controller 520, i.e., the microcontroller U5. Figure 7In the circuit of , when the current draw of the battery 100 is low, the LDO regulator U15 will be enabled, and when the current draw of the battery 100 is high, the LDO regulator will be disabled. During the high current draw, the synchronous buck regulator 530 will take over. Figure 7 In this embodiment of the invention, the LDO regulator U15 is a fixed voltage regulator. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention will also work if the LDO regulator is a variable voltage regulator set for a 1.5V DC output.

[0260] Figure 8 The circuit is Figure 5 4(a) also shows that Figure 8 The microcontroller U5 will start the synchronous buck regulator 530 at a preset battery output current level. The "V CELL" signal is connected to the internal battery cell 114. The signals "PWM HI", "SHNT REG EN", and "PWM LOW" are all connected to the microcontroller U5 as shown in Figure 4(i). The battery output is shown as P1. The signal "V1V55" is connected to a fixed 1.55V DC reference.

[0261] For high current draw, the programmed instructions of the microcontroller U5 will turn off the LDO regulator U15 and regulate the output using the synchronous buck regulator 530. This is done by turning off the operational amplifier U3B, and the microcontroller U5 will control the output voltage via the operational amplifier U1, N-channel MOSFET Q1, P-channel MOSFET Q2, and inductor L1.

[0262] The output voltage is the input voltage multiplied by the duty cycle, so reducing the duty cycle reduces the output voltage. The microcontroller controls the duty cycle according to the program instructions.

[0263] V_Out=V_in*duty cycle

[0264] Duty cycle = Q1 (on time) / Q1 (off time) + Q1 (on time))

[0265] For example, V_In=3.5V, on-time=420ns, off-time=580ns

[0266] Duty cycle = 420e-9 / 420e-9+580e-9) = 0.42

[0267] V_Out=3.5*0.42=1.47V

[0268] Although the embodiments discussed above use two regulators for efficiency, it is possible to have only one regulator or to have more than two regulators.

[0269] Fig. 9 An alternative form of output current sensor 540 is shown for measuring the battery output current. Fig. 9 The circuit uses a Hall effect sensor (by Fig. 9 The X in the figure measures the magnetic field through a conductor carrying current, which eliminates the need for resistor R1. The strength of the magnetic field around a conductor is proportional to the current through it. As the current increases, the strength of the magnetic field increases. Current flows from IP+ to IP-.

[0270] Intelligent battery charging

[0271] Intelligent battery charging is another feature that may be implemented from the second preferred embodiment of the voltage regulation circuit 110 .

[0272] Existing hybrid (power and electronics) batteries in AAA, AA, C, and D sizes require specialized chargers or are charged by non-standard methods such as USB. The battery 100 of the present invention uses electronic circuitry to sense the voltage from a battery charger, such as a standard NiMH or Li-ion battery charger, and regulates the voltage to charge the internal battery cells 114.

[0273] An embodiment of a circuit that will do this will now be described.

[0274] Now turn to Fig.10 , the voltage regulation circuit includes at least one charger sensor 1020, which is operably connected to a programmable controller 1030 that is the same as the microcontroller U5 and is suitable for determining the connection with the external battery charger 1010 by detecting the voltage from the external battery charger 1010.

[0275] The charger sensor 1020 may be adapted to detect the voltage of the external battery charger 1010 as voltage level information and feed the voltage level information to the microcontroller U5 so as to adjust the detected voltage of the battery charger 1010 for charging the internal battery cell 1070 (the same as the internal battery cell 114).

[0276] The charger sensor 1020 may also be adapted to detect voltage level information from the external battery charger 1010 and feed the voltage level information to the microcontroller U5 so as to regulate the output voltage at a programmed variable level according to the output current.

[0277] Reference again Fig.10When the battery 100 is connected to the external battery charger 1010, the charger sensor 1020 detects the voltage from the external battery charger 1010 and sends a signal to the programmable controller 1030 which is the same as the microcontroller U5 of FIG. 4(i). The signal provides information about the type of the connected external battery charger 1010 to the programmable controller 1030. If the connected external battery charger 1010 is a battery charger of the first power source type (e.g., a lithium-ion charger), and the internal battery unit 1070 (which is connected to the internal battery unit 1070) is Figure 1 and Figure 2 If the internal battery cells 114 in the battery are the same as the first power source type (e.g., lithium-ion battery cells), the programmable controller / microcontroller 1030, U5 will initiate a pass-through to effectively connect the charger directly to the internal battery cells 1070. If the connected external battery charger 1010 is a battery charger of a second power source type (e.g., a NiMH battery charger) and the internal battery cells of the battery are of a different power source type (e.g., lithium-ion battery cells), the programmable controller / microcontroller 1030, U5 will initiate a voltage boost or pass-through circuit 1060 to adjust the charging voltage to enable charging of the different power source (e.g., increasing the lower NiMH charging voltage to reach the higher Li-ion charging voltage).

[0278] The circuit of Figure 4(f) is an embodiment of a charger sensor 1020. The "VOUT" signal is connected to the external battery charger 1010, and the "V OUT ADC" signal is connected to the microcontroller U5 as shown in Figure 4(i).

[0279] The voltage boost or pass circuit 1060 of this embodiment is similar to the voltage boost or pass circuit 1060 described above with reference to Figure 8 The synchronous buck regulator 530 is the same circuit that is also shown in FIG4(a). The "V CELL" signal is connected to the internal battery cell 1070. The "PWM HI", "SHNT REG EN", and "PWM LOW" signals are all connected to the microcontroller U5. P1 is the battery output. "V1 V55" is connected to a fixed 1.55V DC reference. The "VOUT" signal is connected to the external battery charger 1010.

[0280] For example, a Li-Ion charger will output a higher voltage than a NiMH charger, and the programmed instructions of the microcontroller U5 determine which type of external battery charger is connected 1010. The microcontroller U5 can then determine whether the voltage needs to be adjusted to allow charging of the battery at the particular type of power source being used, and control the voltage regulation circuit to provide the voltage level required to charge the particular power source.

[0281] Turning again to FIG. 4( a) and FIG. 4( i), if the microcontroller U5 determines that a Li-Ion charger is connected and the internal battery cell 114 is Li-Ion, the output microcontroller U5 will fully turn on the P-channel MOSFET Q2 and turn off the N-channel MOSFET Q1. The Li-Ion charger is then connected to the internal battery cell 1070 via the inductor L1 and the P-channel MOSFET Q2, both of which are effectively short-circuited. The battery charger will operate / charge as if a Li-Ion battery had been inserted.

[0282] If the microcontroller U5 determines that a NiMH charger is connected and the internal battery cell 1170 is lithium-ion, an N-channel MOSFET is used to create a voltage booster from the signal "VOUT" (battery terminal and battery charger) side to the "V CELL" signal (internal battery cell 1170). Inductor L1 is used as a boost indicator, so when the N-channel MOSFET Q1 is turned on, current flows from the charge source into inductor L1. When the N-channel MOSFET Q1 is turned off, current flows into "VCELL" through the P-channel MOSFET Q2, and the input capacitors C18, C34, and C35 hold the source end of the inductor at a constant voltage as they discharge through the P-channel MOSFET Q2.

[0283] The circuit used for output current sensor 1050 in this article is similar to the circuit shown in the above reference. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The output current sensor 540 is depicted as the same circuit that also appears in FIG4(a). The battery output and connection to the external battery charger 1010 are shown as Figure 6 The signals “I EN”, “LOAD1” and “VREF 2” are all connected to the microcontroller U5, as shown in FIG4(i).

[0284] The current is measured by measuring the voltage drop across resistor R1 using an operational amplifier U3A, where the resulting voltage is provided to a microcontroller U5, which determines the actual current value according to program instructions. The higher the current flowing through R1, the higher the voltage difference across resistor R1 (according to Ohm's law, voltage V = current I × resistance R). Figure 6 In the circuit shown in FIG. 1 , operational amplifier U3A amplifies the voltage difference measured across resistor R1 to provide higher measurement accuracy.

[0285] When the internal battery cell 1070 is fully charged, the controller is able to sense the lower current being drawn by the internal battery cell 1070 via resistor R1 and operational amplifier U3A, and at this time the microcontroller U5 turns on the P-channel MOSFET Q2 (P-channel MOSFET Q2 acts as a shunt regulator) to bypass (bypass, bypass, avoid) the charge source or indicate to the charge source that the internal battery cell 1070 is fully charged.

[0286] The circuit of Figure 4(g) is an embodiment of a voltage sensor, namely an internal battery cell voltage sensor 1040. The signal "V-CELL" is connected to the internal battery cell 1070 and the signal "VOUT ADC" is connected to the programmable controller 1030, namely the microcontroller U5.

[0287] The voltage level of the internal power source, ie, the internal battery cell 1070, is sensed via resistors R17 and R20, and the voltage is fed to the microcontroller U5.

[0288] Although this description of the preferred embodiment above refers to a NiMH or Li-ion battery charger, one skilled in the art will appreciate that any type of battery charger may be used by modifying the charger sensor and voltage boost or pass circuitry.

[0289] Other types of comparators such as flash converters or multi-comparators can also be used (see Fig.11 ) or dual slope ADC (see Fig.12 ) to detect external battery charger.

[0290] Other circuit designs may also be used such as charging the internal battery cell 1070 from an external battery charger (such as a NiMH charger) via a transformer-based converter such as a flyback transformer.

[0291] exist Fig.13 An embodiment of a transformer based circuit is shown in .

[0292] Other circuit designs such as a single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) or a 'CUK converter can also be used to charge the internal battery cells from an external battery charger. These converters will step up the voltage of the battery charger so that the internal battery cells can be charged at the same or higher voltage as the charger. Fig.14 An embodiment of a SEPIC and / or 'CUK circuit is shown in FIG.

[0293] The voltage drop of a power supply near the end of discharge

[0294] This is another feature provided by the second embodiment of the voltage regulator circuit 110 .

[0295] With common batteries (1.5V disposable alkaline, 1.5V primary lithium, and 1.2V rechargeable NiMH), the voltage slowly drops as the battery becomes low (discharged). This can be seen when a flashlight dims with use or when powered devices such as toys and electric toothbrushes slow down. Existing hybrid (power and electronics) batteries have a fixed voltage output, and when the internal power becomes low, the battery output simply turns off. This has always been undesirable. For example, if a user is using a flashlight at full power, but it suddenly turns off without warning, the user may find this undesirable.

[0296] This form of the battery of the invention can monitor the internal power source, and when the internal power source is nearing the end of discharge (ie it is almost out of power), the battery voltage will decrease to indicate to the user that it needs to be recharged.

[0297] This form of battery of the invention can reduce the output voltage regardless of the output current. This means that when the output current is high and the battery output is reduced, a further reduction still applies. An example of a possible voltage drop for a AA battery according to the invention is as follows.

[0298] Power used % Output voltage drop(vDC) 85 0.05 86 0.06 87 0.07 88 0.08 89 0.09 90 0.1 91 0.15 92 0.2 93 0.25 94 0.3 95 0.35 96 0.4 97 0.45 98 0.5 99 Output drops to zero

[0299] Table 2

[0300] An embodiment of a circuit that will do this will now be described.

[0301] Now turn to Fig.15 The block diagram of the internal battery cell 1510 (with Figure 1 and Figure 2 The voltage of the internal battery cell 114 (same as the internal battery cell 114) is sensed by the voltage sensor 1520, and this information (internal battery cell voltage) is fed to the programmable controller 1530 which is the same as the microcontroller U5 of FIG4(i). When the voltage of the internal battery cell 1510 has dropped to a predetermined level pre-programmed into the microcontroller U5, the microcontroller U5 will reduce the output of the synchronous buck regulator 1560 which will provide a lower battery output voltage.

[0302] The voltage drop programmed for low internal battery cells 1510 can be added to the voltage drop programmed as part of a "smart output" if used with an output current sense / output current sensor 1540 that reduces the battery output 1550 voltage when the load is too light.

[0303] although Fig.15 The use of an output current sensor 1540 is shown, but this is optional.

[0304] The circuit of Figure 4(g) is an embodiment of a voltage sensor (internal battery cell voltage sensor). The "V CELL" signal is connected to the internal battery cell 1510, and the "V OUT ADC" signal is connected to the microcontroller U5.

[0305] The voltage level of the internal power source or internal battery cell 1510 is sensed via resistors R17 and R20 and this voltage is fed to the microcontroller U5 in the same manner as described above in the Smart Battery Output section.

[0306] The circuit of the synchronous buck regulator 1560 is as follows: Figure 8 The same circuit as in , which also appears in Figure 4(a).

[0307] Go to Figure 8 , the "V CELL" signal is connected to the internal battery cell. The "PWM HI", "SHNT REG EN", and "PWMLOW" signals are all connected to the microcontroller U5. P1 is the battery output. The "V1V55" signal is connected to a fixed 1.55V DC reference. The "VOUT" signal is connected to the battery output terminal.

[0308] The circuit of FIG4(a) will more effectively reduce the output voltage when the battery is in a lightly loaded condition and the synchronous buck regulator 1560 circuit is used instead of the LDO regulator U15. To achieve voltage drop at low current draw, the LDO regulator U15 can be replaced with a variable LDO regulator instead of the fixed output regulator shown in the circuit diagram of FIG4(a).

[0309] When microcontroller U5 regulates the output using synchronous buck regulator 1560, the microcontroller's programmed instructions cause the output voltage to decrease.

[0310] The voltage is dropped by turning off the operational amplifier U3B, and the microcontroller U5 will control the voltage via the operational amplifier U1, N-channel MOSFET Q1, P-channel MOSFET Q2, and inductor L1.

[0311] The output voltage is the input voltage multiplied by the duty cycle, so reducing the duty cycle reduces the output voltage. The microcontroller controls the duty cycle according to the program instructions.

[0312] V_Out=V_in*duty cycle

[0313] Duty cycle = Q1 (on time) / Q1 (off time) + Q1 (on time))

[0314] For example, V_In=3.5V, on-time=420ns, off-time=580ns

[0315] Duty cycle = 420e-9 / 420e-9+580e-9) = 0.42

[0316] V_Out=3.5*0.42=1.47V

[0317] Other types of comparators such as flash converters or multi-comparators can also be used (see Fig.11 ) or dual slope ADC (see Fig.12 ) measures the internal battery cell voltage.

[0318] The above-described characteristics of the voltage drop when the power source is close to the end of discharge can also be applied to the battery 100 using the voltage regulating circuit 110 as described in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0319] Battery level indicator

[0320] This is another feature provided by the second embodiment of the voltage regulator circuit 110 .

[0321] The battery 100 of the present invention may include any form of indicator on the surface of the battery suitable for indicating or displaying the charge or power level of the battery. A voltage level indicator may be used, such as a voltage level meter that shows the user how much power is left in the battery.

[0322] With common batteries (1.5V disposable alkaline batteries, 1.5V primary lithium batteries, and 1.2v rechargeable NiMH batteries), the voltage slowly drops as they become low on power. Battery users can measure the voltage with a multimeter to see how much power is left in the battery. Some disposable batteries have a voltage level indicator on the side of the battery. However, existing rechargeable batteries do not have any voltage level indicator.

[0323] Existing hybrid (power and electronics) batteries do not have any voltage indicator, and the output is always 1.5V regardless of the power remaining in the power source, ie, the internal battery cell 114 .

[0324] If the internal battery cell 114 is lithium-ion, an example battery voltage to be measured is as follows:

[0325] Fully charged = more than 4V

[0326] Discharge 25% = 3.9V

[0327] Discharge 50% = 3.8V

[0328] Discharge 75% = 3.7V

[0329] Low power = 3V or lower

[0330] The voltage of the internal battery cell 114 can be measured by various methods. One way is through the circuit of Figure 4 (g). The voltage of the internal battery cell 114, such as a lithium-ion battery cell, is directly measured via resistors R17 and R20 and fed to the microcontroller U5, where the remaining power level can be calculated by the programmed instructions of the microcontroller U5. In order to indicate the voltage of the internal battery cell 114, if the battery 100 is under the transparent film or transparent portion of the label, a conductive strip covered with thermochromic ink can be installed on the surface, and when one or both ends are pressed, the circuit is completed and a voltage is applied to each end of the conductive film. The thermochromic ink will change color because it indicates the temperature of the conductive film which will be proportional to the current flowing through the film. One thermochromic ink or multiple inks can be used.

[0331] By using a current limiting circuit that is programmed based on the measured voltage of the internal battery cell 114, a significant current range will be achieved, making the indication more accurate.

[0332] For example,

[0333] Fully charged = over 4V = 50mA

[0334] Discharge 25% = 3.9V = 40mA

[0335] Discharge 50% = 3.8V = 30mA

[0336] Discharge 75% = 3.7V = 20mA

[0337] Low power = 3V or less = 0mA

[0338] exist Fig.16 An embodiment of a current limiting circuit is shown in FIG.

[0339] The current of the constant current circuit = 50mA. The load is driven by the constant current.

[0340] Other measurement methods include using comparators, such as single or multiple slope comparators or flash converters.

[0341] The power level remaining in the internal battery cell 114 can be displayed in a variety of ways. Another way is to use a small LED placed in the battery compartment that is programmed by the microcontroller U5 to display the voltage level. The LED's can be ultra low current and always on, or can be activated on a portion of the battery to complete the circuit. This can be done using a conductive film under the battery label.

[0342] exist Fig.17 An embodiment of a circuit for displaying a voltage level is shown in FIG.

[0343] The battery power indication feature described above can also be applied to the battery 100 using the voltage regulating circuit 110 described in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0344] Although the embodiments of the intelligent battery output and voltage drop as the power source approaches the end of discharge are described with respect to rechargeable batteries, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these voltage regulation circuits can also be used to control the voltage output in non-rechargeable batteries. Similarly, the battery level indication can also be used for non-rechargeable batteries.

[0345] Comparison with other batteries

[0346] Table 3 below shows how the battery of the present invention compares to previously known batteries when applied to different products:

[0347]

[0348]

[0349] Table 3

[0350] Fig.18 is a graph showing actual data for several types of AA batteries when tested in a compact digital camera. The results in the graph are from testing conducted in a compact digital camera using 2 AA batteries until the camera no longer took pictures with the flash on.

[0351] The dark portion of the bar graph shows the number of pictures taken with the flash before a low battery indication is displayed. When the low battery level is reached, the camera goes into power saving mode and the display turns off between pictures while the flash recharges. Recharge times are also longer. The lighter portion of the bar graph shows the number of pictures taken while the battery level was low.

[0352] The battery of the present invention, called "BOOST FP", is ready to take photos quickly for all photos. BOOST FP is tested for long duration, fast flash recharge time and the ability to take more photos between recharges than any other rechargeable battery.

[0353] Fig.19 is a graph showing data for several types of AAA batteries when tested in a CREE LED flash. Specifically, the results in the graph are from testing conducted with 3 AAA batteries in a CREE LED flash.

[0354] Brightness was measured by a lux meter, with the brightness of a cell of the invention (referred to as "BOOST FP") being taken as a 100% baseline. Subsequent readings were taken as percentages of this baseline.

[0355] The left side of the graph shows the brightness when it is first turned on. Over time, the brightness of the flash decreases as the battery slowly begins to discharge (or "goes dry").

[0356] Other batteries have their output drop off quickly, causing the flash light output to become much dimmer after a very short time (eg, within a few minutes, such as 1 to 15, or 2 to 10 minutes). Fig.19 The graph shows the relative brightness of a CREE LED flash over time using AAA batteries, clearly showing that none of the other batteries tested provide full brightness for as long as the BOOST FP.

[0357] Fig. 20 is a graph showing the expected results of several types of batteries when used to recharge an external camera flash in continuous use over a period of time. The lower the line in the graph, the faster the camera charges the flash. The battery of the present invention is referred to as "Revolt Pro" in the graph. As can be seen from Fig. 20 As can be seen in the drawings, with the battery of the present invention, the user no longer needs to wait longer and longer periods of time to recharge his camera flash, and the user's camera flash will recharge at the same rapid rate until the battery runs low.

[0358] Advantages of the present invention

[0359] Some advantages or benefits of the present invention are as follows:

[0360] The battery can be rechargeable, which means the battery can be used over and over again, thus being cost-effective after multiple uses.

[0361] • Environmentally friendly, as batteries according to some embodiments of the present invention are rechargeable and reusable, compared to all previously known non-rechargeable / single-use batteries.

[0362] Excellent performance in high current devices

[0363] Suitable for all types of equipment

[0364] Intelligently regulates output to deliver the best possible performance

[0365] Intelligent electronics to sense the type of battery charger or voltage supplied by the battery charger (such as from existing battery chargers, e.g., NiMH / NiCD / Li-ion chargers) and adjust the voltage to charge the internal battery cells or a rechargeable power source such as a Li-ion battery cell

[0366] The battery provides continuous high power until the battery is low

[0367] In one option, no dedicated battery charger is required and the battery can be charged using all commercially available NiMH / NiCD / Li-ion battery chargers. For example, the advanced electronics inside the battery of the present invention boosts the voltage supplied by a NiMH battery charger to provide a regulated, safe charge for a Li-ion battery cell.

[0368] Other benefits include:

[0369] The power source such as lithium ion cells in the battery of the present invention can be recharged up to 1000 times without significant capacity loss. This means that if the battery is recharged weekly, it will still have 80% of its original capacity after about 20 years. It will last many more years, just with a lower power capacity.

[0370] A 2100mAh AA NiMH battery is rated at 2520mWh (1.2v x 2100mAh), while the AA version of the battery of the present invention is rated at 2900mWh. Therefore, the present battery of the present invention contains more power than a 2100mAh NiMH battery. The available capacity will depend on the minimum voltage required by the consumer electronic device. It will also vary slightly based on the discharge rate. If the consumer electronic device / product requires at least 1.1V to operate, the battery of the present invention is equivalent to a NiMH battery of approximately 2400mAh. If the consumer electronic device requires at least 1.15V to operate, the battery of the present invention is equivalent to a NiMH battery of approximately 2600mAH to 2700mAH.

[0371] • The electronics inside the battery of the present invention are intended to be always on. The quiescent current draw of the electronics is a relatively small 30 μA, which is less power than the self-discharge rate draws.

[0372] 30μA=0.03mA

[0373] 12 months = 365 days x 24 hours / day = 8760 hours

[0374] mAh absorbed in one year = 8760 × 0.03 = 262.8 mAh

[0375] The self-discharge of a power source such as a lithium-ion battery cell is about 20% in one year. Therefore, for the AA battery of the present invention, the total power remaining after 12 months will still be more than 1000 mAh.

[0376] The power source in the battery of the present invention will not run out of power. When it reaches a safe low voltage, the electronics in the battery shuts down the output, thereby protecting the power source such as a lithium-ion battery cell.

[0377] Variants

[0378] It should of course be appreciated that while the foregoing has been presented by way of illustrative embodiments of the invention, all such and other modifications and variations of the invention which would be apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to fall within the broad scope and ambit of the invention as hereinbefore described.

[0379] Although the present invention has been described with reference to AA / AAA batteries, the batteries of the present invention may be of any type or may have any size, such as but not limited to AA, AAA, C, D, 9V, lantern batteries, etc.

[0380] The voltage regulating circuits described above with reference to the accompanying drawings are merely examples of several possible voltage regulating circuits that one skilled in the art would consider to be useful for the same or substantially similar purpose.

[0381] Similarly, several components of the voltage regulating circuit described above with reference to the accompanying drawings are not necessarily arranged similarly as depicted in the accompanying drawings, and each of these components may be replaced by any equivalent component that a person skilled in the art may think of that is suitable for providing the same or substantially similar purpose.

[0382] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that several other alternative forms of electronic controllers such as a programmed microprocessor; an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC); a programmable logic array (PLA); a field programmable gate array (FPGA); or any other form of electronic device or logic circuit or programmable logic device suitable for the purpose may be implemented in the voltage regulating circuit. Such an electronic controller may be operably connected to one or more other electronic components of the voltage regulating device to send and receive input and output signals to sense and regulate the output voltage at a programmed variable level.

[0383] The internal power source need not be limited to lithium-ion battery cells and may be any power source suitable for the purpose. The basic electronics design remains the same with different power sources and changes may be made to suit the specific power source output voltage and charging requirements. While lithium-ion is preferred as the power source, other possible power sources that may be used are NiMH or NiCD. Emerging high-tech rechargeable battery cells such as membrane-type lithium batteries may also be used.

[0384] It will be understood that the battery of the present invention can be charged using an existing charger and does not require a dedicated charger. However, a dedicated charger can be developed for the battery of the present invention.

[0385] It will also be understood that where products, methods or processes as described or claimed herein and those not fully sold as separate components or as a "kit of parts," such developments will fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0386] For the purposes of the above description, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", "left", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "lateral", "longitudinal", "side", "front", "rear" and their derivatives shall relate to the present invention as it is oriented in the accompanying drawings / figures. However, it will be understood that the present invention may take various alternative variations, unless expressly indicated to the contrary. It will also be understood that the specific devices shown in the drawings and described in the specification are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, specific dimensions and other physical characteristics related to the embodiments disclosed herein should not be considered limiting.

[0387] This technology can also be configured as follows:

[0388] Item 1. A battery comprising:

[0389] Positive terminal;

[0390] Negative terminal;

[0391] Power supply; and

[0392] a voltage regulating device operably connected to the positive terminal, the negative terminal and the power source,

[0393] Therein, the voltage regulating device includes electronic components that are operably connected to each other to regulate the output voltage at a programmable variable level.

[0394] Item 2. The battery of Item 1, wherein the battery is a rechargeable battery having a rechargeable power source.

[0395] Item 3. A battery according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the power source is a lithium-ion battery cell.

[0396] Item 4. A battery according to any of the preceding items, wherein the power source provides power to the voltage regulating device via one or more conductors.

[0397] Item 5. A battery according to item 3, wherein the lithium-ion battery cell is between 2.8 and 3.2 volts.

[0398] Item 6. A battery according to any of the preceding items, wherein the voltage regulating device includes a programmable controller, which is operably connected to the positive terminal, the negative terminal, the power supply and one or more other electronic components of the voltage regulating device to send and receive input signals and output signals, thereby sensing the output voltage and regulating the output voltage at the programmed variable level.

[0399] Item 7. A battery according to Item 6, wherein the voltage regulating device includes at least one regulator, which is operably connected to the programmable controller and is suitable for being activated by the programmable controller at a preset battery output level to regulate the output voltage.

[0400] Item 8. A battery according to Item 6 or 7, wherein the power source is rechargeable and the voltage regulating device includes at least one voltage sensor configured to determine an input voltage for charging the power source, the at least one voltage sensor being operably connected to the programmable controller, the programmable controller being adapted to receive at least one input signal from the at least one voltage sensor to regulate the input voltage.

[0401] Item 9. A battery according to Item 6 or 7, wherein the voltage regulating device includes at least one voltage sensor, and the at least one voltage sensor is configured to determine voltage level information of the power supply and feed the voltage level information to the programmable controller.

[0402] Item 10. A battery according to Item 9, wherein the programmable controller is programmed to provide a lower output voltage when the power supply voltage has dropped to a predetermined level.

[0403] Item 11. A battery according to any one of Items 6 to 10, wherein the voltage regulating device includes at least one current sensor configured to determine the output current of the power supply, the at least one current sensor being operably connected to the programmable controller, the programmable controller being suitable for receiving at least one input signal from the at least one current sensor and regulating the output voltage at a programmed variable level according to the output current.

[0404] Item 12. A battery according to any one of Items 6 to 10, wherein the voltage regulating device includes at least one current sensor suitable for detecting connection to a battery charger, and the at least one current sensor is operably connected to the programmable controller.

[0405] Item 13. A battery according to any one of items 6 to 10, wherein the voltage regulating device includes at least one current sensor operably connected to the programmable controller, and the at least one current sensor is suitable for detecting two or more of the following: i) the current drawn by the user product / device during use; ii) the current used by the power supply during discharge; iii) the current drawn from the power supply; and iv) if the power supply is rechargeable, the current used to recharge the power supply.

[0406] Item 14. A rechargeable battery according to any one of Items 6 to 10, wherein the power source is rechargeable and the voltage regulating device includes at least one charger sensor, the at least one charger sensor being suitable for determining connection with the battery charger by detecting voltage from the battery charger, and the at least one charger sensor being operably connected to the programmable controller.

[0407] Item 15. A battery according to any one of Items 6 to 10, wherein the power source is rechargeable and the voltage regulating device includes at least one charger sensor, which is suitable for detecting the voltage of the battery charger as voltage level information and feeding the voltage level information to the programmable controller so as to adjust the detected voltage of the battery charger for charging the power source.

[0408] Item 16. A battery according to any one of Items 6 to 10, wherein the power source is rechargeable and the voltage regulating device includes at least one charger sensor, which is suitable for detecting voltage level information from a battery charger and feeding the voltage level information to a programmable controller so as to regulate the output voltage at the programmed variable level according to the output current.

[0409] Item 17. A battery according to any one of Items 6 to 16, wherein the power source is rechargeable and the voltage regulating device includes a voltage boost regulator operably connected to the programmable controller, the programmable controller being adapted to receive at least one input signal from the voltage boost regulator to allow the voltage boost regulator to increase the voltage supplied from the battery charger to a higher voltage to charge the power source.

[0410] Item 18. A battery according to any one of Items 6 to 17, wherein the voltage regulating device includes a voltage buck regulator operably connected to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller is suitable for receiving at least one input signal from the voltage buck regulator to allow the voltage buck regulator to convert the voltage supplied by the power supply into the output voltage of the battery.

[0411] Item 19. A battery according to any one of Items 6 to 18, wherein the voltage regulating device includes a noise suppression circuit operably connected to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller is suitable for receiving at least one input signal for noise suppression from the noise suppression circuit.

[0412] Item 20. A battery as described in any of the preceding items, wherein the battery includes a voltage level indicator for providing an indication of the voltage level of the power source.

[0413] Item 21. A battery according to item 20 when item 20 is dependent on any one of items 6 to 19, wherein the programmable controller is programmed to monitor the current and / or voltage level of the power supply based on the input signal and the output signal, and the programmable controller is operably connected to the voltage level indicator to provide an indication when the battery is nearing the end of discharge.

[0414] Item 22. A battery according to any of the preceding items, wherein the battery includes a housing suitable for accommodating at least the power source and the voltage regulating device.

[0415] Item 23. The battery of any of the preceding items, wherein the battery is a AA battery or a AAA battery.

[0416] Item 24. A battery according to any of the preceding items, wherein the regulated output voltage is in the range between 1.2V and 1.5V.

[0417] Item 25. The battery of any one of Items 1 to 21, wherein the regulated output voltage is in the range of 1.25V to 1.5V.

[0418] Item 26. A voltage regulating device for regulating at least an output voltage of a battery at a programmable variable level, the voltage regulating device comprising:

[0419] a current sensing circuit adapted to sense an output current of a power source of the battery; and

[0420] A programmable controller is adapted to receive at least one input signal from the current sensing circuit and to regulate the output voltage at a programmably variable level based on the output current.

[0421] Item 27. A voltage regulating device according to Item 26, wherein the power source is a rechargeable power source.

[0422] Item 28. A voltage regulating device according to any one of Items 26 or 27, wherein the voltage regulating device includes at least one regulator, which is operably connected to the programmable controller and is suitable for being started by the programmable controller at a preset battery output level so as to regulate the output voltage.

[0423] Item 29. A voltage regulating device according to any one of Items 26 to 28, wherein the voltage regulating device includes at least one voltage sensor configured to determine an input voltage for charging the power supply, the at least one voltage sensor being operably connected to the programmable controller, the programmable controller being suitable for receiving at least one input signal from the at least one voltage sensor to regulate the input voltage.

[0424] Item 30. A voltage regulating device according to any one of Items 26 to 28, wherein the voltage regulating device includes at least one voltage sensor, and the at least one voltage sensor is configured to determine voltage level information of the power supply and feed the voltage level information to the programmable controller.

[0425] Item 31. A voltage regulating device according to item 30, wherein the programmable controller is programmed to provide a lower output voltage when the power supply voltage has dropped to a predetermined level.

[0426] Item 32. A voltage regulating device according to any one of Items 26 to 31, wherein the power supply is rechargeable and the current sensing circuit is suitable for determining connection to a battery charger, and the at least one current sensor is operably connected to the programmable controller.

[0427] Item 33. A battery according to any one of items 26 to 31, wherein the current sensing circuit is suitable for detecting at least two of the following: i) current drawn by the user product / device during use; ii) current used by the power supply during discharge; iii) current drawn from the power supply; and iv) if the power supply is rechargeable, current used to recharge the power supply.

[0428] Item 34. A voltage regulating device according to any one of Items 26 to 31, wherein the power supply is rechargeable and the voltage regulating device includes at least one charger sensor, the at least one charger sensor being suitable for determining connection with the battery charger by detecting voltage from the battery charger, the at least one charger sensor being operably connected to the programmable controller.

[0429] Item 35. A voltage regulating device according to any one of Items 26 to 31, wherein the power supply is rechargeable and includes at least one charger sensor, wherein the at least one charger sensor is suitable for detecting the voltage of the battery charger as voltage level information and feeding the voltage level information to the programmable controller so as to adjust the detected voltage of the battery charger for charging the power supply.

[0430] Item 36. A voltage regulating device according to any one of Items 26 to 31, wherein the power supply is rechargeable and the voltage regulating device includes at least one charger sensor, wherein the at least one charger sensor is suitable for detecting voltage level information from the battery charger and sending the voltage level information to the programmable controller so as to adjust the output voltage at the programmed variable level according to the output current.

[0431] Item 37. A voltage regulating device according to any one of items 26 to 36, wherein the power source is rechargeable and the voltage regulating device includes a voltage boost regulator operably connected to the programmable controller, the programmable controller being adapted to receive at least one input signal from the voltage boost regulator to allow the voltage boost regulator to increase the voltage supplied from the battery charger to a higher voltage to charge the power source.

[0432] Item 38. A voltage regulating device according to any one of Items 26 to 37, wherein the voltage regulating device includes a voltage buck regulator operably connected to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller is suitable for receiving at least one input signal from the voltage buck regulator to allow the voltage buck regulator to convert the voltage supplied by the power supply into the output voltage of the battery.

[0433] Item 39. A voltage regulating device according to any one of Items 26 to 38, wherein the voltage regulating device includes a noise suppression circuit operably connected to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller is suitable for receiving at least one input signal for noise suppression from the noise suppression circuit.

[0434] Item 40. A voltage regulating device according to any one of items 26 to 39, wherein the programmable controller is programmed to monitor the current and / or voltage level of the power supply based on the input signal and the output signal, and the programmable controller is operably connected to a voltage level indicator to provide an indication when the battery is nearing the end of discharge.

[0435] Item 41. A battery substantially as herein described with reference to one or more of the accompanying drawings.

[0436] Item 42. A voltage regulating apparatus substantially as herein described with reference to one or more of the accompanying drawings.

Claims

1. A rechargeable battery, comprising: an outer surface of the battery, the outer surface of the battery being defined at least in part by: case; Positive terminal; and Negative terminal; Wherein, the housing accommodates: Rechargeable power source; Programmable controllers; and a voltage regulating device operably connected to the positive terminal, the negative terminal, and the rechargeable power source; The voltage regulating device is configured to: when the voltage regulating device is activated, regulate the external input charging voltage by increasing the external input charging voltage when the external input charging voltage is applied to the positive terminal and the negative terminal; Wherein, the voltage regulating device comprises: a voltage boost regulator configured to regulate the external input charging voltage to provide a power supply charging voltage greater than the external input charging voltage for charging the rechargeable power supply; and at least one voltage sensor configured to detect the external input charging voltage applied to the positive terminal and the negative terminal and transmit information indicative of the external input charging voltage to the programmable controller; and The programmable controller is configured to control the voltage boost regulator not to adjust the external input charging voltage or to adjust the external input charging voltage based on the external input charging voltage.

2. The rechargeable battery of claim 1, further comprising a pass circuit operably connected to the programmable controller.

3. The rechargeable battery according to claim 2, wherein: The programmable controller is configured to selectively enable the pass circuit when the programmable controller determines that the external input charging voltage is suitable for charging an internal power source.

4. The rechargeable battery according to claim 1, wherein The voltage regulating device also includes a current sensor operably connected to the programmable controller.

5. The rechargeable battery according to claim 4, wherein: The current sensor is configured to detect connection to a battery charger.

6. The rechargeable battery according to claim 5, wherein: The current sensor is configured to detect two or more of the following: i) the current drawn from the battery during use of the battery in a product / device; ii) the current drawn from the power source during discharge of the battery; as well as iii) a current for charging the power source.

7. The rechargeable battery according to claim 1, wherein The voltage regulation device also includes at least one regulator configured to regulate an output voltage of the battery to a programmed variable level when the external input charging voltage is not applied to the terminals of the battery.

8. The rechargeable battery according to claim 7, wherein: The at least one regulator is a buck regulator or a linear regulator.

9. The rechargeable battery according to claim 7, wherein: The programming variable level is between 1.2V and 1.5V.

10. The rechargeable battery according to claim 7, wherein: The controller is configured to reduce the output voltage when the voltage of the power supply drops to a predetermined level.

11. The rechargeable battery of claim 1, further comprising a voltage level indicator configured to provide an indication of a voltage level or capacity of the power source.

12. The rechargeable battery according to claim 1, wherein The power source is a lithium-ion battery cell.

13. A voltage regulating device configured to be housed within a housing of a battery, the battery having an outer surface at least partially defined by the housing, a positive terminal, and a negative terminal, the battery having a rechargeable power source and a programmable controller, wherein: the voltage regulating device being configured to be operably connected to the positive terminal, the negative terminal, and the rechargeable power source; The voltage regulating device is configured to: when the voltage regulating device is activated, regulate the external input charging voltage by increasing the external input charging voltage when the external input charging voltage is applied to the positive terminal and the negative terminal; Wherein, the voltage regulating device comprises: a voltage boost regulator configured to regulate the external input charging voltage to provide a power supply charging voltage greater than the external input charging voltage for charging the rechargeable power supply; and at least one voltage sensor configured to detect an input voltage applied to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery and to communicate information indicative of the external input charging voltage to the programmable controller; Wherein, the programmable controller is configured to: based on the external input charging voltage, control the voltage boost regulator not to adjust the external input charging voltage, or control the voltage boost regulator to adjust the external input charging voltage to increase the external input charging voltage.

14. A voltage regulating device according to claim 13, further comprising a pass-through circuit operatively connectable to the programmable controller in use.

15. The voltage regulating device according to claim 14, wherein: The programmable controller is configured to selectively enable the pass circuit when the programmable controller determines that the external input charging voltage is suitable for charging an internal power source.

16. The voltage regulating device according to claim 13, wherein: The voltage regulating device also includes a current sensor operably connected to the programmable controller and configured to detect connection to a battery charger.

17. The voltage regulating device according to claim 16, wherein: The current sensor is configured to detect two or more of the following: i) the current drawn from the battery during use of the battery in a product / device; ii) the current drawn from the power source during discharge of the battery; as well as iii) a current for charging the power source.

18. The voltage regulating device according to claim 13, wherein: The voltage regulation device also includes at least one regulator configured to regulate an output voltage of the battery to a programmed variable level when the external input charging voltage is not applied to the terminals of the battery.

19. The voltage regulating device according to claim 18, wherein: The at least one regulator is a buck regulator or a linear regulator.

20. The voltage regulating device according to claim 18, wherein The programmed variable level is between 1.2V and 1.5V, and the controller is configured to reduce the output voltage when the voltage of the power supply drops to a predetermined level.

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